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  • NPOT texture and video memory usage

    - by Eonil
    I read in this QA that NPOT will take memory as much as next POT sized texture. It means it doesn't give any benefit than POT texture with proper management. (maybe even worse because NPOT should be slower!) Is this true? Does NPOT texture take and waste same memory like POT texture? I am considering NPOT texture for post-processing, so if it doesn't give memory space benefit, using of NPOT texture is meaningless to me. Maybe answer can be different for each platforms. I am targeting mobile devices. Such as iPhone or Androids. Does NPOT texture takes same amount of memory on mobile GPUs?

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  • Why do consoles have so little memory compared to classic computers?

    - by jokoon
    I remember the Playstation having 2MB ram and 1MB graphic memory. The Playstation 3 now has only 256MB ram and 256MB graphic memory, and I'm sure that the day the console was released, even laptop's "standard" capacity was at least 1GB. So why do they put so little memory in their machines, while developers would benefit a lot by having more ? Or is the memory that much faster than desktops and thus more expensive ? Or is it not that much worth it for developers ? What are the Sony/XBox/Nintendo engineers thinking that seems to be the same reason ?

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  • What are the steps taken by this GLSL code?

    - by user827992
    1 void main(void) 2 { 3 vec2 pos = mod(gl_FragCoord.xy, vec2(50.0)) - vec2(25.0); 4 float dist_squared = dot(pos, pos); 5 6 gl_FragColor = (dist_squared < 400.0) 7 ? vec4(.90, .90, .90, 1.0) 8 : vec4(.20, .20, .40, 1.0); 9 } taken from http://people.freedesktop.org/~idr/OpenGL_tutorials/03-fragment-intro.html Now, this looks really trivial and simple, but my problem is with the mod function. This function is taking 2 vec2 as inputs but is supposed to take just 2 atomic arguments according to the official documentation, also this function makes an implicit use of the floor function that only accepts, again, 1 atomic argument. Can someone explain this to me step by step and point out what I'm not getting here? It's some kind of OpenGL trick? OpenGL Math trick? in the GLSL docs i always find and explicit reference to the type accepted by the function and vec2 it's not there.

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  • Problem trying to lock framerate at 60 FPS

    - by shad0w
    I've written a simple class to limit the framerate of my current project. But it does not work as it should. Here is the code: void FpsCounter::Process() { deltaTime = static_cast<double>(frameTimer.GetMsecs()); waitTime = 1000.0/fpsLimit - deltaTime; frameTimer.Reset(); if(waitTime <= 0) { std::cout << "error, waittime: " << waitTime << std::endl; } else { SDL_Delay(static_cast<Uint32>(waitTime)); } if(deltaTime == 0) { currFps = -1; } else { currFps = 1000/deltaTime; } std::cout << "--Timings--" << std::endl; std::cout << "Delta: \t" << deltaTime << std::endl; std::cout << "Delay: \t" << waitTime << std::endl; std::cout << "FPS: \t" << currFps << std::endl; std::cout << "-- --" << std::endl; } Timer::Timer() { startMsecs = 0; } Timer::~Timer() { // TODO Auto-generated destructor stub } void Timer::Start() { started = true; paused = false; Reset(); } void Timer::Pause() { if(started && !paused) { paused = true; pausedMsecs = SDL_GetTicks() - startMsecs; } } void Timer::Resume() { if(paused) { paused = false; startMsecs = SDL_GetTicks() - pausedMsecs; pausedMsecs = 0; } } int Timer::GetMsecs() { if(started) { if(paused) { return pausedMsecs; } else { return SDL_GetTicks() - startMsecs; } } return 0; } void Timer::Reset() { startMsecs = SDL_GetTicks(); } The "FpsCounter::Process()" Method is called everytime at the end of my gameloop. I've got the problem that the loop is correctly delayed only every second frame, so it runs one frame delayed at 60 FPS and the next without delay at over 1000 fps. I am searching the error quite a while now, but I do not find it. I hope somebody can point me in the right direction.

