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  • 2D isometric: screen to tile coordinates

    - by Dr_Asik
    I'm writing an isometric 2D game and I'm having difficulty figuring precisely on which tile the cursor is. Here's a drawing: where xs and ys are screen coordinates (pixels), xt and yt are tile coordinates, W and H are tile width and tile height in pixels, respectively. My notation for coordinates is (y, x) which may be confusing, sorry about that. The best I could figure out so far is this: int xtemp = xs / (W / 2); int ytemp = ys / (H / 2); int xt = (xs - ys) / 2; int yt = ytemp + xt; This seems almost correct but is giving me a very imprecise result, making it hard to select certain tiles, or sometimes it selects a tile next to the one I'm trying to click on. I don't understand why and I'd like if someone could help me understand the logic behind this. Thanks!

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  • Make Pong on android using OpenGL-ES

    - by brainydexter
    I am trying to make a simple pong game using opengl-es. I have checked out some of the tutorials/samples, but most of them are pre-dated to 2009. I am familiar with game programming, and consider pong to be the hello-world! Right now, I intend to make it using their supplied SDK (2.3), but eventually I want to make it in NDK, so I can port my other work to android. Would anyone have a good reference for a starting point ? Thanks

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  • GUI device for throwing a ball

    - by Fredrik Johansson
    The hero has a ball, which shall be thrown with accuracy in a court on iPhone/iPad. The player is seen from above, in a 2D view. In game play, the player reach is between 1/15 and 1/6 of the height of the iPhone screen. The player will run, and try to outmaneuver his opponent, and then throw the ball at a specific location, which is guarded by the opponent (which is also shown on the screen). The player is controlled by a joystick, and that works ok, but how shall I control the stick? Maybe someone can propose a third control method? I've tried the following two approaches: Joystick: Hero has a reach of 1 meter, and this reach is marked with a semi-opaque circle around the player. The ball can be moved by a joystick. When the joystick is moved south, the ball is moved south within the reach circle. There is a direct coupling with the joystick and the position of the ball. I.e. when the joystick is moved max south, the ball is max south within the player reach. At each touch update the speed is calculated, and the Box2d ball position and ball speed are updated. NB, the ball will never be moved outside the reach as long as the player push the joystick. The ball is thrown by swiping the joystick to make the ball move, and then releasing the joystick. At release, the ball will get a smoothed speed of the joystick. Joystick Problem: The throwing accuracy gets bad, because the joystick can not be that big, and a small movement results in quite a large movement of the ball. If the user does not release before the end of the joystick maximum end point, the ball will stop, and when the user releases the joystick the speed of the ball will be zero. Bad... Touch pad A force is applied to the ball by a sweep on a touchpad. The ball is released when the sweep is ended, or when the ball is moved outside the player reach. As there is no one to one mapping between the swipe and the ball position, the precision can be improved. A large swipe can result in a small ball movement. Touch Pad Problem A touchpad is less intuitive. Users do not seem to know what to do with the touch pad. Some tap the touchpad, and then the ball just falls to the ground. As there is no one-to-one mapping, the ball can be moved outside the reach, and then it will just fall to the ground. It's a bit hard to control the ball, especially if the player also moves.

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  • libgdx ActorGestureListener.pan() parameters not moving actor in smooth line

    - by Roar Skullestad
    I override the pan method in ActorGestureListener to implement dragging actors in libgdx (scene2d). When I move individual pieces on a board they move smoothly, but when moving the whole board, the x and y coordinates that is sent to pan is "jumping", and in an increasingly amount the longer it is dragged. These are an example of the deltaY coordinates sent to pan when dragging smoothly downwards: 1.1156368 -0.13125038 -1.0500145 0.98439217 -1.0500202 0.91877174 -0.984396 0.9187679 -0.98439026 0.9187641 -0.13125038 This is how I move the camera: public void pan (InputEvent event, float x, float y, float deltaX, float deltaY) { cam.translate(-deltaX, -deltaY); I have been using both the delta values sent to pan and the real position values, but similar results. And since it is the coordinates that are wrong, it doesn't matter whether I move the board itself or the camera. What could the cause be for this and what is the solution? When I move camera only half the delta-values, it moves smoothly but only at half the speed of the mouse pointer: cam.translate(-deltaX / 2, -deltaY / 2); It seems like the moving of camera or board affects the mouse input coordinates. How can I drag at "mouse speed" and still get smooth movements? (This question was also posted on stackoverflow: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/20693020/libgdx-actorgesturelistener-pan-parameters-not-moving-actor-in-smooth-line)

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  • Moving Character in C# XNA Not working

    - by Matthew Stenquist
    I'm having trouble trying to get my character to move for a game I'm making in my sparetime for the Xbox. However, I can't seem to figure out what I'm doing wrong , and I'm not even sure if I'm doing it right. I've tried googling tutorials on this but I haven't found any helpful ones. Mainly, ones on 3d rotation on the XNA creators club website. My question is : How can I get the character to walk towards the right in the MoveInput() function? What am I doing wrong? Did I code it wrong? The problem is : The player isn't moving. I think the MoveInput() class isn't working. Here's my code from my character class : using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input; namespace Jumping { class Character { Texture2D texture; Vector2 position; Vector2 velocity; int velocityXspeed = 2; bool jumping; public Character(Texture2D newTexture, Vector2 newPosition) { texture = newTexture; position = newPosition; jumping = true; } public void Update(GameTime gameTime) { JumpInput(); MoveInput(); } private void MoveInput() { //Move Character right GamePadState gamePad1 = GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One); velocity.X = velocity.X + (velocityXspeed * gamePad1.ThumbSticks.Right.X); } private void JumpInput() { position += velocity; if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.A == ButtonState.Pressed && jumping == false) { position.Y -= 1f; velocity.Y = -5f; jumping = true; } if (jumping == true) { float i = 1.6f; velocity.Y += 0.15f * i; } if (position.Y + texture.Height >= 1000) jumping = false; if (jumping == false) velocity.Y = 0f; } public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { spriteBatch.Draw(texture, position, Color.White); } } }

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  • How can I view an R32G32B32 texture?

    - by bobobobo
    I have a texture with R32G32B32 floats. I create this texture in-program on D3D11, using DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT. Now I need to see the texture data for debug purposes, but it will not save to anything but dds, showing the error in debug output, "Can't find matching WIC format, please save this file to a DDS". So, I write it to DDS but I can't open it now! The DirectX texture tool says "An error occurred trying to open that file". I know the texture is working because I can read it in the GPU and the colors seem correct. How can I view an R32G32B32 texture in an image viewer?

