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  • Help improving a simple assembly function

    - by MPelletier
    I just handed in this function in an assignment. It is done (hence no homework tag). But I would like to see how this can be improved. Essentially, the function sums the squares of all the integers between 1 and the given number, using the following formula: n(n+1)(2n+1)/6 Where n is the maximum number. The function below is made to catch any overflow and return 0 should any occur. UInt32 sumSquares(const UInt32 number) { int result = 0; __asm { mov eax, number //move number in eax mov edx, 2 //move 2 in edx mul edx //multiply (2n) jo end //jump to end if overflow add eax, 1 //addition (2n+1) jo end //jump to end if overflow mov ecx, eax //move (2n+1) in ecx mov ebx, number //move number in ebx add ebx, 1 //addition (n+1) jo end //jump to end if overflow mov eax, number //move number in eax for multiplication mul ebx //multiply n(n+1) jo end //jump to end if overflow mul ecx //multiply n(n+1)(2n+1) jo end //jump to end if overflow mov ebx, 6 //move 6 in ebx div ebx //divide by 6, the result will be in eax mov result, eax //move eax in result end: } return result; } Basically, I want to know what I can improve in there. In terms of best-practices mostly. One thing sounds obvious: smarter overflow check (with a single check for whatever maximum input would cause an overflow).

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  • Finding most efficient transmission size in varying network latency scenarios

    - by rwmnau
    I'm building a .NET remoting client/server that will be transmitting thousands of files, of varying sizes (everything from a few bytes to hundreds of MB), and I'm curious about a general method for finding the appropriate transmission size. As I see it, there's the following tradeoff: Serialize entire file into a transmission object and transmit at once, regardless of size. This would be the fastest, but a failure during tranmission requires that the whole file be re-transmitted. If the file size is larger than something small (like 4KB), break it into 4KB chunks and transmit those, re-assembling on the server. In addition to the complexity of this, it's slower because of continued round-trips and acknowledgements, though a failure of any one piece doesn't waste much time. The ideal transmission method (when taking into account negotiation latency vs. failure rate) is somewhere in between, and I'm wondering about how to find out the best size for that particular client. Do I have some dynamic tuning step in my transmission that looks at the current bytes/second average, and then raises the transmission size until the speed starts to drop (failures overwhelm negotiation cost)? Or is there some other method for determining ideal transmission size? The application will be multi-threaded, so number of threads also factors in to the calculation. I'm not looking for a formula (though I'll take one if you've got it), but just what to consider as I create this process.

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  • Navigating through a sea of hype

    - by wouldLikeACrystalBall
    This is a vague, open question, so if you have no interest in these, please leave now. A few years ago it seemed everyone thought the death of desktop software was imminent. Web applications were the future. Everyone would move to cloud-based software-as-a-service systems, and developing applications for specific end-user platforms like Windows would soon become something of a ghetto. Joel's "How Microsoft Lost the API War" was but one of many such pieces sounding the death knell for this way of software development. Flash-forward to 2010, and the hype is all around mobile devices, particularly the iPhone. Software-as-a-Service vendors--even small ones such as YCombinator startups--go out of their way to build custom applications for the iPhone and other smart phone devices; applications that can be quite sophisticated, that run only on specific hardware and software architectures and are thus inherently incompatible. Now some of you are probably thinking, "Well, only the decline of desktop software was predicted; mobile devices aren't desktops." But the term was used by those predicting its demise to mean laptops also, and really any platform capable of running a browser. What was promised was a world where HTML and related standards would supplant native applications and their inherent difficulties. We would all code to the browser, not the OS. But here we are in 2010 with the AppStore bulging and development for the iPad just revving up. A few days ago, I saw someone on Hacker News claim that the future of computing was entirely in small, portable devices. Apparently the future is underpowered, requires dexterous thumbs and induces near-sightedness. How do those who so vehemently asserted one thing now assert the opposite with equal vehemence, without making even the slightest admission of error? And further, how are we as developers supposed to sift through all of this? I bought into the whole web-standards utopianism that was in vogue back in '06-'07 and now feel like it was a mistake. Is there some formula one can apply rather than a mere appeal to experience?

