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  • Unity - Invert Movement Direction

    - by m41n
    I am currently developing a 2,5D Sidescroller in Unity (just starting to get to know it). Right now I added a turn-script to have my character face the appropriate direction of movement, though something with the movement itself is behaving oddly now. When I press the right arrow key, the character moves and faces towards the right. If I press the left arrow key, the character faces towards the left, but "moon-walks" to the right. I allready had enough trouble getting the turning to work, so what I am trying is to find a simple solution, if possible without too much reworking of the rest of my project. I was thinking of just inverting the movement direction for a specific input-key/facing-direction. So if anyone knows how to do something like that, I'd be thankful for the help. If it helps, the following is the current part of my "AnimationChooser" script to handle the turning: Quaternion targetf = Quaternion.Euler(0, 270, 0); // Vector3 Direction when facing frontway Quaternion targetb = Quaternion.Euler(0, 90, 0); // Vector3 Direction when facing opposite way if (Input.GetAxisRaw ("Vertical") < 0.0f) // if input is lower than 0 turn to targetf { transform.rotation = Quaternion.Lerp(transform.rotation, targetf, Time.deltaTime * smooth); } if (Input.GetAxisRaw ("Vertical") > 0.0f) // if input is higher than 0 turn to targetb { transform.rotation = Quaternion.Lerp(transform.rotation, targetb, Time.deltaTime * smooth); } The Values (270 and 90) and Axis are because I had to turn my model itself in the very first place to face towards any of the movement directions.

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  • 2D metaball liquid effect - how to feed output of one rendering pass as input to another shader

    - by Guye Incognito
    I'm attempting to make a shader for unity3d web project. I want to implement something like in the great answer by DMGregory in this question. in order to achieve a final look something like this.. Its metaballs with specular and shading. The steps to make this shader are. 1. Convert the feathered blobs into a heightmap. 2. Generate a normalmap from the heightmap 3. Feed the normal map and height map into a standard unity shader, for instance transparent parallax specular. I pretty much have all the pieces I need assembled but I am new to shaders and need help putting them together I can generate a heightmap from the blobs using some fragment shader code I wrote (I'm just using the red channel here cus i dont know if you can access the brightness) half4 frag (v2f i) : COLOR{ half4 texcol,finalColor; texcol = tex2D (_MainTex, i.uv); finalColor=_MyColor; if(texcol.r<_botmcut) { finalColor.r= 0; } else if((texcol.r>_topcut)) { finalColor.r= 0; } else { float r = _topcut-_botmcut; float xpos = _topcut - texcol.r; finalColor.r= (_botmcut + sqrt((xpos*xpos)-(r*r)))/_constant; } return finalColor; } turns these blobs.. into this heightmap Also I've found some CG code that generates a normal map from a height map. The bit of code that makes the normal map from finite differences is here void surf (Input IN, inout SurfaceOutput o) { o.Albedo = fixed3(0.5); float3 normal = UnpackNormal(tex2D(_BumpMap, IN.uv_MainTex)); float me = tex2D(_HeightMap,IN.uv_MainTex).x; float n = tex2D(_HeightMap,float2(IN.uv_MainTex.x,IN.uv_MainTex.y+1.0/_HeightmapDimY)).x; float s = tex2D(_HeightMap,float2(IN.uv_MainTex.x,IN.uv_MainTex.y-1.0/_HeightmapDimY)).x; float e = tex2D(_HeightMap,float2(IN.uv_MainTex.x-1.0/_HeightmapDimX,IN.uv_MainTex.y)).x; float w = tex2D(_HeightMap,float2(IN.uv_MainTex.x+1.0/_HeightmapDimX,IN.uv_MainTex.y)).x; float3 norm = normal; float3 temp = norm; //a temporary vector that is not parallel to norm if(norm.x==1) temp.y+=0.5; else temp.x+=0.5; //form a basis with norm being one of the axes: float3 perp1 = normalize(cross(norm,temp)); float3 perp2 = normalize(cross(norm,perp1)); //use the basis to move the normal in its own space by the offset float3 normalOffset = -_HeightmapStrength * ( ( (n-me) - (s-me) ) * perp1 + ( ( e - me ) - ( w - me ) ) * perp2 ); norm += normalOffset; norm = normalize(norm); o.Normal = norm; } Also here is the built-in transparent parallax specular shader for unity. Shader "Transparent/Parallax Specular" { Properties { _Color ("Main Color", Color) = (1,1,1,1) _SpecColor ("Specular Color", Color) = (0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0) _Shininess ("Shininess", Range (0.01, 1)) = 0.078125 _Parallax ("Height", Range (0.005, 0.08)) = 0.02 _MainTex ("Base (RGB) TransGloss (A)", 2D) = "white" {} _BumpMap ("Normalmap", 2D) = "bump" {} _ParallaxMap ("Heightmap (A)", 2D) = "black" {} } SubShader { Tags {"Queue"="Transparent" "IgnoreProjector"="True" "RenderType"="Transparent"} LOD 600 CGPROGRAM #pragma surface surf BlinnPhong alpha #pragma exclude_renderers flash sampler2D _MainTex; sampler2D _BumpMap; sampler2D _ParallaxMap; fixed4 _Color; half _Shininess; float _Parallax; struct Input { float2 uv_MainTex; float2 uv_BumpMap; float3 viewDir; }; void surf (Input IN, inout SurfaceOutput o) { half h = tex2D (_ParallaxMap, IN.uv_BumpMap).w; float2 offset = ParallaxOffset (h, _Parallax, IN.viewDir); IN.uv_MainTex += offset; IN.uv_BumpMap += offset; fixed4 tex = tex2D(_MainTex, IN.uv_MainTex); o.Albedo = tex.rgb * _Color.rgb; o.Gloss = tex.a; o.Alpha = tex.a * _Color.a; o.Specular = _Shininess; o.Normal = UnpackNormal(tex2D(_BumpMap, IN.uv_BumpMap)); } ENDCG } FallBack "Transparent/Bumped Specular" }

