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• How does interpolation actually work to smooth out an object's movement?

  - by user22241

  I've asked a few similar questions over the past 8 months or so with no real joy, so I am going make the question more general. I have an Android game which is OpenGL ES 2.0. within it I have the following Game Loop: My loop works on a fixed time step principle (dt = 1 / ticksPerSecond) loops=0; while(System.currentTimeMillis() > nextGameTick && loops < maxFrameskip){ updateLogic(dt); nextGameTick+=skipTicks; timeCorrection += (1000d/ticksPerSecond) % 1; nextGameTick+=timeCorrection; timeCorrection %=1; loops++; } render(); My intergration works like this: sprite.posX+=sprite.xVel*dt; sprite.posXDrawAt=sprite.posX*width; Now, everything works pretty much as I would like. I can specify that I would like an object to move across a certain distance (screen width say) in 2.5 seconds and it will do just that. Also because of the frame skipping that I allow in my game loop, I can do this on pretty much any device and it will always take 2.5 seconds. Problem However, the problem is that when a render frame skips, the graphic stutter. It's extremely annoying. If I remove the ability to skip frames, then everything is smooth as you like, but will run at different speeds on different devices. So it's not an option. I'm still not sure why the frame skips, but I would like to point out that this is Nothing to do with poor performance, I've taken the code right back to 1 tiny sprite and no logic (apart from the logic required to move the sprite) and I still get skipped frames. And this is on a Google Nexus 10 tablet (and as mentioned above, I need frame skipping to keep the speed consistent across devices anyway). So, the only other option I have is to use interpolation (or extrapolation), I've read every article there is out there but none have really helped me to understand how it works and all of my attempted implementations have failed. Using one method I was able to get things moving smoothly but it was unworkable because it messed up my collision. I can foresee the same issue with any similar method because the interpolation is passed to (and acted upon within) the rendering method - at render time. So if Collision corrects position (character now standing right next to wall), then the renderer can alter it's position and draw it in the wall. So I'm really confused. People have said that you should never alter an object's position from within the rendering method, but all of the examples online show this. So I'm asking for a push in the right direction, please do not link to the popular game loop articles (deWitters, Fix your timestep, etc) as I've read these multiple times. I'm not asking anyone to write my code for me. Just explain please in simple terms how Interpolation actually works with some examples. I will then go and try to integrate any ideas into my code and will ask more specific questions if need-be further down the line. (I'm sure this is a problem many people struggle with).

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• Island Generation Library

  - by thatguy

  Can anyone recommend a tile map generator (written in Java is a plus), where one can control some land types? For example: islands, large continents, singe large continent, archipelago, etc. I've been reading through many posts on the subject, it almost seems like many are just rolling their own. Before creating my own, I'm wondering if there's already an open source implementation that I might not be finding. If not, it seems like using Perlin Noise is a popular choice. Some articles I've been reading: http://simblob.blogspot.com/2010/01/simple-map-generation.html Generate islands/continents with simplex noise https://sites.google.com/site/minecraftlandgenerator/

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• I need to sell an almost-complete MMORPG project. How can I do that?

  - by Tomasz

  I need your help. We have to sell MMORPG at an advanced stage. The game has a unique engine, written on the need for the game, graphics, sound, map editor, web site etc. As it happens in the play mmorpg we can develop the characters, monsters. We can fight with other characters or to establish cooperation in solving the challenges. We can fight using own monsters, or throwing their own cards with spells. Unfortunately we have no idea how to promote the game. Ended fund and I think the whole team surrendered. How can I find a buyer? Where can I find him? Thank you for your help.

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• Game Formula/Mechanic

  - by Georgiadis Abraam

  i am trying to design a game for a project i have, The main idea is a 3 Type of Heroes 3 Stat per Hero There are no levels involved so the differences must be located on Stats. Flogic)The logic of fight is that type1hero has good chances winning type2hero, type2hero has good chances type3hero and type3hero has good chances winning type1hero. For over a week i am trying to find a stats based formula that will allow me to fix this but i cant, i was meddling with numbers yesterday and it was decent but i cant extract the formula out of it. Could you plz guide me or give me hints on how should i start creating formulas on a Non lvl game that fulfills the fLogic?

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• Can I use DllImport/PInvoke in libraries loaded as Assets in Unity Free?

