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  • How to end game properly in unity? [duplicate]

    - by user3889649
    This question already has an answer here: Why do I seem to lose control of my computer when full screen Unity game loses focus? 1 answer I have made a game in unity free. The game is functioning properly but if your computer receives any kind of notification, the game minimizes automatically and stops to work completely. Along with that, my computer freezes completely and I need to restart each time. Is there any solution to this problem in unity ?

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  • Keypress Left is called twice in Update when key is pressed only once

    - by Simran kaur
    I have a piece of code that is changing the position of player when left key is pressed. It is inside of Update() function. I know, Update is called multiple times, but since I have an ifstatement to check if left arrow is pressed, it should update only once. I have tested using print statement that once pressed, it gets called twice. Problem: Position updated twice when key is pressed only once. Below given is the structure of my code: void Update() { if (Input.GetKeyDown (KeyCode.LeftArrow)) { print ("PRESSEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEDDDDDDDDDDDDDD"); } } I looked up on web and what was suggested id this: if (Event.current.type == EventType.KeyDown && Event.current.keyCode == KeyCode.LeftArrow) { print("pressed"); } But, It gives me an error that says: Object reference not set to instance of an object How can I fix this?

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  • Whats a good way to do Collision with 2D Rectangles? can someone give me a tip?

    - by Javier
    using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; namespace BreakOut { class Field { public static Field generateField() { List<Block> blocks = new List<Block>(); for (int j = 0; j < BlockType.BLOCK_TYPES.Length; j++) for (int i = 0; i < (Game1.WIDTH / Block.WIDTH); i++) { Block b = new Block(BlockType.BLOCK_TYPES[j], new Vector2(i * Block.WIDTH, (Block.HEIGHT + 2) * j + 5)); blocks.Add(b); } return new Field(blocks); } List<Block> blocks; public Field(List<Block> blocks) { this.blocks = blocks; } public void Update(GameTime gameTime, Ball b) { List<Block> removals = new List<Block>(); foreach (Block o in blocks) { if (o.BoundingBox.Intersects(new Rectangle((int)b.pos.X, (int)b.pos.Y, Ball.WIDTH, Ball.HEIGHT))) //collision with blocks { removals.Add(o); } } foreach(Block o in removals) blocks.Remove(o); //removes the blocks, but i need help hitting one at a time } public void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { foreach (Block b in blocks) b.Draw(gameTime); } } } My problem is that My collision in this sucks. I'm trying to add collision with a ball and hitting against a block and then one of the blocks dissapear. The problem i'm having is: When the ball hits the block, it removes it all in one instance. Please people don't be mean and say mean answers to me, im just in highschool, still a nooby and trying to learn more c#/XNA..

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  • OpenGL + Allegro. Moving from software drawing X Y to openGL is confusing

    - by Aaron
    Having a fair bit of trouble. I'm used to Allegro and drawing sprites on a bitmap buffer at X Y coords. Now I've started a test project with OpenGL and its weird. Basically, as far as I know, theirs many ways to draw stuff in OpenGL. At the moment, I think I'm creating a Quad? Whatever that is, and I think Ive given it a texture of a bitmap and them im drawing that: GLuint gl_image; bitmap = load_bitmap("cat.bmp", NULL); gl_image = allegro_gl_make_texture_ex(AGL_TEXTURE_MASKED, bitmap, GL_RGBA); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, gl_image); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glColor4ub(255, 255, 255, 255); glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-0.5, 0.5, 0); glTexCoord2f(1, 0); glVertex3f(0.5, 0.5, 0); glTexCoord2f(1, 1); glVertex3f(0.5, -0.5, 0); glTexCoord2f(0, 1); glVertex3f(-0.5, -0.5, 0); glEnd(); So yeah. So I got a few questions: Is this the best way of drawing a sprite? Is it suitable? The big question: Can anyone help / Does anyone know any tutorials on this weird coordinate thing? If it even is that. It's vastly different from XY, but I want to learn it. I was thinking maybe I could learn how this weird positioning stuff works, and then write a function to try and translate it to X and Y coords. Thats about it. I'm still trying to figure it all out on my own but any contributions you guys can make would be greatly appreciated =D Thanks!

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  • Draw Bug 2D player Camera

