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  • Blender 2.64, what are the actual hot-keys for certain actions

    - by Shivan Dragon
    I know this sounds mega lame but I've looked for hotkeys for certain actions, first in the appliation's User Settings (where I didn't find them) then in the official documentation (where I did find some of them but they're not the right ones): http://wiki.blender.org/index.php/Doc:2.4/Manual/3D_interaction/Transform_Control/Manipulators (Ctrl - Alt - S is recommended for Scale, but instead it opens the Save As... window - I think these changed in the latest versions, but they forgot to update the docs) So then, what are the hot keys for: selecting translate manipulator selecting rotate manipulator selecting scale manipulator In Edit mode: select vertex (editing) select edges (editing) select faces (editing) thanks.

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  • Partial Shader Signatures HLSL D3D11 C++

    - by ThePhD
    I had been debugging a problem I was having in a single shader file with 2 functions in it. I'm using DirectX 11, vs_5_0 and ps_5_0. I have stripped it down to its basic components to understand what was going wrong with the shaders, because the different named components of the Pixel and Vertex shaders were swapping the data being input: void QuadVertex ( inout float4 position : SV_Position, inout float4 color : COLOR0, inout float2 tex : TEXCOORD0 ) { // ViewProject is a 4x4 matrix, // just included here to show the simple passthrough of the data position = mul(position, ViewProjection); } And a Pixel Shader: float4 QuadPixel ( float4 color : COLOR0, float2 tex : TEXCOORD0 ) : SV_Target0 { // Color is filled with position data and tex is // filled with color values from the Vertex Shader return color; } The ID3D11InputLayout and associated C++ code correctly compiles the shaders and sets them up with some simple primitive data: data[0].Position.x = 0.0f * 210; data[0].Position.y = 1.0f * 160; data[0].Position.z = 0.0f; data[1].Position.x = 0.0f * 210; data[1].Position.y = 0.0f * 160; data[1].Position.z = 0.0f; data[2].Position.x = 1.0f * 210; data[2].Position.y = 1.0f * 160; data[2].Position.z = 0.0f; data[0].Colour = Colors::Red; data[1].Colour = Colors::Red; data[2].Colour = Colors::Red; data[0].Texture = Vector2::Zero; data[1].Texture = Vector2::Zero; data[2].Texture = Vector2::Zero; When used with the shader, the float4 color always ended up with the position data, and the float2 tex always ended up with the color data. After a moment, I figured out that the shader's input and output signatures needed to be in the correct order and the correct format and be laid out in the exact order of the output from the Vertex Shader, regardless of the semantics: float4 QuadPixel ( float4 pos : SV_Position, float4 color : COLOR0, float2 tex : TEXCOORD0 ) : SV_Target0 { return color; } After finding this out, My question is: Why don't the semantics map the appropriate components when going from Vertex Shader to Pixel Shader? Is there any way that I can make it so certain semantics are always mapped to other semantics, or do I always have to follow the rigid Shader Signature (in this case, Position, Color, and Texture) ? As a side note for why I'm asking: I know that when using XNA, my shader signatures for functions could differ in position and even drop items from Vertex Shader to Pixel Shader function parameters, having only the COLOR0 and TEXCOORD0 components being used (and it would still match up correctly). However, I also know that XNA relied on DX9 (and maybe a little DX10) implementation, and that maybe this kind of flexibility no longer exists in DX11?

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  • How do I implement a selectable world map?

    - by Clay
    I want to have a selectable map of the world, preferably zoomable, in a cocos2d project. When I tap on a country, I want that country to be selected so that I can perform some other operations with it. It seems that the best approach would be to use a vector world map, but I'm unsure how to implement this with cocos2d. Other options include using map tiles, but it seems that still would require the implementation of country polygons for tap/click detection. Depending on user input, I want to add icons to various countries on the map. What is a good way to approach the implementation of this type of map?