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  • Excel Prorated SUMIF

    - by Pete Michaud
    I have a worksheet with 2 columns, one is a dollar amount, and the other is a day of the month (1 through 31) that the dollar amount is due by (the dollars are income streams). So, I use the following formula to SUM all the income streams due on or before a certain day: =SUMIF(C5:C14, "<="&$B$42,B5:B14) Column C is the due day B42 is the cell in which I input the day to compare to like "15" for "total of all income due on or before the 15th" - the idea is to have a sum of all income received for the period. Column B is the dollar amount for each income stream. My question is: Some of the income streams don't have a day next to them (the day cell in column C is blank). That means that that income stream doesn't come in as a check or a chunk on a certain date, it trickles in roughly evenly through out the month. So if the amount for the income stream is $10,000 and the day is 15 in a 30 day month, then I should add $5,000 to the total. That would be something like: =SUMIF(C5:C14, "",???) So where the due date is blank, select ???. ??? isn't just the number, it's the number*(given_day/total_days_in_month). So I think what I need for an accurate total is: =SUMIF(C5:C14, "<="&$B$42,B5:B14) + SUMIF(C5:C14, "",???) But I'm not sure how to write that exactly.

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  • Implementing Naïve Bayes algorithm in Java - Need some guidance

    - by techventure
    hello stackflow people As a School assignment i'm required to implement Naïve Bayes algorithm which i am intending to do in Java. In trying to understand how its done, i've read the book "Data Mining - Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques" which has a section on this topic but am still unsure on some primary points that are blocking my progress. Since i'm seeking guidance not solution in here, i'll tell you guys what i thinking in my head, what i think is the correct approach and in return ask for correction/guidance which will very much be appreciated. please note that i am an absolute beginner on Naïve Bayes algorithm, Data mining and in general programming so you might see stupid comments/calculations below: The training data set i'm given has 4 attributes/features that are numeric and normalized(in range[0 1]) using Weka (no missing values)and one nominal class(yes/no) 1) The data coming from a csv file is numeric HENCE * Given the attributes are numeric i use PDF (probability density function) formula. + To calculate the PDF in java i first separate the attributes based on whether they're in class yes or class no and hold them into different array (array class yes and array class no) + Then calculate the mean(sum of the values in row / number of values in that row) and standard divination for each of the 4 attributes (columns) of each class + Now to find PDF of a given value(n) i do (n-mean)^2/(2*SD^2), + Then to find P( yes | E) and P( no | E) i multiply the PDF value of all 4 given attributes and compare which is larger, which indicates the class it belongs to In temrs of Java, i'm using ArrayList of ArrayList and Double to store the attribute values. lastly i'm unsure how to to get new data? Should i ask for input file (like csv) or command prompt and ask for 4 values? I'll stop here for now (do have more questions) but I'm worried this won't get any responses given how long its got. I will really appreciate for those that give their time reading my problems and comment.

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  • Programmatically creating vector arrows in KML

    - by mettadore
    Does anyone have any practical examples of programmatically drawing icons as vectors in KML? Specifically, I have data with a magnitude and an azimuth at given coordinates, and I would like to have icons (or another graphical element) generated based on these values. Some thoughts on how I might approach it: Image directory (a brute force way): Make an image director of 360 different image files (probably batch rotate a single image) each pointing in a cooresponding azimuth. I've seen things like "Excel to KML," but am looking for code that I can use within a program, rather than a web utility. Issue: Arrow does not contain magnitude context, so that would have to be a label. I'd rather dynamically lengthen the arrow. Line creation in KML: Perhaps create a formula that creates a line with the origin at the coordinate points, with the length of the line proportional to the magnitute, and angled according to azimuth. There would then be two more lines, perhaps 30 degrees or so extending from the end of the previous line to make the arrow head. Issues: Not a separate image icon, so not sure how it would work in KML. Also not sure how easy it would be to generate this algorithm. Separate image generation: Perhaps create a PHP file that uses imagemagick or something similar to dynamically generate a .png file in a similar method to the above, and then link to the icon using the URI "domain.tld/imagegen.php?magnitude=magvalue&azimuth=azmvalue". Issue: Still have the problem of actually writing the algorithm for image generation. So, the question: has anyone else come up with solutions for programmatic vector (rather than merely arrow) generation?

