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  • Architecting persistence (and other internal systems). Interfaces, composition, pure inheritance or centralization?

    - by Vandell
    Suppose that you need to implement persistence, I think that you're generally limited to four options (correct me if I'm wrong, please) Each persistant class: Should implement an interface (IPersistent) Contains a 'persist-me' object that is a specialized object (or class) that's made only to be used the class that contains it. Inherit from Persistent (a base class) Or you can create a gigantic class (or package) called Database and make your persistence logic there. What are the advantages and problems that can come from each of one? In a small (5kloc) and algorithmically (or organisationally) simple app what is probably the best option?

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  • How should game objects be aware of each other?

    - by Jefffrey
    I find it hard to find a way to organize game objects so that they are polymorphic but at the same time not polymorphic. Here's an example: assuming that we want all our objects to update() and draw(). In order to do that we need to define a base class GameObject which have those two virtual pure methods and let polymorphism kicks in: class World { private: std::vector<GameObject*> objects; public: // ... update() { for (auto& o : objects) o->update(); for (auto& o : objects) o->draw(window); } }; The update method is supposed to take care of whatever state the specific class object needs to update. The fact is that each objects needs to know about the world around them. For example: A mine needs to know if someone is colliding with it A soldier should know if another team's soldier is in proximity A zombie should know where the closest brain, within a radius, is For passive interactions (like the first one) I was thinking that the collision detection could delegate what to do in specific cases of collisions to the object itself with a on_collide(GameObject*). Most of the the other informations (like the other two examples) could just be queried by the game world passed to the update method. Now the world does not distinguish objects based on their type (it stores all object in a single polymorphic container), so what in fact it will return with an ideal world.entities_in(center, radius) is a container of GameObject*. But of course the soldier does not want to attack other soldiers from his team and a zombie doesn't case about other zombies. So we need to distinguish the behavior. A solution could be the following: void TeamASoldier::update(const World& world) { auto list = world.entities_in(position, eye_sight); for (const auto& e : list) if (auto enemy = dynamic_cast<TeamBSoldier*>(e)) // shoot towards enemy } void Zombie::update(const World& world) { auto list = world.entities_in(position, eye_sight); for (const auto& e : list) if (auto enemy = dynamic_cast<Human*>(e)) // go and eat brain } but of course the number of dynamic_cast<> per frame could be horribly high, and we all know how slow dynamic_cast can be. The same problem also applies to the on_collide(GameObject*) delegate that we discussed earlier. So what it the ideal way to organize the code so that objects can be aware of other objects and be able to ignore them or take actions based on their type?

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  • How do I keep user input and rendering independent of the implementation environment?

    - by alex
    I'm writing a Tetris clone in JavaScript. I have a fair amount of experience in programming in general, but am rather new to game development. I want to separate the core game code from the code that would tie it to one environment, such as the browser. My quick thoughts led me to having the rendering and input functions external to my main game object. I could pass the current game state to the rendering method, which could render using canvas, elements, text, etc. I could also map input to certain game input events, such as move piece left, rotate piece clockwise, etc. I am having trouble designing how this should be implemented in my object. Should I pass references to functions that the main object will use to render and process user input? For example... var TetrisClone = function(renderer, inputUpdate) { this.renderer = renderer || function() {}; this.inputUpdate = input || function() {}; this.state = {}; }; TetrisClone.prototype = { update: function() { // Get user input via function passed to constructor. var inputEvents = this.inputUpdate(); // Update game state. // Render the current game state via function passed to constructor. this.renderer(this.state); } }; var renderer = function(state) { // Render blocks to browser page. } var inputEvents = {}; var charCodesToEvents = { 37: "move-piece-left" /* ... */ }; document.addEventListener("keypress", function(event) { inputEvents[event.which] = true; }); var inputUpdate = function() { var translatedEvents = [], event, translatedEvent; for (event in inputEvents) { if (inputEvents.hasOwnProperty(event)) { translatedEvent = charCodesToEvents[event]; translatedEvents.push(translatedEvent); } } inputEvents = {}; return translatedEvents; } var game = new TetrisClone(renderer, inputUpdate); Is this a good game design? How would you modify this to suit best practice in regard to making a game as platform/input independent as possible?