    - by RedShft
    I have just implemented a 2D player camera for my game, everything works properly except the player on the screen jitters when it moves between tiles. What I mean by jitter, is that if the player is moving the camera updates the tileset to be drawn and if the player steps to the right, the camera snaps that way. The movement is not smooth. I'm guessing this is occurring because of how I implemented the function to calculate the current viewable area or how my draw function works. I'm not entirely sure how to fix this. This camera system was entirely of my own creation and a first attempt at that, so it's very possible this is not a great way of doing things. My camera class, pulls information from the current tileset and calculates the viewable area. Right now I am targettng a resolution of 800 by 600. So I try to fit the appropriate amount of tiles for that resolution. My camera class, after calculating the current viewable tileset relative to the players location, returns a slice of the original tileset to be drawn. This tileset slice is updated every frame according to the players position. This slice is then passed to the map class, which draws the tile on screen. //Map Draw Function //This draw function currently matches the GID of the tile to it's location on the //PNG file of the tileset and then draws this portion on the screen void Draw(SDL_Surface* background, int[] _tileSet) { enforce( tilesetImage != null, "Tileset is null!"); enforce( background != null, "BackGround is null!"); int i = 0; int j = 0; SDL_Rect DestR, SrcR; SrcR.x = 0; SrcR.y = 0; SrcR.h = 32; SrcR.w = 32; foreach(tile; _tileSet) { //This code is matching the current tiles ID to the tileset image SrcR.x = cast(short)(tileWidth * (tile >= 11 ? (tile - ((tile / 10) * 10) - 1) : tile - 1)); SrcR.y = cast(short)(tileHeight * (tile > 10 ? (tile / 10) : 0)); //Applying the tile to the surface SDL_BlitSurface( tilesetImage, &SrcR, background, &DestR ); //this keeps track of what column/row we are on i++; if ( i == mapWidth ) { i = 0; j++; } DestR.x = cast(short)(i * tileWidth); DestR.y = cast(short)(j * tileHeight); } } //Camera Class class Camera { private: //A rectangle representing the view area SDL_Rect viewArea; //In number of tiles int viewAreaWidth; int viewAreaHeight; //This is the x and y coordinate of the camera in MAP SPACE IN PIXELS vect2 cameraCoordinates; //The player location in map space IN PIXELS vect2 playerLocation; //This is the players location in screen space; vect2 playerScreenLoc; int playerTileCol; int playerTileRow; int cameraTileCol; int cameraTileRow; //The map is stored in a single array with the tile ids //this corresponds to the index of the starting and ending tile int cameraStartTile, cameraEndTile; //This is a slice of the current tile set int[] tileSetCopy; int mapWidth; int mapHeight; int tileWidth; int tileHeight; public: this() { this.viewAreaWidth = 25; this.viewAreaHeight = 19; this.cameraCoordinates = vect2(0, 0); this.playerLocation = vect2(0, 0); this.viewArea = SDL_Rect (0, 0, 0, 0); this.tileWidth = 32; this.tileHeight = 32; } void Init(vect2 playerPosition, ref int[] tileSet, int mapWidth, int mapHeight ) { playerLocation = playerPosition; this.mapWidth = mapWidth; this.mapHeight = mapHeight; CalculateCurrentCameraPosition( tileSet, playerPosition ); //writeln( "Tile Set Copy: ", tileSetCopy ); //writeln( "Orginal Tile Set: ", tileSet ); } void CalculateCurrentCameraPosition( ref int[] tileSet, vect2 playerPosition ) { playerLocation = playerPosition; playerTileCol = cast(int)((playerLocation.x / tileWidth) + 1); playerTileRow = cast(int)((playerLocation.y / tileHeight) + 1); //writeln( "Player Tile (Column, Row): ","(", playerTileCol, ", ", playerTileRow, ")"); cameraTileCol = playerTileCol - (viewAreaWidth / 2); cameraTileRow = playerTileRow - (viewAreaHeight / 2); CameraMapBoundsCheck(); //writeln( "Camera Tile Start (Column, Row): ","(", cameraTileCol, ", ", cameraTileRow, ")"); cameraStartTile = ( (cameraTileRow - 1) * mapWidth ) + cameraTileCol - 1; //writeln( "Camera Start Tile: ", cameraStartTile ); cameraEndTile = cameraStartTile + ( viewAreaWidth * viewAreaHeight ) * 2; //writeln( "Camera End Tile: ", cameraEndTile ); tileSetCopy = tileSet[cameraStartTile..cameraEndTile]; } vect2 CalculatePlayerScreenLocation() { cameraCoordinates.x = cast(float)(cameraTileCol * tileWidth); cameraCoordinates.y = cast(float)(cameraTileRow * tileHeight); playerScreenLoc = playerLocation - cameraCoordinates + vect2(32, 32);; //writeln( "Camera Coordinates: ", cameraCoordinates ); //writeln( "Player Location (Map Space): ", playerLocation ); //writeln( "Player Location (Screen Space): ", playerScreenLoc ); return playerScreenLoc; } void CameraMapBoundsCheck() { if( cameraTileCol < 1 ) cameraTileCol = 1; if( cameraTileRow < 1 ) cameraTileRow = 1; if( cameraTileCol + 24 > mapWidth ) cameraTileCol = mapWidth - 24; if( cameraTileRow + 19 > mapHeight ) cameraTileRow = mapHeight - 19; } ref int[] GetTileSet() { return tileSetCopy; } int GetViewWidth() { return viewAreaWidth; } }

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  • Is it possible to map mouse coordinates to isometric tiles with this coordinate system?

    - by plukich
    I'm trying to implement mouse interaction in a 2D isometric game, but I'm not sure if it's possible given the coordinate system used for tile maps in the game. I've read some helpful things like this. However, this game's coordinate system is "jagged" (for lack of a better word), and looks like this: Is it even possible to map mouse coordinates to this successfully, since the y-axis can't be drawn on this tile-map as a straight line? I've thought about doing odd-y-value translations and even-y-value translations with two different matrices, but that only makes sense going from tile to screen.

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  • Cocos2D: Upgrading from OpenGL 1.1 to 2.0

    - by Alex
    I have recently starting upgrading my ios game to the latest Cocos2D (2.0 rc), and I am having some difficulties upgrading my texture generation code to OpenGL 2.0. In the old version I generated images with this code: CCRenderTexture *rt = [CCRenderTexture renderTextureWithWidth:WIDTH height:HEIGHT]; [rt beginWithClear:bgColor.r g:bgColor.g b:bgColor.b a:bgColor.a]; glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glDisableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, verts); glColorPointer(4, GL_FLOAT, 0, colors); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, (GLsizei)nVerts); glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); [rt end]; But since OpenGL 2.0 works differently this code won't work. What is the best way to use the new OpenGL?

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  • Stop animation playing automatically

    - by Starkers
    I've created an animation to animate a swinging mace. To do this I select the mace object in the scene pane, open the animation pane, and key it at a certain position at 0:00. I'm prompted to save this animation in my assets folder, which I do, as maceswing I then rotate the mace, move the slider through time and key it in a different position. I move the slider through time again, move the object to the original position and key it. There are now three things in my assets folder: maceswing appears to be my animation, but I have no idea what Mace Mace 1 and Mace 2 are. (I've been mucking around trying to get this working so it's possible Mace 1 and Mace 2 are just duplicates of Mace. I still want to know what they are though) When I play my game, the mace is constantly swinging, even though I didn't apply maceswing to it. I can't stop it. People say there's some kind of tick box to stop it constantly animating but I can't find it. My mace object only has an Animator component: Unticking this component doesn't stop the animation playing so I have no idea where the animation is coming from. Or what the Animator component actually does. I don't want this animation constantly playing. I only want it to play once when someone clicks a certain button: var Mace : Transform; if(Input.GetButtonDown('Fire1')){ Mace.animation.Play('maceswing'); }; Upon clicking the 'Fire1' button, I get this error: MissingComponentException: There is no 'Animation' attached to the "Mace" game object, but a script is trying to access it. You probably need to add a Animation to the game object "Mace". Or your script needs to check if the component is attached before using it. There is no 'Animation' attached to the "Mace" game object, and yet I can see it swinging away constantly. Infact I can't stop it! So what's causing the animation if the game object doesn't have an 'Animation' attached to it?

