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  • Problem with Ogre::Camera lookAt function when target is directly below.

    - by PigBen
    I am trying to make a class which controls a camera. It's pretty basic right now, it looks like this: class HoveringCameraController { public: void init(Ogre::Camera & camera, AnimatedBody & target, Ogre::Real height); void update(Ogre::Real time_delta); private: Ogre::Camera * camera_; AnimatedBody * target_; Ogre::Real height_; }; HoveringCameraController.cpp void HoveringCameraController::init(Ogre::Camera & camera, AnimatedBody & target, Ogre::Real height) { camera_ = &camera; target_ = &target; height_ = height; update(0.0); } void HoveringCameraController::update(Ogre::Real time_delta) { auto position = target_->getPosition(); position.y += height_; camera_->setPosition(position); camera_->lookAt(target_->getPosition()); } AnimatedBody is just a class that encapsulates an entity, it's animations and a scene node. The getPosition function is simply forwarded to it's scene node. What I want(for now) is for the camera to simply follow the AnimatedBody overhead at the distance given(the height parameter), and look down at it. It follows the object around, but it doesn't look straight down, it's tilted quite a bit in the positive Z direction. Does anybody have any idea why it would do that? If I change this line: position.y += height_; to this: position.x += height_; or this: position.z += height_; it does exactly what I would expect. It follows the object from the side or front, and looks directly at it.

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  • Draw order in XNA

    - by Petr Abdulin
    It is possible to set draw order of a DrawableGameComponent by setting DrawOrder property. But is it possible to set draw order of "main" Game class? I have 2 DrawableGameComponents, and Draw method of a main Game class is called first, while I want it to be the last. Should I just mode all "main" draw code to another component and set it DrawOrder? Answer: seems like I'm just confused myself a little. Black on black, that's why I didn't saw it. Main Draw is called last, as expected.

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  • Logging library for (c++) games

    - by Klaim
    I know a lot of logging libraries but didn't test a lot of them. (GoogleLog, Pantheios, the coming boost::log library...) In games, especially in remote multiplayer and multithreaded games, logging is vital to debugging, even if you remove all logs in the end. Let's say I'm making a PC game (not console) that needs logs (multiplayer and multithreaded and/or multiprocess) and I have good reasons for looking for a library for logging (like, I don't have time or I'm not confident in my ability to write one correctly for my case). Assuming that I need : performance ease of use (allow streaming or formating or something like that) reliable (don't leak or crash!) cross-platform (at least Windows, MacOSX, Linux/Ubuntu) Wich logging library would you recommand? Currently, I think that boost::log is the most flexible one (you can even log to remotely!), but have not good performance. Pantheios is often cited but I don't have comparison points on performance and usage. I've used my own lib for a long time but I know it don't manage multithreading so it's a big problem, even if it's fast enough. Google Log seems interesting, I just need to test it but if you already have compared those libs and more, your advice might be of good use. Games are often performance demanding while complex to debug so it would be good to know logging libraries that, in our specific case, have clear advantages.

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  • Best practices of texture size

    - by psal
    I wanted to know how should I determine a good texture size ? Currently, I always create UV texture that are 1024x1024px but if I create for example, a big house with a 1024px texture size, it will looks pretty bad. So, should I create different texture size (512, 1024, ...) for different mesh size like this ? : or is it better to always do high-resolution texture and then reduce it in the software (ie : increase the LODBias settings in UDK reduce the size of the texture) ? Thanks for your answer. ps : sorry for my english !

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  • How to automatically render all opaque meshes with a specific shader?