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  • OpenStreetMap Proximity search using mySQL

    - by Chris
    Hi, I'm just playing around with a dataset of my region generated by JOSM. I moved it into a mySQL DB with the 0.6 API scheme using Osmosis and now I'm desperately trying the following: I want to get all streets of a city. AFAIK there is no tag/relation in the OSM data to determine this so I tried it using a proximity search to get all nodes in a radius around a node representing the city center. Most of the time I looked at the approaches here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/574691/mysql-great-circle-distance-haversine-formula What I got is the following SQL code that should get me the closest 100 nodes around the node with id 36187002 and within a radius of 10km. set @nodeid = 36187002; set @dist = 10; select longitude, latitude into @mylon, @mylat from nodes where id=@nodeid limit 1; SELECT id, ( 6371 * acos( cos( radians(@mylon) ) * cos( radians( latitude ) ) * cos( radians( longitude ) - radians(@mylat) ) + sin( radians(@mylon) ) * sin( radians( latitude ) ) ) ) AS distance FROM nodes HAVING distance < @dist ORDER BY distance LIMIT 0 , 100; Well.. it doesn't work. :( I guess the main problem is that OSM lats/lons are multiplied by 10.000.000 and I don't know how I can correct this function to make it work. Any ideas about this? All solutions/alternatives are very welcome! Have a nice weekend! Chris

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  • Resize transparent images using C#

    - by MartinHN
    Does anyone have the secret formula to resizing transparent images (mainly GIFs) without ANY quality loss - what so ever? I've tried a bunch of stuff, the closest I get is not good enough. Take a look at my main image: http://www.thewallcompany.dk/test/main.gif And then the scaled image: http://www.thewallcompany.dk/test/ScaledImage.gif //Internal resize for indexed colored images void IndexedRezise(int xSize, int ySize) { BitmapData sourceData; BitmapData targetData; AdjustSizes(ref xSize, ref ySize); scaledBitmap = new Bitmap(xSize, ySize, bitmap.PixelFormat); scaledBitmap.Palette = bitmap.Palette; sourceData = bitmap.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, bitmap.Width, bitmap.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, bitmap.PixelFormat); try { targetData = scaledBitmap.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, xSize, ySize), ImageLockMode.WriteOnly, scaledBitmap.PixelFormat); try { xFactor = (Double)bitmap.Width / (Double)scaledBitmap.Width; yFactor = (Double)bitmap.Height / (Double)scaledBitmap.Height; sourceStride = sourceData.Stride; sourceScan0 = sourceData.Scan0; int targetStride = targetData.Stride; System.IntPtr targetScan0 = targetData.Scan0; unsafe { byte* p = (byte*)(void*)targetScan0; int nOffset = targetStride - scaledBitmap.Width; int nWidth = scaledBitmap.Width; for (int y = 0; y < scaledBitmap.Height; ++y) { for (int x = 0; x < nWidth; ++x) { p[0] = GetSourceByteAt(x, y); ++p; } p += nOffset; } } } finally { scaledBitmap.UnlockBits(targetData); } } finally { bitmap.UnlockBits(sourceData); } } I'm using the above code, to do the indexed resizing. Does anyone have improvement ideas?

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  • How to optimize this algorithm?

    - by Bakhtiyor
    I have two sets of arrays like this for example. $Arr1['uid'][]='user 1'; $Arr1['weight'][]=1; $Arr1['uid'][]='user 2'; $Arr1['weight'][]=10; $Arr1['uid'][]='user 3'; $Arr1['weight'][]=5; $Arr2['uid'][]='user 1'; $Arr2['weight'][]=3; $Arr2['uid'][]='user 4'; $Arr2['weight'][]=20; $Arr2['uid'][]='user 5'; $Arr2['weight'][]=15; $Arr2['uid'][]='user 2'; $Arr2['weight'][]=2; The size of two arrays could be different of course. $Arr1 has coefficient of 0.7 and $Arr2 has coefficient of 0.3. I need to calculate following formula $result=$Arr1['weight'][$index]*$Arr1Coeff+$Arr2['weight'][$index]*$Arr2Coeff; where $Arr1['uid']=$Arr2['uid']. So when $Arr1['uid'] doesn't exists in $Arr2 then we need to omit $Arr2 and vice versa. And, here is an algorithm I am using now. foreach($Arr1['uid'] as $index=>$arr1_uid){ $pos=array_search($arr1_uid, $Arr2['uid']); if ($pos===false){ $result=$Arr1['weight'][$index]*$Arr1Coeff; echo "<br>$arr1_uid has not found and RES=".$result; }else{ $result=$Arr1['weight'][$index]*$Arr1Coeff+$Arr2['weight'][$pos]*$Arr2Coeff; echo "<br>$arr1_uid has found on $pos and RES=".$result; } } foreach($Arr2['uid'] as $index=>$arr2_uid){ if (!in_array($arr2_uid, $Arr1['uid'])){ $result=$Arr2['weight'][$index]*$Arr2Coeff; echo "<br>$arr2_uid has not found and RES=".$result; }else{ echo "<br>$arr2_uid has found somewhere"; } } The question is how can I optimize this algorithm? Can you offer other better solution for this problem? Thank you.