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  • Copying Properties between 2 Different Types&hellip;

    - by Shawn Cicoria
    I’m not sure where I had seen some of this base code, but this comes up time & time again on projects. Here’s a little method that copies all the R/W properties (public) between 2 distinct class definitions: It’s called as follows: private static void Test1() { MyClass obj1 = new MyClass() { Prop1 = "one", Prop2 = "two", Prop3 = 100 }; MyOtherClass obj2 = null; obj2 = CopyClass(obj1); Console.WriteLine(obj1); Console.WriteLine(obj2); } namespace Space1 { public class MyClass { public string Prop1 { get; set; } public string Prop2 { get; set; } public int Prop3 { get; set; } public override string ToString() { var rv = string.Format("MyClass: {0} Prop2: {1} Prop3 {2}", Prop1, Prop2, Prop3); return rv; } } } namespace Space2 { public class MyOtherClass { public string Prop1 { get; set; } public string Prop2 { get; set; } public int Prop3 { get; set; } public override string ToString() { var rv = string.Format("MyOtherClass: {0} Prop2: {1} Prop3 {2}", Prop1, Prop2, Prop3); return rv; } } Source of the method: /// /// Provides a Copy of Public fields between 2 distinct classes /// /// Source class name /// Target class name /// Instance of type Source /// An instance of type Target copying all public properties matching name from the Source. public static T CopyClass(S source) where T : new() { T target = default(T); BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance; if (source == null) { return (T)target; } if (target == null) target = new T(); PropertyInfo[] objProperties = target.GetType().GetProperties(flags); foreach (PropertyInfo pi in objProperties) { string name = pi.Name; PropertyInfo sourceProp = source.GetType().GetProperty(name, flags); if (sourceProp == null) { throw new ApplicationException(string.Format("CopyClass - object type {0} & {1} mismatch in property:{2}", source.GetType(), target.GetType(), name)); } if (pi.CanWrite && sourceProp.CanRead) { object sourceValue = sourceProp.GetValue(source, null); pi.SetValue(target, sourceValue, null); } else { throw new ApplicationException(string.Format("CopyClass - can't read/write a property object types {0} & {1} property:{2}", source.GetType(), target.GetType(), name)); } } return target; }

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  • MOSSt 2010 Hosting :: Dialog Platform in SharePoint 2010 & How to Open the Edit Form Dialog for List Item

    - by mbridge
    One of the New User Interface Platforms in SharePoint 2010 is ‘The Dialog Platform’ A dialog is essentially a <div> which gets visible on demand and renders the HTML using a background overlay creating a modal dialog like user experience. We can show an existing div from within the page or a different page using a URL inside the dialogs. When we pass the URL to the dialog it looks for the Querystring parameter “IsDlg=1”. If this parameters exists than it would dynamically load the "/_layouts/styles/dlgframe.css” file. This file overrides the “s4-notdlg” class items as “display:none”, which means that all items with this class would not get displayed in Dialog Mode.  So if we go to the v4.master page we can see that this class is used by the Ribbon control to hide the ribbon when in dialog mode: How to open the Edit Form Dialog for List Item: In SharePoint 2010 The URL for opening the Edit Form of any list item looks like something like this : http://intranet.contoso.com/<SiteName>/Lists/<ListName>/EditForm.aspx?ID=1&IsDlg=1 ID is the list item row identifier and as discussed above the IsDlg is for the dialog mode. Now to open a dialog we need to use the SP.UI.ModalDialog.showModalDialog method from the ECMAScript Client Object model and pass in the url of the page, width & height of the dialog and also a callback function in case we want some code to run after the dialog is closed. <script type="text/javascript">          //Handle the DialogCallback callback               function DialogCallback(dialogResult, returnValue){               }             //Open the Dialog           function OpenEditDialog(id){             var options = { url:&quot;http://intranet.contoso.com/<SiteName>/Lists/<ListName>/EditForm.aspx?ID=&quot; + id + &quot;&amp;IsDlg=1&quot;,              width: 700,              height: 700,              dialogReturnValueCallback: DialogCallback              };             SP.UI.ModalDialog.showModalDialog(options);           } </script> The .js files for the ECMAScript Object Model (SP.js, SP.Core.js, SP.Ribbon.js, and SP.Runtime.js ) are installed in the %ProgramFiles%\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\web server extensions\14\TEMPLATE\LAYOUTS directory. Here is a good MSDN link explaining the Client Object Model Distribution and Deployment options available in SharePoint 2010 and this is the lowest costSharePoint 2010 Provider.

