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• How can I get into the educational market?

  - by mmyers

  I believe that my current game project is very well-suited for educational gaming; so well-suited, in fact, that I know of several different schools (one community college and at least one or two high schools) that have used versions of it at some time or another. And that's without any such marketing on my part. I'd like to expand on this part of the potential user base. But I have absolutely no experience in dealing with school administrations. How can I break into this market enough to be noticed? And on a side note, could marketing the game as educational kill the gamers market?

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• Wavefront mesh: determine which face a point belongs to?

  - by Mina Samy

  I have a 3D mesh Wavefront .obj file. Is there any algorithm that takes an arbitrary point coordinates as input and determines which face of the mesh that point belongs to ?? The mesh is rendered on the screen, then the user clicks on it, I want to determine which part of the mesh the user has clicked on ? Here's the code using LibGDX: Vector3 intersection=new Vector3(); Ray ray=camera.getPickRay(x, y); //vertices is an array that hold the coordinates of the mesh boolean ok=Intersector.intersectRayTriangles(ray, vertices, intersection); Thanks

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• Looking for games in environments similar to a pinball table

  - by chaosTechnician

  I'm on a team of students working on a third-person adventure game that takes place inside a pinball machine (like, small scale, on the surface, avoiding pinballs, etc). One of my responsibilities on the project is to find games that are similar to this concept in appearance and/or gameplay for reference. So, does anyone know of games (other than pinball) that takes place in a pinball-like environment? Or, adventure games that take place in small, cramped environments with multiple paths around the world? Or games in which the player is often bombarded with balls (or other similar unintelligent obstacles)? Or games that take place on a small scale?

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• About floating point precision and why do we still use it

  - by system_is_b0rken

  Floating point has always been troublesome for precision on large worlds. This article explains behind-the-scenes and offers the obvious alternative - fixed point numbers. Some facts are really impressive, like: "Well 64 bits of precision gets you to the furthest distance of Pluto from the Sun (7.4 billion km) with sub-micrometer precision. " Well sub-micrometer precision is more than any fps needs (for positions and even velocities), and it would enable you to build really big worlds. My question is, why do we still use floating point if fixed point has such advantages? Most rendering APIs and physics libraries use floating point (and suffer it's disadvantages, so developers need to get around them). Are they so much slower? Additionally, how do you think scalable planetary engines like outerra or infinity handle the large scale? Do they use fixed point for positions or do they have some space dividing algorithm?

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• Best way to implement a simple bullet trajectory

  - by AirieFenix

  I searched and searched and although it's a fair simple question, I don't find the proper answer but general ideas (which I already have). I have a top-down game and I want to implement a gun which shoots bullets that follow a simple path (no physics nor change of trajectory, just go from A to B thing). a: vector of the position of the gun/player. b: vector of the mouse position (cross-hair). w: the vector of the bullet's trajectory. So, w=b-a. And the position of the bullet = [x=x0+speed*time*normalized w.x , y=y0+speed*time * normalized w.y]. I have the constructor: public Shot(int shipX, int shipY, int mouseX, int mouseY) { //I get mouse with Gdx.input.getX()/getY() ... this.shotTime = TimeUtils.millis(); this.posX = shipX; this.posY = shipY; //I used aVector = aVector.nor() here before but for some reason didn't work float tmp = (float) (Math.pow(mouseX-shipX, 2) + Math.pow(mouseY-shipY, 2)); tmp = (float) Math.sqrt(Math.abs(tmp)); this.vecX = (mouseX-shipX)/tmp; this.vecY = (mouseY-shipY)/tmp; } And here I update the position and draw the shot: public void drawShot(SpriteBatch batch) { this.lifeTime = TimeUtils.millis() - this.shotTime; //position = positionBefore + v*t this.posX = this.posX + this.vecX*this.lifeTime*speed*Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime(); this.posY = this.posY + this.vecY*this.lifeTime*speed*Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime(); ... } Now, the behavior of the bullet seems very awkward, not going exactly where my mouse is (it's like the mouse is 30px off) and with a random speed. I know I probably need to open the old algebra book from college but I'd like somebody says if I'm in the right direction (or points me to it); if it's a calculation problem, a code problem or both. Also, is it possible that Gdx.input.getX() gives me non-precise position? Because when I draw the cross-hair it also draws off the cursor position. Sorry for the long post and sorry if it's a very basic question. Thanks!