  - by sebf

  I am interested in using utilising third-party libraries in Unity Free. I know Unity can use managed libraries as Assets, but only the Pro version supports using native libraries. (DllImport within scripts). This thread however suggests that it is possible to import DLLs in the free version. I would like to utilise native libraries (as a hobbyist I cannot afford Pro), but want to do it the supported way so I don't have to worry about Unity 'fixing' this hole if that is what it is. Is there any supported way to use native libraries with Unity free? (i.e. does that thread suggest a workaround or is it a 'bug'? Is it supported to use DllImport/PInvoke in libraries loaded as assets? (could I create a wrapper myself?)

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• GoogleAppEngine : ClassNotFoundException : javax.jdo.metadata.ComponentMetadata

  - by James.Elsey

  I'm trying to deploy my application to a locally running GoogleAppEngine development server, but I'm getting the following stack trace when I start the server Apr 23, 2010 9:03:33 PM com.google.apphosting.utils.jetty.JettyLogger warn WARNING: Nested in org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'clientDao' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]: Cannot resolve reference to bean 'entityManagerFactory' while setting bean property 'entityManagerFactory'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFactory' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/jdo/metadata/ComponentMetadata: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.jdo.metadata.ComponentMetadata at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:217) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:205) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:319) at com.google.appengine.tools.development.IsolatedAppClassLoader.loadClass(IsolatedAppClassLoader.java:151) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:264) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(ClassLoader.java:332) at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method) at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:264) at javax.jdo.JDOHelper$18.run(JDOHelper.java:2009) at javax.jdo.JDOHelper$18.run(JDOHelper.java:2007) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at javax.jdo.JDOHelper.forName(JDOHelper.java:2006) at javax.jdo.JDOHelper.invokeGetPersistenceManagerFactoryOnImplementation(JDOHelper.java:1155) at javax.jdo.JDOHelper.getPersistenceManagerFactory(JDOHelper.java:803) at javax.jdo.JDOHelper.getPersistenceManagerFactory(JDOHelper.java:698) at org.datanucleus.jpa.EntityManagerFactoryImpl.initialisePMF(EntityManagerFactoryImpl.java:482) at org.datanucleus.jpa.EntityManagerFactoryImpl.<init>(EntityManagerFactoryImpl.java:255) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.jpa.DatastoreEntityManagerFactory.<init>(DatastoreEntityManagerFactory.java:68) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.jpa.DatastorePersistenceProvider.createContainerEntityManagerFactory(DatastorePersistenceProvider.java:45) at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.createNativeEntityManagerFactory(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:224) at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:291) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1369) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1335) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:473) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory$1.run(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:409) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:380) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:264) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:261) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:185) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:164) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:269) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:104) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1245) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1010) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:472) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory$1.run(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:409) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:380) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:264) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:261) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:185) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:164) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:429) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:728) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:380) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.createWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:255) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:199) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:45) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandler.startContext(ContextHandler.java:530) at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.Context.startContext(Context.java:135) at org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.startContext(WebAppContext.java:1218) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandler.doStart(ContextHandler.java:500) at org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.doStart(WebAppContext.java:448) at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:40) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerWrapper.doStart(HandlerWrapper.java:117) at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:40) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerWrapper.doStart(HandlerWrapper.java:117) at org.mortbay.jetty.Server.doStart(Server.java:217) at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:40) at com.google.appengine.tools.development.JettyContainerService.startContainer(JettyContainerService.java:181) at com.google.appengine.tools.development.AbstractContainerService.startup(AbstractContainerService.java:116) at com.google.appengine.tools.development.DevAppServerImpl.start(DevAppServerImpl.java:217) at com.google.appengine.tools.development.DevAppServerMain$StartAction.apply(DevAppServerMain.java:162) at com.google.appengine.tools.util.Parser$ParseResult.applyArgs(Parser.java:48) at com.google.appengine.tools.development.DevAppServerMain.<init>(DevAppServerMain.java:113) at com.google.appengine.tools.development.DevAppServerMain.main(DevAppServerMain.java:89) The server is running at http://localhost:1234/ I'm a little confused over this, since I have the same application running locally on GlassFish/MySQL. All I have done is to swap in the relevant jar files, and change the persistence.xml. My applicationContext.xml looks as follows : <context:annotation-config/> <bean id="clientDao" class="com.jameselsey.salestracker.dao.jpa.JpaDaoClient"> <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/> </bean> <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"/> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"> <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" /> </bean> <bean id="org.springframework.context.annotation.internalPersistenceAnnotationProcessor" class="com.jameselsey.salestracker.util.GaeFixInternalPersistenceAnnotationProcessor" /> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/> <tx:annotation-driven/> <bean id="clientService" class="com.jameselsey.salestracker.service.ClientService"/> </beans> My JPA DAO looks like this public class JpaDao extends JpaDaoSupport { protected <T> List<T> findAll(Class<T> clazz) { return getJpaTemplate().find("select c from " + clazz.getName() + " c"); } protected <T> T findOne(String jpql, Map params) { List<T> results = getJpaTemplate().findByNamedParams(jpql, params); if(results.isEmpty()) { return null; } if(results.size() > 1) { throw new IncorrectResultSizeDataAccessException(1, results.size()); } return results.get(0); } } And an example implemented method looks like this : @Override public Client getClientById(Integer clientId) { String jpql = "SELECT c " + "FROM com.jameselsey.salestracker.domain.Client c " + "WHERE c.id = " + clientId; return (Client) getJpaTemplate().find(jpql).get(0); } Like I say, this works ok on Glassfish/MySQL, is it possible this error could be a red herring to something else?