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  • I need help with specific types of movement.

    - by IronGiraffe
    I'm adding movable crates to my game and I need some help with my movement code. The way I've set up my movement code the crate's X and Y are moved according to a vector2 unless it hits a wall. Here's the movement code: if (frameCount % (delay / 2) == 0) { for (int i = 0; i < Math.Abs(cSpeed.X); i++) { if (!Level.PlayerHit(new Rectangle(crateBounds.X + (Math.Sign(cSpeed.X) * 32), crateBounds.Y, crateBounds.Width, crateBounds.Height))) { if (!Level.CollideTiles(crateBounds.X + (Math.Sign(cSpeed.X) * 32), crateBounds.Y, crateBounds.Width, crateBounds.Height)) { if (cSpeed.X != 0) { crateBounds.X += Math.Sign(cSpeed.X); } else { Equalize(2); } } else { cSpeed.X = 0f; } } else { if (!Level.CollideTiles(crateBounds.X - (Math.Sign(cSpeed.X) * 32), crateBounds.Y, crateBounds.Width, crateBounds.Height)) { if (cSpeed.X != 0) { crateBounds.X -= Math.Sign(cSpeed.X); } else { Equalize(2); } } else { cSpeed.X = 0f; } } } for (int i = 0; i < Math.Abs(cSpeed.Y); i++) { if (!Level.PlayerHit(new Rectangle(crateBounds.X, crateBounds.Y + Math.Sign(cSpeed.Y), crateBounds.Width, crateBounds.Height))) { if (!Level.CollideTiles(crateBounds.X, crateBounds.Y + Math.Sign(cSpeed.Y), crateBounds.Width, crateBounds.Height)) { crateBounds.Y += Math.Sign(cSpeed.Y); } else { cSpeed.Y = 0f; } } else { if (!Level.CollideTiles(crateBounds.X, crateBounds.Y - Math.Sign(cSpeed.Y), crateBounds.Width, crateBounds.Height)) { crateBounds.Y -= Math.Sign(cSpeed.Y); } else { cSpeed.Y = 0f; } } } } The frameCount and delay variables just slow down the movement somewhat. Anyway, I've added a tool to my game that acts as a gravity well (drawing objects into it's center; the closer they get to the center the faster they go) and what I'm trying to do is make it so that the crate will bounce off the player (and vice versa) when they collide. Thus far, my code only keeps the crate and player from getting stuck inside each other (the player can still get stuck under the crate, but I'll fix that later.) So what I'd like to know is how I can best make the crate bounce off the player. The other movement problem I'm having is related to another tool which allows the player to pick up crates and move around with them. The problem is that the crate's movement while being carried isn't tied to the movement script (it moves the crate itself, instead of adding to speed), which makes the crate go through walls and such. I know what I have to do: make the crate's speed match the player's speed while the player is holding it, but I need the crate to snap to a certain position (just in front of the player) when the player grabs it and it needs to switch to another position (just in front of the player on the other side) when they player faces the other direction while holding it. What would be the best way to make it switch places while keeping all the movement tied to the speed vector?

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  • How to pass one float as four unsigned chars to shader by glVertexPointAttrib?

    - by Kog
    For each vertex I use two floats as position and four unsigned bytes as color. I want to store all of them in one table, so I tried casting those four unsigned bytes to one float, but I am unable to do that correctly... All in all, my tests came to one point: GLfloat vertices[] = { 1.0f, 0.5f, 0, 1.0f, 0, 0 }; glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 2 * sizeof(float), vertices); // VER1 - draws red triangle // unsigned char colors[] = { 0xff, 0, 0, 0xff, 0xff, 0, 0, 0xff, 0xff, 0, 0, // 0xff }; // glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); // glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL_TRUE, 4 * sizeof(GLubyte), // colors); // VER2 - draws greenish triangle (not "pure" green) // float f = 255 << 24 | 255; //Hex:0xff0000ff // float colors2[] = { f, f, f }; // glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); // glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL_TRUE, 4 * sizeof(GLubyte), // colors2); // VER3 - draws red triangle int i = 255 << 24 | 255; //Hex:0xff0000ff int colors3[] = { i, i, i }; glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL_TRUE, 4 * sizeof(GLubyte), colors3); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); Above code is used to draw one simple red triangle. My question is - why do versions 1 and 3 work correctly, while version 2 draws some greenish triangle? Hex values are one I read by marking variable during debug. They are equal for version 2 and 3 - so what causes the difference?

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  • Multiple objects listening for the same key press

    - by xiaohouzi79
    I want to learn the best way to implement this: I have a hero and an enemy on the screen. Say the hero presses "k" to get out a knife, I want the enemy to react in a certain way. Now, if in my game loop I have a listener for the key press event and I identify a "k" was pressed, the quick and easy way would be to do: // If K pressed // hero.getOoutKnife() // enemy.getAngry() But what is commonly done in more complex games, where say I have 10 types of character on screen and they all need to react in a unique way when the letter "k" is pressed? I can think of a bunch of hacky ways to do this, but would love to know how it should be done properly. I am using C++, but I'm not looking for a code implementation, just some ideas on how it should be done the right way.

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  • Do all mods simply alter game files? [on hold]

    - by Starkers
    When you install some mods you drag certain files into your game directory and replace the files. Other mods, though, come with an installer where you can set parameters first. Does the installer then go and automatically replace the certain files? At the end of the day, is that all the installation of any mod is? Is the installation of a mod simply the replacement of certain files inside the game's root directory? Do mods exist which don't fit the above statement? That install outside the game's root? Why do they do this? All the mods I can think of do just replace certain files inside the game's root. However, I know Team Fortress was spawned from a multiplayer halflife 1 mod. Do you reckon that mod installed files outside the root to enable multiplayer via a network for a single player game? How rare are these mods? Or do they not even exist? Do even extensive mods make all their changes inside the root?

