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  • Optimizing hierarchical transform

    - by Geotarget
    I'm transforming objects in 3D space by transforming each vector with the object's 4x4 transform matrix. In order to achieve hierarchical transform, I transform the child by its own matrix, and then the child by the parent matrix. This becomes costly because objects deeper in the display tree have to be transformed by all the parent objects. This is what's happening, in summary: Root -- transform its verts by Root matrix Parent -- transform its verts by Parent, Root matrix Child -- transform its verts by Child, Parent, Root matrix Is there a faster way to transform vertices to achieve hierarchical transform? What If I first concatenated each transform matrix with the parent matrices, and then transform verts by that final resulting matrix, would that work and wouldn't that be faster? Root -- transform its verts by Root matrix Parent -- concat Parent, Root matrices, transform its verts by Concated matrix Child -- concat Child, Parent, Root matrices, transform its verts by Concated matrix

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  • Handling player/background movements in 2D games

    - by lukeluke
    Suppose you have your animated character controlled by the player and a 2D world (like the old 2D side-scrolling games). When the user press right on the keyboard, the background is moved to the right. If the path is always horizontal, this is simple to do (incrementation/decrementation of the x-coordinate). But suppose that the path is instead a polygonal chain. My questions are: How do you move the background? How do you move the background if the game objects are managed with a physics engine like box2D?

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  • 3D physics engine for accurate collision handling on desktop/laptop computers (non-console)

    - by Georges Oates Larsen
    What are your suggestions for a physics engine that satisfies the following criteria? Capable of calculating collisions between multiple concave mesh-based colliders Handles many collisions going on at once (for instance one mesh being wedged between two others, which themselves may be wedged between two meshes) Does not allow for collider passthrough, even at high speeds. For instance, if I am applying force to a programmatically hinged object that makes it spin, I do not want it to pass through another rigidbody that it collides with while spinning. I have this problem using PhysX As implied before, reacts well to hinged objects, preferably has its own implementation of a hinge, but I am willing to program my own. The important part is that it has some sort of interface that guarantees accurate collision tracking even when dealing with these things Platform independent -- runs on mac as well as PC, also not tied down to specific graphics cards I think that's the best way to explain what I am looking for. Basically, I need SUPER reliable collisions. Something that can't be accomplished with a simple ray casting approach that sends a ray from the last position of the object to the current position (as this object may be potentially large and colliding with small objects via rotation) Bonus points for also including an OPEN SOURCE engine.

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  • How can I solve this SAT direct corner intersection edge case?

    - by ssb
    I have a working SAT implementation, but I am running into a problem where direct collisions at a corner do not work for tiled surfaces. That is, it clips on the surface when going in a certain direction because it gets hung up on one of the tiles, and so, for example, if I walk across a floor while holding both down and left, the player will stop when meeting the next shape because the player will be colliding with the right side rather than with the top of the floor tile. This illustration shows what I mean: The top block will translate right first and then up. I have checked here and here which are helpful, but this does not address what I should do in a situation where I don't have a tile-based world. My usage of the term "tile" before isn't really accurate since what I'm doing here is manually placing square obstacles next to each other, not assigning them spots on a grid. What can I do to fix this?

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  • Almost working 2D Collisions

    - by TheGag96
    I'm terribly sorry I'm asking this question YET AGAIN, but I can almost guarantee that this will be the last time I'll have to ask. I'm currently on the verge of FINALLY getting these collisions to work for my game, made with libGDX in Java. My collisions use the same method as (and are basically copied and modified code from) the XNA Platformer example (here) where the direction of the collision is based on the rectangle where two objects are overlapping. The collisions themselves almost work perfectly, but for some reason, holding down/up and left and colliding with the floor/ceiling while doing so doesn't seem to work well. I'm not at all sure why. Instead of vaguely giving my problem and snippets of code, I've decided to instead provide a binary and the source of the game I have so far so you can see for yourself what my problem is. Link. (Note: make sure you unzip everything into a folder somewhere or it will not work) You'll find the collision code in the method workingCollisions() in Link.java. Please excuse the messy code and terrible graphics as this whole thing is in pre-pre-alpha. If anyone is kind enough and helps me out here, you are the best person ever. I'm completely desperate; I've been trying this on and off for months and I just can't get it to work. I cannot thank you enough.