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  • C++ Directx 11 D3DXVECTOR3 doesn't allow me to devide it

    - by Miguel P
    If i have a simple vector3 like this: D3DXVECTOR3 inversevector = D3DXVECTOR3( (pos+lookat_pos)); It works perfect! But let's say i wanted to multiply it by: Speed*(float) timeHandler.GetDelta() So: D3DXVECTOR3 inversevector = D3DXVECTOR3( (pos+lookat_pos) * Speed*(float) timeHandler.GetDelta()); Now this fails completely, i've used this snippet before, but for some wierd reason it simply won't work( The vector somehow leads x,y,z to 0 or almost, no idea why). Do you have any idea why?

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  • Learning C++ but wanting to develop iOS Apps

    - by DiscreteGenius
    I'm a computer engineering student and taking my second programming class. I'm learning C++ using "C++ Primer Plus" 5th edition by Prata. I want to develop for iOS. I understand the main language for Xcode is Objective-C. Am I hurting myself by learning C++ before any other language (notably before my desired lang Objective-C)? There's got to be a reason the university requires C++ to learn as a basis language. Please offer any helpful guidance or how I should go about this. Thanks//

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  • how to use string::find to look for a word rather each character seperately

    - by RubyKing
    Hello how would I look through a string for a word rather then each character in that word. I have my code here and it always seems to find everything that is .obj even if its o or b or j or "." is there anyway to get passed this here is my code? I checked the docuementation here link but nothing returned any results I craved so hard string &str = *it; if(it->find(".obj")) { cout << "Found .Obj" << endl; } I also tried to use string::compare but that failed :(

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  • Make Gameobject Stand On Surface Facing Certain Direction

    - by Julian
    I want to make a biped character stand on any surface I click on. Surfaces have up vectors of any of positive or negative X,Y,Z. So imagine a cube with each face being a gameobject whose up vector pointing directly away from the cube. If my character is facing "forward" and I click on a surface which is to the left or right of me ( left or right walls), I want my character to now be standing on that surface but still be facing in the direction he initially was. If I click on a wall which is in the forward path of my character i want him to now be standing on that surface and his forward to now be what was once "up" relative to my character. Here is the code I am working with now. void Update() { if (Input.GetMouseButtonUp (0)) { RaycastHit hit; var ray = Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition); if (Physics.Raycast(ray, out hit)) { Vector3 upVectBefore = transform.up; Vector3 forwardVectBefore = transform.forward; Quaternion rotationVectBefore = transform.rotation; Vector3 hitPosition = hit.transform.position; transform.position = hitPosition; float lookDifference = Vector3.Distance(hit.transform.up, forwardVectBefore); if(Vector3.Distance(hit.transform.up, upVectBefore) < .23) //Same normal { transform.rotation = rotationVectBefore; } else if(lookDifference > 1.412 && lookDifference <= 1.70607) //side wall { transform.up = hit.transform.up; transform.forward = forwardVectBefore; } else //head on wall { transform.up = hit.transform.up; transform.forward = upVectBefore; } } } } The first case "Same normal" works fine, however the other two do not work as I would like them to. Sometimes my character is laying down on the surface or on the wrong side of the surface. Does anyone know nice way of solving this problem?

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  • Making a clone of Starcraft legal?

    - by user782220
    My question is similar to a previous question. Consider the following clone of Starcraft: Change the artwork, sound, music, change the names of units. However, leave the unit hit points unchanged, unit damage unchanged, unit movement speed unchanged, change ability names but not ability effects. Is that considered illegal? In other words, is copying the unit hit points, damage, etc. considered illegal even if everything else is changed?