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  • Required Working Precision for the BBP Algorithm?

    - by brainfsck
    Hello, I'm looking to compute the nth digit of Pi in a low-memory environment. As I don't have decimals available to me, this integer-only BBP algorithm in Python has been a great starting point. I only need to calculate one digit of Pi at a time. How can I determine the lowest I can set D, the "number of digits of working precision"? D=4 gives me many correct digits, but a few digits will be off by one. For example, computing digit 393 with precision of 4 gives me 0xafda, from which I extract the digit 0xa. However, the correct digit is 0xb. No matter how high I set D, it seems that testing a sufficient number of digits finds an one where the formula returns an incorrect value. I've tried upping the precision when the digit is "close" to another, e.g. 0x3fff or 0x1000, but cannot find any good definition of "close"; for instance, calculating at digit 9798 gives me 0xcde6 , which is not very close to 0xd000, but the correct digit is 0xd. Can anyone help me figure out how much working precision is needed to calculate a given digit using this algorithm? Thank you,

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  • Quadratic Bezier Curve: Calculate Tangent

    - by stefan.at.wpf
    I have a quadratic bezier curve and I want to calculate the slope of the tangent in a given point. For example, let it be the middlepoint of the quadratic bezier curve, therefore t=0.5 (please see the link below for a picture of this). I've calculated the first derivative of the formula for the quadratic bezier curve; however I get 400 as value for the slope, though it should be 0. Maybe I'm using the first derivative in a wrong way? I know I could also calculate the tangents using trigonometric functions; however I'd like to do it using the first derivative, shouldn't this be possible? Thanks for any hint! For clarification / please note: I'm interested in a general way to get the slope in a arbitrary given point on a quadratic bezier curve, not only to get the tangent in the start- and end point. A picture of my problem including the text above: http://cid-0432ee4cfe9c26a0.skydrive.live.com/self.aspx/%c3%96ffentlich/Quadratic%20Bezier%20Curve.pdf Thank you very much for any hint!

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  • Anyone got a nifty credit expiry algorithm?

    - by garethkeenan
    Our website uses a credit system to allow users to purchase inexpensive digital goods (eg. photos). We use credits, rather than asking the user to pay for items individually, because the items are cheap and we are trying to keep our credit-card/PayPal overhead low. Because we aren't a bank, we have to expire credits after a certain amount of time. We expire deposit credits after a year, but other types of credits (bonuses, prizes, refunds) may have a different shelf-life. When a buyer buys an item, we spend the credit that is going to expire first. Our current system keeps track of every deposit by storing the original value and the remainder to be spent. We keep a list of all purchases as well, of course. I am currently moving to a system which is much more like a traditional double-entry accounting system. A deposit will create a ledger item, increasing the user's 'spending' account balance. Every purchase will also create a ledger item, decreasing the user's 'spending' account balance. The new system has running balances, while the old system does not, which greatly improves our ability to find problems and do reconciliations. We do not want to use the old system of keeping a 'remainder' value attached to each deposit record because it is inefficient to replay a user's activities to calculate what the remainder of each deposit is over time (for the user's statement). So, after all of this verbose introduction, my question is "Does anyone else out there have a similar system of expiring credits?" If you could describe how you calculate expired credits it would be a great help. If all expired credits had the exact same shelf life, we would be able to calculate the expired amount using: Total Deposits - Total Spending - Deposits Not Due To Expire = Amount to Expire However, because deposits can have different shelf lives, this formula does not work because more than one deposit can be partially spent at any given time.