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  • Grid Based Lighting in XNA/Monogame

    - by sm81095
    I know that questions like this have been asked many times, but I have not found one exactly like this yes. I have implemented a top-down grid based world in Monogame, and am starting on the lighting system soon. How I want to do lighting is to have a grid that is 4 times wider and higher, basically splitting each world tile into a 4x4 system of "subtiles". I would like to use a flow like system to spread light across the tiles by reducing the light by a small amount each time. This is kind of the effect I was going for: http://i.imgur.com/rv8LCxZ.png The black grid lines are the light grid, and the red lines are the actual tile grid, and the light drop-off is very exaggerated. I plan to render the world by drawing the unlit grid to a separate RenderTarget2D, then rendering the lighting grid to a separate target and overlaying the two. Basically, my questions are: What would be the algorithm for a flow style lighting system like this? Would there be a more efficient way of rendering this? How would I handle the darkening of the light with colors, reducing the RGB values in each grid, or reducing the alpha in each grid, assuming that I render the light map over the grid using blending? Even assuming the former are possible, what BlendState would I use for that?

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  • Keypress Left is called twice in Update when key is pressed only once

    - by Simran kaur
    I have a piece of code that is changing the position of player when left key is pressed. It is inside of Update() function. I know, Update is called multiple times, but since I have an ifstatement to check if left arrow is pressed, it should update only once. I have tested using print statement that once pressed, it gets called twice. Problem: Position updated twice when key is pressed only once. Below given is the structure of my code: void Update() { if (Input.GetKeyDown (KeyCode.LeftArrow)) { print ("PRESSEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEDDDDDDDDDDDDDD"); } } I looked up on web and what was suggested id this: if (Event.current.type == EventType.KeyDown && Event.current.keyCode == KeyCode.LeftArrow) { print("pressed"); } But, It gives me an error that says: Object reference not set to instance of an object How can I fix this?

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  • Building dynamic bounding box hierachies.

    - by adivasile
    I've been reading about collision detection and I saw that the first part was a coarse detection which generates possible contacts using bounding box hierarchies. I understand the concept of splitting up your objects in groups, to speed up the detection phase, but I'm a little confused on how do you actually build the hierachy, more so on what criteria is used to group them together. Do I iterate through all the objects in the scene, and check the distance between them to see where they should be inserted in the tree? Do you know some resources that may shed some light on this topic for me?

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  • How to acheive a smoother lighting effect

    - by Cyral
    I'm making a tile based game in XNA So currently my lightning looks like this: How can I get it to look like this? Instead of each block having its own tint, it has a smooth overlay. I'm assuming some sort of shader, and to tell it the lighting and blur it some how. But im not an expert with shaders. My current lighting calculates the light, and then passes it to a spritebatch and draws with a color parameter EDIT: No longer uses spritebatch tint, I was testing and now pass parameters to set the light values. But still looking for a way to smooth it

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  • Getting a mirrored mesh from my data structure