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  • Tiled perlin/value noise texture with (2^n)+1 size

    - by tobi
    Actually what I have in mind is value noise I think, but what I am going to ask applies to both of them. It is known that if you want to produce tiled texture by using the perlin/value noise, the size of the texture should be specified as the power of 2 (2^n). Without any modifications to the algorithm when you use the size of (2^n)+1 the texture cannot be tiled anymore, so I am wondering whether it is possible (by modifying the algorithm somehow) to generate such tiling texture with the size of (2^n)+1. The article (from which I have my implementation) is here: http://devmag.org.za/2009/04/25/perlin-noise/ I am aware that I can produce texture with 2^n size and just copy twice the last column/row from the ends to make it (2^n)+1, but I don't want to, because such repetitions are visible too much.

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  • Dynamic content realoding

    - by Kikaimaru
    Is there a relatively simple way to dynamicaly reload content files? (ie: effect files) I know i can do following: Detect change of file Run content pipeline to rebuild that specific file Unload ALL content that was loaded Load All content And use double references to reference content files. Problem is with step 3 (and step 2 isn't that nice too). But i need to unload everything because if i have model Hero.x which references Model.fx effect, and i change Model.fx file, i need to reload Hero.x file which will then call LoadExternalReference on Model.fx. So I guess question is, did someone mange to make this work without rewriting whole ContentManager (and every ContentReader) and tracking calls to LoadExternalReference?

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  • how to organize rendering

    - by Irbis
    I use a deferred rendering. During g-buffer stage my rendering loop for a sponza model (obj format) looks like this: int i = 0; int sum = 0; map<string, mtlItem *>::const_iterator itrEnd = mtl.getIteratorEnd(); for(map<string, mtlItem *>::const_iterator itr = mtl.getIteratorBegin(); itr != itrEnd; ++itr) { glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + 0); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, itr->second->map_KdId); glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, indicesCount[i], GL_UNSIGNED_INT, (GLvoid*)(sum * 4)); sum += indicesCount[i]; ++i; glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); } I sorted faces based on materials. I switch only a diffuse texture but I can place there more material properties. Is it a good approach ? I also wonder how to handle a different kind of materials, for example: some material use a normal map, other doesn't use. Should I have a different shaders for them ?

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  • Why are my scene's depth values not being written to my DepthStencilView?

    - by dotminic
    I'm rendering to a depth map in order to use it as a shader resource view, but when I sample the depth map in my shader, the red component has a value of 1 while all other channels have a value of 0. The Texture2D I use to create the DepthStencilView is bound with the D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL | D3D11_BIND_SHADER_RESOURCE flags, the DepthStencilView has the DXGI_FORMAT_D32_FLOAT format, and the ShaderResourceView's format is D3D11_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D. I'm setting the depth map render target, then i'm drawing my scene, and once that is done, I'm the back buffer render target and depth stencil are set on the output merger, and I'm using the depth map shader resource view as a texture in my shader, but the depth value in the red channel is constantly 1. I'm not getting any runtime errors from D3D, and no compile time warning or anything. I'm not sure what I'm missing here at all. I have the impression the depth value is always being set to 1. I have not set any depth/stencil states, and AFAICT depth writing is enabled by default. The geometry is being rendered correctly so I'm pretty sure depth writing is enabled. The device is created with the appropriate debug flags; #if defined(DEBUG) || defined(_DEBUG) deviceFlags |= D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG | D3D11_RLDO_DETAIL; #endif This is how I create my depth map. I've omitted error checking for the sake of brevity D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC td; td.Width = width; td.Height = height; td.MipLevels = 1; td.ArraySize = 1; td.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R32_TYPELESS; td.SampleDesc.Count = 1; td.SampleDesc.Quality = 0; td.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; td.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL | D3D11_BIND_SHADER_RESOURCE; td.CPUAccessFlags = 0; td.MiscFlags = 0; _device->CreateTexture2D(&texDesc, 0, &this->_depthMap); D3D11_DEPTH_STENCIL_VIEW_DESC dsvd; ZeroMemory(&dsvd, sizeof(dsvd)); dsvd.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D32_FLOAT; dsvd.ViewDimension = D3D11_DSV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D; dsvd.Texture2D.MipSlice = 0; _device->CreateDepthStencilView(this->_depthMap, &dsvd, &this->_dmapDSV); D3D11_SHADER_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC srvd; srvd.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT; srvd.ViewDimension = D3D11_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D; srvd.Texture2D.MipLevels = texDesc.MipLevels; srvd.Texture2D.MostDetailedMip = 0; _device->CreateShaderResourceView(this->_depthMap, &srvd, &this->_dmapSRV);