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  • ANOVA with 3 fixed factors in R

    - by TKBell
    Im trying to run a model with a response variable p and 3 fixed factors to get ANOVA. this is how my code looks like : #run it as 3 fixed factor model p1=c(37,38,37,41,41,40,41,42,41) p2=c(42,41,43,42,42,42,43,42,43) p3=c(30,31,31,31,31,31,29,30,28) p4=c(42,43,42,43,43,43,42,42,42) p5=c(28,30,29,29,30,29,31,29,29) p6=c(42,42,43,45,45,45,44,46,45) p7=c(25,26,27,28,28,30,29,27,27) p8=c(40,40,40,43,42,42,43,43,41) p9=c(37,38,37,41,41,40,41,42,41) p10=c(35,34,34,35,35,34,35,34,35) p = cbind(p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,p6,p7,p8,p9,p10) partnumber=c(rep(1,9),rep(2,9),rep(3,9),rep(4,9),rep(5,9),rep(6,9),rep(7,9),rep(8,9),rep(9,9),rep(10,9)) test=c(rep(c(rep(1:3,3)),10)) inspector = rep(c(rep(1,3),rep(2,3),rep(3,3)),10) fpartnumber = factor(partnumber) ftest = factor(test) finspector = factor(inspector) model=lm(p~fpartnumber*ftest*finspector) summary(model) anova(model) but when I run it I get this error : it says my variable length for fpartnumber is different , but when I checked the length of each variable and is 90. What is going on ? model=lm(y~fpartnumber*ftest*finspector) Error in model.frame.default(formula = yang ~ fpartnumber * ftest * finspector, : variable lengths differ (found for 'fpartnumber')

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  • Increase performance on iphone at pdf rendering

    - by burki
    Hi! I have a UITableView, and in every cell there's displayed a UIImage created from a pdf. But now the performance is very bad. Here's my code I use to generate the UIImage from the PDF. Creating CGPDFDocumentRef and UIImageView (in cellForRowAtIndexPath method): ... CFURLRef pdfURL = CFBundleCopyResourceURL(CFBundleGetMainBundle(), (CFStringRef)formula.icon, NULL, NULL); CGPDFDocumentRef documentRef = CGPDFDocumentCreateWithURL((CFURLRef)pdfURL); CFRelease(pdfURL); UIImageView *imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[self imageFromPDFWithDocumentRef:documentRef]]; ... Generate UIImage: - (UIImage *)imageFromPDFWithDocumentRef:(CGPDFDocumentRef)documentRef { CGPDFPageRef pageRef = CGPDFDocumentGetPage(documentRef, 1); CGRect pageRect = CGPDFPageGetBoxRect(pageRef, kCGPDFCropBox); UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(pageRect.size); CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext(); CGContextTranslateCTM(context, CGRectGetMinX(pageRect),CGRectGetMaxY(pageRect)); CGContextScaleCTM(context, 1, -1); CGContextTranslateCTM(context, -(pageRect.origin.x), -(pageRect.origin.y)); CGContextDrawPDFPage(context, pageRef); UIImage *finalImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext(); UIGraphicsEndImageContext(); return finalImage; } What can I do to increas the speed and keep the memory low?

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  • Excel VBA Select Case Loop Sub

    - by Zack
    In my excel file, I have a table setup with formulas. with Cells from Range("B2:B12"), Range ("D2:D12"), and etc every other row containing the answers to these formulas. for these cells (with the formula answers), I need to apply conditional formatting, but I have 7 conditions, so I've been using "select case" in VBA to change their interior background based on their number. I have the select case function currently set up within the sheet code, as opposed to it's own macro Private Sub Worksheet_Change(ByVal Target As Range) Dim iColor As Integer If Not Intersect(Target, Range("B2:L12")) Is Nothing Then Select Case Target Case 0 iColor = 2 Case 0.01 To 0.49 iColor = 36 Case 0.5 To 0.99 iColor = 6 Case 1 To 1.99 iColor = 44 Case 2 To 2.49 iColor = 45 Case 2.5 To 2.99 iColor = 46 Case 3 To 5 iColor = 3 End Select Target.Interior.ColorIndex = iColor End If End Sub but using this method, you must be actually entering the value into the cell for the formatting to work. which is why I want to write a subroutine to to do this as a macro. I can input my data, let the formulas work, and when everything is ready, I can run the macro and format those specific cells. I want an easy way to do this, obviously I could waste a load of time, typing out all the cases for every cell, but I figured it'd be easier with a loop. how would I go about writing a select case loop to change the formatting on a a specific range of cells every other row? thank you in advance.