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  • Is it possible to have a mutable type that is not garbage collected?

    - by user136109
    I'm wondering if such a thing can exist. Can there be an object that is mutable but not flagged as garbage collected ( specifically, tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC ) I have a C++ struct-like object that I'm writing and I'd like to know if all of its members are immutable. I'm thinking of checking for the Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC flag to determine this. If all members are immutable I want to speed up the deepcopy by doing a faster shallow copy, since I know members are immutable then it shouldn't have to go through an expensive deep copy. Is this logically sound, or is there some mythical type that will blow me out of the water here.

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  • Using 3rd Party JavaScript Plugins Hardwired With &lsquo;document.write&rsquo;

    - by ToStringTheory
    Introduction Have you ever had the need to implement a 3rd party JavaScript plugin, but your needs didn’t fit the model and usage defined by the API or documentation of the plugin?  Recently I ran into this issue when I was trying to implement a web snapshot plugin into our site.  To use their plugin, you had to include a script tag to the plugin on their server with an API key.  The second part of the usage was to include a <script> tag around a function call wherever you wanted a snapshot to appear. The Problem When trying to use the service, the images did not display.  I checked a couple of things and didn’t find anything wrong at first..  It wasn’t until I looked at the function that was called by the inline script did I find the issue – a call to the webservice, followed by a call to ‘document.write’ in its callback.  The solution in which I was trying to implement the plugin happened to be in response to an AJAX call after the document had completely loaded.  After the page has loaded, document.write does nothing. My first thought for a solution was to just cache the script from the service, and edit it do something like a return function or callback that I could use to edit the document from.  However, I quickly discovered that there is no way to cache the script from the service, as it had a hash in the function where it would call the server.  The hash was updated every few seconds/minutes, expiring old hashes.  This meant that I wouldn’t be able to edit the script and upload a new version to my server, as the script would not work after a few minutes from originally getting the script from the service. Solution The solution eluded me until I realized that this was JavaScript I was dealing with.  A language designed so that you could do just about anything to any library, function, or object…  At this point, the solution was simple – take control of the document.write function.  Using a buffer variable, and a simple function call, it is eerily simple to perform: //what would have been output to the document var buffer = ""; //store a reference to the real document.write var dw = document.write; //redefine document.write to store to our buffer document.write = function (str) {buffer += str;} //execute the function containing calls to document.write eval('{function encapsulated in <script></script> tags}'); //restore the original document.write function (just in case) document.write = dw; That’s it.  Instead of using the script tags where I wanted to include a snapshot, I called a function passing in the URL to the page I wanted a snapshot of.  After that last line of code, what would have been output to the document (or not in the case of the ajax call) was instead stored in buffer. Conclusion While the solution itself is simple, coming from a background much more footed in the .Net platform, I believe that this is a prime example of always keeping the language that you are working in in mind.  While this may seem obvious at first, as I KNEW I was in JavaScript, I never thought of taking control of the document.write function because I am more accustomed to the .Net world.  I can’t simply replace the functionality of Console.WriteLine.

