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  • LWJGL - Continuous key press event without delay

    - by Zarkopafilis
    I am checking for key presses and then based on the keys pressed I am moving a square around the screen. I am setting booleans for the keys WASD. But , Whenever I try to keep the key down , it takes a while till it moves continuously (Just a half second stop after a single move.) Any way to get rid of that and make it be "smooth"? Code: up = false; down = false; left = false; right = false; reset = false; while(Keyboard.next()){ if (Keyboard.getEventKeyState()) { if(Keyboard.isKeyDown(Keyboard.KEY_SPACE)){ reset = false; } if(Keyboard.isKeyDown(Keyboard.KEY_W)){ up = true; } if(Keyboard.isKeyDown(Keyboard.KEY_S)){ down = true; } if(Keyboard.isKeyDown(Keyboard.KEY_A)){ left = true; } if(Keyboard.isKeyDown(Keyboard.KEY_D)){ right = true; } } }

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  • Problem using glm::lookat

    - by omikun
    I am trying to rotate a sprite so it is always facing a 3D camera. Object GLfloat vertexData[] = { // X Y Z U V 0.0f, 0.8f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, -0.8f,-0.8f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.8f,-0.8f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, }; Per frame transform glm::mat4 newTransform = glm::lookAt(glm::vec3(0), gCamera.position(), gCamera.up()); shaders->setUniform("camera", gCamera.matrix()); shaders->setUniform("model", newTransform); In the vertex shader: gl_Position = camera * model * vec4(vert, 1); The object will track the camera if I move the camera up or down, but if I move the camera left/right (spin the camera around the object's y axis), it will rotate in the other direction so I end up seeing its front twice and its back twice as I rotate around it 360. If I use -gCamera.up() instead, it would track the camera side to side, but spin the opposite direction when I move the camera up/down. What am I doing wrong?

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  • How to I get a rotated sprite to move left or right?

    - by rphello101
    Using Java/Slick 2D, I'm using the mouse to rotate a sprite on the screen and the directional keys (in this case, WASD) to move the spite. Forwards and backwards is easy, just position += cos(ang)*speed or position -= cos(ang)*speed. But how do I get the sprite to move left or right? I'm thinking it has something to do with adding 90 degrees to the angle or something. Any ideas? Rotation code: int mX = Mouse.getX(); int mY = HEIGHT - Mouse.getY(); int pX = sprite.x+sprite.image.getWidth()/2; int pY = sprite.y+sprite.image.getHeight()/2; double mAng; if(mX!=pX){ mAng = Math.toDegrees(Math.atan2(mY - pY, mX - pX)); if(mAng==0 && mX<=pX) mAng=180; } else{ if(mY>pY) mAng=90; else mAng=270; } sprite.angle = mAng; sprite.image.setRotation((float) mAng); And the movement code (delta is change in time): Input input = gc.getInput(); Vector2f direction = new Vector2f(); Vector2f velocity = new Vector2f(); direction.x = (float) Math.cos(Math.toRadians(sprite.angle)); direction.y = (float) Math.sin(Math.toRadians(sprite.angle)); if(direction.length()>0) direction = direction.normalise(); //On a separate note, what does this line of code do? velocity.x = (float) (direction.x * sprite.moveSpeed); velocity.y = (float) (direction.y * sprite.moveSpeed); if(input.isKeyDown(sprite.up)){ sprite.x += velocity.x*delta; sprite.y += velocity.y*delta; }if (input.isKeyDown(sprite.down)){ sprite.x -= velocity.x*delta; sprite.y -= velocity.y*delta; }if (input.isKeyDown(sprite.left)){ //??? }if (input.isKeyDown(sprite.right)){ //??? }

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  • How about the Asp.net processes and threads and apppools?

    - by Michel
    Hi, as i understand, when i load a asp.net .aspx page on the (iis)server, it's processed via the w3p.exe process. But when iis gets multiple requests, are they all processed by the same w3p process? And does this process automaticly use all my processors and cores? And after that: when i start i new thread in my page, this thread still works when the pages is already served to the client. Where does this thread live? also in the w3p.exe process? And what if i assign another apppool to my site, what does that do? Michel

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  • Tile-based maps in AS3

    - by Ashley
    I want to make a tile-based platformer in AS3. I want my game to read an external maps file (in xml or json or somethimg similar) to draw a tile-based map. I've seen loads of tutorials for this in AS2 and other languages, and the few I've found in AS3 are either incomplete or filled with extra unnecessary features. I just want to be able to draw a basic map from sprites in Flash. Any links or information to point me in the right direction would be appreciated.

