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• Java enum pairs / "subenum" or what exactly?

  - by vemalsar

  I have an RPG-style Item class and I stored the type of the item in enum (itemType.sword). I want to store subtype too (itemSubtype.long), but I want to express the relation between two data type (sword can be long, short etc. but shield can't be long or short, only round, tower etc). I know this is wrong source code but similar what I want: enum type { sword; } //not valid code! enum swordSubtype extends type.sword { short, long } Question: How can I define this connection between two data type (or more exactly: two value of the data types), what is the most simple and standard way? Array-like data with all valid (itemType,itemSubtype) enum pairs or (itemType,itemSubtype[]) so more subtype for one type, it would be the best. OK but how can I construct this simplest way? Special enum with "subenum" set or second level enum or anything else if it does exists 2 dimensional "canBePairs" array, itemType and itemSubtype dimensions with all type and subtype and boolean elements, "true" means itemType (first dimension) and itemSubtype (second dimension) are okay, "false" means not okay Other better idea Thank you very much!

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• How to Effectively Create Bullet Patterns

  - by SoulBeaver

  I'm currently creating a top-down shooter like Touhou. The most important factor of the game is that there are many diverse patterns and ways at which bullets are generated and shot at the player, see this video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Nb5Ohbt1Sg#start=0:60;end=9:53; At the moment, I'm using a class "Pattern" which has a series of steps on moving and shooting. However, I feel this method is quite laborous as I have to create a new Pattern for each attack and perhaps new Bullet classes that will implement a certain behavior. This question received a comment suggesting I should look into BulletML for easy creation and storage of bullets with a specific pattern. It looks decent, but it led me to wonder, what other solutions do you have that I should take into consideration? Update My current design is as follows: An example of an implemented pattern: My GigasPattern first executes a teleport which moves Alice to a certain point (X, Y) on the screen. After this is completed, the pattern starts using the Mover to move the sprite around (whereas teleporting has separate effects and animation). These are of no concern, really, as they are quite simple. The Shooter also creates various Attacks, which are classes again that the Shooter can use to create various patterns of bullets, much like the one in the question I posted. Once the Mover has reached it's destination, both it and the shooter stop and return to an inactive state. The pattern completes, is removed by the AI and a new one gets chosen.

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• Android performance/issues with Corona SDK?

  - by B5Fan74

  I know this is a fairly broad question. We are looking to develop a mobile game and want to use a multi-platform engine/SDK. We like what we see with Corona but in doing some reading, we are seeing a lot of references to poor performance on the 'droid platforms. I am unsure how much of this is still relevant? Many of the articles/posts/references/discussions vary in date from 18 months ago to earlier this year. Is there a reason we should not pursue Corona if Android support is important to us? The game is going to be 2D isometric view. Thanks!

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• Scrolling Box2D DebugDraw

  - by onedayitwillmake

  I'm developing a game using Box2D (javascript implementation - Box2DWeb), and I would like to know how I can pan the debug draw. I know the usual answer is - don't use debug draw, it's just for debugging. I'm not, however not all my objects are on the same screen, and i'd like to see where they are in the physics representation. How can I pan the debug drawing? As you can see the debug draw stuff, is show on the top left, but it only shows a small part of the world. Here is an example of what I mean: http://onedayitwillmake.com/ChuClone/ The game is open source, If you'd like to poke through and note something that perhaps i'm doing something that is obviously wrong: https://github.com/onedayitwillmake/ChuClone

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• techniques for displaying vehicle damage

  - by norca

  I wonder how I can displaying vehicle damage. I am talking about an good way to show damage on screen. Witch kind of model are common in games and what are the benefits of them. What is state of the art? One way i can imagine is to save a set of textures (normal/color/lightmaps, etc) to a state of the car (normal, damage, burnt out) and switch or blending them. But is this really good without changing the model? Another way i was thinking about is preparing animations for different locations on my car, something like damage on the front, on the leftside/rightside or on the back. And start blending the specific animation. But is this working with good textures? Whats about physik engines? Is it usefull to use it for deforming vertexdata? i think losing parts of my car (doors, sirens, weapons) can looks really nice. my game is a kind of rts in a top down view. vehicles are not the really most importend units (its no racing game), but i have quite a lot in. thx for help

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• Making particle bounce off a line with friction