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• Eculidean space and vector magnitude

  - by Starkers

  Below we have distances from the origin calculated in two different ways, giving the Euclidean distance, the Manhattan distance and the Chebyshev distance. Euclidean distance is what we use to calculate the magnitude of vectors in 2D/3D games, and that makes sense to me: Let's say we have a vector that gives us the range a spaceship with limited fuel can travel. If we calculated this with Manhattan metric, our ship could travel a distance of X if it were travelling horizontally or vertically, however the second it attempted to travel diagonally it could only tavel X/2! So like I say, Euclidean distance does make sense. However, I still don't quite get how we calculate 'real' distances from the vector's magnitude. Here are two points, purple at (2,2) and green at (3,3). We can take two points away from each other to derive a vector. Let's create a vector to describe the magnitude and direction of purple from green: |d| = purple - green |d| = (purple.x, purple.y) - (green.x, green.y) |d| = (2, 2) - (3, 3) |d| = <-1,-1> Let's derive the magnitude of the vector via Pythagoras to get a Euclidean measurement: euc_magnitude = sqrt((x*x)+(y*y)) euc_magnitude = sqrt((-1*-1)+(-1*-1)) euc_magnitude = sqrt((1)+(1)) euc_magnitude = sqrt(2) euc_magnitude = 1.41 Now, if the answer had been 1, that would make sense to me, because 1 unit (in the direction described by the vector) from the green is bang on the purple. But it's not. It's 1.41. 1.41 units is the direction described, to me at least, makes us overshoot the purple by almost half a unit: So what do we do to the magnitude to allow us to calculate real distances on our point graph? Worth noting I'm a beginner just working my way through theory. Haven't programmed a game in my life!

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• CreateRenderTarget returns 0x80070057 in big surface resolution

  - by senggen

  I have created the SLI merged desktop of three 1920x1680 monitors, so the desktop resolution is 5760x1080. There is a 0x80070057 error, while calling CreateRenderTarget to create the RT_Surface: IDirect3DSurface9* _render_surface; HRESULT hr = _device->CreateRenderTarget( _desktop_width * 2, _desktop_height + 1, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8, D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE, 0, TRUE, &_render_surface, NULL); It works OK with desktop resolution 1024x768, and the total resolution is 3072x768. In http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb174361(v=vs.85).aspx, it says If the method succeeds, the return value is D3D_OK. If the method fails, the return value can be one of the following: D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE, D3DERR_INVALIDCALL, D3DERR_OUTOFVIDEOMEMORY, E_OUTOFMEMORY. and no description about 0x80070057. HRESULT: 0x80070057 (2147942487) Name: E_INVALIDARG Description: An invalid parameter was passed to the returning function Somebody please help me.