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  • Libnoise producing completely random noise

    - by Doodlemeat
    I am using libnoise in C++ taken and I have some problems with getting coherent noise. I mean, the noise produced now are completely random and it doesn't look like a noise. Here's a to the image produced by my game. I am diving the map into several chunks, but I can't seem to find any problem doing that since libnoise supports tileable noise. The code can be found below. Every chunk is 8x8 tiles large. Every tile is 64x64 pixels. I am also providing a link to download the entire project. It was made in Visual Studio 2013. Download link This is the code for generating a chunk Chunk *World::loadChunk(sf::Vector2i pPosition) { sf::Vector2i chunkPos = pPosition; pPosition.x *= mChunkTileSize.x; pPosition.y *= mChunkTileSize.y; sf::FloatRect bounds(static_cast<sf::Vector2f>(pPosition), sf::Vector2f(static_cast<float>(mChunkTileSize.x), static_cast<float>(mChunkTileSize.y))); utils::NoiseMap heightMap; utils::NoiseMapBuilderPlane heightMapBuilder; heightMapBuilder.SetSourceModule(mNoiseModule); heightMapBuilder.SetDestNoiseMap(heightMap); heightMapBuilder.SetDestSize(mChunkTileSize.x, mChunkTileSize.y); heightMapBuilder.SetBounds(bounds.left, bounds.left + bounds.width - 1, bounds.top, bounds.top + bounds.height - 1); heightMapBuilder.Build(); Chunk *chunk = new Chunk(this); chunk->setPosition(chunkPos); chunk->buildChunk(&heightMap); chunk->setTexture(&mTileset); mChunks.push_back(chunk); return chunk; } This is the code for building the chunk void Chunk::buildChunk(utils::NoiseMap *pHeightMap) { // Resize the tiles space mTiles.resize(pHeightMap->GetWidth()); for (int x = 0; x < mTiles.size(); x++) { mTiles[x].resize(pHeightMap->GetHeight()); } // Set vertices type and size mVertices.setPrimitiveType(sf::Quads); mVertices.resize(pHeightMap->GetWidth() * pHeightMap->GetWidth() * 4); // Get the offset position of all tiles position sf::Vector2i tileSize = mWorld->getTileSize(); sf::Vector2i chunkSize = mWorld->getChunkSize(); sf::Vector2f offsetPositon = sf::Vector2f(mPosition); offsetPositon.x *= chunkSize.x; offsetPositon.y *= chunkSize.y; // Build tiles for (int x = 0; x < mTiles.size(); x++) { for (int y = 0; y < mTiles[x].size(); y++) { // Sometimes libnoise can return a value over 1.0, better be sure to cap the top and bottom.. float heightValue = pHeightMap->GetValue(x, y); if (heightValue > 1.f) heightValue = 1.f; if (heightValue < -1.f) heightValue = -1.f; // Instantiate a new Tile object with the noise value, this doesn't do anything yet.. mTiles[x][y] = new Tile(this, pHeightMap->GetValue(x, y)); // Get a pointer to the current tile's quad sf::Vertex *quad = &mVertices[(y + x * pHeightMap->GetWidth()) * 4]; quad[0].position = sf::Vector2f(offsetPositon.x + x * tileSize.x, offsetPositon.y + y * tileSize.y); quad[1].position = sf::Vector2f(offsetPositon.x + (x + 1) * tileSize.x, offsetPositon.y + y * tileSize.y); quad[2].position = sf::Vector2f(offsetPositon.x + (x + 1) * tileSize.x, offsetPositon.y + (y + 1) * tileSize.y); quad[3].position = sf::Vector2f(offsetPositon.x + x * tileSize.x, offsetPositon.y + (y + 1) * tileSize.y); // find out which type of tile to render, atm only air or stone TileStop *tilestop = mWorld->getTileStopAt(heightValue); sf::Vector2i texturePos = tilestop->getTexturePosition(); // define its 4 texture coordinates quad[0].texCoords = sf::Vector2f(texturePos.x, texturePos.y); quad[1].texCoords = sf::Vector2f(texturePos.x + 64, texturePos.y); quad[2].texCoords = sf::Vector2f(texturePos.x + 64, texturePos.y + 64); quad[3].texCoords = sf::Vector2f(texturePos.x, texturePos.y + 64); } } } All the code that uses libnoise in some way are World.cpp, World.h and Chunk.cpp, Chunk.h in the project.