  - by Dlaor

  So I'm making a game and I need a particle to bounce off a line. I've got this so far: public static Vector2f Reflect(this Vector2f vec, Vector2f axis) //vec is velocity { Vector2f result = vec - 2f * axis * axis.Dot(vec); return result; } Which works fine, but then I decided I wanted to be able to change the bounciness and friction of the bounce. I got bounciness down... public static Vector2f Reflect(this Vector2f vec, Vector2f axis, float bounciness) //Bounciness goes from 0 to 1, 0 being not bouncy and 1 being perfectly bouncy { var reflect = (1 + bounciness); //2f Vector2f result = vec - reflect * axis * axis.Dot(vec); return result; } But when I tried to add friction, everything went to hell and back... public static Vector2f Reflect(this Vector2f vec, Vector2f axis, float bounciness, float friction) //Does not work at all! { var reflect = (1 + bounciness); //2f Vector2f subtract = reflect * axis * axis.Dot(vec); Vector2f subtract2 = axis * axis.Dot(vec); Vector2f result = vec - subtract; result -= axis.PerpendicularLeft() * subtract2.Length() * friction; return result; } Any physics guys willing to help me out with this? (if you're not sure what I mean with the friction of a bounce see this: http://www.metanetsoftware.com/technique/diagrams/A-1_particle_collision.swf)

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• Points around a circumference C#

  - by Lautaro

  Im trying to get a list of vectors that go around a circle, but i keep getting the circle to go around several times. I want one circel and the dots to be placed along its circumference. I want the first dot to start at 0 and the last dot to end just before 360. Also i need to be able to calculate the spacing by the ammount of points. List<Vector2> pointsInPath = new List<Vector2>(); private int ammountOfPoints = 5; private int blobbSize = 200; private Vector2 topLeft = new Vector2(100, 100); private Vector2 blobbCenter; private int endAngle = 50; private int angleIncrementation; public Blobb() { blobbCenter = new Vector2(blobbSize / 2, blobbSize / 2) + topLeft; angleIncrementation = endAngle / ammountOfPoints; for (int i = 0; i < ammountOfPoints; i++) { pointsInPath.Add(getPointByAngle(i * angleIncrementation, 100, blobbCenter)); // pointsInPath.Add(getPointByAngle(i * angleIncrementation, blobbSize / 2, blobbCenter)); } } private Vector2 getPointByAngle(float angle, float distance, Vector2 centre) { return new Vector2((float)(distance * Math.Cos(angle) ), (float)(distance * Math.Sin(angle))) + centre ; }

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• What are good JS libraries for game dev? (HTML5)

  - by acidzombie24

  If i decide to write a simple game both text and graphical (2d) what libs may i use? Assuming we are using a HTML5 compatible browser. The main things i can think of Rendering text on screen Animating sprites (using images/css) Input (capturing the arrow keys and getting relative mouse positions) Perhaps some preloading resource or dynamically loading resources and choosing order Sound (but i am unsure how important this will be to me at first). Perhaps with mixing and chaining sounds or looping forever until stop. Networking (low priority) to connect a user to another or to continuously GET data without multiple request (i know this exist but i dont know how easy it is to setup or use. But this isnt important to me. Its for the question).

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• Could someone explain why my world reconstructed from depth position is incorrect?

  - by yuumei

  I am attempting to reconstruct the world position in the fragment shader from a depth texture. I pass in the 8 frustum points in world space and interpolate them across fragments and then interpolate from near to far by the depth: highp float depth = (2.0 * CameraPlanes.x) / (CameraPlanes.y + CameraPlanes.x - texture( depthTexture, textureCoord ).x * (CameraPlanes.y - CameraPlanes.x)); // Reconstruct the world position from the linear depth highp vec3 world = mix( nearWorldPos, farWorldPos, depth ); CameraPlanes.x is the near plane CameraPlanes.y is the far. Assuming that my frustum positions are correct, and my depth looks correct, why is my world position wrong? (My depth texture is of format GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT32F if that matters) Thanks! :D Update: Screenshot of world position http://imgur.com/sSlHd So you can see it looks nearly correct. However as the camera moves, the colours (positions) change, which they shouldnt. I can get this to work, if I do the following: Write this into the depth attachment in the previous pass: gl_FragDepth = gl_FragCoord.z / gl_FragCoord.w / CameraPlanes.y; and then read the depth texture like so: depth = texture( depthTexture, textureCoord ).x However this will kill the hardware z buffer optimizations.