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  • Texture not drawing on cubes

    - by Christian Frantz
    I can draw the cubes fine but they are just solid black besides the occasional lighting that goes on. The basic effect is being set for each cube also. public void Draw(BasicEffect effect) { foreach (EffectPass pass in effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { pass.Apply(); device.SetVertexBuffer(vertexBuffer); device.Indices = indexBuffer; device.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, 8, 0, 12); } } The cubes draw method. TextureEnabled is set to true in my main draw method. My texture is also loading fine. public Cube(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice, Vector3 Position, Texture2D Texture) { device = graphicsDevice; texture = Texture; cubePosition = Position; effect = new BasicEffect(device); } The constructor seems fine too. Could this be caused by the Vector2's of my VertexPositionNormalTexture? Even if they were out of order something should still be drawn other than a black cube

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  • Writing a basic shader for large input files

    - by Zoltan Varadi
    I started writing a shader for my iOS app and instead of starting from scratch i used this tutorial here: http://www.raywenderlich.com/3664/opengl-es-2-0-for-iphone-tutorial I wrote an import function, first to import wavefront .obj models. My problem is that with I can't handle larger inputs (with a simple cube it was working). I realized that the indices array is an array of GLubyte values, which is unsigned char, so as a result i cant have more than 256 indexes. I modified it to GLuint, but then only get a blank screen. What else needs to me modified? p.s.: the source can be downloaded from here: http://d1xzuxjlafny7l.cloudfront.net/downloads/HelloOpenGL.zip

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  • PhysX Capsule Character Controller floating above ground

    - by Jannie
    I am using PhysX Version 3.0.2 in the simulation package I'm working on, and I've encountered some bizarre behavior with the capsule character controller. When I set the controller's height and radius to the appropriate values (r = 0.25, h = 1.86)it behaves correctly (moving along the ground, colliding with other objects, and so on) except that the capsule itself is floating above the ground. The actor will then bump his head when trying to get through a door, since the capsule is the correct height but also floating above the ground. This image should illustrate what I'm going on about: One can clearly see that the rest of the scene has their collision bodies wrapped correctly, it's just the capsule that's going wrong! The stop-gap I've implemented is creating a smaller capsule and giving it an offset, but I need to implement ray-picking for the controller next so the capsule has to surround the character model properly. Here's my character creation code (with height = 1.86f and radius = 0.25f): NxController* D3DPhysXManager::CreateCharacterController( std::string l_stdsControllerName, float l_fHeight, float l_fRadius, D3DXVECTOR3 l_v3Position ) { NxCapsuleControllerDesc l_CapsuleControllerDescription; l_CapsuleControllerDescription.height = l_fHeight; l_CapsuleControllerDescription.radius = l_fRadius; l_CapsuleControllerDescription.position.set( l_v3Position.x, l_v3Position.y, l_v3Position.z ); l_CapsuleControllerDescription.callback = &this->m_ControllerHitReport; NxController* l_pController = this->m_pControllerManager->createController( this->m_pScene, l_CapsuleControllerDescription ); this->m_pControllerMap.insert( l_ControllerValuePair( l_stdsControllerName, l_pController ) ); return l_pController; } Any help at all would be appreciated, I just can't figure this one out! P.S. I've found a couple of (rather old) threads describing the same issue, but it seems they couldn't find a solution either. Here are the links: http://forum-archive.developer.nvidia.com/index.php?showtopic=6409 http://forum-archive.developer.nvidia.com/index.php?showtopic=3272 http://www.ogre3d.org/addonforums/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=23003

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  • How to make natural-looking paths with A* on a grid?

    - by user11177
    I've been reading this: http://theory.stanford.edu/~amitp/GameProgramming/Heuristics.html But there are some things I don't understand, for example the article says to use something like this for pathfinding with diagonal movement: function heuristic(node) = dx = abs(node.x - goal.x) dy = abs(node.y - goal.y) return D * max(dx, dy) I don't know how do set D to get a natural looking path like in the article, I set D to the lowest cost between adjacent squares like it said, and I don't know what they meant by the stuff about the heuristic should be 4*D, that does not seem to change any thing. This is my heuristic function and move function: def heuristic(self, node, goal): D = 10 dx = abs(node.x - goal.x) dy = abs(node.y - goal.y) return D * max(dx, dy) def move_cost(self, current, node): cross = abs(current.x - node.x) == 1 and abs(current.y - node.y) == 1 return 19 if cross else 10 Result: The smooth sailing path we want to happen: The rest of my code: http://pastebin.com/TL2cEkeX

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  • How can I ease the work of getting pixel coordinates from a spritesheet?