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  • Tunnels in pseudo 3D racing game

    - by Nicholas
    How would one go about doing tunnels in a pseudo 3D racing game ? The main problem I have at the moment is perspective - I cant think of a way, beyond having to Z sort the sprites and tunnel coordinates, so that vehicles are displayed in front of the tunnel entrance and somehow block the display when out of site. I would like my tunnels to be used on both flat, curved and hills and slopes. The tunnel enterance/exit is made up of 3 separate graphics, (left, right and top), whilst inside the tunnel it is just one line graphic along the top (the idea being its supposed to be a set distance above the current vertical road position). As you can see from the picture, the vehicles are still being rendered whilst in the tunnel. I've converted the Code Incomplete road system to GLBasic.

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  • OpenGL ES 2 jittery camera movement

    - by user16547
    First of all, I am aware that there's no camera in OpenGL (ES 2), but from my understanding proper manipulation of the projection matrix can simulate the concept of a camera. What I'm trying to do is make my camera follow my character. My game is 2D, btw. I think the principle is the following (take Super Mario Bros or Doodle Jump as reference - actually I'm trying to replicate the mechanics of the latter): when the caracter goes beyond the center of the screen (in the positive axis/direction), update the camera to be centred on the character. Else keep the camera still. I did accomplish that, however the camera movement is noticeably jittery and I ran out of ideas how to make it smoother. First of all, my game loop (following this article): private int TICKS_PER_SECOND = 30; private int SKIP_TICKS = 1000 / TICKS_PER_SECOND; private int MAX_FRAMESKIP = 5; @Override public void run() { loops = 0; if(firstLoop) { nextGameTick = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(); firstLoop = false; } while(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() > nextGameTick && loops < MAX_FRAMESKIP) { step(); nextGameTick += SKIP_TICKS; loops++; } interpolation = ( SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + SKIP_TICKS - nextGameTick ) / (float)SKIP_TICKS; draw(); } And the following code deals with moving the camera. I was unsure whether to place it in step() or draw(), but it doesn't make a difference to my problem at the moment, as I tried both and neither seemed to fix it. center just represents the y coordinate of the centre of the screen at any time. Initially it is 0. The camera object is my own custom "camera" which basically is a class that just manipulates the view and projection matrices. if(character.getVerticalSpeed() >= 0) { //only update camera if going up float[] projectionMatrix = camera.getProjectionMatrix(); if( character.getY() > center) { center += character.getVerticalSpeed(); cameraBottom = center + camera.getBottom(); cameraTop = center + camera.getTop(); Matrix.orthoM(projectionMatrix, 0, camera.getLeft(), camera.getRight(), center + camera.getBottom(), center + camera.getTop(), camera.getNear(), camera.getFar()); } } Any thought about what I should try or what I am doing wrong? Update 1: I think I updated every value you can see on screen to check whether the jittery movement is affected by that, but nothing changed, so something must be fundamentally flawed with my approach/calculations.

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  • How can I fix latency problems for car game?

    - by Freddy
    Basically I'm trying to make a online car racing game for IOS using Game Center real time multiplayer. I have setup a timer that sends data every 0.02 seconds to the other player with the current position and current angle. However sometimes, it will take LONGER then these 0.02 seconds for the package to be sent and then received. In this case i have implemented a method that "calculate" what the next position should be if no position is received based on the last position and angle. However, when the data then receives for let say 0.04 seconds after, it will change back to the last position, which will result in the car "jumping" back and lag. And If i just keep ignoring the data it will never take any input from the other user. Is their any way to prevent this? I suppose this needs to be fixed with some client-sided algorithm.

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  • How to Effectively Create Bullet Patterns

    - by SoulBeaver
    I'm currently creating a top-down shooter like Touhou. The most important factor of the game is that there are many diverse patterns and ways at which bullets are generated and shot at the player, see this video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Nb5Ohbt1Sg#start=0:60;end=9:53; At the moment, I'm using a class "Pattern" which has a series of steps on moving and shooting. However, I feel this method is quite laborous as I have to create a new Pattern for each attack and perhaps new Bullet classes that will implement a certain behavior. This question received a comment suggesting I should look into BulletML for easy creation and storage of bullets with a specific pattern. It looks decent, but it led me to wonder, what other solutions do you have that I should take into consideration? Update My current design is as follows: An example of an implemented pattern: My GigasPattern first executes a teleport which moves Alice to a certain point (X, Y) on the screen. After this is completed, the pattern starts using the Mover to move the sprite around (whereas teleporting has separate effects and animation). These are of no concern, really, as they are quite simple. The Shooter also creates various Attacks, which are classes again that the Shooter can use to create various patterns of bullets, much like the one in the question I posted. Once the Mover has reached it's destination, both it and the shooter stop and return to an inactive state. The pattern completes, is removed by the AI and a new one gets chosen.

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  • Profiling and containing memory per system

    - by chadb
    I have been interesting in profiling and keeping a managed memory pool for each subsystem, so I could get statistic on how much memory was being used in something such as sounds or graphics. However, what is the best design for doing this? I was thinking of using multiple allocators and just using one per subsystem, however, that would result in global variables for my allocators (or so it would seem to me). Another approach I have seen/been suggested is to just overload new and pass in an allocator for a parameter. I had a similar question over on stackoverflow here with a bounty, however, it seems as if perhaps I was too vague or just there is not enough people with knowledge in the subject.