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• Path Finding for an Arena based map in 3D using NavMesh

  - by Happybirthday

  I have a 3D arena map (consider a small island surrounded by water on all sides) for a multiplayer Tank fight game. The moveable areas are marked using a Navigation Mesh made by the Arena designer. My question is what would be the best way for navigation in such an environment ? Specially considering the case when there is a Bridge at the center of the arena and you could walk under it or even above it ? If suppose the enemy is standing at the top of the Bridge and my AI is at one of the edges of the map ? How can it know whether the enemy is above or below the bridge and how can it navigate till it ?

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• Button click event in the Ogre3d for ios

  - by user1184398

  Is it possible to access the button click event by using the cursor? These are the steps I followed for the button click event using the SDK trays m_pTrayMgr = new OgreBites::SdkTrayManager("TrayMgr", m_pRenderWnd, m_pMouse, this); I create the buttons m_LeftBtn = tray->createButton(OgreBites:: TL_LEFT, "sdk_button_down", "Left"); m_RightBtn = tray->createButton(OgreBites::TL_RIGHT, "sdk_button_up", "Right"); And I am calling this function void OgreFramework::buttonHit(OgreBites::Button* button) { if(button->getName().compare("sdk_button_down") == 0 ) { printf("XXX"); } } But the button hit function is not getting called... Could somebody provide some sample code? I'm not using any cursor for the click.

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• How do you maintain content size vs. content quality in an application?

  - by PeterK

  I am developing my first Cocos2d iPhone/iPad game that includes quite a few sprites, I would need approximately 80 different. As this is for both normal and HD displays I have 2x of each sprite. I am using TexturePacker to optimize the thing. I would like to ask if there are any rules-of-thumb, tricks, ideas etc. to adjust to in regards to size of content, quality and how you maintain high-quality HD-based graphics due to its size vs. the device memory sizes? Also, is it a good idea to only have one copy of the sprites and scale it using code?

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• Looking for articles/books on: How do games make money? What models do they use?

  - by cable729

  I'm trying to research the ways in which games make money. I want to know more about the models they use (free/premium, trial/subscription, free-to-play with micro-transactions, etc.). In addition, I want information on which models work for which games, what models are best for which age groups, etc. I've tried my best to find information, and Google hasn't turned anything up at all. I think I'll stop by my University's library and see if there's anything there. This may seem like a broad question, but I'm looking for links and titles of books, not typed-out answers.

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• Lifting vehicles (and spawners) using InterActors, strange collisions causing flying vehicles

  - by Gareth Jones

  Making a VCTF map with the Unreal Tournament 3 Editor, and thus have vehicles in it. Currently I have 2 walkways next to each other (Big enough for a vehicle). One of them (A InterActor) drops down, and a grate covers the hole until the vehicle respawns. Once its respawned the InterActor Walkway lifts the vehicle up (and the grate pulls back). However what I'm finding is that the vehicle seems to collide with something when it gets near the top. (Looks something like this: ----_ where _ is the moving InterActor and - is a walkway) I created a new map to test this, and found it seems the front of the scorpion collides with the walkway in front of it, however I don't know why, it physically (in terms of how it looks in game) does not touch the walkway in front of it, but its actions look like it has. Im using InterActors, and a vehicle spawner, looking like so How do I stop this from happening? Right now everything is perfect, except the vehicle keeps flying away every time its lifted up, likes it been forced in between the "lift" and another object!

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• I Don't Understand Anything About Randomly Generated Worlds [closed]

  - by Alex Larsen

  What tools do I need to make a Minecraft-like generated world? I heard about Perlin noise and Simplex, but I don't understand anything about them. So far all I found on the internet was a Simplex version for C#, and all it has is functions, and this is what I get: Console.WriteLine(Noise.Generate(SomeNumber, SomeNumber, SumNumber)); Outputs random floats. I'm really lost. I don't understand the whole random generated worlds concept. Can someone help me? And if I use the noise thing I don't understand how to use it.

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• Kinect losing tracked players with Beta2 SDK