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  • Slick2D: Animation not being parsed from spritesheet correctly

    - by user2066880
    I have a 960x960 spritesheet with each tile being 192x192. I initialized my spritesheet and animation like so: spritesheet = new SpriteSheet("resources/spritesheets/player.png", 192, 192); walkingLeft = new Animation(spritesheet, 3, 0, 0, 1, true, 20, true); When I attempt to render the animation, I get a java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: -1 error. This error doesn't occur when I'm creating an animation from images in the same row. Therefore, I'm assuming that the error is being caused because of the way Slick is handling horizontal scanning (going to the next row after reaching the end).

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  • Best practices for periodically saving game state to disk

    - by Ben Morris
    I'm working on an MMO. All of the player and environment data lives on a server and is kept in memory. There's a "world" object which keeps track of all of the maps, characters, etc. and their relations to each other. To avoid data loss in case of a crash, I've been periodically serializing the world to disk. The trouble is, this object can be quite large, so when the server starts writing, there's noticeable in-game slowdown for a few seconds, which I'd like to avoid. Any pointers on how to go about this in a more efficient way?

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  • Drawing lines in 3D space

    - by DeadMG
    When attempting to draw a line in 3D space with D3DPT_LINELIST, then Direct3D gives me an error about an invalid vertex declaration, saying that it cannot be converted to an FVF. I am using the same vertex declaration and shader/stream setup as for my D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST rendering which works absolutely correctly. How can I use D3DPT_LINELIST to render some lines in 3D space? Edit: Oopsie, forgot my codeses. Here's my raw Draw call. D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSource(1, PerBoneBuffer.get(), 0, sizeof(PerInstanceData))); D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSourceFreq(1, D3DSTREAMSOURCE_INSTANCEDATA | 1)); D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSource(0, LineVerts, 0, sizeof(D3DXVECTOR3))); D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSourceFreq(0, D3DSTREAMSOURCE_INDEXEDDATA | lines.size())); D3DCALL(device->SetIndices(LineIndices)); PerInstanceData* data; std::vector<Wide::Render::Line*> lines_vec(lines.begin(), lines.end()); D3DCALL(PerBoneBuffer->Lock(0, lines.size() * sizeof(PerInstanceData), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&data), D3DLOCK_DISCARD)); std::for_each(lines.begin(), lines.end(), [&](Wide::Render::Line* ptr) { data->Color = D3DXColor(ptr->Colour); D3DXMATRIXA16 Translate, Scale, Rotate; D3DXMatrixTranslation(&Translate, ptr->Start.x, ptr->Start.y, ptr->Start.z); D3DXMatrixScaling(&Scale, ptr->Scale, 1, 1); D3DXMatrixRotationQuaternion(&Rotate, &D3DQuaternion(ptr->Rotation)); data->World = Scale * Rotate * Translate; }); D3DCALL(PerBoneBuffer->Unlock()); D3DCALL(device->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPRIMITIVETYPE::D3DPT_LINELIST, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1)); Here's my vertex declaration: D3DVERTEXELEMENT9 BasicMeshVertices[] = { {0, 0, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT3, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_POSITION, 0}, {1, 0, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 0}, {1, 16, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 1}, {1, 32, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 2}, {1, 48, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 3}, {1, 64, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_COLOR, 0}, D3DDECL_END() }; The LineIndices are just 0, 1 and the LineVerts are just {0,0,0} and {1,0,0}, to represent a unit 3D line along the X axis.

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  • Mobile 3D engine renders alpha as full-object transparency

    - by Nils Munch
    I am running a iOS project using the isgl3d framework for showing pod files. I have a stylish car with 0.5 alpha windows, that I wish to render on a camera background, seeking some augmented reality goodness. The alpha on the windows looks okay, but when I add the object, I notice that it renders the entire object transparently, where the windows are. Including interior of the car. Like so (in example, keyboard can be seen through the dashboard, seats and so on. should be solid) The car interior is a seperate object with alpha 1.0. I would rather not show a "ghost car" in my project, but I haven't found a way around this. Have anyone encountered the same issue, and eventually reached a solution ?

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  • How can I fix these errors with Panda3D's sample projects?