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  • Finding intersection of two spheres

    - by Onkar Deshpande
    Hi, Consider the following problem - I am given 2 links of length L0 and L1. P0 is the point that the first link starts at and P1 is the point that I want the end of second link to be at in 3-D space. I am supposed to write a function that should take in these 3-D points (P0 and P1) as inputs and should find all configurations of the links that put the second link's end point at P1. My understanding of how to go about it is - Each link L0 and L1 will create a sphere S0 and S1 around itself. I should find out the intersection of those two spheres (which will be a circle) and print all points that are on the circumference of that circle. I saw gmatt's first reply on the http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1406375/finding-intersection-points-between-3-spheres but could not understand it properly since the images did not show up. I also saw a formula for finding out the intersection at mathworld[dot]wolfram[dot]com/Sphere-SphereIntersection[dot]html . I could find the radius of intersection by the method given on mathworld. Also I can find the center of that circle and then use the parametric equation of circle to find the points. The only doubt that I have is will this method work for the points P0 and P1 mentioned above ? Please comment and let me know your thoughts.

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  • Calculating bounding grid coordinates to a user click on google maps/google earth

    - by user170304
    Hello, I have a requirement to calculate the centroid or geodesic midpoint of when a user clicks in between the lat/long grid crossing. The crossing forms a square in most parts of GE and sometimes elongated rectangles. This is due to the shape of the earth of course. I'm looking for a valid mathematical formula that would allow a user to click anywhere in between this grid and then an accurate function (in Javascript or server side code) that would take an assumed grid resolution (say 1km intervals for this discussion) and the input coordinates that should return a centroid coordinate within that graticule grid. To clarify please take a look at the attached image to my google group post: http://google-earth-api.googlegroups.com/web/Picture+5.png?gda=h5oFPz8AAAD315KpovipQeBwdfGpmW3ZhBc9PTADwYa-n193hZ6AItFmHuno63c7phcEXYVuRA6ccyFKn-rNKC-d1pM%5FIdV0&gsc=sz6bbAsAAABBKF7YXWYyc4GmXg-QruHj What I need to be able to do is if a user clicks anywhere in this grid square, I need to find the centroid or center point of that grid intersection/square or at least the bounding grid coordinates (that make the square). If we assume that the grid is UTM standard and has a max resolution of 1km (or make this a parameter), I need to detect the four other points nearby and then calculating the centroid is not as difficult. I welcome any feedback you all may have and appreciate it. I don't have a simple way of letting a user click anywhere on the grid and finding the grid bounding coordinates (making a square of 4 coordinates) or the centroid / midpoint of the graticule grid square necessary. One thought is to use assumptions as much as possible using a reference such as UTM coordinate reference. If I assume that the grid is X degrees wide, can we have a pure javascript function take any input coordinate and return for me the bounding graticule coordinates in Decimal Degrees? Another thought I had was to create the grid in a geo-spatial layer to take any input coordinate and return the nearest centroid of the graticule? Does this make sense? Thanks! Omar

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  • How can I test that my hash function is good in terms of max-load?

    - by philcolbourn
    I have read through various papers on the 'Balls and Bins' problem and it seems that if a hash function is working right (ie. it is effectively a random distribution) then the following should/must be true if I hash n values into a hash table with n slots (or bins): Probability that a bin is empty, for large n is 1/e. Expected number of empty bins is n/e. Probability that a bin has k collisions is <= 1/k!. Probability that a bin has at least k collisions is <= (e/k)**k. These look easy to check. But the max-load test (the maximum number of collisions with high probability) is usually stated vaguely. Most texts state that the maximum number of collisions in any bin is O( ln(n) / ln(ln(n)) ). Some say it is 3*ln(n) / ln(ln(n)). Other papers mix ln and log - usually without defining them, or state that log is log base e and then use ln elsewhere. Is ln the log to base e or 2 and is this max-load formula right and how big should n be to run a test? This lecture seems to cover it best, but I am no mathematician. http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~shuchi/courses/787-F07/scribe-notes/lecture07.pdf BTW, with high probability seems to mean 1 - 1/n.