    - by dsilva.vinicius
    I have a specular outline shader that I want to be used on all opaque meshes of the scene whenever a specific camera renders. The shader is working properly when it is manually applied to some material. The shader is as follows: Shader "Custom/Outline" { Properties { _Color ("Main Color", Color) = (.5,.5,.5,1) _OutlineColor ("Outline Color", Color) = (1,0.5,0,1) _Outline ("Outline width", Range (0.0, 0.1)) = .05 _SpecColor ("Specular Color", Color) = (0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1) _Shininess ("Shininess", Range (0.03, 1)) = 0.078125 _MainTex ("Base (RGB) Gloss (A)", 2D) = "white" {} } SubShader { Tags { "Queue"="Overlay" "RenderType"="Opaque" } Pass { Name "OUTLINE" Tags { "LightMode" = "Always" } Cull Off ZWrite Off // Uncomment to show outline always. //ZTest Always CGPROGRAM #pragma target 3.0 #pragma vertex vert #pragma fragment frag #include "UnityCG.cginc" struct appdata { float4 vertex : POSITION; float3 normal : NORMAL; }; struct v2f { float4 pos : POSITION; float4 color : COLOR; }; float _Outline; float4 _OutlineColor; v2f vert(appdata v) { // just make a copy of incoming vertex data but scaled according to normal direction v2f o; o.pos = mul(UNITY_MATRIX_MVP, v.vertex); float3 norm = mul ((float3x3)UNITY_MATRIX_IT_MV, v.normal); float2 offset = TransformViewToProjection(norm.xy); o.pos.xy += offset * o.pos.z * _Outline; o.color = _OutlineColor; return o; } float4 frag(v2f fromVert) : COLOR { return fromVert.color; } ENDCG } UsePass "Specular/FORWARD" } FallBack "Specular" } The camera used fot the effect has just a script component which setups the shader replacement: using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class DetectiveEffect : MonoBehaviour { public Shader EffectShader; // Use this for initialization void Start () { this.camera.SetReplacementShader(EffectShader, "RenderType=Opaque"); } // Update is called once per frame void Update () { } } Unfortunately, whenever I use this camera I just see the background color. Any ideas?

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  • How should I interpret these DirectX Caps Viewer values?

    - by tobi
    Briefly asking - what do the nodes mean and what the difference is between them in DirectX Caps Viewer? DXGI Devices Direct3D9 Devices DirectDraw Devices The most interesting for me is 1 vs 2. In the Direct3D9 Devices under HAL node I can see that my GeForce 8800GT supports PixelShaderVersion 3.0. However, under DXGI Devices I have DX 10, DX 10.1 and DX 11 having Shader model 4.0 (actually why DX 11? My card is not compatible with DX 11). I am implementing a DX 11 application (including d3d11.h) with shaders compiled in 4.0 version, so I can clearly see that 4.0 is supported. What is the difference between 1 and 2? Could you give me some theory behind the nodes?

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  • How should I plan the inheritance structure for my game?

    - by Eric Thoma
    I am trying to write a platform shooter in C++ with a really good class structure for robustness. The game itself is secondary; it is the learning process of writing it that is primary. I am implementing an inheritance tree for all of the objects in my game, but I find myself unsure on some decisions. One specific issue that it bugging me is this: I have an Actor that is simply defined as anything in the game world. Under Actor is Character. Both of these classes are abstract. Under Character is the Philosopher, who is the main character that the user commands. Also under Character is NPC, which uses an AI module with stock routines for friendly, enemy and (maybe) neutral alignments. So under NPC I want to have three subclasses: FriendlyNPC, EnemyNPC and NeutralNPC. These classes are not abstract, and will often be subclassed in order to make different types of NPC's, like Engineer, Scientist and the most evil Programmer. Still, if I want to implement a generic NPC named Kevin, it would nice to be able to put him in without making a new class for him. I could just instantiate a FriendlyNPC and pass some values for the AI machine and for the dialogue; that would be ideal. But what if Kevin is the one benevolent Programmer in the whole world? Now we must make a class for him (but what should it be called?). Now we have a character that should inherit from Programmer (as Kevin has all the same abilities but just uses the friendly AI functions) but also should inherit from FriendlyNPC. Programmer and FriendlyNPC branched away from each other on the inheritance tree, so inheriting from both of them would have conflicts, because some of the same functions have been implemented in different ways on the two of them. 1) Is there a better way to order these classes to avoid these conflicts? Having three subclasses; Friendly, Enemy and Neutral; from each type of NPC; Engineer, Scientist, and Programmer; would amount to a huge number of classes. I would share specific implementation details, but I am writing the game slowly, piece by piece, and so I haven't implemented past Character yet. 2) Is there a place where I can learn these programming paradigms? I am already trying to take advantage of some good design patterns, like MVC architecture and Mediator objects. The whole point of this project is to write something in good style. It is difficult to tell what should become a subclass and what should become a state (i.e. Friendly boolean v. Friendly class). Having many states slows down code with if statements and makes classes long and unwieldy. On the other hand, having a class for everything isn't practical. 3) Are there good rules of thumb or resources to learn more about this? 4) Finally, where does templating come in to this? How should I coordinate templates into my class structure? I have never actually taken advantage of templating honestly, but I hear that it increases modularity, which means good code.