    - by Steve
    Here's the background: I'm in the beginning stages of an RTS game in Unity. I have a procedurally generated terrain with a perlin-noise height map, as well as a function to generate a river. The problem is that the graphical creation of the map is taking the data structure of the map and rotating it by 180 degrees. I noticed this problem when I was creating my rivers. I would set the River's height to flat, and noticed that the actual tiles that were flat in the graphical representation were flipped and mirrored. Here's 3 screenshots of the map from different angles: http://imgur.com/a/VLHHq As you can see, if you flipped (graphically) the river by 180 degrees on the z axis, it would fit where the terrain is flattened. I have a suspicion it is being caused by a misunderstanding on my part of how vertices work. Alas, here is a snippet of the code that is used: This code here creates a new array of Tile objects, which hold the information for each tile, including its type, coordinate, height, and it's 4 vertices public DTileMap (int size_x, int size_y) { this.size_x = size_x; this.size_y = size_y; //Initialize Map_Data Array of Tile Objects map_data = new Tile[size_x, size_y]; for (int j = 0; j < size_y; j++) { for (int i = 0; i < size_x; i++) { map_data [i, j] = new Tile (); map_data[i,j].coordinate.x = (int)i; map_data[i,j].coordinate.y = (int)j; map_data[i,j].vertices[0] = new Vector3 (i * GTileMap.TileMap.tileSize, map_data[i,j].Height, -j * GTileMap.TileMap.tileSize); map_data[i,j].vertices[1] = new Vector3 ((i+1) * GTileMap.TileMap.tileSize, map_data[i,j].Height, -(j) * GTileMap.TileMap.tileSize); map_data[i,j].vertices[2] = new Vector3 (i * GTileMap.TileMap.tileSize, map_data[i,j].Height, -(j-1) * GTileMap.TileMap.tileSize); map_data[i,j].vertices[3] = new Vector3 ((i+1) * GTileMap.TileMap.tileSize, map_data[i,j].Height, -(j-1) * GTileMap.TileMap.tileSize); } } This code sets the river tiles to height 0 foreach (Tile t in map_data) { if (t.realType == "Water") { t.vertices[0].y = 0f; t.vertices[1].y = 0f; t.vertices[2].y = 0f; t.vertices[3].y = 0f; } } And below is the code to generate the actual graphics from the data: public void BuildMesh () { DTileMap.DTileMap map = new DTileMap.DTileMap (size_x, size_z); int numTiles = size_x * size_z; int numTris = numTiles * 2; int vsize_x = size_x + 1; int vsize_z = size_z + 1; int numVerts = vsize_x * vsize_z; // Generate the mesh data Vector3[] vertices = new Vector3[ numVerts ]; Vector3[] normals = new Vector3[numVerts]; Vector2[] uv = new Vector2[numVerts]; int[] triangles = new int[ numTris * 3 ]; int x, z; for (z=0; z < vsize_z; z++) { for (x=0; x < vsize_x; x++) { normals [z * vsize_x + x] = Vector3.up; uv [z * vsize_x + x] = new Vector2 ((float)x / size_x, 1f - (float)z / size_z); } } for (z=0; z < vsize_z; z+=1) { for (x=0; x < vsize_x; x+=1) { if (x == vsize_x - 1 && z == vsize_z - 1) { vertices [z * vsize_x + x] = DTileMap.DTileMap.map_data [x - 1, z - 1].vertices [3]; } else if (z == vsize_z - 1) { vertices [z * vsize_x + x] = DTileMap.DTileMap.map_data [x, z - 1].vertices [2]; } else if (x == vsize_x - 1) { vertices [z * vsize_x + x] = DTileMap.DTileMap.map_data [x - 1, z].vertices [1]; } else { vertices [z * vsize_x + x] = DTileMap.DTileMap.map_data [x, z].vertices [0]; vertices [z * vsize_x + x+1] = DTileMap.DTileMap.map_data [x, z].vertices [1]; vertices [(z+1) * vsize_x + x] = DTileMap.DTileMap.map_data [x, z].vertices [2]; vertices [(z+1) * vsize_x + x+1] = DTileMap.DTileMap.map_data [x, z].vertices [3]; } } } } for (z=0; z < size_z; z++) { for (x=0; x < size_x; x++) { int squareIndex = z * size_x + x; int triOffset = squareIndex * 6; triangles [triOffset + 0] = z * vsize_x + x + 0; triangles [triOffset + 2] = z * vsize_x + x + vsize_x + 0; triangles [triOffset + 1] = z * vsize_x + x + vsize_x + 1; triangles [triOffset + 3] = z * vsize_x + x + 0; triangles [triOffset + 5] = z * vsize_x + x + vsize_x + 1; triangles [triOffset + 4] = z * vsize_x + x + 1; } } // Create a new Mesh and populate with the data Mesh mesh = new Mesh (); mesh.vertices = vertices; mesh.triangles = triangles; mesh.normals = normals; mesh.uv = uv; // Assign our mesh to our filter/renderer/collider MeshFilter mesh_filter = GetComponent<MeshFilter> (); MeshCollider mesh_collider = GetComponent<MeshCollider> (); mesh_filter.mesh = mesh; mesh_collider.sharedMesh = mesh; calculateMeshTangents (mesh); BuildTexture (map); } If this looks familiar to you, its because i got most of it from Quill18. I've been slowly adapting it for my uses. And please include any suggestions you have for my code. I'm still in the very early prototyping stage.