    - by lhk
    I just installed the latest Panda3D packages on a Mint 12 32-bit virtual machine. Then I downloaded and configured Eclipse and tried to run the Asteroids sample project. The window is created properly. But after rendering the scence once the game freezes. This happens with the other sample apps, too. Here's the error log: DirectStart: Starting the game. Known pipe types: glxGraphicsPipe (all display modules loaded.) :display:gsg:glgsg(warning): Occlusion queries advertised as supported by OpenGL runtime, but could not get pointers to extension functions. OpenGL Warning: glXChooseFBConfig returning NULL, due to attrib=0x6, next=0xffffffff :display:glxdisplay(warning): No suitable FBConfig contexts available; using XVisual only. depth_bits=16 color_bits=24 alpha_bits=8 stencil_bits=8 accum_bits=64 back_buffers=1 stereo=1 force_hardware=1 AL lib: pulseaudio.c:331: PulseAudio returned minreq > tlength/2; expect break up :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 5703 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4654 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4654 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 5703 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 3057 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 3057 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant OpenGL Warning: No pincher, please call crStateSetCurrentPointers() in your SPU :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 5703 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 5703 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 3661 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 3661 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 5703 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display(error): Deactivating glxGraphicsStateGuardian. What can I do to fix the problem ?

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  • Monogame - Input secuence game (Scripting?)

    - by user2662567
    I'm starting to program my very first game, it's a clone of DDR/Stepmania done for research purposes and learning. I (at this early stage) get most of the UI/Music/input work that should be done, but what i still can't grasp is scripting, i've read about Lua and that you shouldn't use it with XNA/Monogame as C# is capable enough, but i cannot get the utility of it. Assuming the needs of my game, ¿What would be the ideal way to implement the input secuences it needs?, i thought of XML/Json, let's say Stage 1 <game> <level id="1"> <step id="1" key="up" time="00:00:01"/> <step id="2" key="left" time="00:00:02"/> </level> </game> Is that a correct implementation? or are there better ways with more benefits?

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  • How to read BC4 texture in GLSL?

    - by Question
    I'm supposed to receive a texture in BC4 format. In OpenGL, i guess this format is called GL_COMPRESSED_RED_RGTC1. The texture is not really a "texture", more like a data to handle at fragment shader. Usually, to get colors from a texture within a fragment shader, i do : uniform sampler2D TextureUnit; void main() { vec4 TexColor = texture2D(TextureUnit, vec2(gl_TexCoord[0])); (...) the result of which is obviously a v4, for RGBA. But now, i'm supposed to receive a single float from the read. I'm struggling to understand how this is achieved. Should i still use a texture sampler, and expect the value to be in a specific position (for example, within TexColor.r ?), or should i use something else ?

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  • grep for value of keyvaue pair and format

    - by imerez
    When I do the following ps -aef|grep "asdf" I get a list of processes that are running. Each one of my process has the following text in the output: -ProcessName=XXXX I'd like to be able to format the out put so all I get is: The following processes are running: Process A Process B etc..

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  • Camera lookAt target changes when rotating parent node

    - by Michael IV
    have the following issue.I have a camera with lookAt method which works fine.I have a parent node to which I parent the camera.If I rotate the parent node while keeping the camera lookAt the target , the camera lookAt changes too.That is nor what I want to achieve.I need it to work like in Adobe AE when you parent camera to a null object:when null object is rotated the camera starts orbiting around the target while still looking at the target.What I do currently is multiplying parent's model matrix with camera model matrix which is calculated from lookAt() method.I am sure I need to decompose (or recompose ) one of the matrices before multiplying them .Parent model or camera model ? Anyone here can show the right way doing it ? UPDATE: The parent is just a node .The child is the camera.The parented camera in AfterEffects works like this: If you rotate the parent node while camera looks at the target , the camera actually starts orbiting around the target based on the parent rotation.In my case the parent rotation changes also Camera's lookAt direction which IS NOT what I want.Hope now it is clear .