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  • XNA Moddable Game - Architecture Design and Reflection

    - by David K
    I've decided to embark on an XNA moddable game project of a simple rogue style. For all purposes of this question, I'm going to not be using a scripting engine, but rather allow modders to directly compile assemblies that are loaded by the game at run time. I know about the security problems this may raise. So in order to expose the moddable content, I have gone about creating a generic project in XNA called MyModel. This contains a number of interfaces that all inherit from IPlugin, such as IGameSystem, IRenderingSystem, IHud, IInputSystem etc. Then I've created another project called MyRogueModel. This references MyModel project, and holds interfaces such as IMonster, IPlayer, IDungeonGenerator, IInventorySystem. More rogue specific interfaces, but again, all interfaces in this project inherit from IPlugin. Then finally, I've created another project called MyRogueGame, that references both MyModel and MyRogueModel projects. This project will be the game that you run and play. Here I have put the actual implementation of the Monster, DungeonGenerator, InputSystem and RenderingSystem classes. This project will also scan the mods directory during run time and load any IPlugins it finds using reflection and override anything it finds from the default. For example if it finds a new implementation of the DungeonGenerator it will use that one instead. Now my question is, in order to get this far, I have effectively 2 projects that contain nothing but interfaces... which seems a little... strange ? For people to create mods for the game, I would give them both the MyModel and MyRogueModel assemblies in which they would reference. I'm not sure whether this is the right way to do it, but my reasoning goes as follows : If I write 1 input system, I can use it in any game I write. If I create 3 rogue like games, and a modder writes 1 rendering system, that modder could use the rendering system for all 3 games, because it all comes from the MyModel project. I come from a more web based C# role, so having empty interface projects doesn't seem wrong, its just something I haven't done before. Before I embark on something that might be crazy, I'd just like to know whether this is a foolish idea and whether there's a better (or established) design principle I should be following ?

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  • What calls trigger a new batch?

    - by sebf
    I am finding my project is starting to show performance degradation and I need to optimize it. The answer to my previous question and this presentation from NVidia have helped greatly in understanding the performance characteristics of code using the GPU but there are a couple of things that aren't clear that I need to know to optimize my drawing. Specifically, what calls make the distinction between batches. I know that any state changes cause a new batch, so that includes: Render State Changes Buffer Changes Shader Changes Render Target Changes Correct? What else counts as a 'state change'? Does each Draw**Primitive() call constitute a new batch? Even if I were to issue the same call twice, with no state changes, or call it once on on part of the buffer, then again on another? If I were to update a buffer, but not change the bindings, would that be a new batch? That presentation and a DX9 page suggest using all of the texture slots available, which I take to mean loading multiple objects in 'parallel' by mapping their buffers/shaders/textures to slots 1-16. But I am not sure how this works - surely to do this you would need to change the buffer binding and that would count as a state change? (or is it a case of you do but it saves 16 calls so its OK?)

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  • Vertex Array Object (OpenGL)

    - by Shin
    I've just started out with OpenGL I still haven't really understood what Vertex Array Objects are and how they can be employed. If Vertex Buffer Object are used to store vertex data (such as their positions and texture coordinates) and the VAOs only contain status flags, where can they be used? What's their purpose? As far as I understood from the (very incomplete and unclear) GL Wiki, VAOs are used to set the flags/status for every vertex, following the order described in the Element Array Buffer, but the wiki was really ambiguous about it and I'm not really sure about what VAOs really do and how I could employ them.

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  • Is it safe StringToHash() to use in Unity?