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  • Game Sound Effects Availability

    - by Ben
    Is there a need in the community for affordable game-focused sound effect packs? I am considering putting together some effects specifically geared toward games and indie developers that desire to get a working prototype quickly off the ground. Is there a need for this, or is there another standard "go-to" spot for this kind of thing? I want to offer value to the community but wanted to assess the need first. If anyone has thoughts, insight, or personal opinions on this I would love to hear it!

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  • How to handle wildly varying rendering hardware / getting baseline

    - by edA-qa mort-ora-y
    I've recently started with mobile programming (cross-platform, also with desktop) and am encountering wildly differing hardware performance, in particular with OpenGL and the GPU. I know I'll basically have to adjust my rendering code but I'm uncertain of how to detect performance and what reasonable default settings are. I notice that certain shader functions are basically free in a desktop implemenation but can be unusable in a mobile device. The problem is I have no way of knowing what features will cause what performance issues on all the devices. So my first issue is that even if I allow configuring options I'm uncertain of which options I have to make configurable. I'm wondering also wheher one just writes one very configurable pipeline, or whether I should have 2 distinct options (high/low). I'm also unsure of where to set the default. If I set to the poorest performer the graphics will be so minimal that any user with a modern device would dismiss the game. If I set them even at some moderate point, the low end devices will basically become a slide-show. I was thinking perhaps that I just run some benchmarks when the user first installs and randomly guess what works, but I've not see a game do this before.

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  • Examples of 2D side-scrollers that achieve open non-linear feel?

    - by Milosz Falinski
    I'm working on a 2.5D platformer prototype that aims for an open feel while maintaining familiar core mechanics. Now, there's some obvious challenges with creating a non constricted feel in a spatially constricted environment. What I'm interested in, is examples of how game designers deal with the "here's a level, beat the bad guys/puzzles to get to the next level" design that seems so natural to most platformers (eg. Mario/Braid/Pid/Meat Boy to name a few). Some ideas for achieving openness I've come across include: One obvious successful example is Terraria, which achieves openness simply through complexity and flexibility of the game-system Another example that comes to mind is Cave Story. Game is non-linear, offers multiple choices and side-stories Mario, Rayman and some other 'classics' with a top-down level selection. I actually really dislike this as it never did anything for me emotionally and just seems like a bit of a lazy way to do things. Note: I've not actually had much experience with most of the 'classical' console platformers, apart from the obvious Marios/Zeldas/Metroids, since I've grown up on adventure games. By that I mean, it's entirely possible that I simply missed some games that solve the problem really well and are by some considered obvious 'classics'.

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  • Arcball 3D camera - how to convert from camera to object coordinates

    - by user38873
    I have checked multiple threads before posting, but i havent been able to figure this one out. Ok so i have been following this tutorial, but im not using glm, ive been implementing everything up until now, like lookat etc. http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenGL_Programming/Modern_OpenGL_Tutorial_Arcball So i can rotate with the click and drag of the mouse, but when i rotate 90º degrees around Y and then move the mouse upwards or donwwards, it rotates on the wrong axis, this problem is demonstrated on this part of the tutorial An extra trick is converting the rotation axis from camera coordinates to object coordinates. It's useful when the camera and object are placed differently. For instace, if you rotate the object by 90° on the Y axis ("turn its head" to the right), then perform a vertical move with your mouse, you make a rotation on the camera X axis, but it should become a rotation on the Z axis (plane barrel roll) for the object. By converting the axis in object coordinates, the rotation will respect that the user work in camera coordinates (WYSIWYG). To transform from camera to object coordinates, we take the inverse of the MV matrix (from the MVP matrix triplet). What i have to do acording to the tutorial is convert my axis_in_camera_coordinates to object coordinates, and the rotation is done well, but im confused on what matrix i use to do just that. The tutorial talks about converting the axis from camera to object coordinates by using the inverse of the MV. Then it shows these 3 lines of code witch i havent been able to understand. glm::mat3 camera2object = glm::inverse(glm::mat3(transforms[MODE_CAMERA]) * glm::mat3(mesh.object2world)); glm::vec3 axis_in_object_coord = camera2object * axis_in_camera_coord; So what do i aply to my calculated axis?, the inverse of what, i supose the inverse of the model view? So my question is how do you transform camera axis to object axis. Do i apply the inverse of the lookat matrix? My code: if (cur_mx != last_mx || cur_my != last_my) { va = get_arcball_vector(last_mx, last_my); vb = get_arcball_vector( cur_mx, cur_my); angle = acos(min(1.0f, dotProduct(va, vb)))*20; axis_in_camera_coord = crossProduct(va, vb); axis.x = axis_in_camera_coord[0]; axis.y = axis_in_camera_coord[1]; axis.z = axis_in_camera_coord[2]; axis.w = 1.0f; last_mx = cur_mx; last_my = cur_my; } Quaternion q = qFromAngleAxis(angle, axis); Matrix m; qGLMatrix(q,m); vi = mMultiply(m, vi); up = mMultiply(m, up); ViewMatrix = ogLookAt(vi.x, vi.y, vi.z,0,0,0,up.x,up.y,up.z);

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  • AI control for a ship with physics model

    - by Petteri Hietavirta
    I am looking for ideas how to implement following in 2D space. Unfortunately I don't know much about AI/path finding/autonomous control yet. Let's say this ship can move freely but it has mass and momentum. Also, external forces might affect it (explosions etc). The player can set a target for the ship at any time and it should reach that spot and stop. Without physics this would be simple, just point to the direction and go. But how to deal with existing momentum and then stopping on the spot? I don't want to modify ship's placement directly. edit: Just to make clear, the physics related math of the ship itself is not the problem.

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  • Skanska Builds Global Workforce Insight with Cloud-Based HCM System