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• Multiple enemy array in LibGDX

  - by johnny-b

  I am trying to make a multiple enemy array, where every 30 secods a new bullet comes from a random point. And if the bullet is clicked it should disapear and a pop like an explosion should appear. And if the bullet hits the ball then the ball pops. so the bullet should change to a different sprite or texture. same with the ball pop. But all that happens is the bullet if touched pops and nothing else happens. And if modified then the bullet keeps flashing as the update is way too much. I have added COMMENTS in the code to explain more on the issues. below is the code. if more code is needed i will provide. Thank you public class GameRenderer { private GameWorld myWorld; private OrthographicCamera cam; private ShapeRenderer shapeRenderer; private SpriteBatch batcher; // Game Objects private Ball ball; private ScrollHandler scroller; private Background background; private Bullet bullet1; private BulletPop bPop; private Array<Bullet> bullets; // This is for the delay of the bullet coming one by one every 30 seconds. /** The time of the last shot fired, we set it to the current time in nano when the object is first created */ double lastShot = TimeUtils.nanoTime(); /** Convert 30 seconds into nano seconds, so 30,000 milli = 30 seconds */ double shotFreq = TimeUtils.millisToNanos(30000); // Game Assets private TextureRegion bg, bPop; private Animation bulletAnimation, ballAnimation; private Animation ballPopAnimation; public GameRenderer(GameWorld world) { myWorld = world; cam = new OrthographicCamera(); cam.setToOrtho(true, 480, 320); batcher = new SpriteBatch(); // Attach batcher to camera batcher.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); shapeRenderer = new ShapeRenderer(); shapeRenderer.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); // This is suppose to produce 10 bullets at random places on the background. bullets = new Array<Bullet>(); Bullet bullet = null; float bulletX = 00.0f; float bulletY = 00.0f; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { bulletX = MathUtils.random(-10, 10); bulletY = MathUtils.random(-10, 10); bullet = new Bullet(bulletX, bulletY); AssetLoader.bullet1.flip(true, false); AssetLoader.bullet2.flip(true, false); bullets.add(bullet); } // Call helper methods to initialize instance variables initGameObjects(); initAssets(); } private void initGameObjects() { ball = GameWorld.getBall(); bullet1 = myWorld.getBullet1(); bPop = myWorld.getBulletPop(); scroller = myWorld.getScroller(); } private void initAssets() { bg = AssetLoader.bg; ballAnimation = AssetLoader.ballAnimation; bullet1Animation = AssetLoader.bullet1Animation; ballPopAnimation = AssetLoader.ballPopAnimation; } // This is to take the bullet away when clicked or touched. public void onClick() { for (int i = 0; i < bullets.size; i++) { if (bullets.get(i).getBounds().contains(0, 0)) bullets.removeIndex(i); } } private void drawBackground() { batcher.draw(bg1, background.getX(), background.getY(), background.getWidth(), backgroundMove.getHeight()); } public void render(float runTime) { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL30.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); batcher.begin(); // Disable transparency // This is good for performance when drawing images that do not require // transparency. batcher.disableBlending(); drawBackground(); batcher.enableBlending(); // when the bullet hits the ball, it should be disposed or taken away and a ball pop sprite/texture should be put in its place if (bullet1.collides(ball)) { // draws the bPop texture but the bullet does not go just keeps going around, and the bPop texture goes. batcher.draw(AssetLoader.bPop, 195, 273); } batcher.draw(AssetLoader.ballAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), ball.getX(), ball.getY(), ball.getWidth(), ball.getHeight()); // this is where i am trying to make the bullets come one by one, and if removed via the onClick() then bPop animation // should play but does not??? if(TimeUtils.nanoTime() - lastShot > shotFreq){ // Create your stuff for (int i = 0; i < bullets.size; i++) { bullets.get(i); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.bullet1Animation.getKeyFrame(runTime), bullet1.getX(), bullet1.getY(), bullet1.getOriginX(), bullet1.getOriginY(), bullet1.getWidth(), bullet1.getHeight(), 1.0f, 1.0f, bullet1.getRotation()); if (bullets.removeValue(bullet1, false)) { batcher.draw(AssetLoader.ballPopAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), bPop1.getX(), bPop1.getY(), bPop1.getWidth(), bPop1.getHeight()); } } /* Very important to set the last shot to now, or it will mess up and go full auto */ lastShot = TimeUtils.nanoTime(); } // End SpriteBatch batcher.end(); } } Thank you