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  • Rotate an image in a scaled context

    - by nathan
    Here is my working piece of code to rotate an image toward a point (in my case, the mouse cursor). float dx = newx - ploc.x; float dy = newy - ploc.y; float angle = (float) Math.toDegrees(Math.atan2(dy, dx)); Where ploc is the location of the image i'm rotating. And here is the rendering code: g.rotate(loc.x + width / 2, loc.y + height / 2, angle); g.drawImage(frame, loc.x, loc.y); Where loc is the location of the image and "width" and "height" are respectively the width and height of the image. What changes are needed to make it works on a scaled context? e.g make it works with something like g.scale(sx, sy).

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  • Dividing up spritesheet in Javascript

    - by hustlerinc
    I would like to implement an object for my spritesheets in Javascript. I'm very new to this language and game-developement so I dont really know how to do it. My guess is I set spritesize to 16, use that to divide as many times as it fits on the spritesheet and store this value as "spritesheet". Then a for(i=0;i<spritesheet.length;i++) loop running over the coordinates. Then tile = new Image(); and tile.src = spritesheet[i] to store the individual sprites based on their coordinates on the spritesheet. My problem is how could I loop trough the spritesheet and make an array of that? The result should be similar to: var tile = Array( "img/ground.png", "img/crate.png" ); If possible this would be done with one single object that i only access once, and the tile array would be stored for later reference. I couldn't find anything similar searching for "javascript spritesheet". Edit: I made a small prototype of what I'm after: function Sprite(){ this.size = 16; this.spritesheet = new Image(); this.spritesheet.src = 'img/spritesheet.png'; this.countX = this.spritesheet.width / 16; this.countY = this.spritesheet.height / 16; this.spriteCount = this.countX * this.countY; this.divide = function(){ for(i=0;i<this.spriteCount;i++){ // define spritesheet coordinates and store as tile[i] } } } Am I on the right track?

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  • can't spot the error. Trying to increment

    - by Kevin Jensen Petersen
    I really can't spot the error, or the misspelling. This script should increase the variable currentTime with 1 every second, as long as i am holding the Space button down. This is Unity C#. using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class GameTimer : MonoBehaviour { //Timer private bool isTimeDone; public GUIText counter; public int currentTime; private bool starting; //Each message will be shown random each 20 seconds. public string[] messages; public GUIText msg; //To check if this is the end private bool end; void Update () { counter.guiText.text = currentTime.ToString(); if(Input.GetKey(KeyCode.Space)) { if(starting == false) { starting = true; } if(end == false) { if(isTimeDone) { StartCoroutine(timer()); } } else { msg.guiText.text = "You think you can do better? Press 'R' to Try again!"; if(Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.R)) { Application.LoadLevel(Application.loadedLevel); } } } if(!Input.GetKey(KeyCode.Space) & starting) { end = true; } } IEnumerator timer() { isTimeDone = false; yield return new WaitForSeconds(1); currentTime++; isTimeDone = true; } }

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  • how to make HLSL effect just for lighning without texture mapping?