  - by Eric B

  So i'm creating a game using the Beta2 SDK for Kinect. The issue i am having is that in the middle of gameplay if another person enters the Kinects FOV it stops tracking the player and will not track anyone else for several minutes. Same deal if the player leaves the FOV and reenters it. Here is what im using to detect players. void nui_SkeletonFrameReady(object sender, SkeletonFrameReadyEventArgs e) { int playersAlive = 0; // reset lists skeletons = new Dictionary<int, SkeletonData>(); //create a new list for skeletons menuSkeleton = new List<SkeletonData>(); initialPlayers = new Dictionary<float, SkeletonData>(); //create a new list for initialPlayers foreach (SkeletonData s in e.SkeletonFrame.Skeletons) //for each skeleton the kinect has detected { if (s.TrackingState == SkeletonTrackingState.Tracked) // players found { menuSkeleton.Add(s); if (initialized) // after initialization { skeletons.Add(s.TrackingID, s); } else // before initialization initialPlayers.Add(s.Joints[JointID.ShoulderCenter].Position.X, s); //if we are not initialized then add this player to the inital player list. playersAlive++; } } if (playersAlive == TOTAL_PLAYERS_ALLOWED) // If there is one player { if (!inMiniGame) // Before the game starts gameStart = DateTime.Now; // Reset initialization timer if (!initialized) // Before initialization // NOTE TO SELF I TOOK OUT && inMenu { InitializePlayers(); if (DateTime.Now.Subtract(gameStart).TotalMilliseconds > INITIALIZATION_WAIT_TIME) { initialized = true; // initialize timers from fixed starting time if (inMiniGame) //if the game has started { gamePause = gameStart; //TODO ERIC: Initialize any Timers Here } } } } } /// <summary> /// this function initializes the players adding them to a list /// and making one of the players the menu controller, for LIM we will need to change the code so that the /// game only recognizes and supports one player at a time /// variable names will need to be change as well. /// </summary> private void InitializePlayers() { List<float> initialPos = new List<float>(); // used to track starting positions players = new Dictionary<int, Player>(); foreach (float pos in initialPlayers.Keys) { initialPos.Add(pos); //add position of each inital player to list } float first = initialPos[0]; // left player first, right second Player player = new Player(initialPlayers[first].TrackingID, true); player.PlayerNumber = PLAYER_ONE; player.Skeleton = initialPlayers[first]; player.Specifics = new PlayerSpecifics(player.PlayerNumber); player.Specifics.PauseTimer = gameStart; players.Add(initialPlayers[first].TrackingID, player); menuController = initialPlayers[first].TrackingID; //menu controller is player 1 } This is a one player game. Also when the game starts Initialize is set to false, and gets set to true when i go from the games menu into the gameplay. So can anyone see any issues with this code block that would cause the kinect to lose players as they enter/exit the FOV? and not re-track them? Thank you for any help.

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• Adding root bone in 3DS Max?

  - by carlturtle

  my animation artist has made me a nice first person pair of arms, animated it, textured it, and given it to me. Then he went on vacation. I am programming my animations, and I am trying to test the model he has given me. Building my project gives me a warning: Multiple skeletons were found in the file. The first skeleton, named "frame l upperarm" has been moved to be a child of the scene root. The other, "frame r upperarm", will be ignored. Fragment identifier "frame r upperarm". Then an error: "Vertex is bound to bone "frame l forearm", but this bone is not present in the skeleton." I realize this means that there are two skeletons, as said in this problem: Importing 3d model with multiple skeletons I have 3DS Max, but I have no idea how to use it, and Google/CGTalk/Plycount turn up nothing relevant on how to add a root bone or combine skeletons. If anyone knows how, it would help me out greatly. Thanks.

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• How do I make A* check all diagonal and orthogonal directions?