    - by HCM-Oracle
    By David Baum - Originally posted on Profit Peter Bjork grew up building things. He started his work life learning all sorts of trades at his father’s construction company in the northern part of Sweden. So in college, it was natural for him to pursue a bachelor’s degree in construction engineering—but he broke new ground when he added a master’s degree in finance to his curriculum vitae. Written on a traditional résumé, Bjork’s current title (vice president of information systems strategies) doesn’t reveal the diversity of his experience—that he’s adept with hammer and nails as well as rows and columns. But a big part of his current job is to work with his counterparts in human resources (HR) designing, building, and deploying the systems needed to get a complete view of the skills and potential of Skanska’s 22,000-strong white-collar workforce. And Bjork believes that complete view is essential to Skanska’s success. “Our business is really all about people,” says Bjork, who has worked with Skanska for 16 years. “You can have equipment and financial resources, but to truly succeed in a business like ours you need to have the right people in the right places. That’s what this system is helping us accomplish.” In a global HR environment that suffers from a paradox of high unemployment and a scarcity of skilled labor, managers need to have a complete understanding of workforce capabilities to develop management skills, recruit for open positions, ensure that staff is getting the training they need, and reduce attrition. Skanska’s human capital management (HCM) systems, based on Oracle Talent Management Cloud, play a critical role delivering that understanding. “Skanska’s philosophy of having great people, encouraging their development, and giving them the chance to move across business units has nurtured a culture of collaboration, but managing a diverse workforce spread across the globe is a monumental challenge,” says Annika Lindholm, global human resources system owner in the HR department at Skanska’s headquarters just outside of Stockholm, Sweden. “We depend heavily on Oracle’s cloud technology to support our HCM function.” Construction, Workers For Skanska’s more than 60,000 employees and contractors, managing huge construction projects is an everyday job. Beyond erecting signature buildings, management’s goal is to build a corporate culture where valuable talent can be sought out and developed, bringing in the right mix of people to support and grow the business. “Of all the companies in our space, Skanska is probably one of the strongest ones, with a laser focus on people and people development,” notes Tom Crane, chief HR and communications officer for Skanska in the United States. “Our business looks like equipment and material, but all we really have at the end of the day are people and their intellectual capital. Without them, second only to clients, of course, you really can’t achieve great things in the high-profile environment in which we work.” During the 1990s, Skanska entered an expansive growth phase. A string of successful acquisitions paved the way for the company’s transformation into a global enterprise. “Today the company’s focus is on profitable growth,” continues Crane. “But you can’t really achieve growth unless you are doing a very good job of developing your people and having the right people in the right places and driving a culture of growth.” In the United States alone, Skanska has more than 8,000 employees in four distinct business units: Skanska USA Building, also known as the Construction Manager, builds everything at ground level and above—hospitals, educational facilities, stadiums, airport terminals, and other massive projects. Skanska USA Civil does everything at ground level and below, such as light rail, water treatment facilities, power plants or power industry facilities, highways, and bridges. Skanska Infrastructure Development develops public-private partnerships—projects in which Skanska adds equity and also arranges for outside financing. Skanska Commercial Development acts like a commercial real estate developer, acquiring land and building offices on spec or build-to-suit for its clients. Skanska's international portfolio includes construction of the new Meadowlands Stadium. Getting the various units to operate collaboratatively helps Skanska deliver high value to clients and shareholders. “When we have this collaboration among units, it allows us to enrich each of the business units and, at the same time, develop our future leaders to be more facile in operating across business units—more accepting of a ‘one Skanska’ approach,” explains Crane. Workforce Worldwide But HR needs processes and tools to support managers who face such business dynamics. Oracle Talent Management Cloud is helping Skanska implement world-class recruiting strategies and generate the insights needed to drive quality hiring practices, internal mobility, and a proactive approach to building talent pipelines. With their new cloud system in place, Skanska HR leaders can manage everything from recruiting, compensation, and goal and performance management to employee learning and talent review—all as part of a single, cohesive software-as-a-service (SaaS) environment. Skanska has successfully implemented two modules from Oracle Talent Management Cloud—the recruiting and performance management modules—and is in the process of implementing the learn module. Internally, they call the systems Skanska Recruit, Skanska Talent, and Skanska Learn. The timing is apropos. With high rates of unemployment in recent years, there have been many job candidates on the market. However, talent scarcity continues to frustrate recruiters. Oracle Taleo Recruiting Cloud Service, one of the applications in the Oracle Talent Management cloud portfolio, enables Skanska managers to create more-intelligent recruiting strategies, pulling high-performer profile statistics to create new candidate profiles and using multitiered screening and assessments to ensure that only the best-suited candidate applications make it to the recruiter’s desk. Tools such as applicant tracking, interview management, and requisition management help recruiters and hiring managers streamline the hiring process. Oracle’s cloud-based software system automates and streamlines many other HR processes for Skanska’s multinational organization and delivers insight into the success of recruiting and talent-management efforts. “The Oracle system is definitely helping us to construct global HR processes,” adds Bjork. “It is really important that we have a business model that is decentralized, so we can effectively serve our local markets, and interact with our global ERP [enterprise resource planning] systems as well. We would not be able to do this without a really good, well-integrated HCM system that could support these efforts.” A key piece of this effort is something Skanska has developed internally called the Skanska Leadership Profile. Core competencies, on which all employees are measured, are used in performance reviews to determine weak areas but also to discover talent, such as those who will be promoted or need succession plans. This global profiling system brings consistency to the way HR professionals evaluate and review talent across the company, with a consistent set of ratings and a consistent definition of competencies. All salaried employees in Skanska are tied to a talent management process that gives opportunity for midyear and year-end reviews. Using the performance management module, managers can align individual goals with corporate goals; provide clear visibility into how each employee contributes to the success of the organization; and drive a strategic, end-to-end talent management strategy with a single, integrated system for all talent-related activities. This is critical to a company that is highly focused on ensuring that every employee has a development plan linked to his or her succession potential. “Our approach all along has been to deploy software applications that are seamless to end users,” says Crane. “The beauty of a cloud-based system is that much of the functionality takes place behind the scenes so we can focus on making sure users can access the data when they need it. This model greatly improves their efficiency.” The employee profile not only sets a competency baseline for new employees but is also integrated with Skanska’s other back-office Oracle systems to ensure consistency in the way information is used to support other business functions. “Since we have about a dozen different HR systems that are providing us with information, we built a master database that collects all the information,” explains Lindholm. “That data is sent not only to Oracle Talent Management Cloud, but also to other systems that are dependent on this information.” Collaboration to Scale Skanska is poised to launch a new Oracle module to link employee learning plans to the review process and recruitment assessments. According to Crane, connecting these processes allows Skanska managers to see employees’ progress and produce an updated learning program. For example, as employees take classes, supervisors can consult the Oracle Talent Management Cloud portal to monitor progress and align it to each individual’s training and development plan. “That’s a pretty compelling solution for an organization that wants to manage its talent on a real-time basis and see how the training is working,” Crane says. Rolling out Oracle Talent Management Cloud was a joint effort among HR, IT, and a global group that oversaw the worldwide implementation. Skanska deployed the solution quickly across all markets at once. In the United States, for example, more than 35 offices quickly got up to speed on the new system via webinars for employees and face-to-face training for the HR group. “With any migration, there are moments when you hold your breath, but in this case, we had very few problems getting the system up and running,” says Crane. Lindholm adds, “There has been very little resistance to the system as users recognize its potential. Customizations are easy, and a lasting partnership has developed between Skanska and Oracle when help is needed. They listen to us.” Bjork elaborates on the implementation process from an IT perspective. “Deploying a SaaS system removes a lot of the complexity,” he says. “You can downsize the IT part and focus on the business part, which increases the probability of a successful implementation. If you want to scale the system, you make a quick phone call. That’s all it took recently when we added 4,000 users. We didn’t have to think about resizing the servers or hiring more IT people. Oracle does that for us, and they have provided very good support.” As a result, Skanska has been able to implement a single, cost-effective talent management solution across the organization to support its strategy to recruit and develop a world-class staff. Stakeholders are confident that they are providing the most efficient recruitment system possible for competent personnel at all levels within the company—from skilled workers at construction sites to top management at headquarters. And Skanska can retain skilled employees and ensure that they receive the development opportunities they need to grow and advance.