    - by naprox
    I'm new to XNA, i created an effect and just want to use lightning but in default effect that XNA create we should do texture mapping or the model appears 'RED', because of this lines of code in the effect file: float4 PixelShaderFunction(VertexShaderOutput input) : COLOR0 { float4 output = float4(1,0,0,1); return output; } and if i want to see my model (appear like when i use basiceffect) must do texture mapping by UV coordinates. but my model does not have UV coordinates assigned or its UV coordinates is not exported. and if i do texture mapping i got error. (i do texture mapping by this line of code in vertexshaderfunction and other necessary codes) output.UV= input.UV i have many of this models and want to work with them.(my models are in .FBX format) when i use Bassiceffect i have no problem and model appears correctly. how can i use "just" lightnings in my custom effects? and don't do texture mapping (because i have no UV coordinates in my models) and my model be look like when i use BasicEffect? if you need my complete code Here it is: http://www.mediafire.com/?4jexhd4ulm2icm2 here is inside of my Model Using BasicEffect http://i.imgur.com/ygP2h.jpg?1 and this is my code for drawing with or without BasicEffect inside of my draw() method: Matrix baseWorld = Matrix.CreateScale(Scale) * Matrix.CreateFromYawPitchRoll(Rotation.Y, Rotation.X, Rotation.Z) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(Position); foreach(ModelMesh mesh in Model.Meshes) { Matrix localWorld = ModelTransforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * baseWorld; foreach(ModelMeshPart part in mesh.MeshParts) { Effect effect = part.Effect; if (effect is BasicEffect) { ((BasicEffect)effect).World = localWorld; ((BasicEffect)effect).View = View; ((BasicEffect)effect).Projection = Projection; ((BasicEffect)effect).EnableDefaultLighting(); } else { setEffectParameter(effect, "World", localWorld); setEffectParameter(effect, "View", View); setEffectParameter(effect, "Projection", Projection); setEffectParameter(effect, "CameraPosition", CameraPosition); } } mesh.Draw(); } setEffectParameter is another method that sets effect parameter if i use my custom effect.

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  • Creating practically solvable 15 puzzle inputs

    - by Ashwin
    I am now developing a 15 puzzle game. I know the method to detect unsolvable puzzles. But unlike 8-puzzle, solution for 15-puzzle takes quite long time for some input states and can be solved within 5 seconds some other set of input states. Now the problem is that I cannot give the user(the player), a problem for which the solution takes more than 10 seconds(if he/she chooses to see the solution). So what I want is that when I initially shuffle the puzzle, I want to only present those puzzles which can be solved within 10 seconds. There must be some way to determine the hardness of the puzzle. I tried searching the net but could not find it. Does anyone know a way of determining the hardness of a puzzle? NOTE : I am using A* algorithm to find out the solution on a computer with 3GB RAM and 2.27GHZ processor.

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  • Better data structure for a game like Bubble Witch

    - by CrociDB
    I'm implementing a bubble-witch-like game (http://www.king.com/games/puzzle-games/bubble-witch/), and I was thinking on what's the better way to store the "bubbles" and to work with. I thought of using graphs, but that might be too complex for a trivial thing. Thought of a matrix, just like a tile map, but that might get too 'workaroundy'. I don't know. I'll be doing in Flash/AS3, though. Thanks. :)

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  • Appropriate level of granularity for component-based architecture

    - by Jon Purdy
    I'm working on a game with a component-based architecture. An Entity owns a set of Component instances, each of which has a set of Slot instances with which to store, send, and receive values. Factory functions such as Player produce entities with the required components and slot connections. I'm trying to determine the best level of granularity for components. For example, right now Position, Velocity, and Acceleration are all separate components, connected in series. Velocity and Acceleration could easily be rewritten into a uniform Delta component, or Position, Velocity, and Acceleration could be combined alongside such components as Friction and Gravity into a monolithic Physics component. Should a component have the smallest responsibility possible (at the cost of lots of interconnectivity) or should related components be combined into monolithic ones (at the cost of flexibility)? I'm leaning toward the former, but I could use a second opinion.

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  • D3D11 how to simulate multiple depth channels

    - by Nock
    Here's what I'd like to achieve: Rendering a first pass of objects in my scene, using standard depth comparison Rendering another pass of objects in the same scene, but with the following rules: A Pixel of the 2nd pass always override the first pass (no depth compare between them) Use Depth comparison between pixels written from the second pass. In English I want depth comparison made inside each pass but I always want the second pass pixels to override the first pass ones. Some things I've thought: I tried to think about using stencil to solve this, but I couldn't find a way. I know I could render into a separate target the second pass then composite the result into the first, but I'd like to avoid that. I could use two separate Depth Buffer, one dedicated to each pass. (I never tried, but I figure it's possible to switch the depth buffer in a Render Target "on the fly") Any idea of the best solution? Thanks

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  • How can I convert an image from raw data in Android without any munging?

    - by stephelton
    I have raw image data (may be png, jpg, ...) and I want it converted in Android without changing its pixel depth (bpp). In particular, when I load a grayscale (8 bpp) image that I want to use as alpha (glTexImage() with GL_ALPHA), it converts it to 16 bpp (presumably 5_6_5). While I do have a plan b (actually, I'm probably on plan 'e' by now, this is really becoming annoying) I would really like to discover an easy way to do this using what is readily available in the api. So far, I'm using BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(). While I'm at it. I'm doing this from a native environment via jni (passing the buffer in from C, and a new buffer back to C from Java). Any portable solution in C/C++ would be preferable, but I don't want to introduce anything that might break in future versions of Android, etc.