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• Making an interactive 2D map

  - by Chad

  So recently I have been working on a Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past clone, and I am wondering how I could handle certain map interactions (like cutting grass, lifting rocks, etc). The way I am currently doing the tilemap is with 2 PNGs. The first is the "tilemap" where each pixel represents a 16x16 tile and the (red, green) values are the (x, y) coords for the tile in the second PNG (the "tileset"). I am then using the blue channel to store collision data. Each tile is split into 4 8x8 tiles and represented by a 2 bit value (0 = empty, 1 = Jumpdown point, 2 = unused right now, 3 = blocking). 4 of these 2 bit values make up the full blue channel (1 byte). So collisions work great, and I am moving on to putting interactive units on the level; but I am not sure what a good way is to do it. I have experimented with spawning an entity for each grass and rock, but there are just WAY to many; FPS just dies even if I confine it to the current "zone" the user is in (for those who remember LTTP it had zones you moved between). It does make a difference that this is a browser-based JavaScript game. tl;dr: What is a good way to have an interactive map without using full blown entities for each interactive item?

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• Importing Models from Maya to OpenGL

  - by Mert Toka

  I am looking for ways to import models to my game project. I am using Maya as modelling software, and GLUT for windowing of my game. I found this great parser, it imports all the textures and normal vectors, but it is compatible with .obj files of 3dsMAX. I tried to use it with Maya obj's, and it turned out that Maya's obj files are a bit different from former one, thus it cannot parse them. If you know any way to convert Maya obj files to 3dsMax obj files, that would be acceptable as well as a new parser for Maya obj files.

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• How do I implement a score database in Android?

  - by Michael Seun Araromi

  I making a 2D game for Android using OpenGL-ES technology. It is a space shooting game where the player shoots enemy ships. I want to keep a track of score for the amount of enemy ships destroyed and a record of a local highscore. The score should be incremented whenever an enemy is destroyed. I also want a way of displaying both the current score and highscore on the game screen. I am not familiar with databases at all and I will appreciate a clear answer or a link to a good tutorial for my cause. Thanks.

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• Move model forward base on model orientation

  - by ChocoMan

  My model rotates on it's own Y-axis regardless of where it is in the world. Here are the controls for the left ThumbStick: UP (move model forward on Z-Axis) DOWN (move model backward on Z-Axis) LEFT & RIGHT (strafe to either side) The problem is adjusting the direction the model's orientation UP and DOWN if the player should also rotate the player while moving forward or backwards. An example what Im trying to achieve would be a car doing donuts. The car is always facing the current direction that it interprets as forward (or rear as backwards) in relation to it's local rotation. Here is how Im calling the movement: // Rotate model with Right Thumbstick along X-Axis modelRotation -= pController.ThumbSticks.Right.X * mRotSpeed; // Move Forward if (pController.IsButtonDown(Buttons.LeftThumbstickUp)) { modelPosition.Z -= -pController.ThumbSticks.Left.Y * speed; } // Move Backward if (pController.IsButtonDown(Buttons.LeftThumbstickDown)) { modelPosition.Z += pController.ThumbSticks.Left.Y * speed; } // Strafe Left if (pController.IsButtonDown(Buttons.LeftThumbstickLeft)) { modelPosition.X += -pController.ThumbSticks.Left.X * speed; } // Strafe Right if (pController.IsButtonDown(Buttons.LeftThumbstickRight)) { modelPosition.X -= pController.ThumbSticks.Left.X * speed; } // DeadZone if (!pController.IsButtonDown(Buttons.LeftThumbstickUp) && !pController.IsButtonDown(Buttons.LeftThumbstickDown) && !pController.IsButtonDown(Buttons.LeftThumbstickLeft) && !pController.IsButtonDown(Buttons.LeftThumbstickRight)) { }

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• Cool examples of procedural pixel shader effects?

  - by Robert Fraser

  What are some good examples of procedural/screen-space pixel shader effects? No code necessary; just looking for inspiration. In particular, I'm looking for effects that are not dependent on geometry or the rest of the scene (would look okay rendered alone on a quad) and are not image processing (don't require a "base image", though they can incorporate textures). Multi-pass or single-pass is fine. Screenshots or videos would be ideal, but ideas work too. Here are a few examples of what I'm looking for (all from the RenderMonkey samples): PS - I'm aware of this question; I'm not asking for a source of actual shader implementations but instead for some inspirational ideas -- and the ones at the NVIDIA Shader Library mostly require a scene or are image processing effects. EDIT: this is an open-ended question and I wish there was a good way to split the bounty. I'll award the rep to the best answer on the last day.