    - by ThePlan
    When it comes to spritesheets they're usually easier to use, and they're very efficient memory-wise, but the problem that I'm always having is getting the actual position of a sprite from a sheet. Usually, I have to throw in some aproximated values and modify them several times until I get it right. My question: is there a tool which can basically show you the coordinates of the mouse relative to the image you have opened? Or is there a simpler method of getting the exact rectangle that the sprite is contained in?

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  • Extracting Frustum Planes (Hartmann & Gribbs method)

    - by DAVco
    I have been grappling with the Hartmann/Gribbs method of extracting the Frustum planes for some time now, with little success. There doesn't appear to be a "definitive" topic or tutorial which combines all the necessary information, so perhaps this can be it First of all, I am attempting to do this in C# (For Playstation Mobile), using OpenGL style Column-Major matrices in a Right-Handed coordinate system but obviously the math will work in any language. My projection matrix has a Near plane at 1.0, Far plane at 1000, FOV of 45.0 and Aspect of 1.7647. I want to get my planes in World-Space, so I build my frustum from the View-Projection Matrix (that's projectionMatrix * viewMatrix). The view Matrix is the inverse of the camera's World-Transform. The problem is; regardless of what I tweak, I can't seem to get a correct frustum. I think that I may be missing something obvious. Focusing on the Near and Far planes for the moment (since they have the most obvious normals when correct), when my camera is positioned looking down the negative z-axis, I get two planes facing in the same direction, rather than opposite directions. If i strafe my camera left and right (while still looking along the z axis) the x value of the normal vector changes. Obviously, something is fundamentally wrong here; I just can't figure out what - maybe someone here can?

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  • HLSL Shader not working right?