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• Converting a DrawModel() using BasicEffect to one using Effect

  - by Fibericon

  Take this DrawModel() provided by MSDN: private void DrawModel(Model m) { Matrix[] transforms = new Matrix[m.Bones.Count]; float aspectRatio = graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width / graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height; m.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(transforms); Matrix projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.ToRadians(45.0f), aspectRatio, 1.0f, 10000.0f); Matrix view = Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(0.0f, 50.0f, Zoom), Vector3.Zero, Vector3.Up); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in m.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.View = view; effect.Projection = projection; effect.World = gameWorldRotation * transforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * Matrix.CreateTranslation(Position); } mesh.Draw(); } } How would I apply a custom effect to a model with that? Effect doesn't have View, Projection, or World members. This is what they recommend replacing the foreach loop with: foreach (ModelMesh mesh in terrain.Meshes) { foreach (Effect effect in mesh.Effects) { mesh.Draw(); } } Of course, that doesn't really work. What else needs to be done?

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• How can I generate signed distance fields (2D) in real time, fast?

  - by heishe

  In a previous question, it was suggested that signed distance fields can be precomputed, loaded at runtime and then used from there. For reasons I will explain at the end of this question (for people interested), I need to create the distance fields in real time. There are some papers out there for different methods which are supposed to be viable in real-time environments, such as methods for Chamfer distance transforms and Voronoi diagram-approximation based transforms (as suggested in this presentation by the Pixeljunk Shooter dev guy), but I (and thus can be assumed a lot of other people) have a very hard time actually putting them to use, since they're usually long, largely bloated with math and not very algorithmic in their explanation. What algorithm would you suggest for creating the distance fields in real-time (favourably on the GPU) especially considering the resulting quality of the distance fields? Since I'm looking for an actual explanation/tutorial as opposed to a link to just another paper or slide, this question will receive a bounty once it's eligible for one :-). Here's why I need to do it in real time: There's something else:

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• Triangle Picking Picking Back faces

  - by Tangeleno

  I'm having a bit of trouble with 3D picking, at first I thought my ray was inaccurate but it turns out that the picking is happening on faces facing the camera and faces facing away from the camera which I'm currently culling. Here's my ray creation code, I'm pretty sure the problem isn't here but I've been wrong before. private uint Pick() { Ray cursorRay = CalculateCursorRay(); Vector3? point = Control.Mesh.RayCast(cursorRay); if (point != null) { Tile hitTile = Control.TileMesh.GetTileAtPoint(point); return hitTile == null ? uint.MaxValue : (uint)(hitTile.X + hitTile.Y * Control.Generator.TilesWide); } return uint.MaxValue; } private Ray CalculateCursorRay() { Vector3 nearPoint = Control.Camera.Unproject(new Vector3(Cursor.Position.X, Control.ClientRectangle.Height - Cursor.Position.Y, 0f)); Vector3 farPoint = Control.Camera.Unproject(new Vector3(Cursor.Position.X, Control.ClientRectangle.Height - Cursor.Position.Y, 1f)); Vector3 direction = farPoint - nearPoint; direction.Normalize(); return new Ray(nearPoint, direction); } public Vector3 Camera.Unproject(Vector3 source) { Vector4 result; result.X = (source.X - _control.ClientRectangle.X) * 2 / _control.ClientRectangle.Width - 1; result.Y = (source.Y - _control.ClientRectangle.Y) * 2 / _control.ClientRectangle.Height - 1; result.Z = source.Z - 1; if (_farPlane - 1 == 0) result.Z = 0; else result.Z = result.Z / (_farPlane - 1); result.W = 1f; result = Vector4.Transform(result, Matrix4.Invert(ProjectionMatrix)); result = Vector4.Transform(result, Matrix4.Invert(ViewMatrix)); result = Vector4.Transform(result, Matrix4.Invert(_world)); result = Vector4.Divide(result, result.W); return new Vector3(result.X, result.Y, result.Z); } And my triangle intersection code. Ripped mainly from the XNA picking sample. public float? Intersects(Ray ray) { float? closestHit = Bounds.Intersects(ray); if (closestHit != null && Vertices.Length == 3) { Vector3 e1, e2; Vector3.Subtract(ref Vertices[1].Position, ref Vertices[0].Position, out e1); Vector3.Subtract(ref Vertices[2].Position, ref Vertices[0].Position, out e2); Vector3 directionCrossEdge2; Vector3.Cross(ref ray.Direction, ref e2, out directionCrossEdge2); float determinant; Vector3.Dot(ref e1, ref directionCrossEdge2, out determinant); if (determinant > -float.Epsilon && determinant < float.Epsilon) return null; float inverseDeterminant = 1.0f/determinant; Vector3 distanceVector; Vector3.Subtract(ref ray.Position, ref Vertices[0].Position, out distanceVector); float triangleU; Vector3.Dot(ref distanceVector, ref directionCrossEdge2, out triangleU); triangleU *= inverseDeterminant; if (triangleU < 0 || triangleU > 1) return null; Vector3 distanceCrossEdge1; Vector3.Cross(ref distanceVector, ref e1, out distanceCrossEdge1); float triangleV; Vector3.Dot(ref ray.Direction, ref distanceCrossEdge1, out triangleV); triangleV *= inverseDeterminant; if (triangleV < 0 || triangleU + triangleV > 1) return null; float rayDistance; Vector3.Dot(ref e2, ref distanceCrossEdge1, out rayDistance); rayDistance *= inverseDeterminant; if (rayDistance < 0) return null; return rayDistance; } return closestHit; } I'll admit I don't fully understand all of the math behind the intersection and that is something I'm working on, but my understanding was that if rayDistance was less than 0 the face was facing away from the camera, and shouldn't be counted as a hit. So my question is, is there an issue with my intersection or ray creation code, or is there another check I need to perform to tell if the face is facing away from the camera, and if so any hints on what that check might contain would be appreciated.