  - by Munezane

  I'm making a turn-based tactical game and I'm trying to implement the A* algorithm. I've been following a tutorial and got to this point, but my characters can't move diagonally up and left. Can anyone help me with this? The return x and y are int pointers which the characters are using to move towards the target. void level::aStar(int startx, int starty, int targetx, int targety, int* returnx, int* returny) { aStarGridSquare* currentSquare = new aStarGridSquare(); aStarGridSquare* startSquare = new aStarGridSquare(); aStarGridSquare* targetSquare = new aStarGridSquare(); aStarGridSquare* adjacentSquare = new aStarGridSquare(); aStarOpenList.clear(); for(unsigned int i=0; i<aStarGridSquareList.size(); i++) { aStarGridSquareList[i]->open=false; aStarGridSquareList[i]->closed=false; } startSquare=getaStarGridSquare(startx, starty); targetSquare=getaStarGridSquare(targetx, targety); if(startSquare==targetSquare) { *returnx=startx; *returny=starty; return; } startSquare->CostFromStart=0; startSquare->CostToTraverse=0; startSquare->parent = NULL; currentSquare=startSquare; aStarOpenList.push_back(currentSquare); while(currentSquare!=targetSquare && aStarOpenList.size()>0) { //unsigned int totalCostEstimate=aStarOpenList[0]->TotalCostEstimate; //currentSquare=aStarOpenList[0]; for(unsigned int i=0; i<aStarOpenList.size(); i++) { if(aStarOpenList.size()>1) { for(unsigned int j=1; j<aStarOpenList.size()-1; j++) { if(aStarOpenList[i]->TotalCostEstimate<aStarOpenList[j]->TotalCostEstimate) { currentSquare=aStarOpenList[i]; } else { currentSquare=aStarOpenList[j]; } } } else { currentSquare = aStarOpenList[i]; } } currentSquare->closed=true; currentSquare->open=false; for(unsigned int i=0; i<aStarOpenList.size(); i++) { if(aStarOpenList[i]==currentSquare) { aStarOpenList.erase(aStarOpenList.begin()+i); } } for(unsigned int i = currentSquare->blocky - 32; i <= currentSquare->blocky + 32; i+=32) { for(unsigned int j = currentSquare->blockx - 32; j<= currentSquare->blockx + 32; j+=32) { adjacentSquare=getaStarGridSquare(j/32, i/32); if(adjacentSquare!=NULL) { if(adjacentSquare->blocked==false && adjacentSquare->closed==false) { if(adjacentSquare->open==false) { adjacentSquare->parent=currentSquare; if(currentSquare->parent!=NULL) { currentSquare->CostFromStart = currentSquare->parent->CostFromStart + currentSquare->CostToTraverse + startSquare->CostFromStart; } else { currentSquare->CostFromStart=0; } adjacentSquare->CostFromStart =currentSquare->CostFromStart + adjacentSquare->CostToTraverse;// adjacentSquare->parent->CostFromStart + adjacentSquare->CostToTraverse; //currentSquare->CostToEndEstimate = abs(currentSquare->blockx - targetSquare->blockx) + abs(currentSquare->blocky - targetSquare->blocky); //currentSquare->TotalCostEstimate = currentSquare->CostFromStart + currentSquare->CostToEndEstimate; adjacentSquare->open = true; adjacentSquare->CostToEndEstimate=abs(adjacentSquare->blockx- targetSquare->blockx) + abs(adjacentSquare->blocky-targetSquare->blocky); adjacentSquare->TotalCostEstimate = adjacentSquare->CostFromStart+adjacentSquare->CostToEndEstimate; //adjacentSquare->open=true;*/ aStarOpenList.push_back(adjacentSquare); } else { if(adjacentSquare->parent->CostFromStart > currentSquare->CostFromStart) { adjacentSquare->parent=currentSquare; if(currentSquare->parent!=NULL) { currentSquare->CostFromStart = currentSquare->parent->CostFromStart + currentSquare->CostToTraverse + startSquare->CostFromStart; } else { currentSquare->CostFromStart=0; } adjacentSquare->CostFromStart =currentSquare->CostFromStart + adjacentSquare->CostToTraverse;// adjacentSquare->parent->CostFromStart + adjacentSquare->CostToTraverse; //currentSquare->CostToEndEstimate = abs(currentSquare->blockx - targetSquare->blockx) + abs(currentSquare->blocky - targetSquare->blocky); //currentSquare->TotalCostEstimate = currentSquare->CostFromStart + currentSquare->CostToEndEstimate; adjacentSquare->CostFromStart = adjacentSquare->parent->CostFromStart + adjacentSquare->CostToTraverse; adjacentSquare->CostToEndEstimate=abs(adjacentSquare->blockx - targetSquare->blockx) + abs(adjacentSquare->blocky - targetSquare->blocky); adjacentSquare->TotalCostEstimate = adjacentSquare->CostFromStart+adjacentSquare->CostToEndEstimate; } } } } } } } if(aStarOpenList.size()==0)//if empty { *returnx =startx; *returny =starty; return; } else { for(unsigned int i=0; i< aStarOpenList.size(); i++) { if(currentSquare->parent==NULL) { //int tempX = targetSquare->blockx; //int tempY = targetSquare->blocky; *returnx=targetSquare->blockx; *returny=targetSquare->blocky; break; } else { currentSquare=currentSquare->parent; } } } }

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• How much to pay for artwork in an indie game?

  - by f20k

  I am an indie developer and I need some detailed artwork. How much is reasonable to pay an artist for say 20 character designs? I know it depends on the artist's skills, etc, but I am wondering what to expect so that I can budget it. Edit: Let's say cartoon-ish art (Example - not necessarily in that level of detail but that kind of cartoony-art style). No 3-d modelling - The art will be used as still images in game and for promotional reasons. I'd provide a base sprite design for them to expand on and detail. Also, some numbers would be nice - I like numbers. Even a range is helpful. Like: expect to spend $x2 ~ $x1 for top-notch and $y2 ~ $y1 for decent quality. I understand I can ask at some indie-help site but, if an artist says something like $1000 for 20 designs, I wouldn't have any idea if it's reasonable / good deal / bad idea etc.