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  • XNA 4: GetData from Texture2D and Set it into Texture3D with specific order

    - by cubrman
    I am trying to convert my color grading 2d lookup texture into 3d LUT. When I simply use: ColorAtlas.GetData(data); ColorAtlas3D.SetData(data); I get this: I tried building my 2d atlass horizontally but it did not helped - the data was messed up in a different way. So my question is how can I influence the order of the data I get from the 2d atlas and how can I properly pass it into my 3d atlas? Update: I know that I can GetData from a specific Rectangular area and put it into several arrays, but the result is still the same. This is what I tried: Color[] data2D = new Color[0]; for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) { Color[] data = new Color[32 * 32]; GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); ColorAtlas.GetData(0, new Rectangle(0, i*32, 32, 32), data, 0, data.Length); int oldLength = data2D.Length; Array.Resize<Color>(ref data2D, oldLength + data.Length); Array.Copy(data, 0, data2D, oldLength, data.Length); } ColorAtlas3D.SetData(data2D);

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  • Maintaining State in Mud Engine

    - by Johnathon Sullinger
    I am currently working on a Mud Engine and have started implementing my state engine. One of the things that has me troubled is maintaining different states at once. For instance, lets say that the user has started a tutorial, which requires specific input. If the user types "help" I want to switch in to a help state, so they can get the help they need, then return them to the original state once exiting the help. my state system uses a State Manager to manage the state per user: public class StateManager { /// <summary> /// Gets the current state. /// </summary> public IState CurrentState { get; private set; } /// <summary> /// Gets the states available for use. /// </summary> /// <value> public List<IState> States { get; private set; } /// <summary> /// Gets the commands available. /// </summary> public List<ICommand> Commands { get; private set; } /// <summary> /// Gets the mob that this manager controls the state of. /// </summary> public IMob Mob { get; private set; } public void Initialize(IMob mob, IState initialState = null) { this.Mob = mob; if (initialState != null) { this.SwitchState(initialState); } } /// <summary> /// Performs the command. /// </summary> /// <param name="message">The message.</param> public void PerformCommand(IMessage message) { if (this.CurrentState != null) { ICommand command = this.CurrentState.GetCommand(message); if (command is NoOpCommand) { // NoOperation commands indicate that the current state is not finished yet. this.CurrentState.Render(this.Mob); } else if (command != null) { command.Execute(this.Mob); } else if (command == null) { new InvalidCommand().Execute(this.Mob); } } } /// <summary> /// Switches the state. /// </summary> /// <param name="state">The state.</param> public void SwitchState(IState state) { if (this.CurrentState != null) { this.CurrentState.Cleanup(); } this.CurrentState = state; if (state != null) { this.CurrentState.Render(this.Mob); } } } Each of the different states that the user can be in, is a Type implementing IState. public interface IState { /// <summary> /// Renders the current state to the players terminal. /// </summary> /// <param name="player">The player to render to</param> void Render(IMob mob); /// <summary> /// Gets the Command that the player entered and preps it for execution. /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> ICommand GetCommand(IMessage command); /// <summary> /// Cleanups this instance during a state change. /// </summary> void Cleanup(); } Example state: public class ConnectState : IState { /// <summary> /// The connected player /// </summary> private IMob connectedPlayer; public void Render(IMob mob) { if (!(mob is IPlayer)) { throw new NullReferenceException("ConnectState can only be used with a player object implementing IPlayer"); } //Store a reference for the GetCommand() method to use. this.connectedPlayer = mob as IPlayer; var server = mob.Game as IServer; var game = mob.Game as IGame; // It is not guaranteed that mob.Game will implement IServer. We are only guaranteed that it will implement IGame. if (server == null) { throw new NullReferenceException("LoginState can only be set to a player object that is part of a server."); } //Output the game information mob.Send(new InformationalMessage(game.Name)); mob.Send(new InformationalMessage(game.Description)); mob.Send(new InformationalMessage(string.Empty)); //blank line //Output the server MOTD information mob.Send(new InformationalMessage(string.Join("\n", server.MessageOfTheDay))); mob.Send(new InformationalMessage(string.Empty)); //blank line mob.StateManager.SwitchState(new LoginState()); } /// <summary> /// Gets the command. /// </summary> /// <param name="message">The message.</param> /// <returns>Returns no operation required.</returns> public Commands.ICommand GetCommand(IMessage message) { return new NoOpCommand(); } /// <summary> /// Cleanups this instance during a state change. /// </summary> public void Cleanup() { // We have nothing to clean up. return; } } With the way that I have my FSM set up at the moment, the user can only ever have one state at a time. I read a few different posts on here about state management but nothing regarding keeping a stack history. I thought about using a Stack collection, and just pushing new states on to the stack then popping them off as the user moves out from one. It seems like it would work, but I'm not sure if it is the best approach to take. I'm looking for recommendations on this. I'm currently swapping state from within the individual states themselves as well which I'm on the fence about if it makes sense to do there or not. The user enters a command, the StateManager passes the command to the current State and lets it determine if it needs it (like passing in a password after entering a user name), if the state doesn't need any further commands, it returns null. If it does need to continue doing work, it returns a No Operation to let the state manager know that the state still requires further input from the user. If null is returned, the state manager will then go find the appropriate state for the command entered by the user. Example state requiring additional input from the user public class LoginState : IState { /// <summary> /// The connected player /// </summary> private IPlayer connectedPlayer; private enum CurrentState { FetchUserName, FetchPassword, InvalidUser, } private CurrentState currentState; /// <summary> /// Renders the current state to the players terminal. /// </summary> /// <param name="mob"></param> /// <exception cref="System.NullReferenceException"> /// ConnectState can only be used with a player object implementing IPlayer /// or /// LoginState can only be set to a player object that is part of a server. /// </exception> public void Render(IMob mob) { if (!(mob is IPlayer)) { throw new NullReferenceException("ConnectState can only be used with a player object implementing IPlayer"); } //Store a reference for the GetCommand() method to use. this.connectedPlayer = mob as IPlayer; var server = mob.Game as IServer; // Register to receive new input from the user. mob.ReceivedMessage += connectedPlayer_ReceivedMessage; if (server == null) { throw new NullReferenceException("LoginState can only be set to a player object that is part of a server."); } this.currentState = CurrentState.FetchUserName; switch (this.currentState) { case CurrentState.FetchUserName: mob.Send(new InputMessage("Please enter your user name")); break; case CurrentState.FetchPassword: mob.Send(new InputMessage("Please enter your password")); break; case CurrentState.InvalidUser: mob.Send(new InformationalMessage("Invalid username/password specified.")); this.currentState = CurrentState.FetchUserName; mob.Send(new InputMessage("Please enter your user name")); break; } } /// <summary> /// Receives the players input. /// </summary> /// <param name="sender">The sender.</param> /// <param name="e">The e.</param> void connectedPlayer_ReceivedMessage(object sender, IMessage e) { // Be good memory citizens and clean ourself up after receiving a message. // Not doing this results in duplicate events being registered and memory leaks. this.connectedPlayer.ReceivedMessage -= connectedPlayer_ReceivedMessage; ICommand command = this.GetCommand(e); } /// <summary> /// Gets the Command that the player entered and preps it for execution. /// </summary> /// <param name="command"></param> /// <returns>Returns the ICommand specified.</returns> public Commands.ICommand GetCommand(IMessage command) { if (this.currentState == CurrentState.FetchUserName) { this.connectedPlayer.Name = command.Message; this.currentState = CurrentState.FetchPassword; } else if (this.currentState == CurrentState.FetchPassword) { // find user } return new NoOpCommand(); } /// <summary> /// Cleanups this instance during a state change. /// </summary> public void Cleanup() { // If we have a player instance, we clean up the registered event. if (this.connectedPlayer != null) { this.connectedPlayer.ReceivedMessage -= this.connectedPlayer_ReceivedMessage; } } Maybe my entire FSM isn't wired up in the best way, but I would appreciate input on what would be the best to maintain a stack of state in a MUD game engine, and if my states should be allowed to receive the input from the user or not to check what command was entered before allowing the state manager to switch states. Thanks in advance.