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• Hashing 3D position into 2D position

  - by notabene

  I am doing volumetric raycasting and curently working on depth jitter. I have 3D position on ray and want to sample 2D noise texture to jitter the depth. Function for converting (or hashing) 3D position to 2D have to produce absolutely different numbers for a little changes (especialy because i am sampling in texture space so sample values differs very very little) and have to be "shader-wise" - so forget about branches, cycles etc. I'm looking forward for yours nice and fast solutions.

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• Deferred rendering order?

  - by Nick Wiggill

  There are some effects for which I must do multi-pass rendering. I've got the basics set up (FBO rendering etc.), but I'm trying to get my head around the most suitable setup. Here's what I'm thinking... The framebuffer objects: FBO 1 has a color attachment and a depth attachment. FBO 2 has a color attachment. The render passes: Render g-buffer: normals and depth (used by outline & DoF blur shaders); output to FBO no. 1. Render solid geometry, bold outlines (as in toon shader), and fog; output to FBO no. 2. (can all render via a single fragment shader -- I think.) (optional) DoF blur the scene; output to the default frame buffer OR ELSE render FBO2 directly to default frame buffer. (optional) Mesh wireframes; composite over what's already in the default framebuffer. Does this order seem viable? Any obvious mistakes?

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• Designing a simple snake A.I

  - by DillPixel

  I've looked at some stuff online regarding this specific topic, and a lot of the info that I read involved graphs and path finding. I really don't want to get involved in something too complex & out of my level, and also I don't need my snake to be that intelligent (it will be a large board with the snake not growing in size on every munch). How could you structure a simpler AI for the snake that gets the job done relatively well? I would be able to get the snake to move towards the food item correctly, but my issue is that I'm not sure how to deal with the snake colliding with itself. Say the snake has a look ahead, and it finds that its tail is in the way, it could change direction, but what happens next? Any ideas on how to tackle this? Should the snake build an instruction set from every square, or should it think on the go?

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• Per fragment lighting with OpenGL 4.x tessellated model

  - by Finlaybob

  I'm experienced with OpenGL 3+. I'm dabbling with tessellation shaders and have now got to a point where I have a nicely tessellated teapot/plane demo (quick look here) As can be seen from the screenshots, the lighting is broken (though admittedly doesn't look too bad in the image) I've tried to add a normal map to the equation but it still doesn't come out right, I can calculate the normals, tangents and binormals per triangle in the geometry shader but still looks wrong. I think the question would be; How do I add per fragment lighting to a tessellated model? The teapot is 32 16-point patches, the plane is one single 16 point patch. The shaders are here, but they are a complete mess, so I don't blame anyone who cant make sense of them. But peruse at your leisure if you like. Also, if this question is more suited to be somewhere else i.e. Stack Overflow or the Programming stack please let me know.