    - by dvds414
    Okay so I have this shader for ambient occlusion. It loads to world correctly, but it just shows all the models as being white. I do not know why. I am just running the shader while the model is rendering, is that correct? or do I need to make a render target or something? if so then how? I'm using C++. Here is my shader. float sampleRadius; float distanceScale; float4x4 xProjection; float4x4 xView; float4x4 xWorld; float3 cornerFustrum; struct VS_OUTPUT { float4 pos : POSITION; float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0; float3 viewDirection : TEXCOORD1; }; VS_OUTPUT VertexShaderFunction( float4 Position : POSITION, float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0) { VS_OUTPUT Out = (VS_OUTPUT)0; float4 WorldPosition = mul(Position, xWorld); float4 ViewPosition = mul(WorldPosition, xView); Out.pos = mul(ViewPosition, xProjection); Position.xy = sign(Position.xy); Out.TexCoord = (float2(Position.x, -Position.y) + float2( 1.0f, 1.0f ) ) * 0.5f; float3 corner = float3(-cornerFustrum.x * Position.x, cornerFustrum.y * Position.y, cornerFustrum.z); Out.viewDirection = corner; return Out; } texture depthTexture; texture randomTexture; sampler2D depthSampler = sampler_state { Texture = <depthTexture>; ADDRESSU = CLAMP; ADDRESSV = CLAMP; MAGFILTER = LINEAR; MINFILTER = LINEAR; }; sampler2D RandNormal = sampler_state { Texture = <randomTexture>; ADDRESSU = WRAP; ADDRESSV = WRAP; MAGFILTER = LINEAR; MINFILTER = LINEAR; }; float4 PixelShaderFunction(VS_OUTPUT IN) : COLOR0 { float4 samples[16] = { float4(0.355512, -0.709318, -0.102371, 0.0 ), float4(0.534186, 0.71511, -0.115167, 0.0 ), float4(-0.87866, 0.157139, -0.115167, 0.0 ), float4(0.140679, -0.475516, -0.0639818, 0.0 ), float4(-0.0796121, 0.158842, -0.677075, 0.0 ), float4(-0.0759516, -0.101676, -0.483625, 0.0 ), float4(0.12493, -0.0223423, -0.483625, 0.0 ), float4(-0.0720074, 0.243395, -0.967251, 0.0 ), float4(-0.207641, 0.414286, 0.187755, 0.0 ), float4(-0.277332, -0.371262, 0.187755, 0.0 ), float4(0.63864, -0.114214, 0.262857, 0.0 ), float4(-0.184051, 0.622119, 0.262857, 0.0 ), float4(0.110007, -0.219486, 0.435574, 0.0 ), float4(0.235085, 0.314707, 0.696918, 0.0 ), float4(-0.290012, 0.0518654, 0.522688, 0.0 ), float4(0.0975089, -0.329594, 0.609803, 0.0 ) }; IN.TexCoord.x += 1.0/1600.0; IN.TexCoord.y += 1.0/1200.0; normalize (IN.viewDirection); float depth = tex2D(depthSampler, IN.TexCoord).a; float3 se = depth * IN.viewDirection; float3 randNormal = tex2D( RandNormal, IN.TexCoord * 200.0 ).rgb; float3 normal = tex2D(depthSampler, IN.TexCoord).rgb; float finalColor = 0.0f; for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) { float3 ray = reflect(samples[i].xyz,randNormal) * sampleRadius; //if (dot(ray, normal) < 0) // ray += normal * sampleRadius; float4 sample = float4(se + ray, 1.0f); float4 ss = mul(sample, xProjection); float2 sampleTexCoord = 0.5f * ss.xy/ss.w + float2(0.5f, 0.5f); sampleTexCoord.x += 1.0/1600.0; sampleTexCoord.y += 1.0/1200.0; float sampleDepth = tex2D(depthSampler, sampleTexCoord).a; if (sampleDepth == 1.0) { finalColor ++; } else { float occlusion = distanceScale* max(sampleDepth - depth, 0.0f); finalColor += 1.0f / (1.0f + occlusion * occlusion * 0.1); } } return float4(finalColor/16, finalColor/16, finalColor/16, 1.0f); } technique SSAO { pass P0 { VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 VertexShaderFunction(); PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 PixelShaderFunction(); } }

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  • Can't change color of sprites in unity

    - by Aceleeon
    I would like to create a script that targets a 2d sprite "enemy" and changes their color to red (slightly opaque red if possible) when you hit tab. I have this code from a 3d tutorial hoping the transition would work. But it does not. I only get the script to cycle the enemy tags but never changes the color of the sprite. I have the code below I'm very new to coding, and any help would be FANTASTIC! HELP! hahah. TL;DR Cant get 3d color targeting to work for 2D. Check out the c#code below using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; public class Targetting : MonoBehaviour { public List targets; public Transform selectedTarget; private Transform myTransform; // Use this for initialization void Start () { targets = new List(); selectedTarget = null; myTransform = transform; AddAllEnemies(); } public void AddAllEnemies() { GameObject[] go = GameObject.FindGameObjectsWithTag("Enemy"); foreach(GameObject enemy in go) AddTarget(enemy.transform); } public void AddTarget(Transform enemy) { targets.Add(enemy); } private void SortTargetsByDistance() { targets.Sort(delegate(Transform t1,Transform t2) { return Vector3.Distance(t1.position, myTransform.position).CompareTo(Vector3.Distance(t2.position, myTransform.position)); }); } private void TargetEnemy() { if(selectedTarget == null) { SortTargetsByDistance(); selectedTarget = targets[0]; } else { int index = targets.IndexOf(selectedTarget); if(index < targets.Count -1) { index++; } else { index = 0; } selectedTarget = targets[index]; } } private void SelectTarget() { selectedTarget.GetComponent().color = Color.red; } private void DeselectTarget() { selectedTarget.GetComponent().color = Color.blue; selectedTarget = null; } // Update is called once per frame void Update() { if(Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Tab)) { TargetEnemy(); } } }

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  • (Where) Can I learn creating art for my 2D games?