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  • 3d trajectory - calculate initial velocity

    - by Skoder
    Hey, I've got a 2D projectile code sample working, but would like to extend it to 3D. How would I calculate the initial velocity of the Z-axis? At the moment, I've got: initVel.X = (float)Math.Cos(45.0); initVel.Y = (float)Math.Sin(45.0); How would I convert this to work in 3D (and add the initial velocity for the Z-axis)? In my example, X is across, Y is up down and Z is going into the screen. I also normalize the vector and multiply it by the speed. Thanks

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  • Rendering Texture Quad to Screen or FBO (OpenGL ES)

    - by Usman.3D
    I need to render the texture on the iOS device's screen or a render-to-texture frame buffer object. But it does not show any texture. It's all black. (I am loading texture with image myself for testing purpose) //Load texture data UIImage *image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"textureImage.png"]; GLuint width = FRAME_WIDTH; GLuint height = FRAME_HEIGHT; //Create context void *imageData = malloc(height * width * 4); CGColorSpaceRef colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB(); CGContextRef context = CGBitmapContextCreate(imageData, width, height, 8, 4 * width, colorSpace, kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast | kCGBitmapByteOrder32Big); CGColorSpaceRelease(colorSpace); //Prepare image CGContextClearRect(context, CGRectMake(0, 0, width, height)); CGContextDrawImage(context, CGRectMake(0, 0, width, height), image.CGImage); glGenTextures(1, &texture); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, imageData); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); Simple Texture Quad drawing code mentioned here //Bind Texture, Bind render-to-texture FBO and then draw the quad const float quadPositions[] = { 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0, -1.0, -1.0, 0.0, -1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0 }; const float quadTexcoords[] = { 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 }; // stop using VBO glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); // setup buffer offsets glVertexAttribPointer(ATTRIB_VERTEX, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3*sizeof(float), quadPositions); glVertexAttribPointer(ATTRIB_TEXCOORD0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 2*sizeof(float), quadTexcoords); // ensure the proper arrays are enabled glEnableVertexAttribArray(ATTRIB_VERTEX); glEnableVertexAttribArray(ATTRIB_TEXCOORD0); //Bind Texture and render-to-texture FBO. glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLid); //Actually wanted to render it to render-to-texture FBO, but now testing directly on default FBO. //glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, textureFBO[pixelBuffernum]); // draw glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 2*3); What am I doing wrong in this code? P.S. I'm not familiar with shaders yet, so it is difficult for me to make use of them right now.

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  • Partial Shader Signatures HLSL D3D11 C++