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• Index Check and Correct Character Display in a Console Hangman Game for Java

  - by Jen

  I have this problem wherein, I can not display the correct characters given by the character. Here's what I meant: String words, in; String replaced_words; Scanner s = new Scanner (System.in); System.out.println("Enter a line of words basing on an event, verse, place or a name of a person."); words = s.nextLine(); System.out.println("The words you just placed are now accepted."); //using char array method, we tried to place the words into a characters array. char [] c = words.toCharArray(); // we need to replace the replaced_words = words.replace(' ', '_').replaceAll("[^\\-]", "-"); for (int i = 0; i < replaced_words.length(); i++) { System.out.print(replaced_words.charAt(i) + " "); } System.out.println("Now, please input a character, guessing the words you just placed."); in = s.nextLine(); in that code, want that the user, when types a word (or should it be character?), any of the correct character the user inputs will be displayed, and changes the hyphen to it...(more like the hangman series of games). How can I achieve this?

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• How can I get my meshes to work with Bullet Physics?

  - by Molmasepic

  The problem is that I'm trying to use my meshes with Bullet Physics for the collision part of my game. When I attempted doing this method with my GLM(model loading library by nate robins) model, I get a segmentation fault in the debug, so I figured that it doesnt like the coordinate variables of the model. If i use blender to export my model as a collision file, what type of file should I use? I have heard of a .bullet exporter, but i dont know hot to integrate this python script into my Blender 2.5 program.

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• Basic 3D Collision detection in XNA 4.0

  - by NDraskovic

  I have a problem with detecting collision between 2 models using BoundingSpheres in XNA 4.0. The code I'm using i very simple: private bool IsCollision(Model model1, Matrix world1, Model model2, Matrix world2) { for (int meshIndex1 = 0; meshIndex1 < model1.Meshes.Count; meshIndex1++) { BoundingSphere sphere1 = model1.Meshes[meshIndex1].BoundingSphere; sphere1 = sphere1.Transform(world1); for (int meshIndex2 = 0; meshIndex2 < model2.Meshes.Count; meshIndex2++) { BoundingSphere sphere2 = model2.Meshes[meshIndex2].BoundingSphere; sphere2 = sphere2.Transform(world2); if (sphere1.Intersects(sphere2)) return true; } } return false; } The problem I'm getting is that when I call this method from the Update method, the program behaves as if this method always returns true value (which of course is not correct). The code for calling is very simple (although this is only the test code): if (IsCollision(model1, worldModel1, model2, worldModel2)) { Window.Title = "Intersects"; } What is causing this?

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• ssao implementation

  - by Irbis

  I try to implement a ssao based on this tutorial: link I use a deferred rendering and world coordinates for shading calculations. When saving gbuffer a vertex shader output looks like this: worldPosition = vec3(ModelMatrix * vec4(inPosition, 1.0)); normal = normalize(normalModelMatrix * inNormal); gl_Position = ProjectionMatrix * ViewMatrix * ModelMatrix * vec4(inPosition, 1.0); Next for a ssao calculations I render a scene as a full screen quad and I save an occlusion parameter in a texture. (Vertex positions in the world space: link Normals in the world space: link) SSAO implementation: subroutine (RenderPassType) void ssao() { vec2 texCoord = CalcTexCoord(); vec3 worldPos = texture(texture0, texCoord).xyz; vec3 normal = normalize(texture(texture1, texCoord).xyz); vec2 noiseScale = vec2(screenSize.x / 4, screenSize.y / 4); vec3 rvec = texture(texture2, texCoord * noiseScale).xyz; vec3 tangent = normalize(rvec - normal * dot(rvec, normal)); vec3 bitangent = cross(normal, tangent); mat3 tbn = mat3(tangent, bitangent, normal); float occlusion = 0.0; float radius = 4.0; for (int i = 0; i < kernelSize; ++i) { vec3 pix = tbn * kernel[i]; pix = pix * radius + worldPos; vec4 offset = vec4(pix, 1.0); offset = ProjectionMatrix * ViewMatrix * offset; offset.xy /= offset.w; offset.xy = offset.xy * 0.5 + 0.5; float sample_depth = texture(texture0, offset.xy).z; float range_check = abs(worldPos.z - sample_depth) < radius ? 1.0 : 0.0; occlusion += (sample_depth <= pix.z ? 1.0 : 0.0); } outputColor = vec4(occlusion, occlusion, occlusion, 1); } That code gives following results: camera looking towards -z world space: link camera looking towards +z world space: link I wonder if it is possible to use world coordinates in the above code ? When I move camera I get different results because world space positions don't change. Can I treat worldPos.z as a linear depth ? What should I change to get a correct results ? I except the white areas in place of occlusion, so the ground should has the white areas only near to the object.