    - by Sebastian Krysmanski
    I'm currently browsing through the Unity tutorials and saw that they're recommending to use Animator.StringToHash("some string") to created unique ids for animation properties (see here). Since I'm a programmer, to me the word "hash" doesn't represents something unique. Like the Java documentation for hashValue() states: It is not required that if two objects are unequal [...], then calling the hashCode method on each of the two objects must produce distinct integer results. So, according to this (and my definition of "hash"), two strings may have the same hash value. (You can also argue that there are an infinite number of possible strings but only 2^32 possible int values.) So, is there a possibility that StringToHash() will give me an id that actually belongs to another property (than the one I requested the hash for)?

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  • HLSL How to flip geometry horizontally

    - by cubrman
    I want to flip my asymmetric 3d model horizontally in the vertex shader alongside an arbitrary plane parallel to the YZ plane. This should switch everything for the model from the left hand side to the right hand side (like flipping it in Photoshop). Doing it in pixel shader would be a huge computational cost (extra RT, more fullscreen samples...), so it must be done in the vertex shader. Once more: this is NOT reflection, i need to flip THE WHOLE MODEL. I thought I could simply do the following: Turn off culling. Run the following code in the vertex shader: input.Position = mul(input.Position, World); // World[3][0] holds x value of the model's pivot in the World. if (input.Position.x <= World[3][0]) input.Position.x += World[3][0] - input.Position.x; else input.Position.x -= input.Position.x - World[3][0]; ... The model is never drawn. Where am I wrong? I presume that messes up the index buffer. Can something be done about it? P.S. it's INSANELY HARD to format code here. Thanks to Panda I found my problem. SOLUTION: // Do thins before anything else in the vertex shader. Position.x *= -1; // To invert alongside the object's YZ plane.

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  • Making more complicated systems(entity-component-system model question)

    - by winch
    I'm using a model where entities are collections of components and components are just data. All the logic goes into systems which operate on components. Making basic systems(for Rendering and handling collision) was easy. But how do I do more compilcated systems? For example, in a CollisionSystem I can check if entity A collides with entity B. I have this code in CollisionSystem for checking if B damages A: if(collides(a, b)) { HealthComponent* hc = a->get<HealthComponent(); hc.reduceHealth(b->get<DamageComponent>()->getDamage()); But I feel that this code shouldn't belong to Collision system. Where should code like this be and which additional systems should I create to make this code generic?

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  • How to Align Gun with Bullets

    - by Shane
    I have a top-down 2D shooter. I have an image of a player holding a gun, that rotates to face the mouse. Please note that the gun isn't a separate image tethered to the player, but rather part of the player. Right now, bullets are created at the player's x and y. This works when the player is facing the right way, but not when they rotate. The bullets move in the right direction, but don't come from the gun. How can I fix this? TL;DR: When the player rotates, bullets don't come from gun. public void fire() { angle = sprite.getRotation(); System.out.println(angle); x = sprite.getX(); y = sprite.getY(); Bullet b = new Bullet(x, y, angle); Utils.world.addBullet(b); }

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  • OpenGL ES 2.0 texture distortion on large geometry

    - by Spruce
    OpenGL ES 2.0 has serious precision issues with texture sampling - I've seen topics with a similar problem, but I haven't seen a real solution to this "distorted OpenGL ES 2.0 texture" problem yet. This is not related to the texture's image format or OpenGL color buffers, it seems like it's a precision error. I don't know what specifically causes the precision to fail - it doesn't seem like it's just the size of geometry that causes this distortion, because simply scaling vertex position passed to the the vertex shader does not solve the issue. Here are some examples of the texture distortion: Distorted Texture (on OpenGL ES 2.0): http://i47.tinypic.com/3322h6d.png What the texture normally looks like (also on OpenGL ES 2.0): http://i49.tinypic.com/b4jc6c.png The texture issue is limited to small scale geometry on OpenGL ES 2.0, otherwise the texture sampling appears normal, but the grainy effect gradually worsens the further the vertex data is from the origin of XYZ(0,0,0) These texture issues do not occur on desktop OpenGL (works fine under Windows XP, Windows 7, and Mac OS X) I've only seen the problem occur on Android, iPhone, or WebGL(which is similar to OpenGL ES 2.0) All textures are power of 2 but the problem still occurs Scaling the vertex data - The values of a vertex's X Y Z location are in the range of: -65536 to +65536 floating point I realized this was large, so I tried dividing the vertex positions by 1024 to shrink the geometry and hopefully get more accurate floating point precision, but this didn't fix or lessen the texture distortion issue Scaling the modelview or scaling the projection matrix does not help Changing texture filtering options does not help Disabling mipmapping, or using GL_NEAREST/GL_LINEAR does nothing Enabling/disabling anisotropic does nothing The banding effect still occurs even when using GL_CLAMP Dividing the texture coords passed to the vertex shader and then multiplying them back to the correct values in the fragment shader, also does not work precision highp sampler2D, highp float, highp int - in the fragment or the vertex shader didn't change anything (lowp/mediump did not work either) I'm thinking this problem has to have been solved at one point - Seeing that OpenGL ES 2.0 -based games have been able to render large-scale, highly detailed geometry