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  • Static "LoD" hack opinions

    - by David Lively
    I've been playing with implementing dynamic level of detail for rendering a very large mesh in XNA. It occurred to me that (duh) the whole point of this is to generate small triangles close to the camera, and larger ones far away. Given that, rather than constantly modifying or swapping index buffers based on a feature's rendered size or distance from the camera, it would be a lot easier (and potentially quite a bit faster), to render a single "fan" or flat wedge/frustum-shaped planar mesh that is tessellated into small triangles close to the near or small end of the frustum and larger ones at the far end, sort of like this (overhead view) (Pardon the gap in the middle - I drew one side and mirrored it) The triangle sizes are chosen so that all are approximately the same size when projected. Then, that mesh would be transformed to track the camera so that the Z axis (center vertical in this image) is always aligned with the view direction projected into the XZ plane. The vertex shader would then read terrain heights from a height texture and adjust the Y coordinate of the mesh to match a height field that defines the terrain. This eliminates the need for culling (since the mesh is generated to match the viewport dimensions) and the need to modify the index and/or vertex buffers when drawing the terrain. Obviously this doesn't address terrain with overhangs, etc, but that could be handled to a certain extent by including a second mesh that defines a sort of "ceiling" via a different texture. The other LoD schemes I've seen aren't particularly difficult to implement and, in some cases, are a lot more flexible, but this seemed like a decent quick-and-dirty way to handle height map-based terrain without getting into geometry manipulation. Has anyone tried this? Opinions?

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  • Collision Resolution

    - by CiscoIPPhone
    I know quite well how to check for collisions, but I don't know how to handle the collision in a good way. Simplified, if two objects collide I use some calculations to change the velocity direction. If I don't move the two objects they will still overlap and if the velocity is not big enough they will still collide after next update. This can cause objects to get stuck in each other. But what if I try to move the two objects so they do not overlap. This sounds like a good idea but I have realised that if there is more than two objects this becomes very complicated. What if I move the two objects and one of them collides with other objects so I have to move them too and they may collide with walls etc. I have a top down 2D game in mind but I don't think that has much to do with it. How are collisions usually handled? This question is asked on behalf of Wooh

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  • Calculating 3D camera positions from a video

    - by Geotarget
    I need to calculate the 3D camera position and rotation for each frame in a given video. This is typically used for motion-tracking, and to insert 3D objects into a video. I'm currently using VideoTrace to calculate this for me, and I'm getting the data exported as a 3DS Maxscript file. However when I try to use the 3D camera rotations, I'm getting strange errors in my 3D calculations, as if there is an error with the 3x3 rotation matrices. Can you spot any error with the data itself? Or is it my other calculations that are erroneous? frame 1 rotation=(matrix3[-0.011938, 0.756018, -0.654442][-0.382040, -0.608284, -0.695727][-0.924068, 0.241718, 0.296091][0, 0, 0]).rotationpart position=[-0.767177, 0.308723, -0.232722] fov=57.352135 frame 2 rotation=(matrix3[-0.460922, -0.726580, -0.509541][-0.200163, 0.644491, -0.737947][ 0.864572, -0.238145, -0.442495][0, 0, 0]).rotationpart position=[-0.856630, 0.198654, -0.243853] fov=57.352135

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  • What's wrong with this turn to face algorithm?

    - by Chan
    I implement a torpedo object that chases a rotating planet. Specifically, it will turn toward the planet each update. Initially my implement was: void move() { vector3<float> to_target = target - get_position(); to_target.normalize(); position += (to_target * speed); } which works perfectly for torpedo that is a solid sphere. Now my torpedo is actually a model, which has a forward vector, so using this method looks odd because it doesn't actually turn toward but jump toward. So I revised it a bit to get, double get_rotation_angle(vector3<float> u, vector3<float> v) const { u.normalize(); v.normalize(); double cosine_theta = u.dot(v); // domain of arccosine is [-1, 1] if (cosine_theta > 1) { cosine_theta = 1; } if (cosine_theta < -1) { cosine_theta = -1; } return math3d::to_degree(acos(cosine_theta)); } vector3<float> get_rotation_axis(vector3<float> u, vector3<float> v) const { u.normalize(); v.normalize(); // fix linear case if (u == v || u == -v) { v[0] += 0.05; v[1] += 0.0; v[2] += 0.05; v.normalize(); } vector3<float> axis = u.cross(v); return axis.normal(); } void turn_to_face() { vector3<float> to_target = (target - position); vector3<float> axis = get_rotation_axis(get_forward(), to_target); double angle = get_rotation_angle(get_forward(), to_target); double distance = math3d::distance(position, target); gl_matrix_mode(GL_MODELVIEW); gl_push_matrix(); { gl_load_identity(); gl_translate_f(position.get_x(), position.get_y(), position.get_z()); gl_rotate_f(angle, axis.get_x(), axis.get_y(), axis.get_z()); gl_get_float_v(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, OM); } gl_pop_matrix(); move(); } void move() { vector3<float> to_target = target - get_position(); to_target.normalize(); position += (get_forward() * speed); } The logic is simple, I find the rotation axis by cross product, the angle to rotate by dot product, then turn toward the target position each update. Unfortunately, it looks extremely odds since the rotation happens too fast that it always turns back and forth. The forward vector for torpedo is from the ModelView matrix, the third column A: MODELVIEW MATRIX -------------------------------------------------- R U A T -------------------------------------------------- 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 -------------------------------------------------- Any suggestion or idea would be greatly appreciated.