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  • Physics/Graphics Components

    - by Brett Powell
    I have spent the last 48 hours reading up on Object Component systems, and feel I am ready enough to start implementing it. I got the base Object and Component classes created, but now that I need to start creating the actual components I am a bit confused. When I think of them in terms of HealthComponent or something that would basically just be a property, it makes perfect sense. When it is something more general as a Physics/Graphics component, I get a bit confused. My Object class looks like this so far (If you notice any changes I should make please let me know, still new to this)... typedef unsigned int ID; class GameObject { public: GameObject(ID id, Ogre::String name = ""); ~GameObject(); ID &getID(); Ogre::String &getName(); virtual void update() = 0; // Component Functions void addComponent(Component *component); void removeComponent(Ogre::String familyName); template<typename T> T* getComponent(Ogre::String familyName) { return dynamic_cast<T*>(m_components[familyName]); } protected: // Properties ID m_ID; Ogre::String m_Name; float m_flVelocity; Ogre::Vector3 m_vecPosition; // Components std::map<std::string,Component*> m_components; std::map<std::string,Component*>::iterator m_componentItr; }; Now the problem I am running into is what would the general population put into Components such as Physics/Graphics? For Ogre (my rendering engine) the visible Objects will consist of multiple Ogre::SceneNode (possibly multiple) to attach it to the scene, Ogre::Entity (possibly multiple) to show the visible meshes, and so on. Would it be best to just add multiple GraphicComponent's to the Object and let each GraphicComponent handle one SceneNode/Entity or is the idea to have one of each Component needed? For Physics I am even more confused. I suppose maybe creating a RigidBody and keeping track of mass/interia/etc. would make sense. But I am having trouble thinking of how to actually putting specifics into a Component. Once I get a couple of these "Required" components done, I think it will make a lot more sense. As of right now though I am still a bit stumped.

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  • Game Center: Leaderboard score inconsistencies

    - by Hasyimi Bahrudin
    Background I'm currently developing a simple library that mirrors Game Center's functionalities locally. Basically, this library is a system that manages achievements and leaderboards, and optionally sync it with the Game Center. So, if the game is not GC enabled, the game will still have achievements and leaderboards (stored inside a plist). But of course, the leaderboards will then only contain the local player's scores (which is kind of useless, I know :P). Problem Currently I have coded both of the achievements and leaderboards subsystems. The achievements subsystem have already been tested and it works. I'm currently testing the leaderboards subsystem using multiple test user accounts. I loaded the test app on a device and on the simulator, both logged in with 2 different user accounts. Then I performed these steps: I first used the device to upload a score. Then, I ran the simulator, and the score submitted by the user on the device is shown. Which is cool. Then, I used the simulator to upload a score. But on the device, still, only one score is listed. I checked on the Game Center app (to see if the bug lies within my code), and I got the same thing. Under "All players", there is only one score on the device, but there are 2 scores on the simulator. I wanted to make sure that the simulator is not causing this, so I swapped the users on the device and the simulator, and the result is still the same. In other words, the first user is oblivious of the second user's score, but the second user can see the first user's score. Then I tried with a third user. The result: the third user can only see the scores of the first user and himself. The second user still sees the scores of the first user and himself. The first user only sees his own score. Now here comes the weird part. I then make the first user and the second user befriend each other. The result: under "Friends", the first user can see the second user's score, but under "All Players", the first user's score is the only one listed. Screenshots The first user sees this: The second user sees this: So, is this a normal thing when using sandboxed GC accounts? Is this behavior documented somewhere by Apple?

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  • Limiting game loop to exactly 60 tics per second (Android / Java)

    - by user22241
    So I'm having terrible problems with stuttering sprites. My rendering and logic takes less than a game tic (16.6667ms) However, although my game loop runs most of the time at 60 ticks per second, it sometimes goes up to 61 - when this happens, the sprites stutter. Currently, my variables used are: //Game updates per second final int ticksPerSecond = 60; //Amount of time each update should take final int skipTicks = (1000 / ticksPerSecond); This is my current game loop @Override public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub //This method will run continuously //You should call both 'render' and 'update' methods from here //Set curTime initial value if '0' //Set/Re-set loop back to 0 to start counting again loops=0; while(System.currentTimeMillis() > nextGameTick && loops < maxFrameskip){ SceneManager.getInstance().getCurrentScene().updateLogic(); //Time correction to compensate for the missing .6667ms when using int values nextGameTick+=skipTicks; timeCorrection += (1000d/ticksPerSecond) % 1; nextGameTick+=timeCorrection; timeCorrection %=1; //Increase loops loops++; } render(); } I realise that my skipTicks is an int and therefore will come out as 16 rather that 16.6667 However, I tried changing it (and ticksPerSecond) to Longs but got the same problem). I also tried to change the timer used to Nanotime and skiptics to 1000000000/ticksPerSecond, but everything just ran at about 300 ticks per seconds. All I'm attempting to do is to limit my game loop to 60 - what is the best way to guarantee that my game updates never happen at more than 60 times a second? Please note, I do realise that very very old devices might not be able to handle 60 although I really don't expect this to happen - I've tested it on the lowest device I have and it easily achieves 60 tics. So I'm not worried about a device not being able to handle the 60 ticks per second, but rather need to limit it - any help would be appreciated.