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• In OpenGl ES 2, should I allocate multiple transformation matrices?

  - by thm4ter

  In OpenGl ES 2, should I declare just one transformation matrix, and share it across all objects or should I declare a transformation matrix in each object that needs it? for clarification... something like this: public class someclass{ public static float[16] transMatrix = new float[16]; ... public static void translate(int x, int y){ //do translation here } } public class someotherclass{ ... void draw(GL10 unused){ someclass.translate(10,10); //draw } } verses something like this: public class obj1{ public static float[16] transMatrix = new float[16]; ... void draw(GL10 unused){ //translate //draw } } public class obj2{ public static float[16] transMatrix = new float[16]; ... void draw(GL10 unused){ //translate //draw } }

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• 2D Polygon Triangulation

  - by BleedObsidian

  I am creating a game engine using the JBox2D physics engine. It only allows you to create polygon fixtures up to 8 vertices, To create a body with more than 8 vertices, you need to create multiple fixtures for the body. My question is, How can I split the polygons a user creates into smaller polygons for JBox2D? Also, what topology should I use when splitting the polygons and why? (If JBox2D can have up to 8 vertices, why not split polygons into 8 per polygon)

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• Do all mods simply alter game files? [on hold]

  - by Starkers

  When you install some mods you drag certain files into your game directory and replace the files. Other mods, though, come with an installer where you can set parameters first. Does the installer then go and automatically replace the certain files? At the end of the day, is that all the installation of any mod is? Is the installation of a mod simply the replacement of certain files inside the game's root directory? Do mods exist which don't fit the above statement? That install outside the game's root? Why do they do this? All the mods I can think of do just replace certain files inside the game's root. However, I know Team Fortress was spawned from a multiplayer halflife 1 mod. Do you reckon that mod installed files outside the root to enable multiplayer via a network for a single player game? How rare are these mods? Or do they not even exist? Do even extensive mods make all their changes inside the root?

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• Rotation matrix for a 3D vector

  - by Shashwat

  I have a direction vector on which I have to apply some rotation to align it to positive z-axis. To use Matrix.CreateRotationX(angle) of XNA, I need the angle for which I'd have to compute cos or tan inverse. I think this is a complex task to do. Also, eventually those are also converted to sin(angle) and cos(angle) in the matrix. Is there any inbuilt way to create rotation matrix from a 3D vector? However, I can write the function but still asking if there is one already there.

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• Path Modifier in Tower Of Defense Game

  - by Siddharth

  I implemented PathModifier for path of each enemy in my tower of defense game. So I applied fixed time to path modifier in that enemy complete their path. Like following code describe. new PathModifier(speed, path); Here speed define the time to complete the path. But in tower of defense game my problem is, there is a tower which slow down the movement of the enemy. In that particular situation I was stuck. please someone provide me some guidance what to do in this situation. EDIT : Path path = new Path(wayPointList.size()); for (int j = 0; j < wayPointList.size(); j++) { Point point = grid.getCellPoint(wayPointList.get(j).getRow(), wayPointList.get(j).getCol()); path.to(point.x, point.y); }

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• Spherical to Cartesian Coordinates

  - by user1258455

  Well I'm reading the Frank's Luna DirectX10 book and, while I'm trying to understand the first demo, I found something that's not very clear at least for me. In the updateScene method, when I press A, S, W or D, the angles mTheta and mPhi change, but after that, there are three lines of code that I don't understand exactly what they do: // Convert Spherical to Cartesian coordinates: mPhi measured from +y // and mTheta measured counterclockwise from -z. float x = 5.0f*sinf(mPhi)*sinf(mTheta); float z = -5.0f*sinf(mPhi)*cosf(mTheta); float y = 5.0f*cosf(mPhi); I mean, this explains that they do, it says that it converts the spherical coordinates to cartesian coordinates, but, mathematically, why? why the x value is calculated by the product of the sins of both angles? And the z by the product of the sine and cosine? and why the y just uses the cosine? After that, those values (x, y and z) are used to build the view matrix. The book doesn't explain (mathematically) why those values are calculated like that (and I didn't find anything to help me to understand it at the first Part of the book: "Mathematical prerequisites"), so it would be good if someone could explain me what exactly happen in those code lines or just give me a link that helps me to understand the math part. Thanks in advance!

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