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  • How can I prevent seams from showing up on objects using lower mipmap levels?

    - by Shivan Dragon
    Disclaimer: kindly right click on the images and open them separately so that they're at full size, as there are fine details which don't show up otherwise. Thank you. I made a simple Blender model, it's a cylinder with the top cap removed: I've exported the UVs: Then imported them into Photoshop, and painted the inner area in yellow and the outer area in red. I made sure I cover well the UV lines: I then save the image and load it as texture on the model in Blender. Actually, I just reload it as the image where the UVs are exported, and change the viewport view mode to textured. When I look at the mesh up-close, there's yellow everywhere, everything seems fine: However, if I start zooming out, I start seeing red (literally and metaphorically) where the texture edges are: And the more I zoom, the more I see it: Same thing happends in Unity, though the effect seems less pronounced. Up close is fine and yellow: Zoom out and you see red at the seams: Now, obviously, for this simple example a workaround is to spread the yellow well outside the UV margins, and its fine from all distances. However this is an issue when you try making a complex texture that should tile seamlessly at the edges. In this situation I either make a few lines of pixels overlap (in which case it looks bad from upclose and ok from far away), or I leave them seamless and then I have those seams when seeing it from far away. So my question is, is there something I'm missing, or some extra thing I must do to have my texture look seamless from all distances?

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  • Most efficient way to handle coordinate maps in Java

    - by glowcoder
    I have a rectangular tile-based layout. It's your typical Cartesian system. I would like to have a single class that handles two lookup styles Get me the set of players at position X,Y Get me the position of player with key K My current implementation is this: class CoordinateMap<V> { Map<Long,Set<V>> coords2value; Map<V,Long> value2coords; // convert (int x, int y) to long key - this is tested, works for all values -1bil to +1bil // My map will NOT require more than 1 bil tiles from the origin :) private Long keyFor(int x, int y) { int kx = x + 1000000000; int ky = y + 1000000000; return (long)kx | (long)ky << 32; } // extract the x and y from the keys private int[] coordsFor(long k) { int x = (int)(k & 0xFFFFFFFF) - 1000000000; int y = (int)((k >>> 32) & 0xFFFFFFFF) - 1000000000; return new int[] { x,y }; } } From there, I proceed to have other methods that manipulate or access the two maps accordingly. My question is... is there a better way to do this? Sure, I've tested my class and it works fine. And sure, something inside tells me if I want to reference the data by two different keys, I need two different maps. But I can also bet I'm not the first to run into this scenario. Thanks!

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  • Most efficient way to implement delta time