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  • Efficient way to render tile-based map in Java

    - by Lucius
    Some time ago I posted here because I was having some memory issues with a game I'm working on. That has been pretty much solved thanks to some suggestions here, so I decided to come back with another problem I'm having. Basically, I feel that too much of the CPU is being used when rendering the map. I have a Core i5-2500 processor and when running the game, the CPU usage is about 35% - and I can't accept that that's just how it has to be. This is how I'm going about rendering the map: I have the X and Y coordinates of the player, so I'm not drawing the whole map, just the visible portion of it; The number of visible tiles on screen varies according to the resolution chosen by the player (the CPU usage is 35% here when playing at a resolution of 1440x900); If the tile is "empty", I just skip drawing it (this didn't visibly lower the CPU usage, but reduced the drawing time in about 20ms); The map is composed of 5 layers - for more details; The tiles are 32x32 pixels; And just to be on the safe side, I'll post the code for drawing the game here, although it's as messy and unreadable as it can be T_T (I'll try to make it a little readable) private void drawGame(Graphics2D g2d){ //Width and Height of the visible portion of the map (not of the screen) int visionWidht = visibleCols * TILE_SIZE; int visionHeight = visibleRows * TILE_SIZE; //Since the map can be smaller than the screen, I center it just to be sure int xAdjust = (getWidth() - visionWidht) / 2; int yAdjust = (getHeight() - visionHeight) / 2; //This "deducedX" thing is to move the map a few pixels horizontally, since the player moves by pixels and not full tiles int playerDrawX = listOfCharacters.get(0).getX(); int deducedX = 0; if (listOfCharacters.get(0).currentCol() - visibleCols / 2 >= 0) { playerDrawX = visibleCols / 2 * TILE_SIZE; map_draw_col = listOfCharacters.get(0).currentCol() - visibleCols / 2; deducedX = listOfCharacters.get(0).getXCol(); } //"deducedY" is the same deal as "deducedX", but vertically int playerDrawY = listOfCharacters.get(0).getY(); int deducedY = 0; if (listOfCharacters.get(0).currentRow() - visibleRows / 2 >= 0) { playerDrawY = visibleRows / 2 * TILE_SIZE; map_draw_row = listOfCharacters.get(0).currentRow() - visibleRows / 2; deducedY = listOfCharacters.get(0).getYRow(); } int max_cols = visibleCols + map_draw_col; if (max_cols >= map.getCols()) { max_cols = map.getCols() - 1; deducedX = 0; map_draw_col = max_cols - visibleCols + 1; playerDrawX = listOfCharacters.get(0).getX() - map_draw_col * TILE_SIZE; } int max_rows = visibleRows + map_draw_row; if (max_rows >= map.getRows()) { max_rows = map.getRows() - 1; deducedY = 0; map_draw_row = max_rows - visibleRows + 1; playerDrawY = listOfCharacters.get(0).getY() - map_draw_row * TILE_SIZE; } //map_draw_row and map_draw_col representes the coordinate of the upper left tile on the screen //iterate through all the tiles on screen and draw them - this is what consumes most of the CPU for (int col = map_draw_col; col <= max_cols; col++) { for (int row = map_draw_row; row <= max_rows; row++) { Tile[] tiles = map.getTiles(col, row); for(int layer = 0; layer < tiles.length; layer++){ Tile currentTile = tiles[layer]; boolean shouldDraw = true; //I only draw the tile if it exists and is not empty (id=-1) if(currentTile != null && currentTile.getId() >= 0){ //The layers above 1 can be draw behing or infront of the player according to where it's standing if(layer > 1 && currentTile.getId() >= 0){ if(playerBehind(col, row, layer, listOfCharacters.get(0))){ behinds.get(0).add(new int[]{col, row}); //the tiles that are infront of the player wont be draw right now shouldDraw = false; } } if(shouldDraw){ g2d.drawImage( tiles[layer].getImage(), (col-map_draw_col)*TILE_SIZE - deducedX + xAdjust, (row-map_draw_row)*TILE_SIZE - deducedY + yAdjust, null); } } } } } } There's some more code in this method but nothing relevant to this question. Basically, the biggest problem is that I iterate over around 5000 tiles (in this specific resolution) 60 times each second. I thought about rendering the visible portion of the map once and storing it into a BufferedImage and when the player moved move the whole image the same amount but to the opposite side and then drawn the tiles that appeared on the screen, but if I do it like that, I wont be able to have animated tiles (at least I think). That being said, any suggestions?

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  • OpenGL directional light creating black spots