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  • How do I simplify terrain with tunnels or overhangs?

    - by KKlouzal
    I'm attempting to store vertex data in a quadtree with C++, such that far-away vertices can be combined to simplify the object and speed up rendering. This works well with a reasonably flat mesh, but what about terrain with overhangs or tunnels? How should I represent such a mesh in a quadtree? After the initial generation, each mesh is roughly 130,000 polygons and about 300 of these meshes are lined up to create the surface of a planetary body. A fully generated planet is upwards of 10,000,000 polygons before applying any culling to the individual meshes. Therefore, this second optimization is vital for the project. The rest of my confusion focuses around my inexperience with vertex data: How do I properly loop through the vertex data to group them into specific quads? How do I conclude from vertex data what a quad's maximum size should be? How many quads should the quadtree include?

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  • Any reliable polygon normal calculation code?

    - by Jenko
    I'm currently calculating the normal vector of a polygon using this code, but for some faces here and there it calculates a wrong normal. I don't really know what's going on or where it fails but its not reliable. Do you have any polygon normal calculation that's tested and found to be reliable? // calculate normal of a polygon using all points var n:int = points.length; var x:Number = 0; var y:Number = 0; var z:Number = 0 // ensure all points above 0 var minx:Number = 0, miny:Number = 0, minz:Number = 0; for (var p:int = 0, pl:int = points.length; p < pl; p++) { var po:_Point3D = points[p] = points[p].clone(); if (po.x < minx) { minx = po.x; } if (po.y < miny) { miny = po.y; } if (po.z < minz) { minz = po.z; } } for (p = 0; p < pl; p++) { po = points[p]; po.x -= minx; po.y -= miny; po.z -= minz; } var cur:int = 1, prev:int = 0, next:int = 2; for (var i:int = 1; i <= n; i++) { // using Newell method x += points[cur].y * (points[next].z - points[prev].z); y += points[cur].z * (points[next].x - points[prev].x); z += points[cur].x * (points[next].y - points[prev].y); cur = (cur+1) % n; next = (next+1) % n; prev = (prev+1) % n; } // length of the normal var length:Number = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y + z * z); // turn large values into a unit vector if (length != 0){ x = x / length; y = y / length; z = z / length; }else { throw new Error("Cannot calculate normal since triangle has an area of 0"); }

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  • How to implement a score database in Android

    - by Michael Seun Araromi
    I making a 2d game for android using opengl-es technology. It is a space shooting game where the player shoots enemy ships. I want to keep a track of score for the amount of enemy ships destroyed and a record of a local highscore, I want the score to be incremented whenever an enemy is destroyed. I also want a way of displaying both score and highscore on the game screen. I am not farmiliar with databases at all and I will appreciate a clear answer or a link to a good tutorial for my cause. Thanks

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  • Basic tutorial/introduction for 3d matrices, idealy in c++, without openGl or directX

    - by René Nyffenegger
    I am wondering if there is a simple tutorial that covers the basics of how to initialize rotation, translation and projection matrices, and how to multiply them, and how to get the screen coordinates afterwards for a 3d point. Idealy, the tutorial comes with compilable code and is not dependent on any 3rd party library. Searching the internet, I found lots of tutorials, so this is not the problem. Yet, it seemed all of these either covered openGl or directX, or they were theoretical in nature.

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  • How are realistic 3D faces created and animated in video games?

    - by Anton
    I'm interested in being able to create realistic faces and facial expressions for the 3D characters of a game I'm working on. Think something similar to the dialog scenes in games like Mass Effect. Unfortunately I'm not sure where to begin. I'm sure the faces/animations are created through 3D Modeling software, but otherwise I am lost. Do facial animations use the same "bones" that normal body animation uses? Is there any preferred 3D software for realistic faces and animations? Is there a preferred format to export these faces and animations in?

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  • Can I use DllImport/PInvoke in libraries loaded as Assets in Unity Free?

    - by sebf
    I am interested in using utilising third-party libraries in Unity Free. I know Unity can use managed libraries as Assets, but only the Pro version supports using native libraries. (DllImport within scripts). This thread however suggests that it is possible to import DLLs in the free version. I would like to utilise native libraries (as a hobbyist I cannot afford Pro), but want to do it the supported way so I don't have to worry about Unity 'fixing' this hole if that is what it is. Is there any supported way to use native libraries with Unity free? (i.e. does that thread suggest a workaround or is it a 'bug'? Is it supported to use DllImport/PInvoke in libraries loaded as assets? (could I create a wrapper myself?)