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  • Game physics / 2D Collision detection AS3

    - by Jery
    I know there are some methods you can use like hittestPoint and so on, but I want to see where my movieclip colliedes with another another movieclip. Any other methods I can use? by any chance does somebody know some a good introduction to game physics? Im asking because I coded a small engine and pretty much the whole code is spagetti code thats why I would like to know how you can setup something like this properly

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  • How do I simplify terrain with tunnels or overhangs?

    - by KKlouzal
    I'm attempting to store vertex data in a quadtree with C++, such that far-away vertices can be combined to simplify the object and speed up rendering. This works well with a reasonably flat mesh, but what about terrain with overhangs or tunnels? How should I represent such a mesh in a quadtree? After the initial generation, each mesh is roughly 130,000 polygons and about 300 of these meshes are lined up to create the surface of a planetary body. A fully generated planet is upwards of 10,000,000 polygons before applying any culling to the individual meshes. Therefore, this second optimization is vital for the project. The rest of my confusion focuses around my inexperience with vertex data: How do I properly loop through the vertex data to group them into specific quads? How do I conclude from vertex data what a quad's maximum size should be? How many quads should the quadtree include?

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  • Game actions that take multiple frames to complete

    - by CantTetris
    I've never really done much game programming before, pretty straightforward question. Imagine I'm building a Tetris game, with the main loop looking something like this. for every frame handle input if it's time to make the current block move down a row if we can move the block move the block else remove all complete rows move rows down so there are no gaps if we can spawn a new block spawn a new current block else game over Everything in the game so far happens instantly - things are spawned instantly, rows are removed instantly etc. But what if I don't want things to happen instantly (i.e animate things)? for every frame handle input if it's time to make the current block move down a row if we can move the block move the block else ?? animate complete rows disappearing (somehow, wait over multiple frames until the animation is done) ?? animate rows moving downwards (and again, wait over multiple frames) if we can spawn a new block spawn a new current block else game over In my Pong clone this wasn't an issue, as every frame I was just moving the ball and checking for collisions. How can I wrap my head around this issue? Surely most games involves some action that takes more than a frame, and other things halt until the action is done.

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  • Organising levels / rooms in a MUD-style text based world

    - by Polynomial
    I'm thinking of writing a small text-based adventure game, but I'm not particularly sure how I should design the world from a technical standpoint. My first thought is to do it in XML, designed something like the following. Apologies for the huge pile of XML, but I felt it important to fully explain what I'm doing. <level> <start> <!-- start in kitchen with empty inventory --> <room>Kitchen</room> <inventory></inventory> </start> <rooms> <room> <name>Kitchen</name> <description>A small kitchen that looks like it hasn't been used in a while. It has a table in the middle, and there are some cupboards. There is a door to the north, which leads to the garden.</description> <!-- IDs of the objects the room contains --> <objects> <object>Cupboards</object> <object>Knife</object> <object>Batteries</object> </objects> </room> <room> <name>Garden</name> <description>The garden is wild and full of prickly bushes. To the north there is a path, which leads into the trees. To the south there is a house.</description> <objects> </objects> </room> <room> <name>Woods</name> <description>The woods are quite dark, with little light bleeding in from the garden. It is eerily quiet.</description> <objects> <object>Trees01</object> </objects> </room> </rooms> <doors> <!-- a door isn't necessarily a door. each door has a type, i.e. "There is a <type> leading to..." from and to are references the rooms that this door joins. direction specifies the direction (N,S,E,W,Up,Down) from <from> to <to> --> <door> <type>door</type> <direction>N</direction> <from>Kitchen</from> <to>Garden</to> </door> <door> <type>path</type> <direction>N</direction> <from>Garden</type> <to>Woods</type> </door> </doors> <variables> <!-- variables set by actions --> <variable name="cupboard_open">0</variable> </variables> <objects> <!-- definitions for objects --> <object> <name>Trees01</name> <displayName>Trees</displayName> <actions> <!-- any actions not defined will show the default failure message --> <action> <command>EXAMINE</command> <message>The trees are tall and thick. There aren't any low branches, so it'd be difficult to climb them.</message> </action> </actions> </object> <object> <name>Cupboards</name> <displayName>Cupboards</displayName> <actions> <action> <!-- requirements make the command only work when they are met --> <requirements> <!-- equivilent of "if(cupboard_open == 1)" --> <require operation="equal" value="1">cupboard_open</require> </requirements> <command>EXAMINE</command> <!-- fail message is the message displayed when the requirements aren't met --> <failMessage>The cupboard is closed.</failMessage> <message>The cupboard contains some batteires.</message> </action> <action> <requirements> <require operation="equal" value="0">cupboard_open</require> </requirements> <command>OPEN</command> <failMessage>The cupboard is already open.</failMessage> <message>You open the cupboard. It contains some batteries.</message> <!-- assigns is a list of operations performed on variables when the action succeeds --> <assigns> <assign operation="set" value="1">cupboard_open</assign> </assigns> </action> <action> <requirements> <require operation="equal" value="1">cupboard_open</require> </requirements> <command>CLOSE</command> <failMessage>The cupboard is already closed.</failMessage> <message>You closed the cupboard./message> <assigns> <assign operation="set" value="0">cupboard_open</assign> </assigns> </action> </actions> </object> <object> <name>Batteries</name> <displayName>Batteries</displayName> <!-- by setting inventory to non-zero, we can put it in our bag --> <inventory>1</inventory> <actions> <action> <requirements> <require operation="equal" value="1">cupboard_open</require> </requirements> <command>GET</command> <!-- failMessage isn't required here, it'll just show the usual "You can't see any <blank>." message --> <message>You picked up the batteries.</message> </action> </actions> </object> </objects> </level> Obviously there'd need to be more to it than this. Interaction with people and enemies as well as death and completion are necessary additions. Since the XML is quite difficult to work with, I'd probably create some sort of world editor. I'd like to know if this method has any downfalls, and if there's a "better" or more standard way of doing it.