    - by AnonymousDeveloper
    I probably ought to start by saying that I suspect the problem is that one of my vectors is not in the correct "space", but I don't know for sure. I am having a strange problem with a directional light. When I move the camera away from (0.0, 0.0, 0.0) it creates tiny black spots that grow larger as the distance increases. I apologize ahead of time for the length of the code. Vertex shader: #version 410 core in vec3 vf_normal; in vec3 vf_bitangent; in vec3 vf_tangent; in vec2 vf_textureCoordinates; in vec3 vf_vertex; out vec3 tc_normal; out vec3 tc_bitangent; out vec3 tc_tangent; out vec2 tc_textureCoordinates; out vec3 tc_vertex; uniform mat3 vf_m_normal; uniform mat4 vf_m_model; uniform mat4 vf_m_mvp; uniform mat4 vf_m_projection; uniform mat4 vf_m_view; uniform float vf_te_inner; uniform float vf_te_outer; void main() { tc_normal = vf_normal; tc_bitangent = vf_bitangent; tc_tangent = vf_tangent; tc_textureCoordinates = vf_textureCoordinates; tc_vertex = vf_vertex; gl_Position = vf_m_mvp * vec4(vf_vertex, 1.0); } Tessellation Control shader: #version 410 core layout (vertices = 3) out; in vec3 tc_normal[]; in vec3 tc_bitangent[]; in vec3 tc_tangent[]; in vec2 tc_textureCoordinates[]; in vec3 tc_vertex[]; out vec3 te_normal[]; out vec3 te_bitangent[]; out vec3 te_tangent[]; out vec2 te_textureCoordinates[]; out vec3 te_vertex[]; uniform float vf_te_inner; uniform float vf_te_outer; uniform vec4 vf_l_color; uniform vec3 vf_l_position; uniform mat4 vf_m_depthBias; uniform mat4 vf_m_model; uniform mat4 vf_m_mvp; uniform mat4 vf_m_projection; uniform mat4 vf_m_view; uniform sampler2D vf_t_diffuse; uniform sampler2D vf_t_normal; uniform sampler2DShadow vf_t_shadow; uniform sampler2D vf_t_specular; #define ID gl_InvocationID float getTessLevelInner(float distance0, float distance1) { float avgDistance = (distance0 + distance1) / 2.0; return clamp((vf_te_inner - avgDistance), 1.0, vf_te_inner); } float getTessLevelOuter(float distance0, float distance1) { float avgDistance = (distance0 + distance1) / 2.0; return clamp((vf_te_outer - avgDistance), 1.0, vf_te_outer); } void main() { te_normal[gl_InvocationID] = tc_normal[gl_InvocationID]; te_bitangent[gl_InvocationID] = tc_bitangent[gl_InvocationID]; te_tangent[gl_InvocationID] = tc_tangent[gl_InvocationID]; te_textureCoordinates[gl_InvocationID] = tc_textureCoordinates[gl_InvocationID]; te_vertex[gl_InvocationID] = tc_vertex[gl_InvocationID]; float eyeToVertexDistance0 = distance(vec3(0.0), vec4(vf_m_view * vec4(tc_vertex[0], 1.0)).xyz); float eyeToVertexDistance1 = distance(vec3(0.0), vec4(vf_m_view * vec4(tc_vertex[1], 1.0)).xyz); float eyeToVertexDistance2 = distance(vec3(0.0), vec4(vf_m_view * vec4(tc_vertex[2], 1.0)).xyz); gl_TessLevelOuter[0] = getTessLevelOuter(eyeToVertexDistance1, eyeToVertexDistance2); gl_TessLevelOuter[1] = getTessLevelOuter(eyeToVertexDistance2, eyeToVertexDistance0); gl_TessLevelOuter[2] = getTessLevelOuter(eyeToVertexDistance0, eyeToVertexDistance1); gl_TessLevelInner[0] = getTessLevelInner(eyeToVertexDistance2, eyeToVertexDistance0); } Tessellation Evaluation shader: #version 410 core layout (triangles, equal_spacing, cw) in; in vec3 te_normal[]; in vec3 te_bitangent[]; in vec3 te_tangent[]; in vec2 te_textureCoordinates[]; in vec3 te_vertex[]; out vec3 g_normal; out vec3 g_bitangent; out vec4 g_patchDistance; out vec3 g_tangent; out vec2 g_textureCoordinates; out vec3 g_vertex; uniform float vf_te_inner; uniform float vf_te_outer; uniform vec4 vf_l_color; uniform vec3 vf_l_position; uniform mat4 vf_m_depthBias; uniform mat4 vf_m_model; uniform mat4 vf_m_mvp; uniform mat3 vf_m_normal; uniform mat4 vf_m_projection; uniform mat4 vf_m_view; uniform sampler2D vf_t_diffuse; uniform sampler2D vf_t_displace; uniform sampler2D vf_t_normal; uniform sampler2DShadow vf_t_shadow; uniform sampler2D vf_t_specular; vec2 interpolate2D(vec2 v0, vec2 v1, vec2 v2) { return vec2(gl_TessCoord.x) * v0 + vec2(gl_TessCoord.y) * v1 + vec2(gl_TessCoord.z) * v2; } vec3 interpolate3D(vec3 v0, vec3 v1, vec3 v2) { return vec3(gl_TessCoord.x) * v0 + vec3(gl_TessCoord.y) * v1 + vec3(gl_TessCoord.z) * v2; } float amplify(float d, float scale, float offset) { d = scale * d + offset; d = clamp(d, 0, 1); d = 1 - exp2(-2*d*d); return d; } float getDisplacement(vec2 t0, vec2 t1, vec2 t2) { float displacement = 0.0; vec2 textureCoordinates = interpolate2D(t0, t1, t2); vec2 vector = ((t0 + t1 + t2) / 3.0); float sampleDistance = sqrt((vector.x * vector.x) + (vector.y * vector.y)); sampleDistance /= ((vf_te_inner + vf_te_outer) / 2.0); displacement += texture(vf_t_displace, textureCoordinates).x; displacement += texture(vf_t_displace, textureCoordinates + vec2(-sampleDistance, -sampleDistance)).x; displacement += texture(vf_t_displace, textureCoordinates + vec2(-sampleDistance, sampleDistance)).x; displacement += texture(vf_t_displace, textureCoordinates + vec2( sampleDistance, sampleDistance)).x; displacement += texture(vf_t_displace, textureCoordinates + vec2( sampleDistance, -sampleDistance)).x; return (displacement / 5.0); } void main() { g_normal = normalize(interpolate3D(te_normal[0], te_normal[1], te_normal[2])); g_bitangent = normalize(interpolate3D(te_bitangent[0], te_bitangent[1], te_bitangent[2])); g_patchDistance = vec4(gl_TessCoord, (1.0 - gl_TessCoord.y)); g_tangent = normalize(interpolate3D(te_tangent[0], te_tangent[1], te_tangent[2])); g_textureCoordinates = interpolate2D(te_textureCoordinates[0], te_textureCoordinates[1], te_textureCoordinates[2]); g_vertex = interpolate3D(te_vertex[0], te_vertex[1], te_vertex[2]); float displacement = getDisplacement(te_textureCoordinates[0], te_textureCoordinates[1], te_textureCoordinates[2]); float d2 = min(min(min(g_patchDistance.x, g_patchDistance.y), g_patchDistance.z), g_patchDistance.w); d2 = amplify(d2, 50, -0.5); g_vertex += g_normal * displacement * 0.1 * d2; gl_Position = vf_m_mvp * vec4(g_vertex, 1.0); } Geometry shader: #version 410 core layout (triangles) in; layout (triangle_strip, max_vertices = 3) out; in vec3 g_normal[3]; in vec3 g_bitangent[3]; in vec4 g_patchDistance[3]; in vec3 g_tangent[3]; in vec2 g_textureCoordinates[3]; in vec3 g_vertex[3]; out vec3 f_tangent; out vec3 f_bitangent; out vec3 f_eyeDirection; out vec3 f_lightDirection; out vec3 f_normal; out vec4 f_patchDistance; out vec4 f_shadowCoordinates; out vec2 f_textureCoordinates; out vec3 f_vertex; uniform vec4 vf_l_color; uniform vec3 vf_l_position; uniform mat4 vf_m_depthBias; uniform mat4 vf_m_model; uniform mat4 vf_m_mvp; uniform mat3 vf_m_normal; uniform mat4 vf_m_projection; uniform mat4 vf_m_view; uniform sampler2D vf_t_diffuse; uniform sampler2D vf_t_normal; uniform sampler2DShadow vf_t_shadow; uniform sampler2D vf_t_specular; void main() { int index = 0; while (index < 3) { vec3 vertexNormal_cameraspace = vf_m_normal * normalize(g_normal[index]); vec3 vertexTangent_cameraspace = vf_m_normal * normalize(f_tangent); vec3 vertexBitangent_cameraspace = vf_m_normal * normalize(f_bitangent); mat3 TBN = transpose(mat3( vertexTangent_cameraspace, vertexBitangent_cameraspace, vertexNormal_cameraspace )); vec3 eyeDirection = -(vf_m_view * vf_m_model * vec4(g_vertex[index], 1.0)).xyz; vec3 lightDirection = normalize(-(vf_m_view * vec4(vf_l_position, 1.0)).xyz); f_eyeDirection = TBN * eyeDirection; f_lightDirection = TBN * lightDirection; f_normal = normalize(g_normal[index]); f_patchDistance = g_patchDistance[index]; f_shadowCoordinates = vf_m_depthBias * vec4(g_vertex[index], 1.0); f_textureCoordinates = g_textureCoordinates[index]; f_vertex = (vf_m_model * vec4(g_vertex[index], 1.0)).xyz; gl_Position = gl_in[index].gl_Position; EmitVertex(); index ++; } EndPrimitive(); } Fragment shader: #version 410 core in vec3 f_bitangent; in vec3 f_eyeDirection; in vec3 f_lightDirection; in vec3 f_normal; in vec4 f_patchDistance; in vec4 f_shadowCoordinates; in vec3 f_tangent; in vec2 f_textureCoordinates; in vec3 f_vertex; out vec4 fragColor; uniform vec4 vf_l_color; uniform vec3 vf_l_position; uniform mat4 vf_m_depthBias; uniform mat4 vf_m_model; uniform mat4 vf_m_mvp; uniform mat4 vf_m_projection; uniform mat4 vf_m_view; uniform sampler2D vf_t_diffuse; uniform sampler2D vf_t_normal; uniform sampler2DShadow vf_t_shadow; uniform sampler2D vf_t_specular; vec2 poissonDisk[16] = vec2[]( vec2(-0.94201624, -0.39906216), vec2( 0.94558609, -0.76890725), vec2(-0.09418410, -0.92938870), vec2( 0.34495938, 0.29387760), vec2(-0.91588581, 0.45771432), vec2(-0.81544232, -0.87912464), vec2(-0.38277543, 0.27676845), vec2( 0.97484398, 0.75648379), vec2( 0.44323325, -0.97511554), vec2( 0.53742981, -0.47373420), vec2(-0.26496911, -0.41893023), vec2( 0.79197514, 0.19090188), vec2(-0.24188840, 0.99706507), vec2(-0.81409955, 0.91437590), vec2( 0.19984126, 0.78641367), vec2( 0.14383161, -0.14100790) ); float random(vec3 seed, int i) { vec4 seed4 = vec4(seed,i); float dot_product = dot(seed4, vec4(12.9898, 78.233, 45.164, 94.673)); return fract(sin(dot_product) * 43758.5453); } float amplify(float d, float scale, float offset) { d = scale * d + offset; d = clamp(d, 0, 1); d = 1 - exp2(-2.0 * d * d); return d; } void main() { vec3 lightColor = vf_l_color.xyz; float lightPower = vf_l_color.w; vec3 materialDiffuseColor = texture(vf_t_diffuse, f_textureCoordinates).xyz; vec3 materialAmbientColor = vec3(0.1, 0.1, 0.1) * materialDiffuseColor; vec3 materialSpecularColor = texture(vf_t_specular, f_textureCoordinates).xyz; vec3 n = normalize(texture(vf_t_normal, f_textureCoordinates).rgb * 2.0 - 1.0); vec3 l = normalize(f_lightDirection); float cosTheta = clamp(dot(n, l), 0.0, 1.0); vec3 E = normalize(f_eyeDirection); vec3 R = reflect(-l, n); float cosAlpha = clamp(dot(E, R), 0.0, 1.0); float visibility = 1.0; float bias = 0.005 * tan(acos(cosTheta)); bias = clamp(bias, 0.0, 0.01); for (int i = 0; i < 4; i ++) { float shading = (0.5 / 4.0); int index = i; visibility -= shading * (1.0 - texture(vf_t_shadow, vec3(f_shadowCoordinates.xy + poissonDisk[index] / 3000.0, (f_shadowCoordinates.z - bias) / f_shadowCoordinates.w))); }\n" fragColor.xyz = materialAmbientColor + visibility * materialDiffuseColor * lightColor * lightPower * cosTheta + visibility * materialSpecularColor * lightColor * lightPower * pow(cosAlpha, 5); fragColor.w = texture(vf_t_diffuse, f_textureCoordinates).w; } The following images should be enough to give you an idea of the problem. Before moving the camera: Moving the camera just a little. Moving it to the center of the scene.