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• Unable to find good parameters for behavior of a puck in Farseer

  - by Krumelur

  EDIT: I have tried all kinds of variations now. The last one was to adjust the linear velocity in each step: newVel = oldVel * 0.9f - all of this including your proposals kind of work, however in the end if the velocity is little enough, the puck sticks to the wall and slides either vertically or horizontally. I can't get rid of this behavior. I want it to bounce, no matter how slow it is. Retitution is 1 for all objects, Friction is 0 for all. There is no gravity. What am I possibly doing wrong? In my battle to learn and understand Farseer I'm trying to setup a simple Air Hockey like table with a puck on it. The table's border body is made up from: Vertices aBorders = new Vertices( 4 ); aBorders.Add( new Vector2( -fHalfWidth, fHalfHeight ) ); aBorders.Add( new Vector2( fHalfWidth, fHalfHeight ) ); aBorders.Add( new Vector2( fHalfWidth, -fHalfHeight ) ); aBorders.Add( new Vector2( -fHalfWidth, -fHalfHeight ) ); FixtureFactory.AttachLoopShape( aBorders, this ); this.CollisionCategories = Category.All; this.CollidesWith = Category.All; this.Position = Vector2.Zero; this.Restitution = 1f; this.Friction = 0f; The puck body is defined with: FixtureFactory.AttachCircle( DIAMETER_PHYSIC_UNITS / 2f, 0.5f, this ); this.Restitution = 0.1f; this.Friction = 0.5f; this.BodyType = FarseerPhysics.Dynamics.BodyType.Dynamic; this.LinearDamping = 0.5f; this.Mass = 0.2f; I'm applying a linear force to the puck: this.oPuck.ApplyLinearImpulse( new Vector2( 1f, 1f ) ); The problem is that the puck and the walls appear to be sticky. This means that the puck's velocity drops to zero to quickly below a certain velocity. The puck gets reflected by the walls a couple of times and then just sticks to the left wall and continues sliding downwards the left wall. This looks very unrealistic. What I'm really looking for is that a puck-wall-collision does slow down the puck only a tiny little bit. After tweaking all values left and right I was wondering if I'm doing something wrong. Maybe some expert can comment on the parameters?

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• Jitter during wall collisions with Bullet Physics: contact/penetration tolerance?

  - by Niriel

  I use the bullet physics engine through Panda3d. My scene is still very simple, think 'Wolfenstein3d': tile-based, walls are solid cubes. I expect walls to block the player, and I expect the player to slide along the walls in case of non-normal incidence. What I get is what I expect, with one difference: there is some jitter. If I try to force myself into the wall, then I see the frames blinking quickly between two positions. These differ by about 0.04 units of distance, which corresponds to 4 cm in my game. I noticed a 4 cm elsewhere: the bottom of my player capsule is 4 cm below ground, when at rest. Does that mean that there is somewhere in the Bullet engine a default 0.04-units-long tolerance to differentiate contact from collision? If so, what should I do ? Should I change the scale of my game so that these 0.04 units correspond to 0.4 cm, making the jitter ten times smaller? Or can I ask bullet to change its tolerance to a smaller value? Edit This is the jitter I get: 6.155 - 6.118 = 0.036 LPoint3f(0, 6.11694, 0.835) LPoint3f(0, 6.15499, 0.835) LPoint3f(0, 6.11802, 0.835) LPoint3f(0, 6.15545, 0.835) LPoint3f(0, 6.11817, 0.835) LPoint3f(0, 6.15726, 0.835) LPoint3f(0, 6.11876, 0.835) LPoint3f(0, 6.15911, 0.835) LPoint3f(0, 6.11937, 0.835) I found a setMargin method. I set it to 5 mm both on the BoxShape for the walls and on the Capsule shape for the player. It still jitters by about 35 mm as illustrated by this log (11.117 - 11.082 = 0.035): LPoint3f(0, 11.0821, 0.905) LPoint3f(0, 11.1169, 0.905) LPoint3f(0, 11.082, 0.905) LPoint3f(0, 11.117, 0.905) LPoint3f(0, 11.082, 0.905) LPoint3f(0, 11.117, 0.905) LPoint3f(0, 11.0821, 0.905) LPoint3f(0, 11.1175, 0.905) LPoint3f(0, 11.0822, 0.905) LPoint3f(0, 11.1178, 0.905) LPoint3f(0, 11.0823, 0.905) LPoint3f(0, 11.1183, 0.905) The margin on the capsule did change my penetration with the floor though, I'm a bit higher (0.905 instead of 0.835). However, it did not change anything when colliding with the walls. How can I make the collisions against the walls less jittery? Edit, the day after: After more investigation, it appears that dynamic objects behave well. My problem comes from the btKinematicCharacterController that I use for moving my character; that stuff is totally bugged, according to the whole Internet :/.