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  • Problems implementing a screen space shadow ray tracing shader

    - by Grieverheart
    Here I previously asked for the possibility of ray tracing shadows in screen space in a deferred shader. Several problems were pointed out. One of the most important problem is that only visible objects can cast shadows and objects between the camera and the shadow caster can interfere. Still I thought it'd be a fun experiment. The idea is to calculate the view coordinates of pixels and cast a ray to the light. The ray is then traced pixel by pixel to the light and its depth is compared with the depth at the pixel. If a pixel is in front of the ray, a shadow is casted at the original pixel. At first I thought that I could use the DDA algorithm in 2D to calculate the distance 't' (in p = o + t d, where o origin, d direction) to the next pixel and use it in the 3D ray equation to find the ray's z coordinate at that pixel's position. For the 2D ray, I would use the projected and biased 3D ray direction and origin. The idea was that 't' would be the same in both 2D and 3D equations. Unfortunately, this is not the case since the projection matrix is 4D. Thus, some tweak needs to be done to make this work this way. I would like to ask if someone knows of a way to do what I described above, i.e. from a 2D ray in texture coordinate space to get the 3D ray in screen space. I did implement a simple version of the idea which you can see in the following video: video here Shadows may seem a bit pixelated, but that's mostly because of the size of the step in 't' I chose. And here is the shader: #version 330 core uniform sampler2D DepthMap; uniform vec2 projAB; uniform mat4 projectionMatrix; const vec3 light_p = vec3(-30.0, 30.0, -10.0); noperspective in vec2 pass_TexCoord; smooth in vec3 viewRay; layout(location = 0) out float out_AO; vec3 CalcPosition(void){ float depth = texture(DepthMap, pass_TexCoord).r; float linearDepth = projAB.y / (depth - projAB.x); vec3 ray = normalize(viewRay); ray = ray / ray.z; return linearDepth * ray; } void main(void){ vec3 origin = CalcPosition(); if(origin.z < -60) discard; vec2 pixOrigin = pass_TexCoord; //tex coords vec3 dir = normalize(light_p - origin); vec2 texel_size = vec2(1.0 / 600.0); float t = 0.1; ivec2 pixIndex = ivec2(pixOrigin / texel_size); out_AO = 1.0; while(true){ vec3 ray = origin + t * dir; vec4 temp = projectionMatrix * vec4(ray, 1.0); vec2 texCoord = (temp.xy / temp.w) * 0.5 + 0.5; ivec2 newIndex = ivec2(texCoord / texel_size); if(newIndex != pixIndex){ float depth = texture(DepthMap, texCoord).r; float linearDepth = projAB.y / (depth - projAB.x); if(linearDepth > ray.z + 0.1){ out_AO = 0.2; break; } pixIndex = newIndex; } t += 0.5; if(texCoord.x < 0 || texCoord.x > 1.0 || texCoord.y < 0 || texCoord.y > 1.0) break; } } As you can see, here I just increment 't' by some arbitrary factor, calculate the 3D ray and project it to get the pixel coordinates, which is not really optimal. Hopefully, I would like to optimize the code as much as possible and compare it with shadow mapping and how it scales with the number of lights. PS: Keep in mind that I reconstruct position from depth by interpolating rays through a full screen quad.