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  • Efficient way of calculating average difference of array elements from array average value

    - by Saysmaster
    Is there a way to calculate the average distance of array elements from array average value, by only "visiting" each array element once? (I search for an algorithm) Example: Array : [ 1 , 5 , 4 , 9 , 6 ] Average : ( 1 + 5 + 4 + 9 + 6 ) / 5 = 5 Distance Array : [|1-5|, |5-5|, |4-5|, |9-5|, |6-5|] = [4 , 0 , 1 , 4 , 1 ] Average Distance : ( 4 + 0 + 1 + 4 + 1 ) / 5 = 2 The simple algorithm needs 2 passes. 1st pass) Reads and accumulates values, then divides the result by array length to calculate average value of array elements. 2nd pass) Reads values, accumulates each one's distance from the previously calculated average value, and then divides the result by array length to find the average distance of the elements from the average value of the array. The two passes are identical. It is the classic algorithm of calculating the average of a set of values. The first one takes as input the elements of the array, the second one the distances of each element from the array's average value. Calculating the average can be modified to not accumulate the values, but caclulating the average "on the fly" as we sequentialy read the elements from the array. The formula is: Compute Running Average of Array's elements ------------------------------------------- RA[i] = E[i] {for i == 1} RA[i] = RA[i-1] - RA[i-1]/i + A[i]/i { for i > 1 } Where A[x] is the array's element at position x, RA[x] is the average of the array's elements between position 1 and x (running average). My question is: Is there a similar algorithm, to calculate "on the fly" (as we read the array's elements), the average distance of the elements from the array's mean value? The problem is that, as we read the array's elements, the final average value of the array is not known. Only the running average is known. So calculating differences from the running average will not yield the correct result. I suppose, if such algorithm exists, it probably should have the "ability" to compensate, in a way, on each new element read for the error calculated as far.

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  • What is the best way to auto-generate INSERT statements for a SQL Server table?

    - by JosephStyons
    We are writing a new application, and while testing, we will need a bunch of dummy data. I've added that data by using MS Access to dump excel files into the relevant tables. Every so often, we want to "refresh" the relevant tables, which means dropping them all, re-creating them, and running a saved MS Access append query. The first part (dropping & re-creating) is an easy sql script, but the last part makes me cringe. I want a single setup script that has a bunch of INSERTs to regenerate the dummy data. I have the data in the tables now. What is the best way to automatically generate a big list of INSERT statements from that dataset? I'm thinking of something like in TOAD (for Oracle) where you can right-click on a grid and click Save As-Insert Statements, and it will just dump a big sql script wherever you want. The only way I can think of doing it is to save the table to an excel sheet and then write an excel formula to create an INSERT for every row, which is surely not the best way. I'm using the 2008 Management Studio to connect to a SQL Server 2005 database.

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  • subtotals in columns usind reshape2 in R

    - by user1043144
    I have spent some time now learning RESHAPE2 and plyr but I still do not get it. This time I have a problem with (a) subtotals and (b) passing different aggregate functions . Here an example using data from the excellent tutorial on the blog of mrdwab http://news.mrdwab.com/ # libraries library(plyr) library(reshape2) # get data and add few more variables book.sales = read.csv("http://news.mrdwab.com/data-booksales") book.sales$Stock = book.sales$Quantity + 10 book.sales$SubjCat[(book.sales$Subject == 'Economics') | (book.sales$Subject == 'Management') ] <- '1_EconSciences' book.sales$SubjCat[book.sales$Subject %in% c('Anthropology', 'Politics', 'Sociology') ] <- '2_SocSciences' book.sales$SubjCat[book.sales$Subject %in% c('Communication', 'Fiction', 'History', 'Research', 'Statistics') ] <- '3_other' # to get to my starting dataframe (close to the project I am working on) book.sales1 <- ddply(book.sales, c('Region', 'Representative', 'SubjCat', 'Subject', 'Publisher'), summarize, Stock = sum(Stock), Sold = sum(Quantity), Ratio = round((100 * sum(Quantity)/ sum(Stock)), digits = 1)) #melt it m.book.sales = melt(data = book.sales1, id.vars = c('Region', 'Representative', 'SubjCat', 'Subject', 'Publisher'), measured.vars = c('Stock', 'Sold', 'Ratio')) # cast it Tab1 <- dcast(data = m.book.sales, formula = Region + Representative ~ Publisher + variable, fun.aggregate = sum, margins = c('Region', 'Representative')) Now my questions : I have been able to add the subtotals in rows. But is it possible also to add margins in the columns. Say for example, Totals of Stock for one Publisher ? Sorry I meant to say example total sold for all publishers There is a problem with the columns with “ratio”. How can I get “mean” instead of “sum” for this variable ? P.S: I have seen some examples using reshape. Will you recommend to use it instead of reshape2 (which seems not to include the functionalities of two functions).