    - by ThePhD
    I had been debugging a problem I was having in a single shader file with 2 functions in it. I'm using DirectX 11, vs_5_0 and ps_5_0. I have stripped it down to its basic components to understand what was going wrong with the shaders, because the different named components of the Pixel and Vertex shaders were swapping the data being input: void QuadVertex ( inout float4 position : SV_Position, inout float4 color : COLOR0, inout float2 tex : TEXCOORD0 ) { // ViewProject is a 4x4 matrix, // just included here to show the simple passthrough of the data position = mul(position, ViewProjection); } And a Pixel Shader: float4 QuadPixel ( float4 color : COLOR0, float2 tex : TEXCOORD0 ) : SV_Target0 { // Color is filled with position data and tex is // filled with color values from the Vertex Shader return color; } The ID3D11InputLayout and associated C++ code correctly compiles the shaders and sets them up with some simple primitive data: data[0].Position.x = 0.0f * 210; data[0].Position.y = 1.0f * 160; data[0].Position.z = 0.0f; data[1].Position.x = 0.0f * 210; data[1].Position.y = 0.0f * 160; data[1].Position.z = 0.0f; data[2].Position.x = 1.0f * 210; data[2].Position.y = 1.0f * 160; data[2].Position.z = 0.0f; data[0].Colour = Colors::Red; data[1].Colour = Colors::Red; data[2].Colour = Colors::Red; data[0].Texture = Vector2::Zero; data[1].Texture = Vector2::Zero; data[2].Texture = Vector2::Zero; When used with the shader, the float4 color always ended up with the position data, and the float2 tex always ended up with the color data. After a moment, I figured out that the shader's input and output signatures needed to be in the correct order and the correct format and be laid out in the exact order of the output from the Vertex Shader, regardless of the semantics: float4 QuadPixel ( float4 pos : SV_Position, float4 color : COLOR0, float2 tex : TEXCOORD0 ) : SV_Target0 { return color; } After finding this out, My question is: Why don't the semantics map the appropriate components when going from Vertex Shader to Pixel Shader? Is there any way that I can make it so certain semantics are always mapped to other semantics, or do I always have to follow the rigid Shader Signature (in this case, Position, Color, and Texture) ? As a side note for why I'm asking: I know that when using XNA, my shader signatures for functions could differ in position and even drop items from Vertex Shader to Pixel Shader function parameters, having only the COLOR0 and TEXCOORD0 components being used (and it would still match up correctly). However, I also know that XNA relied on DX9 (and maybe a little DX10) implementation, and that maybe this kind of flexibility no longer exists in DX11?

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  • How to export a C++ class library to C# using a dll?

    - by SICGames2013
    In my previous revision game engine I deported major functions for the game editor for C#. Now, I'm beginning to revise the game engine with a static library. There's a already dynamic library created in C++ to use DLLEXPORT for C#. Just now I want to test out the newer functions and created a DLL file from C++. Because the DLL contains classes I was wondering how would I be able to use DLL Export. Would I do this: [DLLEXPORT("GameEngine.dll", EntryPoint="SomeClass", Conventional=_stdcall)] static extern void functionFromClass(); I have a feeling it's probably DLLImport and not DLLExport. I was wondering how would I go about this? Another way I was thinking was because I already have the DLL in C++ prepared already to go the C# Class Library. I could just keep the new engine as a lib, and link the lib with the old DLL C++ file. Wouldn't the EntryPoint be able to point to the class the function is in?

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  • Why do we use the Pythagorean theorem in game physics?

