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• RAID10 without write-back cache = horrible write performance?

  - by Harry Mexican

  I have just provisioned a dedicated server on singlehop. I'm running it through some tests to know what to expect performance-wise. On the I/O side (with 4 1TB disks in RAID 10) I get: write-cache disabled 200 MB/s read throughput 30 MB/s write throughput I thought that was really low compared to my desktop HD which gets 150-150 or so. So I had a chat with them and they suggested enabling the write cache. New results: write-cache enabled 280 MB/s read 260 MB/s write which is great and all but means I'd have to add a BBU for an additional monthly cost. Is it normal for the write throughput to be 1/4 of a regular drive on RAID10, if you don't have write cache? It almost feels like its intentionally bad to force you to pony up for the BBU. I'd be happy with normal non-raid performance of 150/150.

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• Why can't add a hot spare in freebsd? Can anybody help me fix it?

  - by hamlet

  Why can't add a hot spare? Can anybody help me fix it? mfiutil add e1:s1 mfid0 mfiutil: Drive 1 is not available My mfi status:: mfiutil show config mfi0 Configuration: 1 arrays, 1 volumes, 0 spares array 0 of 2 drives: drive 0 ( 137G) ONLINE <HITACHI HUS153014VLS300 A410 serial=JFWHSB4C> SAS enclosure 1, slot 0 drive 1 ( 137G) ONLINE <HITACHI HUS153014VLS300 A410 serial=JFWJ3AEC> SAS enclosure 1, slot 1 volume mfid0 (136G) RAID-1 64K OPTIMAL spans: array 0 mfiutil show events 1468 (boot + 25s/BATTERY/WARN) - Battery removed 1475 (boot + 52s/DRIVE/WARN) - PD 00(e1/s0) is not a certified drive 1478 (boot + 52s/DRIVE/WARN) - PD 01(e1/s1) is not a certified drive 1480 (boot + 64s/BATTERY/WARN) - BBU disabled; changing WB virtual disks to WT mfiutil show volumes mfi0 Volumes: Id Size Level Stripe State Cache Name mfid0 ( 136G) RAID-1 64K OPTIMAL Disabled

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• S.M.A.R.T - Predictive Failure Count

  - by Bastien974

  I'm monitoring my IBM ServeRAID M5015 controller for RAID status with MegaCLI, I have this on one of the disk : Enclosure Device ID: 252 Slot Number: 6 Enclosure position: 0 Device Id: 14 Sequence Number: 2 Media Error Count: 32 Other Error Count: 0 Predictive Failure Count: 18 Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 8119 PD Type: SAS Raw Size: 279.396 GB [0x22ecb25c Sectors] Non Coerced Size: 278.896 GB [0x22dcb25c Sectors] Coerced Size: 278.464 GB [0x22cee000 Sectors] Firmware state: Online, Spun Up SAS Address(0): 0x5000c50042c319c9 SAS Address(1): 0x0 Connected Port Number: 5(path0) Inquiry Data: IBM-ESXSST9300653SS B6336XN04HC10525B633 IBM FRU/CRU: 81Y9671 FDE Capable: Not Capable FDE Enable: Disable Secured: Unsecured Locked: Unlocked Needs EKM Attention: No Foreign State: None Device Speed: 6.0Gb/s Link Speed: 6.0Gb/s Media Type: Hard Disk Device Drive: Not Certified Drive Temperature :33 Celsius What does this mean exactly ? I can't find an exact description, is there a way to have more details ? The RAID array has the Optimal state. Media Error Count: 32 Predictive Failure Count: 18 Is there a way through the CLI to power-on the front LED so I physically know which disk I need to replace ?

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• Dell poweredge 1850's - wont install os

  - by user1326789

  I have 3 of these dell 1850 rack servers. 1 has 3GB RAM and 2 73GB HDD's. 2 have 6GB RAM and each of them has 2 73GB HDD's. I am currently trying to install an os on them but when i boot with windows xp setup, it gives me an error saying no partition found. Now i have set these drives up in RAID on the server and i put them "online" so it should be working fine but they're not. Please assist me in installing an operating system on these, i have no clue as to if it's the BIOS or the RAID controller within it. Thanks in advance, -Matt.