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• GameState management hierarchical FSM vs stack based FSM

  - by user8363

  I'm reading a bit on Finite State Machines to handle game states (or screens). I would like to build a rather decent FSM that can handle multiple screens. e.g. while the game is running I want to be able to pop-up an ingame menu and when that happens the main screen must stop updating (the game is paused) but must still be visible in the background. However when I open an inventory pop-up the main screen must be visible and continue updating etc. I'm a bit confused about the difference in implementation and functionality between hierarchical FSM's and FSM's that handle a stack of states instead. Are they basically the same? Or are there important differences?

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• About Alpha blending sprites in Direct3D9

  - by ambrozija

  I have a Direct3D9 application that is rendering ID3DXSprites. The problem I am experiencing is best described in this situation: I have a texture that is totally opaque. On top of it I draw a rectangle filled with solid color and alpha of 128. On top of the rectangle I have a text that is totally opaque. I draw all of this and get the resulting image through GetRenderTarget call. The problem is that on the resulting image, on the area where the transparent rectangle is, I have semi transparent pixels. It is not a problem that the rectangle is transparent, the problem is that the resulting image is. The question is how to setup the blending so in this situation I don't get the transparent pixels in the resulting image? I use the sprite with D3DXSPRITE_ALPHABLEND which sets the device state to D3DBLEND_SRCALPHA and D3DBLEND_INVSRCALPHA. I tried couple of combinations of SetRenderState, like D3DBLEND_SRCALPHA, D3DBLEND_DESTALPHA etc., but couldn't make it work. Thanks.

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• How can I use iteration to lead targets?

  - by e100

  In my 2D game, I have stationary AI turrets firing constant speed bullets at moving targets. So far I have used a quadratic solver technique to calculate where the turret should aim in advance of the target, which works well (see Algorithm to shoot at a target in a 3d game, Predicting enemy position in order to have an object lead its target). But it occurs to me that an iterative technique might be more realistic (e.g. it should fire even when there is no exact solution), efficient and tunable - for example one could change the number of iterations to improve accuracy. I thought I could calculate the current range and thus an initial (inaccurate) bullet flight time to target, then work out where the target would actually be by that time, then recalculate a more accurate range, then recalculate flight time, etc etc. I think I am missing something obvious to do with the time term, but my aimpoint calculation does not currently converge after the significant initial correction in the first iteration: import math def aimpoint(iters, target_x, target_y, target_vel_x, target_vel_y, bullet_speed): aimpoint_x = target_x aimpoint_y = target_y range = math.sqrt(aimpoint_x**2 + aimpoint_y**2) time_to_target = range / bullet_speed time_delta = time_to_target n = 0 while n <= iters: print "iteration:", n, "target:", "(", aimpoint_x, aimpoint_y, ")", "time_delta:", time_delta aimpoint_x += target_vel_x * time_delta aimpoint_y += target_vel_y * time_delta range = math.sqrt(aimpoint_x**2 + aimpoint_y**2) new_time_to_target = range / bullet_speed time_delta = new_time_to_target - time_to_target n += 1 aimpoint(iters=5, target_x=0, target_y=100, target_vel_x=1, target_vel_y=0, bullet_speed=100)

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• Load order in XNA?

  - by marc wellman

  I am wondering whether the is a mechanism to manually control the call-order of void Game.LoadContent() as it is the case with void Game.Draw(GameTime gt) by setting int DrawableGameComponent.DrawOrder ? except the order that results from adding components to the Game.Components container and maybe there exists something similar with Game.Update(GameTime gt) ? UPDATE To exemplify my issue consider you have several game components which do depends to each other regarding their instantiation. All are inherited from DrawableGameComponent. Now suppose that in one of these components you are loading a Model from the games content pipeline and add it to some static container in order to provide access to it for other game components. public override LoadContent() { // ... Model m = _contentManager.Load<Model>(@"content/myModel"); // GameComponents is a static class with an accessible list where game components reside. GameComponents.AddCompnent(m); // ... } Now it's easy to imagine that this components load method has to precede other game components that do want to access the model m in their own load method.

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• How do I efficiently code both the client and server at the same time?