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  • Secure login for a game that is open source

    - by David Park
    I am making a game which i will be open sourcing. Its a simple arcade like game but requires a network connection because it is meant to be played with other people. The thing i am worrying about is how would i be sure that the client is the one that i put out for the end user to play with? Kind of a like of sv_pure for Team Fortress 2. I was thinking of different ways to combat this such as the server requesting the client's version or even it's md5 hash but people with simple java knowledge could just force a method to always return what the server wants.

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  • LibGdx efficient data saving/loading?

    - by grimrader22
    Currently, my LibGDX game consists of a 512 x 512 map of Tiles and entities such as players and monsters. I am wondering how to efficiently save and load the data of my levels. At the moment I am using JSON serialization for each class I want to save. I implement the Json.Serializable interface for all of these classes and write only the variables that are necessary. So my map consists of 512 x 512 tiles, that's 260,000 tiles. Each tile on the map consists of a Tile object, which points to some final Tile object like a GRASS_TILE or a STONE_TILE. When I serialize each level tile, the final Tile that it points to is re-serialized over and over again, so if I have 100 Tiles all pointing to GRASS_TILE, the data of GRASS_TILE is written 100 times over. When I go to load/deserialize my objects, 100 GrassTile objects are created, but they are each their own object. They no longer point to the final tile object. I feel like this reading/writing files very slow. If I were to abandon JSON serialization, to my knowledge my next best option would be saving the level data to a sql database. Unless there is a way to speed up serializing/deserializing 260,000 tiles I may have to do this. Is this a good idea? Could I really write that many tiles to the database efficiently? To sum all this up, I am trying to save my levels using JSON serialization, but it is VERY slow. What other options do I have for saving the data of so many tiles. I also must note that the JSON serialization is not slow on a PC, it is only VERY slow on a mobile device. Since file writing/reading is so slow on mobile devices, what can I do?

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  • Loading files during run time

    - by NDraskovic
    I made a content pipeline extension (using this tutorial) in XNA 4.0 game. I altered some aspects, so it serves my need better, but the basic idea still applies. Now I want to go a step further and enable my game to be changed during run time. The file I am loading trough my content pipeline extension is very simple, it only contains decimal numbers, so I want to enable the user to change that file at will and reload it while the game is running (without recompiling as I had to do so far). This file is a very simplified version of level editor, meaning that it contains rows like: 1 1,5 1,78 -3,6 Here, the first number determines the object that will be drawn to the scene, and the other 3 numbers are coordinates where that object will be placed. So, how can I change the file that contains these numbers so that the game loads it and redraws the scene accordingly? Thanks

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  • Render To Texture Using OpenGL is not working but normal rendering works just fine