    - by Poorly paid coder
    I'm currently bad at drawing. If I want to create something looking acceptable, it usually takes me hours and hours to fiddle around just to get the basic looks right. I think that I'm not completely skill-less, I just lack simple drawing techniques.. Am I a hopeless case? Where is a good place to start out in drawing for 2D games? I'd like to be able to create acceptably good backgrounds, terrains / tilemaps, characters and weapons

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  • Spherical to Cartesian Coordinates

    - by user1258455
    Well I'm reading the Frank's Luna DirectX10 book and, while I'm trying to understand the first demo, I found something that's not very clear at least for me. In the updateScene method, when I press A, S, W or D, the angles mTheta and mPhi change, but after that, there are three lines of code that I don't understand exactly what they do: // Convert Spherical to Cartesian coordinates: mPhi measured from +y // and mTheta measured counterclockwise from -z. float x = 5.0f*sinf(mPhi)*sinf(mTheta); float z = -5.0f*sinf(mPhi)*cosf(mTheta); float y = 5.0f*cosf(mPhi); I mean, this explains that they do, it says that it converts the spherical coordinates to cartesian coordinates, but, mathematically, why? why the x value is calculated by the product of the sins of both angles? And the z by the product of the sine and cosine? and why the y just uses the cosine? After that, those values (x, y and z) are used to build the view matrix. The book doesn't explain (mathematically) why those values are calculated like that (and I didn't find anything to help me to understand it at the first Part of the book: "Mathematical prerequisites"), so it would be good if someone could explain me what exactly happen in those code lines or just give me a link that helps me to understand the math part. Thanks in advance!

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  • Generating tileable terrain using Perlin Noise [duplicate]

    - by terrorcell
    This question already has an answer here: How do you generate tileable Perlin noise? 9 answers I'm having trouble figuring out the solution to this particular algorithm. I'm using the Perlin Noise implementation from: https://code.google.com/p/mikeralib/source/browse/trunk/Mikera/src/main/java/mikera/math/PerlinNoise.java Here's what I have so far: for (Chunk chunk : chunks) { PerlinNoise noise = new PerlinNoise(); for (int y = 0; y < CHUNK_SIZE_HEIGHT; ++y) { for (int x = 0; x < CHUNK_SIZE_WIDTH; ++x) { int index = get1DIndex(y, CHUNK_SIZE_WIDTH, x); float val = 0; for (int i = 2; i <= 32; i *= i) { double n = noise.tileableNoise2(i * x / (float)CHUNK_SIZE_WIDTH, i * y / (float)CHUNK_SIZE_HEIGHT, CHUNK_SIZE_WIDTH, CHUNK_SIZE_HEIGHT); val += n / i; } // chunk tile at [index] gets set to the colour 'val' } } } Which produces something like this: Each chunk is made up of CHUNK_SIZE number of tiles, and each tile has a TILE_SIZE_WIDTH/HEIGHT. I think it has something to do with the inner-most for loop and the x/y co-ords given to the noise function, but I could be wrong. Solved: PerlinNoise noise = new PerlinNoise(); for (Chunk chunk : chunks) { for (int y = 0; y < CHUNK_SIZE_HEIGHT; ++y) { for (int x = 0; x < CHUNK_SIZE_WIDTH; ++x) { int index = get1DIndex(y, CHUNK_SIZE_WIDTH, x); float val = 0; float xx = x * TILE_SIZE_WIDTH + chunk.x; float yy = y * TILE_SIZE_HEIGHT + chunk.h; int w = CHUNK_SIZE_WIDTH * TILE_SIZE_WIDTH; int h = CHUNK_SIZE_HEIGHT * TILE_SIZE_HEIGHT; for (int i = 2; i <= 32; i *= i) { double n = noise.tileableNoise2(i * xx / (float)w, i * yy / (float)h, w, h); val += n / i; } // chunk tile at [index] gets set to the colour 'val' } } }

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  • Points around a circumference C#