    - by Starkers
    I've recently learned that we use Pythagorean theorem a lot in our physics calculations and I'm afraid I don't really get the point. Here's an example from a book to make sure an object doesn't travel faster than a MAXIMUM_VELOCITY constant in the horizontal plane: MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = <any number>; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = MAXIMUM_VELOCITY * MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; function animate(){ var squared_horizontal_velocity = (x_velocity * x_velocity) + (z_velocity * z_velocity); if( squared_horizontal_velocity <= SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ scalar = squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; } } Let's try this with some numbers: An object is attempting to move 5 units in x and 5 units in z. It should only be able to move 5 units horizontally in total! MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5 * 5; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 25; function animate(){ var x_velocity = 5; var z_velocity = 5; var squared_horizontal_velocity = (x_velocity * x_velocity) + (z_velocity * z_velocity); var squared_horizontal_velocity = 5 * 5 + 5 * 5; var squared_horizontal_velocity = 25 + 25; var squared_horizontal_velocity = 50; // if( squared_horizontal_velocity <= SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ if( 50 <= 25 ){ scalar = squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; scalar = 50 / 25; scalar = 2.0; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; x_velocity = 5 / 2.0; x_velocity = 2.5; z_velocity = z_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = 5 / 2.0; z_velocity = 2.5; // new_horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity // new_horizontal_velocity = 2.5 + 2.5 // new_horizontal_velocity = 5 } } Now this works well, but we can do the same thing without Pythagoras: MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5; function animate(){ var x_velocity = 5; var z_velocity = 5; var horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity; var horizontal_velocity = 5 + 5; var horizontal_velocity = 10; // if( horizontal_velocity >= MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ if( 10 >= 5 ){ scalar = horizontal_velocity / MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; scalar = 10 / 5; scalar = 2.0; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; x_velocity = 5 / 2.0; x_velocity = 2.5; z_velocity = z_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = 5 / 2.0; z_velocity = 2.5; // new_horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity // new_horizontal_velocity = 2.5 + 2.5 // new_horizontal_velocity = 5 } } Benefits of doing it without Pythagoras: Less lines Within those lines, it's easier to read what's going on ...and it takes less time to compute, as there are less multiplications Seems to me like computers and humans get a better deal without Pythagorean theorem! However, I'm sure I'm wrong as I've seen Pythagoras' theorem in a number of reputable places, so I'd like someone to explain me the benefit of using Pythagorean theorem to a maths newbie. Does this have anything to do with unit vectors? To me a unit vector is when we normalize a vector and turn it into a fraction. We do this by dividing the vector by a larger constant. I'm not sure what constant it is. The total size of the graph? Anyway, because it's a fraction, I take it, a unit vector is basically a graph that can fit inside a 3D grid with the x-axis running from -1 to 1, z-axis running from -1 to 1, and the y-axis running from -1 to 1. That's literally everything I know about unit vectors... not much :P And I fail to see their usefulness. Also, we're not really creating a unit vector in the above examples. Should I be determining the scalar like this: // a mathematical work-around of my own invention. There may be a cleverer way to do this! I've also made up my own terms such as 'divisive_scalar' so don't bother googling var divisive_scalar = (squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY); var divisive_scalar = ( 50 / 25 ); var divisive_scalar = 2; var multiplicative_scalar = (divisive_scalar / (2*divisive_scalar)); var multiplicative_scalar = (2 / (2*2)); var multiplicative_scalar = (2 / 4); var multiplicative_scalar = 0.5; x_velocity = x_velocity * multiplicative_scalar x_velocity = 5 * 0.5 x_velocity = 2.5 Again, I can't see why this is better, but it's more "unit-vector-y" because the multiplicative_scalar is a unit_vector? As you can see, I use words such as "unit-vector-y" so I'm really not a maths whiz! Also aware that unit vectors might have nothing to do with Pythagorean theorem so ignore all of this if I'm barking up the wrong tree. I'm a very visual person (3D modeller and concept artist by trade!) and I find diagrams and graphs really, really helpful so as many as humanely possible please!

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  • Multiple objects listening for the same key press

    - by xiaohouzi79
    I want to learn the best way to implement this: I have a hero and an enemy on the screen. Say the hero presses "k" to get out a knife, I want the enemy to react in a certain way. Now, if in my game loop I have a listener for the key press event and I identify a "k" was pressed, the quick and easy way would be to do: // If K pressed // hero.getOoutKnife() // enemy.getAngry() But what is commonly done in more complex games, where say I have 10 types of character on screen and they all need to react in a unique way when the letter "k" is pressed? I can think of a bunch of hacky ways to do this, but would love to know how it should be done properly. I am using C++, but I'm not looking for a code implementation, just some ideas on how it should be done the right way.

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  • Optimal way to learn DirectX?

    - by BluePhase
    I am finding it very difficult to learn DirectX 11. The MSDN website is just full of unorganized information that doesn't seem to help at all. I am particularly looking for something that explains many if not all aspects of developing with DirectX 11. I have been searching for weeks and still come up empty. I have found some books but they don't really explain the fundamentals of the language at all. Thanks in advanced.

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  • GLES2.0 3D Android game performance and multi threading the update?