    - by Starkers
    Here's one way to implement delta time: /// init /// var duration = 5000, currentTime = Date.now(); // and create cube, scene, camera ect ////// function animate() { /// determine delta /// var now = Date.now(), deltat = now - currentTime, currentTime = now, scalar = deltat / duration, angle = (Math.PI * 2) * scalar; ////// /// animate /// cube.rotation.y += angle; ////// /// update /// requestAnimationFrame(render); ////// } Could someone confirm I know how it works? Here what I think is going on: Firstly, we set duration at 5000, which how long the loop will take to complete in an ideal world. With a computer that is slow/busy, let's say the animation loop takes twice as long as it should, so 10000: When this happens, the scalar is set to 2.0: scalar = deltat / duration scalar = 10000 / 5000 scalar = 2.0 We now times all animation by twice as much: angle = (Math.PI * 2) * scalar; angle = (Math.PI * 2) * 2.0; angle = (Math.PI * 4) // which is 2 rotations When we do this, the cube rotation will appear to 'jump', but this is good because the animation remains real-time. With a computer that is going too quickly, let's say the animation loop takes half as long as it should, so 2500: When this happens, the scalar is set to 0.5: scalar = deltat / duration scalar = 2500 / 5000 scalar = 0.5 We now times all animation by a half: angle = (Math.PI * 2) * scalar; angle = (Math.PI * 2) * 0.5; angle = (Math.PI * 1) // which is half a rotation When we do this, the cube won't jump at all, and the animation remains real time, and doesn't speed up. However, would I be right in thinking this doesn't alter how hard the computer is working? I mean it still goes through the loop as fast as it can, and it still has render the whole scene, just with different smaller angles! So this a bad way to implement delta time, right? Now let's pretend the computer is taking exactly as long as it should, so 5000: When this happens, the scalar is set to 1.0: angle = (Math.PI * 2) * scalar; angle = (Math.PI * 2) * 1; angle = (Math.PI * 2) // which is 1 rotation When we do this, everything is timsed by 1, so nothing is changed. We'd get the same result if we weren't using delta time at all! My questions are as follows Mostly importantly, have I got the right end of the stick here? How do we know to set the duration to 5000 ? Or can it be any number? I'm a bit vague about the "computer going too quickly". Is there a way loop less often rather than reduce the animation steps? Seems like a better idea. Using this method, do all of our animations need to be timesed by the scalar? Do we have to hunt down every last one and times it? Is this the best way to implement delta time? I think not, due to the fact the computer can go nuts and all we do is divide each animation step and because we need to hunt down every step and times it by the scalar. Not a very nice DSL, as it were. So what is the best way to implement delta time? Below is one way that I do not really get but may be a better way to implement delta time. Could someone explain please? // Globals INV_MAX_FPS = 1 / 60; frameDelta = 0; clock = new THREE.Clock(); // In the animation loop (the requestAnimationFrame callback)… frameDelta += clock.getDelta(); // API: "Get the seconds passed since the last call to this method." while (frameDelta >= INV_MAX_FPS) { update(INV_MAX_FPS); // calculate physics frameDelta -= INV_MAX_FPS; } How I think this works: Firstly we set INV_MAX_FPS to 0.01666666666 How we will use this number number does not jump out at me. We then intialize a frameDelta which stores how long the last loop took to run. Come the first loop frameDelta is not greater than INV_MAX_FPS so the loop is not run (0 = 0.01666666666). So nothing happens. Now I really don't know what would cause this to happen, but let's pretend that the loop we just went through took 2 seconds to complete: We set frameDelta to 2: frameDelta += clock.getDelta(); frameDelta += 2.00 Now we run an animation thanks to update(0.01666666666). Again what is relevance of 0.01666666666?? And then we take away 0.01666666666 from the frameDelta: frameDelta -= INV_MAX_FPS; frameDelta = frameDelta - INV_MAX_FPS; frameDelta = 2 - 0.01666666666 frameDelta = 1.98333333334 So let's go into the second loop. Let's say it took 2(? Why not 2? Or 12? I am a bit confused): frameDelta += clock.getDelta(); frameDelta = frameDelta + clock.getDelta(); frameDelta = 1.98333333334 + 2 frameDelta = 3.98333333334 This time we enter the while loop because 3.98333333334 = 0.01666666666 We run update We take away 0.01666666666 from frameDelta again: frameDelta -= INV_MAX_FPS; frameDelta = frameDelta - INV_MAX_FPS; frameDelta = 3.98333333334 - 0.01666666666 frameDelta = 3.96666666668 Now let's pretend the loop is super quick and runs in just 0.1 seconds and continues to do this. (Because the computer isn't busy any more). Basically, the update function will be run, and every loop we take away 0.01666666666 from the frameDelta untill the frameDelta is less than 0.01666666666. And then nothing happens until the computer runs slowly again? Could someone shed some light please? Does the update() update the scalar or something like that and we still have to times everything by the scalar like in the first example?

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  • Detect collision from a particular side

    - by Fabián
    I'm making a platform sidescrolling game. All I want to do is to detect if my character is on the floor: function OnCollisionStay (col : Collision){ if(col.gameObject.tag == "Floor"){ onFloor = true; } else {onFloor = false;} } function OnCollisionExit (col : Collision){ onFloor = false; } But I know this isn't the accurate way. If I hit a cube with a "floor" tag, in the air (no matter if with the character's feet or head) I would be able to jump. Is there a way to use the same box collision to detect if I'm touching something from a specific side?

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  • How can I make the camera return to the beginning of the terrain when it reaches the end?

    - by wbaccari
    How can I make the camera return to the beginning of the terrain when it reaches the end? I tried using the ICameraSceneNode*-setPosition(). if (camera->getPosition().X>1200.f) camera->setPosition(vector3df(1.f,1550.f,camera->getPosition().Z)); if (camera->getPosition().X<0.f) camera->setPosition(vector3df(1199.f,1550.f,camera->getPosition().Z)); if (camera->getPosition().Z>1200.f) camera->setPosition(vector3df(camera->getPosition().X,1550.f,1.f)); if (camera->getPosition().Z<0.f) camera->setPosition(vector3df(camera->getPosition().X,1550.f,1199.f)); It seems to work fine with a flat terrain (one shade of grey in heightmap) but it starts to produce a strange behavior as soon as i try to add some hills. Edit: The setPosition() call seems to perform a translation of the camera toward the new position, therefore the camera stops at the first obstacle it encounters on its way.