    - by Franky Rivera
    things I initialize at the beginning of the program I realize not all of these pertain to my issue I just copy and pasted what I had //overall initialized //things openGL related I initialize earlier on in the project glClearColor( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); glClearDepth( 1.0f ); glEnable(GL_ALPHA_TEST); glEnable( GL_STENCIL_TEST ); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDepthFunc( GL_LEQUAL ); glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE); glFrontFace( GL_CCW ); glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL); glEnable(GL_BLEND); glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); glHint( GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST ); //we also initialize our shader programs //(i added some shader program functions for definitions) //this enum list is else where in code //i figured it would help show you guys more about my //shader compile creation function right under this enum list VVVVVV /*enum eSHADER_ATTRIB_LOCATION { VERTEX_ATTRIB = 0, NORMAL_ATTRIB = 2, COLOR_ATTRIB, COLOR2_ATTRIB, FOG_COORD, TEXTURE_COORD_ATTRIB0 = 8, TEXTURE_COORD_ATTRIB1, TEXTURE_COORD_ATTRIB2, TEXTURE_COORD_ATTRIB3, TEXTURE_COORD_ATTRIB4, TEXTURE_COORD_ATTRIB5, TEXTURE_COORD_ATTRIB6, TEXTURE_COORD_ATTRIB7 }; */ //if we fail making our shader leave if( !testShader.CreateShader( "SimpleShader.vp", "SimpleShader.fp", 3, VERTEX_ATTRIB, "vVertexPos", NORMAL_ATTRIB, "vNormal", TEXTURE_COORD_ATTRIB0, "vTexCoord" ) ) return false; if( !testScreenShader.CreateShader( "ScreenShader.vp", "ScreenShader.fp", 3, VERTEX_ATTRIB, "vVertexPos", NORMAL_ATTRIB, "vNormal", TEXTURE_COORD_ATTRIB0, "vTexCoord" ) ) return false; SHADER PROGRAM FUNCTIONS bool CShaderProgram::CreateShader( const char* szVertexShaderName, const char* szFragmentShaderName, ... ) { //here are our handles for the openGL shaders int iGLVertexShaderHandle = -1, iGLFragmentShaderHandle = -1; //get our shader data char *vData = 0, *fData = 0; int vLength = 0, fLength = 0; LoadShaderFile( szVertexShaderName, &vData, &vLength ); LoadShaderFile( szFragmentShaderName, &fData, &fLength ); //data if( !vData ) return false; //data if( !fData ) { delete[] vData; return false; } //create both our shader objects iGLVertexShaderHandle = glCreateShader( GL_VERTEX_SHADER ); iGLFragmentShaderHandle = glCreateShader( GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER ); //well we got this far so we have dynamic data to clean up //load vertex shader glShaderSource( iGLVertexShaderHandle, 1, (const char**)(&vData), &vLength ); //load fragment shader glShaderSource( iGLFragmentShaderHandle, 1, (const char**)(&fData), &fLength ); //we are done with our data delete it delete[] vData; delete[] fData; //compile them both glCompileShader( iGLVertexShaderHandle ); //get shader status int iShaderOk; glGetShaderiv( iGLVertexShaderHandle, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &iShaderOk ); if( iShaderOk == GL_FALSE ) { char* buffer; //get what happend with our shader glGetShaderiv( iGLVertexShaderHandle, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &iShaderOk ); buffer = new char[iShaderOk]; glGetShaderInfoLog( iGLVertexShaderHandle, iShaderOk, NULL, buffer ); //sprintf_s( buffer, "Failure Our Object For %s was not created", szFileName ); MessageBoxA( NULL, buffer, szVertexShaderName, MB_OK ); //delete our dynamic data free( buffer ); glDeleteShader(iGLVertexShaderHandle); return false; } glCompileShader( iGLFragmentShaderHandle ); //get shader status glGetShaderiv( iGLFragmentShaderHandle, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &iShaderOk ); if( iShaderOk == GL_FALSE ) { char* buffer; //get what happend with our shader glGetShaderiv( iGLFragmentShaderHandle, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &iShaderOk ); buffer = new char[iShaderOk]; glGetShaderInfoLog( iGLFragmentShaderHandle, iShaderOk, NULL, buffer ); //sprintf_s( buffer, "Failure Our Object For %s was not created", szFileName ); MessageBoxA( NULL, buffer, szFragmentShaderName, MB_OK ); //delete our dynamic data free( buffer ); glDeleteShader(iGLFragmentShaderHandle); return false; } //lets check to see if the fragment shader compiled int iCompiled = 0; glGetShaderiv( iGLVertexShaderHandle, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &iCompiled ); if( !iCompiled ) { //this shader did not compile leave return false; } //lets check to see if the fragment shader compiled glGetShaderiv( iGLFragmentShaderHandle, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &iCompiled ); if( !iCompiled ) { char* buffer; //get what happend with our shader glGetShaderiv( iGLFragmentShaderHandle, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &iShaderOk ); buffer = new char[iShaderOk]; glGetShaderInfoLog( iGLFragmentShaderHandle, iShaderOk, NULL, buffer ); //sprintf_s( buffer, "Failure Our Object For %s was not created", szFileName ); MessageBoxA( NULL, buffer, szFragmentShaderName, MB_OK ); //delete our dynamic data free( buffer ); glDeleteShader(iGLFragmentShaderHandle); return false; } //make our new shader program m_iShaderProgramHandle = glCreateProgram(); glAttachShader( m_iShaderProgramHandle, iGLVertexShaderHandle ); glAttachShader( m_iShaderProgramHandle, iGLFragmentShaderHandle ); glLinkProgram( m_iShaderProgramHandle ); int iLinked = 0; glGetProgramiv( m_iShaderProgramHandle, GL_LINK_STATUS, &iLinked ); if( !iLinked ) { //we didn't link return false; } //NOW LETS CREATE ALL OUR HANDLES TO OUR PROPER LIKING //start from this parameter va_list parseList; va_start( parseList, szFragmentShaderName ); //read in number of variables if any unsigned uiNum = 0; uiNum = va_arg( parseList, unsigned ); //for loop through our attribute pairs int enumType = 0; for( unsigned x = 0; x < uiNum; ++x ) { //specify our attribute locations enumType = va_arg( parseList, int ); char* name = va_arg( parseList, char* ); glBindAttribLocation( m_iShaderProgramHandle, enumType, name ); } //end our list parsing va_end( parseList ); //relink specify //we have custom specified our attribute locations glLinkProgram( m_iShaderProgramHandle ); //fill our handles InitializeHandles( ); //everything went great return true; } void CShaderProgram::InitializeHandles( void ) { m_uihMVP = glGetUniformLocation( m_iShaderProgramHandle, "mMVP" ); m_uihWorld = glGetUniformLocation( m_iShaderProgramHandle, "mWorld" ); m_uihView = glGetUniformLocation( m_iShaderProgramHandle, "mView" ); m_uihProjection = glGetUniformLocation( m_iShaderProgramHandle, "mProjection" ); ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //texture handles m_uihDiffuseMap = glGetUniformLocation( m_iShaderProgramHandle, "diffuseMap" ); if( m_uihDiffuseMap != -1 ) { //store what texture index this handle will be in the shader glUniform1i( m_uihDiffuseMap, RM_DIFFUSE+GL_TEXTURE0 ); (0)+ } m_uihNormalMap = glGetUniformLocation( m_iShaderProgramHandle, "normalMap" ); if( m_uihNormalMap != -1 ) { //store what texture index this handle will be in the shader glUniform1i( m_uihNormalMap, RM_NORMAL+GL_TEXTURE0 ); (1)+ } } void CShaderProgram::SetDiffuseMap( const unsigned& uihDiffuseMap ) { (0)+ glActiveTexture( RM_DIFFUSE+GL_TEXTURE0 ); glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D, uihDiffuseMap ); } void CShaderProgram::SetNormalMap( const unsigned& uihNormalMap ) { (1)+ glActiveTexture( RM_NORMAL+GL_TEXTURE0 ); glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D, uihNormalMap ); } //MY 2 TEST SHADERS also my math order is correct it pertains to my matrix ordering in my math library once again i've tested the basic rendering. rendering to the screen works fine ----------------------------------------SIMPLE SHADER------------------------------------- //vertex shader looks like this #version 330 in vec3 vVertexPos; in vec3 vNormal; in vec2 vTexCoord; uniform mat4 mWorld; // Model Matrix uniform mat4 mView; // Camera View Matrix uniform mat4 mProjection;// Camera Projection Matrix out vec2 vTexCoordVary; // Texture coord to the fragment program out vec3 vNormalColor; void main( void ) { //pass the texture coordinate vTexCoordVary = vTexCoord; vNormalColor = vNormal; //calculate our model view projection matrix mat4 mMVP = (( mWorld * mView ) * mProjection ); //result our position gl_Position = vec4( vVertexPos, 1 ) * mMVP; } //fragment shader looks like this #version 330 in vec2 vTexCoordVary; in vec3 vNormalColor; uniform sampler2D diffuseMap; uniform sampler2D normalMap; out vec4 fragColor[2]; void main( void ) { //CORRECT fragColor[0] = texture( normalMap, vTexCoordVary ); fragColor[1] = vec4( vNormalColor, 1.0 ); }; ----------------------------------------SCREEN SHADER------------------------------------- //vertext shader looks like this #version 330 in vec3 vVertexPos; // This is the position of the vertex coming in in vec2 