    - by Ofer
    I have profiled my mixed Java\C++ Android game and I got the following result: https://dl.dropbox.com/u/8025882/PompiDev/AndroidProfile.png As you can see, the pink think is a C++ functions that updates the game. It does things like updating the logic but it mostly it generates a "request list" for rendering. The thing is, I generate DrawLists on C++ and then send them to Java to process and draw using GLES2.0. Since then I was able to improve update from 9ms down to about 7ms, but I would like to ask if I would benefit from multi threading the update? As I understand from that diagram is that the function that takes the most time is the one you see it's color on the timeline. So the pink area is taken mostly by update. The other area has MainOpenGL.Handle as it's main contributor(whch is my java function), but since it's not drawn to the top of the diagram I can conclude other things are happening at the same time that use the CPU? Or even GPU stuff that isn't shown in this diagram. I am not sure how the GPU works on this. Does it calculate stuff in parallel to the CPU? Or is it part of the CPU usage as in SoC? I am not sure. Anyway, in case GPU things DO happen in parallel to CPU, then I would guess that if I do this C++ Update in parallel to the thread that makes the OpenGL calls, I might make use of "dead CPU time" due to GPU stalling or maybe have the GPU calls getting processed earlier because it won't have to wait for Update to finish? How do you suggest to improve performance based on that? Thanks.

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  • C# XNA Make rendered screen a texture2d

    - by redcodefinal
    I am working on a cool little city generator which makes cities in the isometric perspective. However, a problem arose where if the grid size was over a certain limit it would have awful lag. I found the main problem to be in the draw method. So I took the precautionary step of rendering only items that were onscreen. This fixed the lag but, not by much. The idea I have is to render the frame once and take a snapshot. Then, display that as a texture2d on screen. This way I don't have to render 1,000,000 objects every frame since they don't change anyways. TL;DR - I want to Take a snapshot of an already rendered frame Turn it into a Texture2D Render that to the screen instead of all the objects. Any help appreciated.

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  • Questions before I revamp my rendering engine to use shaders (GLSL)

    - by stephelton
    I've written a fairly robust rendering engine using OpenGL ES 1.1 (fixed-function.) I've been looking into revamping the engine to use OpenGL ES 2.0, which necessitates that I use shaders. I've been absorbing information all day long and still have some questions. Firstly, lighting. The fixed-function pipeline is guaranteed to have at least 8 lights available. My current engine finds lights that are "close" to the primitives being drawn and enables them; I don't know how many lights are going to be enabled until I draw a given model. Nothing is dynamically allocated in GLSL, so I have to define in a shader some number of lights to be used, right? So if I want to stick with 8, should I write my general purpose shader to have 8 lights and then use uniforms to tell it how many / which lights to use? Which brings me to another question: should I be concerned with the amount of data I'm allocating in a shader? Recent video cards have hundreds of "stream processors." If I've got a fragment shader being used on some number of fragments in a given triangle, I assume they must each have their own stack to work on. Are read-only variables copied here, or read when needed? My initial goal is to rework my code so that it is virtually identical to the current implementation. What I have in mind is to create my own matrix stack so that I can implement something along the lines of push/popMatrix and apply all my translations, rotations, and scales to this matrix, then provide the matrix to the vertex shader so that it can make very quick vertex translations. Is this approach sound? Edit: My original intention was to ask if there was a tutorial that would explain the bare minimum necessary to jump from fixed-function to using shaders. Thanks!

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  • Cutting out smaller rectangles from a larger rectangle

    - by Mauro Destro
    The world is initially a rectangle. The player can move on the world border and then "cut" the world via orthogonal paths (not oblique). When the player reaches the border again I have a list of path segments they just made. I'm trying to calculate and compare the two areas created by the path cut and select the smaller one to remove it from world. After the first iteration, the world is no longer a rectangle and player must move on border of this new shape. How can I do this? Is it possible to have a non rectangular path? How can I move the player character only on path? EDIT Here you see an example of what I'm trying to achieve: Initial screen layout. Character moves inside the world and than reaches the border again. Segment of the border present in the smaller area is deleted and last path becomes part of the world border. Character moves again inside the world. Segments of border present in the smaller area are deleted etc.