    - by Lautaro
    Im trying to get a list of vectors that go around a circle, but i keep getting the circle to go around several times. I want one circel and the dots to be placed along its circumference. I want the first dot to start at 0 and the last dot to end just before 360. Also i need to be able to calculate the spacing by the ammount of points. List<Vector2> pointsInPath = new List<Vector2>(); private int ammountOfPoints = 5; private int blobbSize = 200; private Vector2 topLeft = new Vector2(100, 100); private Vector2 blobbCenter; private int endAngle = 50; private int angleIncrementation; public Blobb() { blobbCenter = new Vector2(blobbSize / 2, blobbSize / 2) + topLeft; angleIncrementation = endAngle / ammountOfPoints; for (int i = 0; i < ammountOfPoints; i++) { pointsInPath.Add(getPointByAngle(i * angleIncrementation, 100, blobbCenter)); // pointsInPath.Add(getPointByAngle(i * angleIncrementation, blobbSize / 2, blobbCenter)); } } private Vector2 getPointByAngle(float angle, float distance, Vector2 centre) { return new Vector2((float)(distance * Math.Cos(angle) ), (float)(distance * Math.Sin(angle))) + centre ; }

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  • Adding root bone in 3DS Max?

    - by carlturtle
    my animation artist has made me a nice first person pair of arms, animated it, textured it, and given it to me. Then he went on vacation. I am programming my animations, and I am trying to test the model he has given me. Building my project gives me a warning: Multiple skeletons were found in the file. The first skeleton, named "frame l upperarm" has been moved to be a child of the scene root. The other, "frame r upperarm", will be ignored. Fragment identifier "frame r upperarm". Then an error: "Vertex is bound to bone "frame l forearm", but this bone is not present in the skeleton." I realize this means that there are two skeletons, as said in this problem: Importing 3d model with multiple skeletons I have 3DS Max, but I have no idea how to use it, and Google/CGTalk/Plycount turn up nothing relevant on how to add a root bone or combine skeletons. If anyone knows how, it would help me out greatly. Thanks.

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  • Problem with alleg42.dll / program crashes / Allegro & Codeblocks

    - by user24152
    I'm having a serious problem with allegro. The program should display random pixels on the screen and when I build and run it I get the following error message: Below is the full code of my program: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> #include "allegro.h" #define Text_Color_Red makecol(255,0,0) int main() { int ret; int color_depth = 32; int x; int y; int red; int green; int blue; int color; //init allegro allegro_init(); //install keyboard install_keyboard(); //set color depth to 32 bits set_color_depth(color_depth); //init random seed srand(time(NULL)); //init video mode to 640 x 480 ret = set_gfx_mode(GFX_AUTODETECT_WINDOWED,640,480,0,0); if(ret !=0) { allegro_message(allegro_error); return 1; } //Display string textprintf(screen,font,0,0,10,0,Text_Color_Red,"Screen Resolution is: %dx%d -- Press ESC to quit !",SCREEN_W,SCREEN_H); //display pixels until ESC key is pressed //wait for keypress while(!key[KEY_ESC]) { //set a random location x = 10 + rand() % (SCREEN_W-20); y = 10 + rand() % (SCREEN_H-20); //set a random color red = rand() % 255; green = rand() % 255; blue = rand() % 255; color = makecol(red,green,blue); //draw the pixel putpixel(screen, x, y, color); } //quit allegro allegro_exit(); } END_OF_MAIN() Error message: AllegroPixels1.exe has encountered a problem and needs to close. We are sorry for the inconvenience. Error signature: AppName: allegropixels1.exe AppVer: 0.0.0.0 ModName: alleg42.dll ModVer: 4.2.3.0 Offset: 0006c05c I am using Windows XP inside a virtual machine under Parallels 7.0

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  • swf file not playing aftre being published

    - by rsquare
    i am trying to run the 'connector' example that comes bundled with smartfoxserver2x downloads..there it connects to the server and loads the correct configuration file. when i run it in adobe flash professional 5,it runs correctly and connects to the server but after being published as SWF movie,it doesnt work.it loads the configuration file but cant connect and gives error connection failure..ERROR 2048 this is the example i am talking about. http://docs2x.smartfoxserver.com/ExamplesFlash/connector

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  • How do I improve terrain rendering batch counts using DirectX?