vTexCoord; // This is the texture coordinate.... out vec2 vTexCoordVary; // Texture coord to the fragment program void main( void ) { vTexCoordVary = vTexCoord; //set our position gl_Position = vec4( vVertexPos.xyz, 1.0f ); } //fragment shader looks like this #version 330 in vec2 vTexCoordVary; // Incoming "varying" texture coordinate uniform sampler2D diffuseMap;//the tile detail texture uniform sampler2D normalMap; //the normal map from earlier out vec4 vTheColorOfThePixel; void main( void ) { //CORRECT vTheColorOfThePixel = texture( normalMap, vTexCoordVary ); }; .Class RenderTarget Main Functions //here is my render targets create function bool CRenderTarget::Create( const unsigned uiNumTextures, unsigned uiWidth, unsigned uiHeight, int iInternalFormat, bool bDepthWanted ) { if( uiNumTextures <= 0 ) return false; //generate our variables glGenFramebuffers(1, &m_uifboHandle); // Initialize FBO glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, m_uifboHandle); m_uiNumTextures = uiNumTextures; if( bDepthWanted ) m_uiNumTextures += 1; m_uiTextureHandle = new unsigned int[uiNumTextures]; glGenTextures( uiNumTextures, m_uiTextureHandle ); for( unsigned x = 0; x < uiNumTextures-1; ++x ) { glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_uiTextureHandle[x]); // Reserve space for our 2D render target glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, iInternalFormat, uiWidth, uiHeight, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, NULL); glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 + x, GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_uiTextureHandle[x], 0); } //if we need one for depth testing if( bDepthWanted ) { glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_uiTextureHandle[uiNumTextures-1], 0); glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, GL_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_uiTextureHandle[uiNumTextures-1], 0);*/ // Must attach texture to framebuffer. Has Stencil and depth glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, m_uiTextureHandle[uiNumTextures-1]); glRenderbufferStorage(GL_RENDERBUFFER, /*GL_DEPTH_STENCIL*/GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8, TEXTURE_WIDTH, TEXTURE_HEIGHT ); glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER, m_uiTextureHandle[uiNumTextures-1]); glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER, m_uiTextureHandle[uiNumTextures-1]); } glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0); //everything went fine return true; } void CRenderTarget::Bind( const int& iTargetAttachmentLoc, const unsigned& uiWhichTexture, const bool bBindFrameBuffer ) { if( bBindFrameBuffer ) glBindFramebuffer( GL_FRAMEBUFFER, m_uifboHandle ); if( uiWhichTexture < m_uiNumTextures ) glFramebufferTexture(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 + iTargetAttachmentLoc, m_uiTextureHandle[uiWhichTexture], 0); } void CRenderTarget::UnBind( void ) { //default our binding glBindFramebuffer( GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0 ); } //this is all in a test project so here's my straight forward rendering function for testing this render function does basic rendering steps keep in mind i have already tested my textures i have already tested my box thats being rendered all basic rendering works fine its just when i try to render to a texture then display it in a render surface that it does not work. Also I have tested my render surface it is bound exactly to the screen coordinate space void TestRenderSteps( void ) { //Clear the color and the depth glClearColor( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT ); //bind the shader program glUseProgram( testShader.m_iShaderProgramHandle ); //1) grab the vertex buffer related to our rendering glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, CVertexBufferManager::GetInstance()->GetPositionNormalTexBuffer().GetBufferHandle() ); //2) how our stream will be split here ( 4 bytes position, ..ext ) CVertexBufferManager::GetInstance()->GetPositionNormalTexBuffer().MapVertexStride(); //3) set the index buffer if needed glBindBuffer( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, CIndexBuffer::GetInstance()->GetBufferHandle() ); //send the needed information into the shader testShader.SetWorldMatrix( boxPosition ); testShader.SetViewMatrix( Static_Camera.GetView( ) ); testShader.SetProjectionMatrix( Static_Camera.GetProjection( ) ); testShader.SetDiffuseMap( iTextureID ); testShader.SetNormalMap( iTextureID2 ); GLenum buffers[] = { GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT1 }; glDrawBuffers(2, buffers); //bind to our render target //RM_DIFFUSE, RM_NORMAL are enums (0 && 1) renderTarget.Bind( RM_DIFFUSE, 1, true ); renderTarget.Bind( RM_NORMAL, 1, false); //false because buffer is already bound //i clear here just to clear the texture to make it a default value of white //by doing this i can see if what im rendering to my screen is just drawing to the screen //or if its my render target defaulted glClearColor( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ); glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT ); //i have this box object which i draw testBox.Draw(); //the draw call looks like this //my normal rendering works just fine so i know this draw is fine // glDrawElementsBaseVertex( m_sides[x].GetPrimitiveType(), // m_sides[x].GetPrimitiveCount() * 3, // GL_UNSIGNED_INT, // BUFFER_OFFSET(sizeof(unsigned int) * m_sides[x].GetStartIndex()), // m_sides[x].GetStartVertex( ) ); //we unbind the target back to default renderTarget.UnBind(); //i stop mapping my vertex format CVertexBufferManager::GetInstance()->GetPositionNormalTexBuffer().UnMapVertexStride(); //i go back to default in using no shader program glUseProgram( 0 ); //now that everything is drawn to the textures //lets draw our screen surface and pass it our 2 filled out textures //NOW RENDER THE TEXTURES WE COLLECTED TO THE SCREEN QUAD //bind the shader program glUseProgram( testScreenShader.m_iShaderProgramHandle ); //1) grab the vertex buffer related to our rendering glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, CVertexBufferManager::GetInstance()->GetPositionTexBuffer().GetBufferHandle() ); //2) how our stream will be split here CVertexBufferManager::GetInstance()->GetPositionTexBuffer().MapVertexStride(); //3) set the index buffer if needed glBindBuffer( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, CIndexBuffer::GetInstance()->GetBufferHandle() ); //pass our 2 filled out textures (in the shader im just using the diffuse //i wanted to see if i was rendering anything before i started getting into other techniques testScreenShader.SetDiffuseMap( renderTarget.GetTextureHandle(0) ); //SetDiffuseMap definitions in shader program class testScreenShader.SetNormalMap( renderTarget.GetTextureHandle(1) ); //SetNormalMap definitions in shader program class //DO the draw call drawing our screen rectangle glDrawElementsBaseVertex( m_ScreenRect.GetPrimitiveType(), m_ScreenRect.GetPrimitiveCount() * 3, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, BUFFER_OFFSET(sizeof(unsigned int) * m_ScreenRect.GetStartIndex()), m_ScreenRect.GetStartVertex( ) );*/ //unbind our vertex mapping CVertexBufferManager::GetInstance()->GetPositionTexBuffer().UnMapVertexStride(); //default to no shader program glUseProgram( 0 ); } Last words: 1) I can render my box just fine 2) i can render my screen rect just fine 3) I cannot render my box into a texture then display it into my screen rect 4) This entire project is just a test project I made to test different rendering practices. So excuse any "ugly-ish" unclean code. This was made just on a fly run through when I was trying new test cases.

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  • Why does this game loop stop my process from responding?

    - by Ben
    I implemented a fixed time step loop for my C# game. All it does at the moment is make a square bounce around the screen. The problem I'm having is that when I execute the program, I can't close it from the window's close button and the cursor is stuck on the "busy" icon. I have to go into Visual Studio and stop the program manually. Here's the loop at the moment: public void run() { int updates = 0; int frames = 0; double msPerTick = 1000.0 / 60.0; double threshhold = 0; long lastTime = getCurrentTime(); long lastTimer = getCurrentTime(); while (true) { long currTime = getCurrentTime(); threshhold += (currTime - lastTime) / msPerTick; lastTime = currTime; while (threshhold >= 1) { update(); updates++; threshhold -= 1; } this.Refresh(); frames++; if ((getCurrentTime() - lastTimer) >= 1000) { this.Text = updates + " updates and " + frames + " frames per second"; updates = 0; frames = 0; lastTimer += 1000; } } } Why is this happening?

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