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• Box2D relations

  - by Valentino Ru

  As far as I know, the unit in Box2D is meters. When I use Box2D in Processing with JBox2D, I set the "world size" as the window size specified in the setup(). Now I'm wondering if there is any function that scales down the world. For example, how can I simulate the throw of tennis ball within a room, without using a window of only 5 x 5 pixels? Additionally, is there any good documentation like the Java API?

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• Java - Draw Cards and Eliminate Cards Problem

  - by Jen

  I am having a problem in this question. I want a system inside a game wherein the player draws 2 cards randomly, and the enemy draws 2 cards randomly. Then, what the program does is to print out to the console the cards the player draw and the enemy's. The cards should not conflict and must not be the same. Then lastly, the program prints out the card that was not drawn by both the player and the enemy. Here's how I did it but it was lengthy and full of errors: import java.util.Random; public class Draw { public static Random random = new Random(); public static String cards[] = {"Hall", "Kitchen", "Billiard", "Study", "Pool"}; public static int playercounter; public static int enemycounter; public static String playercardA = null; public static String playercardB = null; public static String enemycardA = null; public static String enemycardB = null; public String lastcard = null; public static void playercardAdraw() { playercounter = random.nextInt(5); playercardA = cards[playercounter]; } public static void playercardBdraw() { playercounter=random.nextInt(5); playercardB= cards[playercounter]; if (playercardB==playercardA || playercardB == enemycardA || playercardB == enemycardB) { return; } } public static void enemycardAdraw () { enemycounter = random.nextInt(5); enemycardA=cards[enemycounter]; if (enemycardA == playercardA || enemycardA == playercardB) { return; } } public static void enemycardBdraw () { enemycounter = random.nextInt(5); enemycardB=cards[enemycounter]; if (enemycardB == playercardA || enemycardB == playercardB || enemycardB == enemycardA) { return; } } public static void main (String args []) { System.out.println("Starting to draw..."); System.out.println("Player's Turn: "); playercardAdraw(); System.out.println("Player's first card: " + playercardA); playercardBdraw(); System.out.println("Player's second card: " + playercardB); System.out.println("Enemy's Turn: "); enemycardAdraw(); System.out.println("Enemy's first card: " + enemycardA); enemycardBdraw(); System.out.println("Enemy's Second card: " + enemycardB); } }

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• In concept how is Animation done?

  - by sharethis

  The first approaches in animation for my game relied mostly on sine and cosine functions with the time as parameter. As a jump a perfect sine function is acceptable but for motions of arms, weapons or face it would look quite unnatural. Moreover patching every animation out of sine and cosine is stretched to its limits soon. I head of skeletons and rigging already. Although I could not implement skeletal animations I can't imagine that quite natural animations in major games are made of static predefined motion states. So how in general is animation done today?

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• Picking a suitable resolution for a modern low-res game?