    - by gamer747
    We have determined that our terrain rendering system needs some work to minimize the number of batches being transferred to the GPU in order to improve performance. I'm looking for suggestions on how best to improve what we're trying to accomplish. We logically split our terrain mesh into smaller grid cells which are 32x32 world units. Each cell has meta data that dictates the four 256x256 textures that are used for spatting along with the alpha blend data, shadow, and light mappings. Each cell contains 81 vertices in a 9x9 grid. Presently, we examine each cell and determine the four textures that are being used to spat the cell. We combine that geometry with any other cell that perhaps uses the same four textures regardless of spat order. If the spat order for a cell differs, the blend map is adjusted so that the spat order is maintained the same as other like cells and blending happens in the right order too. But even with this batching approach, it isn't uncommon when looking out across an area of open terrain to have between 1200-1700 batch count depending upon how frequently textures differ or have different texture blends are between cells. We are only doing frustum culling presently. So using texture spatting, are there other alternatives that can reduce the batch count and allow rendering to be extremely performance-friendly even under DirectX9c? We considered using texture atlases since we're targeting DirectX 9c & older OpenGL platforms but trying to repeat textures using atlases and shaders result in seam artifacts which we haven't been able to eliminate with the exception of disabling mipmapping. Disabling mipmapping results in poor quality textures from a distance. How have others batched together terrain geometry such that one could spat terrain using various textures, minimizing batch count and texture state switches so that rendering performance isn't negatively impacted?

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  • Can DrawIndexedPrimitives() be used for drawing a loaded model mesh-wise?

    - by Afzal
    I am using DrawIndexedPrimitives() for drawing a loaded 3D model by drawing each mesh part, but this process makes my application very slow. This is perhaps because of a very large number of vertex/index buffer data created in video memory. That is why I am looking for a way to use the same method for each model mesh instead. The problem is that I don't know how I will set the textures of that mesh. Can anyone offer me some guidance?

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  • Colored Collision Detection

    - by tugrul büyükisik
    Several years ago, i made a fast collision detection for 2D, it was just checking a bullets front-pixel's color to check if it were to hit something. Lets say the target rgb color is (124,200,255) then it just checks for that color. After the collision detection, it paints the target with appropriate picture. So, collision detection is made in background without drawing but then painted and drawed. How can i do this in 3D? Because, a vertex is not just exist like a 2D picture's pixel. I looked at some java3D and other programs and understood that 3D world is made of objects. Not just pictures. Is there a program that truly fills the world with vertices ? But it could be needing terabytes of ram even more. Do you know an easy way to interpolate the color of a vertex in java3D or similar program? Note: for a rgb color-identifier, i can make 255*255*255 different 2D objects in background.

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  • OpenGL - Rendering from part of an index and vertex array depending on an element count

    - by user1423893
    I'm currently drawing my shapes as lines by using a VAO and then assigning the dynamic vertices and indices each frame. // Bind VAO glBindVertexArray(m_vao); // Update the vertex buffer with the new data (Copy data into the vertex buffer object) glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, numVertices * sizeof(VertexPosition), m_vertices.data(), GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW); // Update the index buffer with the new data (Copy data into the index buffer object) glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, numIndices * sizeof(unsigned short), indices.data(), GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW); glDrawElements(GL_LINES, numIndices, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, BUFFER_OFFSET(0)); // Unbind VAO glBindVertexArray(0); What I would like to do is draw the lines using only part of the data stored in the index and vertex buffer objects. The vertex buffer has its vertices set from an array of defined maximum size: std::array<VertexPosition, maxVertices> m_vertices; The index buffer has its elements set from an array of defined maximum size: std::array<unsigned short, maxIndices> indices = { 0 }; A running total is kept of the number of vertices and indices needed for each draw call numVertices numIndices Can I not specify that the buffer data contain the entire array and only read from part of it when drawing? For example using the vertex buffer object glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, numVertices * sizeof(VertexPosition), m_vertices.data(), GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW); m_vertices.data() = Entire array is stored numVertices * sizeof(VertexPosition) = Amount of data to read from the entire array Is this not the correct way to approach this? I do not wish to use std::vector if possible.