  - by liamzebedee

  I'm coding my game using a client-server model. When playing on singleplayer, the game starts a local server, and interacts with it just like a remote server (multiplayer). I have done this to avoid coding separate singleplayer and multiplayer code. I have just started coding and have encountered a major problem. Currently I'm developing the game in Eclipse, having all the game classes organized into packages. Then, in my server code, I just use all the classes in the client packages. The problem is, these client classes have variables that are specific to rendering, which obviously wouldn't be performed on a server. Should I create modified versions of the client classes to use in the server? Or should I just modify the client classes with a boolean, to indicate if its the client/server using it. Are there any other options I have? I just had a thought about maybe using the server class as the core class, then extending it with rendering stuff?

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• Problem with Assimp 3D model loader

  - by Brendan Webster

  In my game I have model loading functions for Assimp model loading library. I can load the model and render it, but the model displays incorrectly. The models load in as if they were using a seperate projection matrix. I have looked over my code over and over again, but I probably keep on missing the obvious reason why this is happening. Here is an image of my game: It's simply a 6 sided cube, but it's off big time! Here are my code snippets for rendering the cube to the screen: void C_MediaLoader::display(void) { float tmp; glTranslatef(0,0,0); // rotate it around the y axis glRotatef(angle,0.f,0.f,1.f); glColor4f(1,1,1,1); // scale the whole asset to fit into our view frustum tmp = scene_max.x-scene_min.x; tmp = aisgl_max(scene_max.y - scene_min.y,tmp); tmp = aisgl_max(scene_max.z - scene_min.z,tmp); tmp = (1.f / tmp); glScalef(tmp/5, tmp/5, tmp/5); // center the model //glTranslatef( -scene_center.x, -scene_center.y, -scene_center.z ); // if the display list has not been made yet, create a new one and // fill it with scene contents if(scene_list == 0) { scene_list = glGenLists(1); glNewList(scene_list, GL_COMPILE); // now begin at the root node of the imported data and traverse // the scenegraph by multiplying subsequent local transforms // together on GL's matrix stack. recursive_render(scene, scene->mRootNode); glEndList(); } glCallList(scene_list); } void C_MediaLoader::recursive_render (const struct aiScene *sc, const struct aiNode* nd) { unsigned int i; unsigned int n = 0, t; struct aiMatrix4x4 m = nd->mTransformation; // update transform aiTransposeMatrix4(&m); glPushMatrix(); glMultMatrixf((float*)&m); // draw all meshes assigned to this node for (; n < nd->mNumMeshes; ++n) { const struct aiMesh* mesh = scene->mMeshes[nd->mMeshes[n]]; apply_material(sc->mMaterials[mesh->mMaterialIndex]); if(mesh->mNormals == NULL) { glDisable(GL_LIGHTING); } else { glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); } for (t = 0; t < mesh->mNumFaces; ++t) { const struct aiFace* face = &mesh->mFaces[t]; GLenum face_mode; switch(face->mNumIndices) { case 1: face_mode = GL_POINTS; break; case 2: face_mode = GL_LINES; break; case 3: face_mode = GL_TRIANGLES; break; default: face_mode = GL_POLYGON; break; } glBegin(face_mode); for(i = 0; i < face->mNumIndices; i++) { int index = face->mIndices[i]; if(mesh->mColors[0] != NULL) glColor4fv((GLfloat*)&mesh->mColors[0][index]); if(mesh->mNormals != NULL) glNormal3fv(&mesh->mNormals[index].x); glVertex3fv(&mesh->mVertices[index].x); } glEnd(); } } // draw all children for (n = 0; n < nd->mNumChildren; ++n) { recursive_render(sc, nd->mChildren[n]); } glPopMatrix(); } Sorry there is so much code to look through, but I really cannot find the problem, and I would love to have help.

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• Sprite not rotating around its centre after Scaling at its centre

  - by asma.farhat

  If I scale a sprite at its centre, then try to rotate it around its centre as well, the rotation does not occur around its centre. If you need to rotate, for example a scaled ball,the way its working it is set the scale center at the top left (0,0) set the scale that you want, and then set the rotation center to the middle of the scaled sprite, and then apply the rotation modifier. blaBloBliSprite.setScaleCenter(0, 0); blaBloBliSprite.setScale(0.667f); blaBloBliSprite.setPosition(557, CAMERA_HEIGHT / 2 - blaBloBliSprite.getHeightScaled() / 2); blaBloBliSprite.setRotationCenter(blaBloBliSprite.getWidthScaled() / 2, blaBloBliSprite.getHeightScaled() / 2); But I want to scale a sprite at its centre as well. Is there any way of doing it?