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  • Tips for communication between JS browser game and node.js server?

    - by Petteri Hietavirta
    I am tinkering around with some simple Canvas based cave flyer game and I would like to make it multiplayer eventually. The plan is to use Node.js on the server side. The data sent over would consists of position of each player, direction, velocity and such. The player movements are simple force physics, so I should be able to extrapolate movements before next update from server. Any tips or best practices on the communications side? I guess web sockets are the way to go. Should I send information in every pass of the game loop or with specified intervals? Also, I don't mind if it doesn't work with older browsers.

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  • Collision Detection with SAT: False Collision for Diagonal Movement Towards Vertical Tile-Walls?

    - by Macks
    Edit: Problem solved! Big thanks to Jonathan who pointed me in the right direction. Sean describes the method I used in a different thread. Also big thanks to him! :) Here is how I solved my problem: If a collision is registered by my SAT-method, only fire the collision-event on my character if there are no neighbouring solid tiles in the direction of the returned minimum translation vector. I'm developing my first tile-based 2D-game with Javascript. To learn the basics, I decided to write my own "game engine". I have successfully implemented collision detection using the separating axis theorem, but I've run into a problem that I can't quite wrap my head around. If I press the [up] and [left] arrow-keys simultaneously, my character moves diagonally towards the upper left. If he hits a horizontal wall, he'll just keep moving in x-direction. The same goes for [up] and [left] as well as downward-diagonal movements, it works as intended: http://i.stack.imgur.com/aiZjI.png Diagonal movement works fine for horizontal walls, for both left and right-movement However: this does not work for vertical walls. Instead of keeping movement in y-direction, he'll just stop as soon as he "enters" a new tile on the y-axis. So for some reason SAT thinks my character is colliding vertically with tiles from vertical walls: http://i.stack.imgur.com/XBEKR.png My character stops because he thinks that he is colliding vertically with tiles from the wall on the right. This only occurs, when: Moving into top-right direction towards the right wall Moving into top-left direction towards the left wall Bottom-right and bottom-left movement work: the character keeps moving in y-direction as intended. Is this inherited from the way SAT works or is there a problem with my implementation? What can I do to solve my problem? Oh yeah, my character is displayed as a circle but he's actually a rectangular polygon for the collision detection. Thank you very much for your help.

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  • How is the terrain generated in Commandos and Commandos game clones/look-alikes?

    - by teodron
    The Commandos series of games and its similar western counterpart, Desperados, use a mix of 2D and 3D elements to achieve a very pleasing and immersive atmosphere. Apart from the concept that alone made the series a best-seller, the graphics eye-candy was also a much appreciated asset of that game. I was very curious on what was the technique used to model and adorn the realistic terrains in those titles? Below are some screenshots that could be relevant as a reference for whomever has a candidate answer: The tiny details and patternless distribution of ornamental textures make me think that these terrains were not generated using a standard heightmap-blendmap method.