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  • Coordinate spaces and transformation matrices

    - by Belgin
    I'm trying to get an object from object space, into projected space using these intermediate matrices: The first matrix (I) is the one that transforms from object space into inertial space, but since my object is not rotated or translated in any way inside the object space, this matrix is the 4x4 identity matrix. The second matrix (W) is the one that transforms from inertial space into world space, which is just a scale transform matrix of factor a = 14.1 on all coordinates, since the inertial space origin coincides with the world space origin. /a 0 0 0\ W = |0 a 0 0| |0 0 a 0| \0 0 0 1/ The third matrix (C) is the one that transforms from world space, into camera space. This matrix is a translation matrix with a translation of (0, 0, 10), because I want the camera to be located behind the object, so the object must be positioned 10 units into the z axis. /1 0 0 0\ C = |0 1 0 0| |0 0 1 10| \0 0 0 1/ And finally, the fourth matrix is the projection matrix (P). Bearing in mind that the eye is at the origin of the world space and the projection plane is defined by z = 1, the projection matrix is: /1 0 0 0\ P = |0 1 0 0| |0 0 1 0| \0 0 1/d 0/ where d is the distance from the eye to the projection plane, so d = 1. I'm multiplying them like this: (((P x C) x W) x I) x V, where V is the vertex' coordinates in column vector form: /x\ V = |y| |z| \1/ After I get the result, I divide x and y coordinates by w to get the actual screen coordinates. Apparenly, I'm doing something wrong or missing something completely here, because it's not rendering properly. Here's a picture of what is supposed to be the bottom side of the Stanford Dragon: Also, I should add that this is a software renderer so no DirectX or OpenGL stuff here.