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  • forward rendering and multiple shadow maps

    - by Irbis
    I have two light sources on my scene. I created two fbo's which store depth textures for these lights. A render loop looks like this: bind fbo1 save depth values for first light unbind fbo1 bind fbo2 save depth values for second light unbind fbo2 enable additive blending bind first depth texture render scene bind second depth texture render scene disable additive blending For one light source the program works fine. For many light sources I use an additive blending to acumulate lighting results but then some objects become transparent (for example when an object which is further away from the camera is drawn before an object which is closer to the camera). How to resolve that problem ? How should I accumulate lighting effects for many light sources (many shadow maps) ? P.S. I use OpenGL/GLSL 3.3+

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  • Multiple weapons for android game

    - by Z3r0
    I am trying to make a 3D game for android using the Rajawali engine to render the 3D graphics and blender for designing my models(exporting as .md2), and I want my character to be able to change weapons, armor, helm, etc. Rendering every possible animation would be too much: if I had 10 different weapons, 10 armor and 10 helm, I would have to create 1000 animations with every possible equipment and if I add boots to list it would be even worse. I read somewhere you can use bones for this; but in Android, I only get the object itself to work with. Does anyone has an idea how i can solve this? If I make the weapon a different object how do I parent it to my models in my game?

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  • Retrieve the coordinates of the *occluding* (closest/drawn) pixels during 3D overlap, using OpenGL?

    - by Big Rich
    Hi, Sorry if the question is not worded well, I'm a new to both 3D and OpenGL. How could I go about obtaining the 3D coordinates of the occluding object, at the point where occlusion is happening (i.e. the 'intersection' of the object in front/closest to the screen)? Just to offer a [very] rudimentary, visual, example, if you were to form an index-finger cross, with your right hand closest to your face, I'd like to know the coordinates of the part of your right finger which obscures the other finger (obviously back within the OpenGL context - no jokers ;-) ). If there is a way to find out both about the occluder (hider) and the occluded (hidden) objects in OpenGL, then that would be of great use, also. Cheers Rich

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  • How to create a large level game?

    - by Siddharth
    I want to know how to create a large game which has more than one level in it and those levels are loaded from the xml file. In my game I have many objects for each different level which I have to load when use click on it. At present for example my game contain 20 levels and now I was loading all the graphic object for all 20 levels. But the correct way was that only load graphic of that particular level only. So I don't know how to do that. So please explain this by providing game example. At present I was creating a class for each my game object image by extending sprite to it. I know it was not a suitable way so provide guidance on it. Basically I want to know how to create large games in andengine? Please help me about that because it will provide help to other community member also because andengine did not have proper documentation for learning developer about how to manage large game?

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  • Is passing the Model around in this way considered bad practice?

    - by Theomax
    If I have a view called, for example, ViewDetails that displays user information in labels and has a Model called ViewDetailsModel and if I want to allow the user to click a button to edit some of these details, is it considered bad practice is I pass the entire Model in the markup to a controller method which then assigns the values for another model, using the values stored in the Model that was passed in as a parameter to that action method? If so, should there instead be a service method that gets the data required for the edit view? For example: In the ViewDetails view, the user clicks the edit button which calls an action method in the controller (and passes in the Model object). The action method then uses the data in the Model object to populate another model which will be used for the EditDetails view that will be returned.

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  • Can a domain specific language be used to representing the Open SRD

    - by NeoModulus
    I am in the early stages of creating an open source C# library that would allow developers to drop in the open SRD (http://www.d20srd.org/) into an existing project. Abstracted it is a complex set of tightly coupled business rules. Having previously worked on an adaptive object model project for health care risk management I began with that pattern in mind. Due to the high coupling of rules it is becoming apparent that the project may require some kind of scripting. Have started researching DSL implementation I am now considering scraping the adaptive object model for a domain specific language. I have not work with domain specific languages so my question is it reasonable to assume a domain specific language can be used to representing the open SRD?

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  • Java graphic objects as in flashgames

    - by Ryu Kajiya
    How is it possible (with the standard Java2D engine) to use small sprites like graphic objects? For those who don't know what I mean, in all those Flash-games like on Facebook they put small sprites on the screen which react to mouse-over and clicks. I tried to do the same in Java but can't find a good method. Swing components always spread over the whole bitmap, but I only want to get a reaction from the object when the mouse is over a pixel that's not transparent. So basically checking every time if the object below the mouse contains a non-transparent pixel (which i believe could be pretty intense in a gameloop or repaint loop). I have no idea how to implement such a thing efficiently.