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• Normals vs Normal maps

  - by KaiserJohaan

  I am using Assimp asset importer (http://assimp.sourceforge.net/lib_html/index.html) to parse 3d models. So far, I've simply pulled out the normal vectors which are defined for each vertex in my meshes. Yet I have also found various tutorials on normal maps... As I understand it for normal maps, the normal vectors are stored in each texel of a normal map, and you pull these out of the normal texture in the shader. Why is there two ways to get the normals, which one is considered best-practice and why?

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• obj-c classes and sub classes (Cocos2d) conversion

  - by Lewis

  Hi I'm using this version of cocos2d: https://github.com/krzysztofzablocki/CCNode-SFGestureRecognizers Which supports the UIGestureRecognizer within a CCLayer in a cocos2d scene like so: @interface HelloWorldLayer : CCLayer <UIGestureRecognizerDelegate> { } Now I want to make this custom gesture work within the scene, attaching it to a sprite in cocos2d: #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h> @protocol OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizerDelegate <NSObject> @optional - (void) rotation: (CGFloat) angle; - (void) finalAngle: (CGFloat) angle; @end @interface OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer { CGPoint midPoint; CGFloat innerRadius; CGFloat outerRadius; CGFloat cumulatedAngle; id <OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizerDelegate> target; } - (id) initWithMidPoint: (CGPoint) midPoint innerRadius: (CGFloat) innerRadius outerRadius: (CGFloat) outerRadius target: (id) target; - (void)reset; - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; @end #include <math.h> #import "OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer.h" @implementation OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer // private helper functions CGFloat distanceBetweenPoints(CGPoint point1, CGPoint point2); CGFloat angleBetweenLinesInDegrees(CGPoint beginLineA, CGPoint endLineA, CGPoint beginLineB, CGPoint endLineB); - (id) initWithMidPoint: (CGPoint) _midPoint innerRadius: (CGFloat) _innerRadius outerRadius: (CGFloat) _outerRadius target: (id <OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizerDelegate>) _target { if ((self = [super initWithTarget: _target action: nil])) { midPoint = _midPoint; innerRadius = _innerRadius; outerRadius = _outerRadius; target = _target; } return self; } /** Calculates the distance between point1 and point 2. */ CGFloat distanceBetweenPoints(CGPoint point1, CGPoint point2) { CGFloat dx = point1.x - point2.x; CGFloat dy = point1.y - point2.y; return sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy); } CGFloat angleBetweenLinesInDegrees(CGPoint beginLineA, CGPoint endLineA, CGPoint beginLineB, CGPoint endLineB) { CGFloat a = endLineA.x - beginLineA.x; CGFloat b = endLineA.y - beginLineA.y; CGFloat c = endLineB.x - beginLineB.x; CGFloat d = endLineB.y - beginLineB.y; CGFloat atanA = atan2(a, b); CGFloat atanB = atan2(c, d); // convert radiants to degrees return (atanA - atanB) * 180 / M_PI; } #pragma mark - UIGestureRecognizer implementation - (void)reset { [super reset]; cumulatedAngle = 0; } - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesBegan:touches withEvent:event]; if ([touches count] != 1) { self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed; return; } } - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesMoved:touches withEvent:event]; if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed) return; CGPoint nowPoint = [[touches anyObject] locationInView: self.view]; CGPoint prevPoint = [[touches anyObject] previousLocationInView: self.view]; // make sure the new point is within the area CGFloat distance = distanceBetweenPoints(midPoint, nowPoint); if ( innerRadius <= distance && distance <= outerRadius) { // calculate rotation angle between two points CGFloat angle = angleBetweenLinesInDegrees(midPoint, prevPoint, midPoint, nowPoint); // fix value, if the 12 o'clock position is between prevPoint and nowPoint if (angle > 180) { angle -= 360; } else if (angle < -180) { angle += 360; } // sum up single steps cumulatedAngle += angle; // call delegate if ([target respondsToSelector: @selector(rotation:)]) { [target rotation:angle]; } } else { // finger moved outside the area self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed; } } - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesEnded:touches withEvent:event]; if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) { self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateRecognized; if ([target respondsToSelector: @selector(finalAngle:)]) { [target finalAngle:cumulatedAngle]; } } else { self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed; } cumulatedAngle = 0; } - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesCancelled:touches withEvent:event]; self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed; cumulatedAngle = 0; } @end Header file for view controller: #import "OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer.h" @interface OneFingerRotationGestureViewController : UIViewController <OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizerDelegate> @property (nonatomic, strong) IBOutlet UIImageView *image; @property (nonatomic, strong) IBOutlet UITextField *textDisplay; @end then this is in the .m file: gestureRecognizer = [[OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithMidPoint: midPoint innerRadius: outRadius / 3 outerRadius: outRadius target: self]; [self.view addGestureRecognizer: gestureRecognizer]; Now my question is, is it possible to add this custom gesture into the cocos2d project found on that github, and if so, what do I need to change in the OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizerDelegate to get it to work within cocos2d. Because at the minute it is setup in a standard iOS project and not a cocos2d project and I do not know enough about UIViews and classing/ sub classing in obj-c to get this to work. Also it seems to inherit from a UIView where cocos2d uses CCLayer. Kind regards, Lewis. I also realise I may have not included enough code from the custom gesture project for readers to interpret it fully, so the full project can be found here: https://github.com/melle/OneFingerRotationGestureDemo