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  • Java enum pairs / "subenum" or what exactly?

    - by vemalsar
    I have an RPG-style Item class and I stored the type of the item in enum (itemType.sword). I want to store subtype too (itemSubtype.long), but I want to express the relation between two data type (sword can be long, short etc. but shield can't be long or short, only round, tower etc). I know this is wrong source code but similar what I want: enum type { sword; } //not valid code! enum swordSubtype extends type.sword { short, long } Question: How can I define this connection between two data type (or more exactly: two value of the data types), what is the most simple and standard way? Array-like data with all valid (itemType,itemSubtype) enum pairs or (itemType,itemSubtype[]) so more subtype for one type, it would be the best. OK but how can I construct this simplest way? Special enum with "subenum" set or second level enum or anything else if it does exists 2 dimensional "canBePairs" array, itemType and itemSubtype dimensions with all type and subtype and boolean elements, "true" means itemType (first dimension) and itemSubtype (second dimension) are okay, "false" means not okay Other better idea Thank you very much!

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  • Best way to mask 2D sprites in XNA?

    - by electroflame
    I currently am trying to mask some sprites. Rather than explaining it in words, I've made up some example pictures: The area to mask (in white) Now, the red sprite that needs to be cropped. The final result. Now, I'm aware that in XNA you can do two things to accomplish this: Use the Stencil Buffer. Use a Pixel Shader. I have tried to do a pixel shader, which essentially did this: float4 main(float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD0) : COLOR0 { float4 tex = tex2D(BaseTexture, texCoord); float4 bitMask = tex2D(MaskTexture, texCoord); if (bitMask.a > 0) { return float4(tex.r, tex.g, tex.b, tex.a); } else { return float4(0, 0, 0, 0); } } This seems to crop the images (albeit, not correct once the image starts to move), but my problem is that the images are constantly moving (they aren't static), so this cropping needs to be dynamic. Is there a way I could alter the shader code to take into account it's position? Alternatively, I've read about using the Stencil Buffer, but most of the samples seem to hinge on using a rendertarget, which I really don't want to do. (I'm already using 3 or 4 for the rest of the game, and adding another one on top of it seems overkill) The only tutorial I've found that doesn't use Rendertargets is one from Shawn Hargreaves' blog over here. The issue with that one, though is that it's for XNA 3.1, and doesn't seem to translate well to XNA 4.0. It seems to me that the pixel shader is the way to go, but I'm unsure of how to get the positioning correct. I believe I would have to change my onscreen coordinates (something like 500, 500) to be between 0 and 1 for the shader coordinates. My only problem is trying to work out how to correctly use the transformed coordinates. Thanks in advance for any help!

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  • Hexagonal Tiles

    - by PATRY
    i'm doing a tactical game (X-Com / Fallout style) for fun. I've decided to use an hexagonal map, but i'm having a graphic problem. My current map display is HUD-like, with only the border of the map cells displayed, without any texture. it's simple and allow for display of different types of informations by varying the color of the border. For exemple the "danger view mode" displays the borders with a color going from green (no damage possible) to red (prob of damage 90%). Now, It's a bit hard to différenciate the kind of tile the player is on. I could put a plain color (green is grass, pale blue is water...), but this is going to limit the possibilities. Thus, i would like to display a texture on my tiles. Since the map are generated, i can not use a picture for the whole map with the HUD over. So, my question is : does any one knows how i could generate the sealess hexagonal textures (algo or plugin), or if there is a site with some hexagonal tiles ?

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  • how to design transparent screen in libgdx

    - by ved
    this question is for LibGdx geeks. I want to make transparent screen in my game. For example, when level completes I want a new transparent screen pop up and show player's high score, buttons to navigate on next level etc like in angry birds kind of screen. This type of screen can also use, when user click on pause button, to show pause screen. Please guide me to design this kind of screen. Or if I am going wrong to make transparent screens for this kind of situation. Please guide me for better one.

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