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  • Rotation angle based on touch move

    - by Siddharth
    I want to rotate my stick based on the movement of the touch on the screen. From my calculation I did not able to find correct angle in degree. So please provide guidance, my code snippet for that are below. if (pSceneTouchEvent.isActionMove()) { pValueX = pSceneTouchEvent.getX(); pValueY = CAMERA_HEIGHT - pSceneTouchEvent.getY(); rotationAngle = (float) Math.atan2(pValueX, pValueY); stick.setRotation((float) MathUtils.radToDeg(rotationAngle)); }

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  • Are these non-standard applications of rendering practical in games?

    - by maul
    I've recently got into 3D and I came up with a few different "tricky" rendering techniques. Unfortunately I don't have the time to work on this myself, but I'd like to know if these are known methods and if they can be used in practice. Hybrid rendering Now I know that ray-tracing is still not fast enough for real-time rendering, at least on home computers. I also know that hybrid rendering (a combination of rasterization and ray-tracing) is a well known theory. However I had the following idea: one could separate a scene into "important" and "not important" objects. First you render the "not important" objects using traditional rasterization. In this pass you also render the "important" objects using a special shader that simply marks these parts on the image using a special color, or some stencil/depth buffer trickery. Then in the second pass you read back the results of the first pass and start ray tracing, but only from the pixels that were marked by the "important" object's shader. This would allow you to only ray-trace exactly what you need to. Could this be fast enough for real-time effects? Rendered physics I'm specifically talking about bullet physics - intersection of a very small object (point/bullet) that travels across a straight line with other, relatively slow-moving, fairly constant objects. More specifically: hit detection. My idea is that you could render the scene from the point of view of the gun (or the bullet). Every object in the scene would draw a different color. You only need to render a 1x1 pixel window - the center of the screen (again, from the gun's point of view). Then you simply check that central pixel and the color tells you what you hit. This is pixel-perfect hit detection based on the graphical representation of objects, which is not common in games. Afaik traditional OpenGL "picking" is a similar method. This could be extended in a few ways: For larger (non-bullet) objects you render a larger portion of the screen. If you put a special-colored plane in the middle of the scene (exactly where the bullet will be after the current frame) you get a method that works as the traditional slow-moving iterative physics test as well. You could simulate objects that the bullet can pass through (with decreased velocity) using alpha blending or some similar trick. So are these techniques in use anywhere, and/or are they practical at all?

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  • Multiplication for MVP matrices: Any benefits to doing so within the vertex shader?

    - by Nick Wiggill
    I'd like to understand under what circumstances (if any) it is worth doing MVP matrix multiplication inside a vertex shader. The vertex shader is run once per vertex, and a single mesh typically contains many vertices. All MVP inputs remain the same for each vertex in the vertex batch relating to a given draw call (model). Surely then, you're always better off keeping the multiplications in the client code, such that you pass in the whole MVP precalculated as a uniform? (avoiding redundant ops between individual vertices)

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  • Does Windows 8 still support DirectX 9?

    - by SullY
    Is Windows 8 supporting DirectX 9? Because I was looking through some samples written in C++ and DirectX 9 made for Windows 8. It wasn't that, like I know it ( look here http://directxtutorial.com/Lesson.aspx?lessonid=111-4-2 ). E.g. Inizialising DirectX with COM: ComPtr<ID3D11Device1> dev; ComPtr<ID3D11DeviceContext1> devcon; It's just weird because I know it with the old way: ID3D11Device *dev; ID3D11DeviceContext *devcon; ( I hope you understand what I want to tell ) I hope it hasn't change completely due the released their new OS.