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  • OpenGL not rendering my images to the screen

    - by Brendan Webster
    for some reason my game isn't showing the image I am rendering to the screen. My engine is state based, and at the beginning I set the logo, but it isn't showing on the screen. Here is my method of doing so first I create one image and assign some values to it's preset values. //create one image instance for the logo background O_File.v_Create_Images(1); //set the atributes of the background //first Image O_File.sImage[0].nImageDepth = -30.0f; O_File.sImage[0].sImageLocation = "image.bmp"; //load the images int O_File.v_Load_Images(); Then I load them with DevIL void C_File_Manager::v_Load_Images() { ilGenImages(1, &image); ilBindImage(image); for(int i = 0;i < sImage.size();i++) { success = ilLoadImage(sImage[i].sImageLocation.c_str()); if (success) { success = ilConvertImage(IL_RGBA, IL_UNSIGNED_BYTE); glGenTextures(1, &image); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, image); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 4, ilGetInteger(IL_IMAGE_WIDTH), ilGetInteger(IL_IMAGE_HEIGHT), 0, ilGetInteger(IL_IMAGE_FORMAT), GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, ilGetData()); //asign values to the width and height of the image if they are already not assigned if(sImage[i].nImageHeight == 0) sImage[i].nImageHeight = ilGetInteger(IL_IMAGE_HEIGHT); if(sImage[i].nImageWidth == 0) sImage[i].nImageWidth = ilGetInteger(IL_IMAGE_WIDTH); std::cout << sImage[i].nImageHeight << std::endl; const std::string word = sImage[i].sImageLocation.c_str(); std::cout << sImage[i].sImageLocation.c_str() << std::endl; ilLoadImage(word.c_str()); ilDeleteImages(1, &image); } } } and then I apply them to the screen void C_File_Manager::v_Apply_Images() { glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); for(int i = 0;i < sImage.size();i++) { //move the image to where it should be on the screen; glTranslatef(sImage[i].nImageX,sImage[i].nImageY,sImage[i].nImageDepth); //rotate image around the 3 axes glRotatef(sImage[i].fImageAngleX,1,0,0); glRotatef(sImage[i].fImageAngleY,0,1,0); glRotatef(sImage[i].fImageAngleZ,0,0,1); //scale the image glScalef(1,1,1); //center the image glTranslatef((sImage[i].nImageWidth/2),(sImage[i].nImageHeight/2),0); //draw the box that will encase the loaded image glBegin(GL_QUADS); //change the color of the loaded image; glColor4f(1,1,1,1); //top left corner of image glNormal3f(0.0,0,0.0); glTexCoord2f (1.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(0,0,sImage[i].nImageDepth); //top right corner of image glNormal3f(1.0,0,0.0); glTexCoord2f (1.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(0,sImage[i].nImageHeight,sImage[i].nImageDepth); //bottom right corner of image glNormal3f(-1.0,0,0.0); glTexCoord2f (0.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(sImage[i].nImageWidth,sImage[i].nImageHeight,sImage[i].nImageDepth); //bottom left corner of image glNormal3f(-1.0,0,0.0); glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(sImage[i].nImageWidth,0,sImage[i].nImageDepth); glEnd(); } } when I debug there is no errors at all, but yet the images don't show up on the screen, I have positioned the camera at (0,0,-1) and that is where the images should show up. the clipping plane is set 1 to 1000. There is probably some random problem with the code, but I just can't catch it.