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• Coarse Collision Detection in highly dynamic environment

  - by Millianz

  I'm currently working a 3D space game with A LOT of dynamic objects that are all moving (there is pretty much no static environment). I have the collision detection and resolution working just fine, but I am now trying to optimize the collision detection (which is currently O(N^2) -- linear search). I thought about multiple options, a bounding volume hierarchy, a Binary Spatial Partitioning tree, an Octree or a Grid. I however need some help with deciding what's best for my situation. A grid seems unfeasible simply due to the space requirements and cache coherence problems. Since everything is so dynamic however, it seems to be that trees aren't ideal either, since they would have to be completely rebuilt every frame. I must admit I never implemented a physics engine that required spatial partitioning, do I indeed need to rebuild the tree every frame (assuming that everything is constantly moving) or can I update the trees after integrating? Advice is much appreciated - to give some more background: You're flying a space ship in an asteroid field, and there are lots and lots of asteroids and some enemy ships, all of which shoot bullets. EDIT: I came across the "Sweep an Prune" algorithm, which seems like the right thing for my purposes. It appears like the right mixture of fast building of the data structures involved and detailed enough partitioning. This is the best resource I can find: http://www.codercorner.com/SAP.pdf If anyone has any suggestions whether or not I'm going in the right direction, please let me know.

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• Platformer Enemy AI

  - by hayer

  I'm currently developing a platformer shooter. The game is multiplayer and while my net code could use some real work I have put that off for the time, so currently I'm trying to implement the AI. The game is pretty simple; Players run around on a map filled with a X amount of zombies that try to eat their brains, classic and overused I know. Weapons spawn at random intervals around the map. The problem is that the zombies, when they find their pray the have to follow it for some while.. And here is the problem, running the AI navcode seems to take for ever. So here is the ideas I have come up with so far Have the AI update at different intervals with a maximum of Y ms with no updates. Have the zombies assigned to groups of zombies. One is appointed the leader of the group who finds the way to the player - the rest just follows the leader. If the leader dies another one of the zombies in the group is appointed president of the zombie swarm. If there is less than five zombies in a group they try to meet up with other zombies.(Aka they are assigned to a different group and therefor a new leader) Multi-threading option one or two? For navigation I have some kinda navmesh(since the game is not tile-based) that tells the zombies where they can walk etc. If anyone else got some ideas on how to do navigation I would love some input. For LoS(zombie - player) I have split the map into grids. If the players grid is connected to the zombies grid(if I go with option two I would only need to check if leader zombies grid is connected to player, aka less checks) - if they are connected and there is more than 250ms since last check do a raytrace.. This is my first time programming AI so input on any field is appreciated.

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• Low coupling and tight cohesion

  - by hidayat

  Of course it depends on the situation. But when a lower lever object or system communicate with an higher level system, should callbacks or events be preferred to keeping a pointer to higher level object? For example, we have a world class that has a member variable vector<monster> monsters. When the monster class is going to communicate with the world class, should I prefer using a callback function then or should I have a pointer to the world class inside the monster class?

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