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  • Collision detection - player gets stuck in platform when jumping

    - by Sun
    So I'm having some problems with my collision detection with my platformer. Take the image below as an example. When I'm running right I am unable to go through the platform, but when I hold my right key and jump, I end up going through the object as shown in the image, below is the code im using: if(shapePlatform.intersects(player.getCollisionShape())){ Vector2f vectorSide = new Vector2f(shapePlatform.getCenter()[0] - player.getCollisionShape().getCenter()[0], shapePlatform.getCenter()[1] - player.getCollisionShape().getCenter()[1]); player.setVerticleSpeed(0f); player.setJumping(false); if(vectorSide.x > 0 && !(vectorSide.y > 0)){ player.getPosition().set(player.getPosition().x-3, player.getPosition().y); }else if(vectorSide.y > 0){ player.getPosition().set(player.getPosition().x, player.getPosition().y); }else if(vectorSide.x < 0 && !(vectorSide.y > 0)){ player.getPosition().set(player.getPosition().x+3, player.getPosition().y); } } I'm basically getting the difference between the centre of the player and the centre of the colliding platform to determine which side the player is colliding with. When my player jumps and walks right on the platform he goes right through. The same can also be observed when I jump on the actual platform, should I be resetting the players y in this situation?

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  • Splitting Pygame functionality between classes or modules?

    - by sec_goat
    I am attempting to make my pygame application more modular so that different functionalities are split up into different classes and modules. I am having some trouble getting pygame to allow me to draw or load images in secondary classes when the display has been set and pygame.init() has been done in my main class. I have typically used C# and XNA to accomplish this sort of behavior, but this time I need to use python. How do I init pygame in class1, then create an instance of class2 which loads and converts() images. I have tried pygame.init() in class 2 but then it tells me no display mode has been set, when it has been set in class1. I am under the impression i do not wnat to create multiple pygame.displays as that gets problematic I am probably missing something pythonic and simple but I am not sure what. How do I create a Display class, init python and then have other modules do my work like loading images, fonts etc.? here is the simplest version of what I am doing: class1: def __init__(self): self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600,400)) self.imageLoader = class2() class2: def __init__(self): self.images = ['list of images'] def load_images(): self.images = os.listdir('./images/') #get all images in the images directory for img in self.images: #read all images in the directory and load them into pygame new_img = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('images', img)).convert() scale_img = pygame.transform.scale(new_img, (pygame.display.Info().current_w, pygame.display.Info().current_h)) self.images.append(scale_img) if __name__ == "__main__": c1 = class1() c1.imageLoader.load_images() Of course when it tries to load an convert the images it tells me pygame has not been initialized, so i throw in a pygame.init() in class2 ( i have heard it is safe to init multiple times) and then the error goes to pygame.error: No video mode has been set

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  • Drawing flaming letters in 3d on OpenGL ES 2.0

    - by Chiquis
    I am a bit confused about how to achieve this. What i want is to "draw with flames". I have achieved this with textures successfully, but now my concern is about doing this with particles to achieve the flaming effect. Am I supposed to have a Path in where i should add many particle emitters along the path that will "be emitting flames"? I understand the concept for 2d, but for 3d are the particles (that are quads) always supposed to be facing the user? Edit: Something else im worried about is the performance hit that will occur by having that many particle emitters, because there can be many letters and drawings at the same time. And each of these elements will have many particle emitters.

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  • Changes to myApp.js files are reverted back to normal when the project is build - Cocos2dx

    - by Mansoor
    I am trying to do some changes to my myApp.js file of coco2dx project for android in eclipse but I am not able to do it. I am actually trying to change the default background image of my app. But when I run my project all the changes goes back to before values For Eg: This is the default line wer we are setting our background image this.sprite = cc.Sprite.create("res/HelloWorld.png"); I am changing it to the following line: this.sprite = cc.Sprite.create("res/CloseNormal.png"); But when I run my project CloseNormal.png goes back to HelloWorld.png I am using: OS: Win7 Cocos2d Ver: cocos2dx 2.2.2 Why is this happening. Can anybody help me?