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  • Is it possible to use a spherical collision component in UDK?

    - by Almo
    I have an object in UDK, which has a SkeletalMesh. At certain times in the game, I want this object to continue rendering the SkeletalMesh, but I'd like it to use spherical collision temporarily. After reading a bunch about PrimitiveComponents, my understanding is that UDK supports cylindrical and box-like collision, but not spherical without using a static mesh. But it seems an attached static mesh will render, since it has no bHidden attribute. There must be a way to do this, but I don't know UDK well enough yet to understand all the pitfalls.

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  • Windows 8 Location Services

    - by ryanabr
    I spent the afternoon with the Geolocator object in the WinRT and Widows 8 platform. I have also been working with doing Windows Phone 7 development, and first had to wrap my head around the fact that while similar, it is not the same as the GeoCoordinateWatcher that environment. I found a nice example here http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/windowsapps/Geolocation-2483de66 But the behavior of my app wasn’t the same. Once you ensure that location services is enabled by following these instructions: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/hh768219.aspx Location Services was still disabled. From everything I read, it sounded like the first time you try to use the Geolocator object, the user would be prompted to allow to “Access to your location”. After nosing around I found the issue. You need to add the location service as a Capability in the Package.appxmanifest file: After checking the box, I was prompted to allow access to location services as expected the first time I needed to use it.

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  • What Design Pattern is separating transform converters

    - by RevMoon
    For converting a Java object model into XML I am using the following design: For different types of objects (e.g. primitive types, collections, null, etc.) I define each its own converter, which acts appropriate with respect to the given type. This way it can easily extended without adding code to a huge if-else-then construct. The converters are chosen by a method which tests whether the object is convertable at all and by using a priority ordering. The priority ordering is important so let's say a List is not converted by the POJO converter, even though it is convertable as such it would be more appropriate to use the collection converter. What design pattern is that? I can only think of a similarity to the command pattern.

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  • What's a good way to store a series of interconnected pipe and tank objects?

    - by mars
    I am working on a puzzle game with a 6 by 6 grid of storage tanks that are connected to up to 4 tanks adjacent to them via pipes. The gameplay is concerned with combining what's in a tank with an adjacent tank via the pipe than interconnects them. Right now I store the tanks in a 6x6 array, vertical pipes in a 5x6 array, and horizontal pipes in a 6x5 array. Each tank has a reference to the object that contains both tanks and pipes and when a pipe needs to be animated filling with liquid, the selected tank just calls a method on the container object telling it to animate the pipes it is connected to (subtract 1 from row or column to find connected pipes). This feels like the wrong way of doing it, as I've also considered just giving each tank references to the pipes connected to it to access directly.

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  • How do I duplicate a Box2d simulation, mid-simulation?

    - by Whyte
    I want to serialize the state mid-game, send it over the network to an identical computer (same CPU, same OS, same binary), load it there, and have the two games run in tandem doing the exact same simulation, without one of them drifting off and going haywire. In short: I want pop-in, pop-out networking support on my HIGHLY physics-intensive game, where sending object coordinates every few seconds is impossible, due to having thousands of objects, and many clients. I tried this with Box2D, and saving an object's location/velocity/etc wasn't enough... there's internal state that's not accessible through any public methods. My current workaround is to force EVERY client to save its entire worldstate and reload it from scratch, whenever a new player connects... but this is obviously bad practice, because it hangs the game for everyone whenever someone new connects. However, it works, with zero desynchronization. So, anyone know of any other techniques that can help me? Or should I just kiss my project goodbye?