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  • improve Collision detection memory usage (blocks with bullets)

    - by Eddy
    i am making a action platform 2D game, something like Megaman. I am using XNA to make it. already made player phisics,collisions, bullets, enemies and AIs, map editor, scorolling X Y camera (about 75% of game is finished ). as i progressed i noticed that my game would be more interesting to play if bullets would be destroyed on collision with regular(stationary ) map blocks, only problem is that if i use my collision detection (each bullet with each block) sometimes it begins to lag(btw if my bullet exits the screen player can see it is removed from bullet list) So how to improve my collision detection so that memory usage would be so high? :) ( on a map 300x300 blocks for example don't think that bigger map should be made); int block = 0; int bulet= 0; bool destroy_bullet = false; while (bulet < bullets.Count) { while (block < blocks.Count) { if (bullets[bulet].P_Bul_rec.Intersects( blocks[block].rect)) {//bullets and block are Lists that holds objects of bullet and block classes //P_Bul_rec just bullet rectangle destroy_bullet = true; } block++; } if (destroy_bullet) { bullets.RemoveAt(bulet); destroy_bullet = false; } else { bulet++; } block = 0; }

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  • Convex Hull for Concave Objects

    - by Lighthink
    I want to implement GJK and I want it to handle concave shapes too (almost all my shapes are concave). I've thought of decomposing the concave shape into convex shapes and then building a hierarchical tree out of convex shapes, but I do not know how to do it. Nothing I could find on the Internet about it wasn't satisfying my needs, so maybe someone can point me in the right direction or give a full explanation.

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  • How can I show a texture in a separate window in an XNA game?

    - by John
    I'm playing around with random map generation and what I want to do is: Input a command to generate a random map. A texture will be created resembling the generation, each pixel resembling each tile. A new window will pop-up, without removing the original one, that will contain the texture. I know how to do this except for the last part. Would someone please tell me how to create a new window and draw a texture to this window?

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  • How to make Box2D bodies automatically return to a initial rotation

    - by sm4
    I have two long Box2D bodies, that can collide while moving one of them around with MouseJoint. I want them to try to hold their position and rotation. Blue body is moved using MouseJoint (yellow) towards the Red body. Red body has another MouseJoint - Blue can push Red, but Red will try to return to the start point thanks to the MouseJoint - this works just fine. Both bodies correctly rotate along the middle. This is still as I want. I change the MouseJoint to move the Blue away. What I need is both bodies return to their initial rotation (green arrows) Desired positions and rotations Is there anything in Box2D that could do this automatically? The MouseJoint does that nicely for position. I need it in AndEngine (Java, Android) port, but any Box2D solution is fine. EDIT: By automatically I mean having something I can add to the object "Paddle" without the need to change game loop. I want to encapsulate this functionality to the object itself. I already have an object Paddle that has its own UpdateHandler which is being called from the game loop. What would be much nicer is to attach some kind of "spring" joint to both left and right sides of the paddle that would automatically level the paddle. I will be exploring this option soon.

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  • Multiplayer game communication framework for mac/ios

    - by ishaq
    (Cross post from stackoverflow) I am creating a multiplayer 2D game for Mac and iOS devices. I'll be using cocso2d for graphics/game engine, however I am largely blank on what to use for multiplayer communication. Please note that I cannot use central severs e.g. SmartFox, RedDwarf, etc since I want the players to "host" games for others and be able to play it on their LAN, VPN or my own servers. Any pointers? I checked lidgren but it's for .NET only and hence not an option for me. EDIT: just in case it wasn't clear, the messaging has to be real time hence it's probably going to be over UDP

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  • List of Open Source Java Games for Android

    - by BluFire
    I'm wondering if there are any more opensource games than the ones that you can plainly see when you search a list of open source games for android on google. Such as, is there a good website that has compiled open source games? I don't want an answer of "go google it" or "en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_open_source_Android_applications" it gets really annoying on posts when people just give lazy answers.

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  • Interactive Fiction engine and Tech Support - has anyone done this? [on hold]

    - by Larry G. Wapnitsky
    I've always been a big fan of Interactive Fiction and have been wanting to try my hand at it for a while. I have a need to create a decision tree for my tech support group (L1-L3) and feel as though presenting a decision tree in the form of an IF game would be rather interesting and helpful. I plan on using Inform7, but am curious if anyone has done anything like this in the past. If so, can you present examples, links to examples, opinions? Thanks, Larry

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