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  • Good resources for learning about graphics hardware

    - by Ken
    I'm looking for some good learning resources for graphics hardware (and associated low level software). Basically I want to learn more about what goes on underneath the opengl/direcx API layers in terms of how things are implemented. I familiar with what happens in principle during the various stages of the rendering pipeline (viewing, projection, clipping, rasterization etc). My goal is to be able to make better and more informed decisions about tradeoffs and potential optimisations when graphics/shader programming with respect to the following kinds of issues; batching view culling occlusions draw order avoiding state changes triangles vs pointsprites texture sampling etc Basically whatever the graphics programmer needs to know about modern graphics hardware in order to become more effective. I'm not really looking for specific optimisation techniques, rather I need more general knowledge so that I will naturally write more efficient code.

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  • 3D physics engine for accurate collision handling on desktop/laptop computers (non-console)

    - by Georges Oates Larsen
    What are your suggestions for a physics engine that satisfies the following criteria? Capable of calculating collisions between multiple concave mesh-based colliders Handles many collisions going on at once (for instance one mesh being wedged between two others, which themselves may be wedged between two meshes) Does not allow for collider passthrough, even at high speeds. For instance, if I am applying force to a programmatically hinged object that makes it spin, I do not want it to pass through another rigidbody that it collides with while spinning. I have this problem using PhysX As implied before, reacts well to hinged objects, preferably has its own implementation of a hinge, but I am willing to program my own. The important part is that it has some sort of interface that guarantees accurate collision tracking even when dealing with these things Platform independent -- runs on mac as well as PC, also not tied down to specific graphics cards I think that's the best way to explain what I am looking for. Basically, I need SUPER reliable collisions. Something that can't be accomplished with a simple ray casting approach that sends a ray from the last position of the object to the current position (as this object may be potentially large and colliding with small objects via rotation) Bonus points for also including an OPEN SOURCE engine.

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  • Correcting Lighting in Stencil Reflections

    - by Reanimation
    I'm just playing around with OpenGL seeing how different methods of making shadows and reflections work. I've been following this tutorial which describes using GLUT_STENCIL's and MASK's to create a reasonable interpretation of a reflection. Following that and a bit of tweaking to get things to work, I've come up with the code below. Unfortunately, the lighting isn't correct when the reflection is created. glPushMatrix(); plane(); //draw plane that reflection appears on glColorMask(GL_FALSE, GL_FALSE, GL_FALSE, GL_FALSE); glDepthMask(GL_FALSE); glEnable(GL_STENCIL_TEST); glStencilFunc(GL_ALWAYS, 1, 0xFFFFFFFF); glStencilOp(GL_REPLACE, GL_REPLACE, GL_REPLACE); plane(); //draw plane that acts as clipping area for reflection glColorMask(GL_TRUE, GL_TRUE, GL_TRUE, GL_TRUE); glDepthMask(GL_TRUE); glStencilFunc(GL_EQUAL, 1, 0xFFFFFFFF); glStencilOp(GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP); glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glPushMatrix(); glScalef(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); glTranslatef(0,2,0); glRotatef(180,0,1,0); sphere(radius, spherePos); //draw object that you want to have a reflection glPopMatrix(); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDisable(GL_STENCIL_TEST); sphere(radius, spherePos); //draw object that creates reflection glPopMatrix(); It looked really cool to start with, then I noticed that the light in the reflection isn't correct. I'm not sure that it's even a simple fix because effectively the reflection is also a sphere but I thought I'd ask here none-the-less. I've tried various rotations (seen above the first time the sphere is drawn) but it doesn't seem to work. I figure it needs to rotate around the Y and Z axis but that's not correct. Have I implemented the rotation wrong or is there a way to correct the lighting?

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