  - by MrKatSwordfish

  I'm working on a 2D game project right now (using SFML+OpenGL and C++) and I'm trying to figure out how to go about choosing a resolution. I want my game to have a pixel resolution that is around that of classic '16bit' era consoles like the Super Nintendo or Neo Geo. However, I'd also like to have my game fit the 16:9 aspect ratio that most modern PC monitors use. Finally I'd like to be able to include an option for running full screen. I know that I could create my own low-res 16:9 resolution that is more-or-less around the size of SNES or NeoGeo games. However, the problem seems to be that doing so would leave me with a non-standard resolution that my monitor would not be able to support in fullscreen mode. For example, if i divide the common 16:9 resolution 1920x1080 by 4, I would get a 16:9 resolution that is relatively close to the resolution used by 16bit era games; 480x270. That would be fine in a windowed mode, but I don't think that it would be supported in fullscreen mode. How can I choose a resolution that suits my needs? Can I use something like 480x270? If so, how would I go about getting fullscreen mode to work with such a non-standard resolution? (I'm guessing OpenGL/SFML might have a way of up-scaling...but..)

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• XNA 2D Board game - trouble with the cursor

  - by Adorjan

  I just have started making a simple 2D board game using XNA, but I got stuck at the movement of the cursor. This is my problem: I have a 10x10 table on with I should use a cursor to navigate. I simply made that table with the spriteBatch.Draw() function because I couldn't do it on another way. So here is what I did with the cursor: public override void LoadContent() { ... mutato.Position = new Vector2(X, Y); //X=103, Y=107; mutato.Sebesseg = 45; ... mutato.Initialize(content.Load<Texture2D>("cursor"),mutato.Position,mutato.Sebesseg); ... } public override void HandleInput(InputState input) { if (input == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("input"); // Look up inputs for the active player profile. int playerIndex = (int)ControllingPlayer.Value; KeyboardState keyboardState = input.CurrentKeyboardStates[playerIndex]; if (input.IsPauseGame(ControllingPlayer) || gamePadDisconnected) { ScreenManager.AddScreen(new PauseMenuScreen(), ControllingPlayer); } else { // Otherwise move the player position. if (keyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Down)) { Y = (int)mutato.Position.Y + mutato.Move; } if (keyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Up)) { Y = (int)mutato.Position.Y - mutato.Move; } if (keyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { X = (int)mutato.Position.X - mutato.Move; } if (keyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { X = (int)mutato.Position.X + mutato.Move; } } } public override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { mutato.Draw(spriteBatch); } Here's the cursor's (mutato) class: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; namespace Battleship.Components { class Cursor { public Texture2D Cursortexture; public Vector2 Position; public int Move; public void Initialize(Texture2D texture, Vector2 position,int move) { Cursortexture = texture; Position = position; Move = move; } public void Update() { } public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { spriteBatch.Draw(Cursortexture, Position, Color.White); } } } And here is a part of the InputState class where I think I should change something: public bool IsNewKeyPress(Keys key, PlayerIndex? controllingPlayer, out PlayerIndex playerIndex) { if (controllingPlayer.HasValue) { // Read input from the specified player. playerIndex = controllingPlayer.Value; int i = (int)playerIndex; return (CurrentKeyboardStates[i].IsKeyDown(key) && LastKeyboardStates[i].IsKeyUp(key)); } } If I leave the movement operation like this it doesn't have any sense: X = (int)mutato.Position.X - mutato.Move; However if I modify it to this: X = (int)mutato.Position.X--; it moves smoothly. Instead of this I need to move the cursor by fields (45 pixels), but I don't have any idea how to manage it.

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• How can I design good continuous (seamless) tiles?

  - by Mikalichov

  I have trouble designing tiles so that when assembled, they don't look like tiles, but look like a homogeneous thing. For example, see the image below: Even though the main part of the grass is only one tile, you don't "see" the grid; you know where it is if you look a bit carefully, but it is not obvious. Whereas when I design tiles, you can only see "oh, jeez, 64 times the same tile," like in this image: (I took this from another GDSE question, sorry; not be critical of the game, but it proves my point. And actually has better tile design that what I manage, anyway.) I think the main problem is that I design them so they are independent, there is no junction between two tiles if put closed to each other. I think having the tiles more "continuous" would have a smoother effect, but can't manage to do it, it seems overly complex to me. I think it is probably simpler than I think once you know how to do it, but couldn't find a tutorial on that specific point. Is there a known method to design continuous / homogeneous tiles? (My terminology might be totally wrong, don't hesitate to correct me.)

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