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  • Pass a data.frame column name to a function

    - by Kevin Middleton
    I'm trying to write a function to accept a data.frame (x) and a column from it. The function performs some calculations on x and later returns another data.frame. I'm stuck on the best-practices method to pass the column name to the function. The two minimal examples fun1 and fun2 below produce the desired result, being able to perform operations on x$column, using max() as an example. However, both rely on the seemingly (at least to me) inelegant (1) call to substitute() and possibly eval() and (2) the need to pass the column name as a character vector. fun1 <- function(x, column){ do.call("max", list(substitute(x[a], list(a = column)))) } fun2 <- function(x, column){ max(eval((substitute(x[a], list(a = column))))) } df <- data.frame(A = 1:20, B = rnorm(10)) fun1(df, "B") fun2(df, "B") I would like to be able to call the function as fun(df, B), for example. Other options I have considered but have not tried: Pass column as an integer of the column number. I think this would avoid substitute(). Ideally, the function could accept either. with(x, get(column)), but, even if it works, I think this would still require substitute Make use of formula() and match.call(), neither of which I have much experience with. Subquestion: Is do.call() preferred over eval()? Thanks, Kevin

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  • UI Design, incase of numerous situations

    - by The King
    Hi... I'm creating a web form, where in there are around 12-15 Input Fields... You can have a look at the screen and The request is such that depending on the data the user selects in the Gridview and the DropDown list, the appropriate Textboxes and CheckBoxes needs to be displayed. Some times the conditions are very direct, like when the DDL value is "ABC", get only paid amount from the user. Sometime they are so complex like... IF DDL is "DEF" and Selected GPMS value is between 1000-2000, calculate the values of allowed, paid etc (using some formula) and the focus should be directed to Page No Field, leaving the other fields open incase user wants to edit... There are around 10-15 conditions like this. As this was done through agile, conditions were being added as and when, and wherever it feels appropriate (DDL on change Event, GridView on selecting change event etc... etc..) After completion, now I see the code has become a big chuck, is growing unmanageably... Now, I'm planning to clear this... From you experience, what you think is the best way to handle this. There is a possibility to add more conditions like this in future... Please let me know, incase you need more information. I'm currently developing this app in C# .Net WindowsForms Edit: Currently there are only three items (The Datagrid, the DDL, the OverrideAmt CheckBox) that change the way other fields behave... Almost all of the conditions will fall between the two situations I mentioned... Mostly they belong to "Enabling/Disabling".. "Setting of Values"... and "Changing Focus" or any combination of these.

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  • Adaptive user interface/environment algorithm

    - by WowtaH
    Hi all, I'm working on an information system (in C#) that (while my users use it) gathers statistical data on what pieces of information (tables & records) each user is requesting the most, and what parts of the interface he/she uses most. I'm using this statistical data to make the application adaptive to the user's needs, both in the way the interface presents itself (eg: tab/pane-ordering) as in the way of using the frequently viewed information to (eg:) show higher in search results/suggestion-lists. What i'm looking for is an algorithm/formula to determine the current 'hotness'/relevance of these objects for a specific user. A simple 'hitcounter' for each object won't be sufficient because the user might view some information quite frequently for a period of time, and then moving on to the next, making the old information less relevant. So i think my algorithm also needs some sort of sliding/historical principle to account for the changing popularity of the objects in the application over time. So, the question is: Does anybody have some sort of algorithm that accounts for that 'popularity over time' ? Preferably with some explanation on the parameters :) Thanks! PS I've looked at other posts like http://stackoverflow.com/questions/32397/popularity-algorithm but i could't quite port it to my specific case. Any help is appreciated.

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  • Inner angle between two lines

    - by ocell
    Hi folks, I have two lines: Line1 and Line2. Each line is defined by two points (P1L1(x1, y1), P2L1(x2, y2) and P1L1(x1, y1), P2L3(x2, y3)). I want to know the inner angle defined by these two lines. For do it I calculate the angle of each line with the abscissa: double theta1 = atan(m1) * (180.0 / PI); double theta2 = atan(m2) * (180.0 / PI); After to know the angle I calculate the following: double angle = abs(theta2 - theta1); The problem or doubt that I have is: sometimes I get the correct angle but sometimes I get the complementary angle (for me outer). How can I know when subtract 180º to know the inner angle? There is any algorithm better to do that? Because I tried some methods: dot product, following formula: result = (m1 - m2) / (1.0 + (m1 * m2)); But always I have the same problem; I never known when I have the outer angle or the inner angle! Thanks in advance for reading my trouble and for your time! Oscar.

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