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  • How to define type-specific scripts when using a 'type object' programming pattern?

    - by Erik
    I am in the process of creating a game engine written in C++, using the C/C++ SQLite interface to achieve a 'type object' pattern. The process is largely similar to what is outlined here (Thank you Bob Nystrom for the great resource!). I have a generally defined Entity class that when a new object is created, data is taken from a SQLite database and then is pushed back into a pointer vector, which is then iterated through, calling update() for each object. All the ints, floats, strings are loaded in fine, but the script() member of Entity is proving an issue. It's not much fun having a bunch of stationary objects laying around my gameworld. The only solutions I've come up with so far are: Create a monolithic EntityScript class with member functions encompassing all game AI and then calling the corresponding script when iterating through the Entity vector. (Not ideal) Create bindings between C++ and a scripting language. This would seem to get the job done, but it feels like implementing this (given the potential memory overhead) and learning a new language is overkill for a small team (2-3 people) that know the entirety of the existing game engine. Can you suggest any possible alternatives? My ideal situation would be that to add content to the game, one would simply add a script file to the appropriate directory and append the SQLite database with all the object data. All that is required is to have a variety of integers and floats passed between both the engine and the script file.

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  • Tile map collision is not working properly

    - by Sigh-AniDe
    I am having problems setting collision between my sprite and the tiles. I have only done the code for colision for moving upwards but some places on the map it moves up and some places it doesn't. Here is what I have so far: Vector2 position; private static float scalingFactor = 32; static int tileWidth = 32; static int tileHeight = 32; int[ , ] map = { {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, }; // This is in turtle.update if ( keyboardState.IsKeyDown( Keys.Up ) ) { if ( position.Y > screenHeight / 4 ) { //// current position of the turtle on the tiles int mapX = ( int )( position.X / scalingFactor ); int mapY = ( int )( position.Y / scalingFactor ) - 1; if ( isMovable( mapX , mapY , map ) ) { position.Y = position.Y - scalingFactor; } } else { MoveUp(); } } private void MoveUp() { motion.Y = -1; } public bool isMovable( int mapX , int mapY , int[ , ] map ) { if ( mapX < 0 || mapX > 19 || mapY < 0 || mapY > 20 ) { return false; } int tile = map[ mapX , mapY ]; if ( tile == 0 ) { return false; } return true; } protected override void Update( GameTime gameTime ) { turtle.Update( screenHeight , scalingFactor , map ); base.Update( gameTime ); }

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  • How to expose game data in the game without a singelton?

    - by zardon
    I'm quite new to cocos2d and games programming, and am currently I am writing a game that is currently in Prototype stage. Everything is going okay, but I've realized a potentially big problem and I am not sure how to solve it. I am using a singelton to store a bunch of arrays for everything, a global list of planets, a global list of troops, a global list of products, etc. And only now I'm realizing that all of this will be in memory and this is the wrong way to do it. I am not storing files or anything on the disk just yet, with exception to a save/load state, which is a capture of everything. My game makes use of a map which allows you to select a planet, then it will give you a breakdown of that planets troops and resources, Lets use this scenario: My game has 20 planets. On which you can have 20 troops. Straight away that's an array of 400! This does not add the NPC, which is another 10. So, 20x10 = 200 So, now we have 600 all in arrays inside a Singelton. This is obviously very bad, and very wrong. Especially as the game scales in the amount of data. But I need to expose pretty much everything, especially on the map page, and I am not sure how else to do it. I've been told that I can use a controller for the map page which has the information I need for each planet, and other controllers for other items I require global display for. I've also thought about storing each planet's data in a save file, using initWithCoder however there could be a boatload of files on the user's device? I really don't want to use a database, mainly because I would need to translate NSObjects and non-NSObjects like CGRects and CGPoints and Colors into/from SQL. I am open to other ideas on how to store and read game data to prevent using a singelton to store everything, everywhere. Thanks for your time.

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  • Clear edged sprite

    - by Ananth
    I am a newbie to cocos2d. I would like make user to draw similar to what a painting brush would do. I am using CCSprite for that. I almost implemented the velocity, color and opacity factors for that tool, but I couldn't get the Sprite to be as clear as it should be. I can draw only in the below image http://i.imgur.com/KBe0L.png which has blunt edges. But I want it to be harder / clear outside edges as in http://i.stack.imgur.com/GrFlv.png. I am getting no idea to make it clear edged. The piece of code Im using is glEnable(GL_BLEND); [brush.texture setAliasTexParameters]; [brush setBlendFunc:(ccBlendFunc){GL_ONE, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA}]; [brush visit]; I suspect the problem would be on blending mode. I tried some blending modes, but with no expected results. I am trying this for the past five days and so confused. Can some one help me sort this out? Thanks in advance.

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