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  • UDK : UTWeap_RocketLauncher gift CreateInventory: Any idea why this does not work properly?

    - by John Sloan
    I am giving the player an instanced class of UTWeap_RocketLauncher in an instance of UTGame. PlayerPawn.CreateInventory(class'FobikRocketLauncher',false); // Does not work PlayerPawn.CreateInventory(class'FobikLinkGun',false); // Works Even if I give the original class (eg. UTWeap_RocketLauncher) it does not actually show up. However if I do a "GiveWeapons" cheat, I get it just fine. It also works if I had code it into the map. - But UTWeap_LinkGun works fine either way. Any ideas? It shows the default ammo amount, and the icon on the HUD.

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  • XNA Sprite Clipping Incorrectly During Rotation

    - by user1226947
    I'm having a bit of trouble getting my sprites in XNA to draw. Seemingly if you use SpriteBatch to draw then XNA will not draw it if for example (mPosition.X + mSpriteTexture.Width < 0) as it assumes it is offscreen. However, it seems to make this decision before it applies a rotation. This rotation can mean that even though (mPosition.X + mSpriteTexture.Width < 0), some of the sprite is still visible on screen. My question is, is there a way to get it to draw further outside the viewport or temporarily disable sprite clipping during a certain spriteBatch.draw(...)? sb.Draw(mSpriteTexture, mPosition, new Rectangle(0, 0, mSpriteTexture.Width, mSpriteTexture.Height), Color.White, Globals.VectorToAngle(mOrientation), new Vector2(halfWidth, halfHeight), scale, SpriteEffects.None, 0);

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  • Cheap ways to do scaling ops in shader?

    - by Nick Wiggill
    I've got an extensive world terrain that uses vec3 for the vertex position attribute. That's good, because the terrain has endless gradations due to the use of floating point. But I'm thinking about how to reduce the amount of data uploaded to the GPU. For my terrain, which uses discrete / grid-based vertex positions in x and z, it's pretty clear that I can replace my vec3s (floats, really) with shorts, halving the per-vertex position attribute cost from 12 bytes each to 6 bytes. Considering I've got little enough other vertex data, and an enormous amount of terrain data to push into the world, it's a major gain. Currently in my code, one unit in GLSL shaders is equal to 1m in the world. I like that scale. If I move over to using shorts, though, I won't be able to use the same scale, as I would then have a very blocky world where every step in height is an entire metre. So I see these potential solutions to scale the positional data correctly once it arrives at the vertex shader stage: Use 10:1 scaling, i.e. 1 short unit = 1 decimetre in CPU-side code. Do a division by 10 in the vertex shader to scale incoming decimetre values back to metres. Arbirary (non-PoT) divisions tend to be slow, however. Use (some-power-of-two):1 scaling (eg. 8:1), which enables the use of a bitshift (eg. val >> 3) to do the division... not sure how performant this is in shaders, though. Not as intuitive to read values, but possibly quite a bit faster than div by a non-PoT value. Use a texture as lookup table. I've heard that this is really fast. Or whatever solutions others can offer to achieve the same results -- minimal vertex data with sensible scaling.

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  • How can I get textures on edge of walls like in Super Metroid and Aquaria?

    - by meds
    Games like Super Metroid and Aquaria present the terrain with the other facing parts having rocks and stuff while deeper behind them (i.e. underground) there's different detail or just black. I would like to do something similar using polygons. Terrain is created in my current level as a set of overlapping square boxes. I'm not sure if this rendering method will work such a system for creating terrain but if anyone has ideas I'd love to hear them. Otherwise I'd like to know how I should re-write the terrain rendering system so it actually works to draw terrain in this manner...

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