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  • Webcast On-Demand: Building Java EE Apps That Scale

    - by jeckels
    With some awesome work by one of our architects, Randy Stafford, we recently completed a webcast on scaling Java EE apps efficiently. Did you miss it? No problem. We have a replay available on-demand for you. Just hit the '+' sign drop-down for access.Topics include: Domain object caching Service response caching Session state caching JSR-107 HotCache and more! Further, we had several interesting questions asked by our audience, and we thought we'd share a sampling of those here for you - just in case you had the same queries yourself. Enjoy! What is the largest Coherence deployment out there? We have seen deployments with over 500 JVMs in the Coherence cluster, and deployments with over 1000 JVMs using the Coherence jar file, in one system. On the management side there is an ecosystem of monitoring tools from Oracle and third parties with dashboards graphing values from Coherence's JMX instrumentation. For lifecycle management we have seen a lot of custom scripting over the years, but we've also integrated closely with WebLogic to leverage its management ecosystem for deploying Coherence-based applications and managing process life cycles. That integration introduces a new Java EE archive type, the Grid Archive or GAR, which embeds in an EAR and can be seen by a WAR in WebLogic. That integration also doesn't require any extra WebLogic licensing if Coherence is licensed. How is Coherence different from a NoSQL Database like MongoDB? Coherence can be considered a NoSQL technology. It pre-dates the NoSQL movement, having been first released in 2001 whereas the term "NoSQL" was coined in 2009. Coherence has a key-value data model primarily but can also be used for document data models. Coherence manages data in memory currently, though disk persistence is in a future release currently in beta testing. Where the data is managed yields a few differences from the most well-known NoSQL products: access latency is faster with Coherence, though well-known NoSQL databases can manage more data. Coherence also has features that well-known NoSQL database lack, such as grid computing, eventing, and data source integration. Finally Coherence has had 15 years of maturation and hardening from usage in mission-critical systems across a variety of industries, particularly financial services. Can I use Coherence for local caching? Yes, you get additional features beyond just a java.util.Map: you get expiration capabilities, size-limitation capabilities, eventing capabilites, etc. Are there APIs available for GoldenGate HotCache? It's mostly a black box. You configure it, and it just puts objects into your caches. However you can treat it as a glass box, and use Coherence event interceptors to enhance its behavior - and there are use cases for that. Are Coherence caches updated transactionally? Coherence provides several mechanisms for concurrency control. If a project insists on full-blown JTA / XA distributed transactions, Coherence caches can participate as resources. But nobody does that because it's a performance and scalability anti-pattern. At finer granularity, Coherence guarantees strict ordering of all operations (reads and writes) against a single cache key if the operations are done using Coherence's "EntryProcessor" feature. And Coherence has a unique feature called "partition-level transactions" which guarantees atomic writes of multiple cache entries (even in different caches) without requiring JTA / XA distributed transaction semantics.

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  • Missing error handling in Streaming-AJAX-Proxy Log

    - by Michael Freidgeim
    We are using AjaxProxy(FROM http://www.codeproject.com/KB/ajax/ajaxproxy.aspx) on our web site, but started to notice errors accessing log.txt file. I found that the file is created by Log class and doesn't have ability to switch it off and error handling. I've added reading file name from configuration and try/catch block   public static class Log     {         private static StreamWriter logStream;         private static object lockObject = new object ();     public static void WriteLine(string msg)         {                       string logFileName = ConfigurationExtensions.GetAppSetting("AjaxStreamingProxy.LogFile" ,"");                       if (logFileName.IsNullOrEmpty())                             return;                       try                      {                             if (logStream == null )                            {                                    lock (lockObject)                                   {                                           if (logStream == null )                                          {                            logStream = File.AppendText(Path .Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, logFileName));                                          }                                   }                            }                            logStream.WriteLine(msg);                      }                       catch (Exception exc)                      {                             string ignoredMsg = String .Format("The error occured while logging {0}, but processing will continue.\n {1} ", exc);                             LoggerHelper.LogEvent(ignoredMsg, MyCategorySource, TraceEventType .Warning, true);                      }         }

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  • pygame.Rect around circle

    - by geekkid
    I'm trying to make a pong game in pygame , but i can't figure out how to but a ball circle , which i can create with pygame.draw.circle into a pygame.Rect object so i can use the colliderect function and manipulate the ball's position. For example, with rectangles, i can do something like this : rect = pygame.Rect(255, 255, 100, 100) pygame.draw.rect(screen, yellow, rect) and then when i change the pygame.Rect object position , the drawing primitives position also changes. How can the same effect be achieved when i want to draw a circle, instead of a rectangle? Thank you.

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