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  • Rotate a particle system

    - by Blueski
    Languages / Libraries in use: C++, OpenGL, GLUT Okay, here's the deal. I've got a particle system which shoots out alpha blended textures to produce a flame. The system only keeps track of very basic things such as, time alive, life, xyz and spread. The direction in which the flames are currently moving in is purely based on other things which are going on in my code ( I assume ). My goal however, is to attach the flame to the camera (DONE) and have the flame pointing in the direction my camera is facing (NOT WORKING). I've tried glRotate for both x,y,z and I can't get it to work properly. I'm currently using gluLookAt to move the camera, and get the flame to follow the XYZ of the camera by calling glTranslatef(camX, camY - offset, camZ); Any suggestions on how I can rotate the direction of the flame with the camera would be greatly appreciated. Heres an image of what I've got: http://i.imgur.com/YhV4w.png Notes: Crosshair depicts where camera is facing if I turn the camera, flame doesn't follow the crosshair Also asked here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9560396/rotate-a-particle-system but was referred here

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  • Shadows shimmer when camera moves

    - by Chad Layton
    I've implemented shadow maps in my simple block engine as an exercise. I'm using one directional light and using the view volume to create the shadow matrices. I'm experiencing some problems with the shadows shimmering when the camera moves and I'd like to know if it's an issue with my implementation or just an issue with basic/naive shadow mapping itself. Here's a video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyprATt5BBg&feature=youtu.be Here's the code I use to create the shadow matrices. The commented out code is my original attempt to perfectly fit the view frustum. You can also see my attempt to try clamping movement to texels in the shadow map which didn't seem to make any difference. Then I tried using a bounding sphere instead, also to no apparent effect. public void CreateViewProjectionTransformsToFit(Camera camera, out Matrix viewTransform, out Matrix projectionTransform, out Vector3 position) { BoundingSphere cameraViewFrustumBoundingSphere = BoundingSphere.CreateFromFrustum(camera.ViewFrustum); float lightNearPlaneDistance = 1.0f; Vector3 lookAt = cameraViewFrustumBoundingSphere.Center; float distanceFromLookAt = cameraViewFrustumBoundingSphere.Radius + lightNearPlaneDistance; Vector3 directionFromLookAt = -Direction * distanceFromLookAt; position = lookAt + directionFromLookAt; viewTransform = Matrix.CreateLookAt(position, lookAt, Vector3.Up); float lightFarPlaneDistance = distanceFromLookAt + cameraViewFrustumBoundingSphere.Radius; float diameter = cameraViewFrustumBoundingSphere.Radius * 2.0f; Matrix.CreateOrthographic(diameter, diameter, lightNearPlaneDistance, lightFarPlaneDistance, out projectionTransform); //Vector3 cameraViewFrustumCentroid = camera.ViewFrustum.GetCentroid(); //position = cameraViewFrustumCentroid - (Direction * (camera.FarPlaneDistance - camera.NearPlaneDistance)); //viewTransform = Matrix.CreateLookAt(position, cameraViewFrustumCentroid, Up); //Vector3[] cameraViewFrustumCornersWS = camera.ViewFrustum.GetCorners(); //Vector3[] cameraViewFrustumCornersLS = new Vector3[8]; //Vector3.Transform(cameraViewFrustumCornersWS, ref viewTransform, cameraViewFrustumCornersLS); //Vector3 min = cameraViewFrustumCornersLS[0]; //Vector3 max = cameraViewFrustumCornersLS[0]; //for (int i = 1; i < 8; i++) //{ // min = Vector3.Min(min, cameraViewFrustumCornersLS[i]); // max = Vector3.Max(max, cameraViewFrustumCornersLS[i]); //} //// Clamp to nearest texel //float texelSize = 1.0f / Renderer.ShadowMapSize; //min.X -= min.X % texelSize; //min.Y -= min.Y % texelSize; //min.Z -= min.Z % texelSize; //max.X -= max.X % texelSize; //max.Y -= max.Y % texelSize; //max.Z -= max.Z % texelSize; //// We just use an orthographic projection matrix. The sun is so far away that it's rays are essentially parallel. //Matrix.CreateOrthographicOffCenter(min.X, max.X, min.Y, max.Y, -max.Z, -min.Z, out projectionTransform); } And here's the relevant part of the shader: if (CastShadows) { float4 positionLightCS = mul(float4(position, 1.0f), LightViewProj); float2 texCoord = clipSpaceToScreen(positionLightCS) + 0.5f / ShadowMapSize; float shadowMapDepth = tex2D(ShadowMapSampler, texCoord).r; float distanceToLight = length(LightPosition - position); float bias = 0.2f; if (shadowMapDepth < (distanceToLight - bias)) { return float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); } } The shimmer is slightly better if I drastically reduce the view volume but I think that's mostly just because the texels become smaller and it's harder to notice them flickering back and forth. I'd appreciate any insight, I'd very much like to understand what's going on before I try other techniques.

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