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  • OpenGL Get Rotated X and Y of quad

    - by matejkramny
    I am developing a game in 2D using LWJGL library. So far I have a rotating box. I have done basic Rectangle collision, but it doesn't work for rotated rectangles. Does OpenGL have a function that returns the vertices of rotated rectangle? Or is there another way of doing this using trigonometry? I had researched how to do this and everything I found was using some matrix that I don't understand so I am asking if there is another way of doing this. For clarification, I am trying to find out the true (rotated) X,Y of each point of the rectangle. Let's say, the first point of a rectangle (top,left) has x=10 y=10.. Width and height is 100 pixels. When I rotate the rectangle using glRotatef() the x and y stay the same. The rotation is happening inside OpenGL. I need to extract the x,y of the rectangle so I can detect collisions properly.

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  • Client side prediction/simulation Question

    - by Legendre
    I found a related question but it doesn't have what I needed. Client A sends input to move at T0. Server receives input at T1. All clients receive the change at T2. Question: With client-side prediction, client A would start moving at T0, client-side. All other clients receive the change at T2, so to them, client A only started moving at T2. If I understand correctly, client B will always see client A's past position and not his current position? How do I sync both client B and client A?

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  • Uniform not being applied to proper mesh

    - by HaMMeReD
    Ok, I got some code, and you select blocks on a grid. The selection works. I can modify the blocks to be raised when selected and the correct one shows. I set a color which I use in the shader. However, I am trying to change the color before rendering the geometry, and the last rendered geometry (in the sequence) is rendered light. However, to debug logic I decided to move the block up and make it white, in which case one block moves up and another block becomes white. I checked all my logic and it knows the correct one is selected and it is showing in, in the correct place and rendering it correctly. When there is only 1 it works properly. Video Of the bug in action, note how the highlighted and elevated blocks are not the same block, however the code for color and My Renderer is here (For the items being drawn) public void render(Renderer renderer) { mGrid.render(renderer, mGameState); for (Entity e:mGameEntities) { UnitTypes ut = UnitTypes.valueOf((String)e.getObject(D.UNIT_TYPE.ordinal())); if (ut == UnitTypes.Soldier) { renderer.testShader.begin(); renderer.testShader.setUniformMatrix("u_mvpMatrix",mEntityMatrix); renderer.texture_soldier.bind(0); Vector2 pos = (Vector2) e.getObject(D.COORDS.ordinal()); mEntityMatrix.set(renderer.mCamera.combined); if (mSelectedEntities.contains(e)) { mEntityMatrix.translate(pos.x, 1f, pos.y); renderer.testShader.setUniformf("v_color", 0.5f,0.5f,0.5f,1f); } else { mEntityMatrix.translate(pos.x, 0f, pos.y); renderer.testShader.setUniformf("v_color", 1f,1f,1f,1f); } mEntityMatrix.scale(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f); renderer.model_soldier.render(renderer.testShader,GL20.GL_TRIANGLES); renderer.testShader.end(); } else if (ut == UnitTypes.Enemy_Infiltrator) { renderer.testShader.begin(); renderer.testShader.setUniformMatrix("u_mvpMatrix",mEntityMatrix); renderer.testShader.setUniformf("v_color", 1.0f,1,1,1.0f); renderer.texture_enemy_infiltrator.bind(0); Vector2 pos = (Vector2) e.getObject(D.COORDS.ordinal()); mEntityMatrix.set(renderer.mCamera.combined); mEntityMatrix.translate(pos.x, 0f, pos.y); mEntityMatrix.scale(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f); renderer.model_enemy_infiltrator.render(renderer.testShader,GL20.GL_TRIANGLES); renderer.testShader.end(); } } }

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  • Make a turn based system like final fantasy in AS3

    - by Kaoru
    i wanted to make a turn based system like final fantasy tactics. I already created the map, which is 5x5 tiles grid and the characters which is each character places in the end of the tiles. I have 2 teams, which are named Red and Yellow. ------Red-------: First character is at 0,0. Second character is at 0,1. Third character is at0.2, fourth character is at0.3, and the last one is at0.4`. -----Yellow------: First character is at 5.0. Second character is at 5.1. Third character is at 5.2, fourth character is at 5.3, and the last one is at 5.4. I wanted Red team are moving first and make a decision (whether it is attack or wait), and after 5 characters of the Red team is already made a decision, the Yellow team is the one that make a decision (Yellow team is an AI) But, i don't know how to move my characters into the next grid (e.g: from 0,0 to 0,1) by clicking the left mouse button and also how do i display a grid (when select a move selection) that shows how many tiles that the character able to move. Anyone know about this? or how should i know more about this? is there any recommendations books or webs? And also, i don't know how to move the characters using mouse click.

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  • How do I render terrain in a 2.5D perspective, like in the game Don't Starve?

    - by Hamdan
    I have experience in making 2D side scroller games such as Terraria, but now I want to challenge myself and make a game that has a 2.5D perspective. The game I am trying to mimic is Don't Starve. Right now my focus is on figuring out how to render the ground. I am having a hard time figuring out how they generated the ground, and then rendered it. The way I think they rendered the ground is by first painting the ground in some paint program, and then somehow manipulating that flat image so that it appears to have depth. I am completely confused by how you would actually render that type of terrain. I want the terrain to have the following features: Look like the terrain in Don't Starve, here is a video showing the terrain in Don't Starve The terrain will be flat, and the camera's angle and perspective will be fixed Any tips and hints will be appreciated, Thank you in advance. (I am working in Java, using the Light Weight Java Game Library (LWJGL).)

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