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• Accessing multiple local HD's or RAID with ESXi 4.0

  - by Shawn Anderson

  How to I get additional HD's to be recognized and used by ESXi 4.0. When I purchased my system I had two 2TB HD's, but when I installed ESXi it only recognized one of them. I'm happy to get whatever number of drives that I need (I have a four bay SATA in my Dell T310). What are some options? RAID? If so, is it supported. I guess I would need hardware instead of software since ESXi is so small. The VMWare forums (where I've lived for the last two days) are a charlie foxtrot of outdated and conflicting info. I want to utilize my T310, with 32 GB RAM, 2.8GHz quad core to run many lab Windows VM's. I don't need production level availability but I do want decent performance, even though it's in a lab environment. A huge thanks to Jim B., Zypher, Helvick, and Jeff Hengesbach who posted answers to my earlier predecessor question on why ESXi was so sluggish.

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• file corruption on read/write 2.6.32-22-server (happens across many kernels)

  - by Jonathan

  Hi Guys, I'm having an issue where after the server has been up for a period of time (~week/few days) the server will start reading corrupt data. For instance when I run a sha1sum of a file after a fresh boot it remains the same. However after a while I will start to get segfaults and from then on whenever I read this file I get a different sha1sum. I've checked S.M.A.R.T with long tests and I've run an extended memtest86+(12 passes) My lspci is as follows: 00:00.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] RS780 Host Bridge 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] RS780 PCI to PCI bridge (int gfx) 00:06.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] RS780 PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 2) 00:07.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] RS780 PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 3) 00:11.0 SATA controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 SATA Controller [AHCI mode] 00:12.0 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 USB OHCI0 Controller 00:12.1 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700 USB OHCI1 Controller 00:12.2 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 USB EHCI Controller 00:13.0 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 USB OHCI0 Controller 00:13.1 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700 USB OHCI1 Controller 00:13.2 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 USB EHCI Controller 00:14.0 SMBus: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 SMBus Controller (rev 3c) 00:14.1 IDE interface: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 IDE Controller 00:14.3 ISA bridge: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 LPC host controller 00:14.4 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 PCI to PCI Bridge 00:14.5 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 USB OHCI2 Controller 00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] HyperTransport Configuration 00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Address Map 00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] DRAM Controller 00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Miscellaneous Control 00:18.4 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Link Control 01:05.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc Radeon HD 3300 Graphics 01:05.1 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc RS780 Azalia controller 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Atheros AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 PCI-E Ethernet Controller (rev b0) 03:00.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): VIA Technologies, Inc. Device 3403 I could really use some help on this, do you have any idea what could cause this? It's really frustrating me as it seems to trigger entirely randomly and will not go away until I reboot. I'm also use KVM for virtualization as well as MD for software RAID on this server and the processor is a Phenom II X4 965. I don't believe it's the software raid however as this affects files also hosted on non-raid partitions so I don't know.

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• Intel Rapid Storage Technology service always crashes

  - by Massimo

  I'm running Windows 7 x64 on a system based on an Asus Z87-Deluxe motherboard; the storage is configured for RAID mode; there is a single SSD drive for the O.S. and two 4-TB disks in a RAID 1 setup for the data. I've installed the latest version of Intel's Rapid Storage Technology drivers, 12.8.0.1016. The program complains about its service not being running, and the service is actually stopped; if I try to start it, it crashes. I've already tried reinstalling the package, but nothing changed. All the disks work correctly, but the RST program is unusable. How can I fix this?

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• What parameters to mdadm, to re-create md device with payload starting at 0x22000 position on backing storage?

  - by Adam Ryczkowski

  I try to recover from mdadm raid disaster, which happened when moving from ubuntu server 10.04 to 12.04. I know the correct order of devices from dmesg log, but given this information, I still cannot access the data. The superblocks look messy; the mdadm --examine for each disk is on this question on askubuntu By inspecting the raw contents of backing storage, I found the beginning of my data (the LUKS container in my case) at position 0x22000 relative to the beginning of the first partition in the raid. Question: What is the combination of options issued to "mdadm --create" to re-create mdadm that starts with the given offset? Bitmap size? PS. The relevant information from syslog when the system was healthy are pasted here.

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• Splitting a drive which has layout as mirrored and type as dynamic

  - by shiva

  I have a C drive/volume in my server with layout = mirror and type =dynamic and status as healthy(boot,pagefile,crashdump). I have some questions regarding this configuration: I think it is a raid configuration.Please correct me if I am wrong. I read that, mirroring is nothing but raid-1 configuration. All my software and OS is in this drive. I want my software to be in a separate drive, but I am not sure if I can create a separate drive from the above mentioned c drive. I want to know: a. If I can do it and how ?(using disk management) b. If this is a right approach ?

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• Battery backed write cache behavior upon disk change

  - by Halfgaar

  We use 3ware Inc 9650SE SATA-II RAID PCIe RAID controllers with battery backed write cache. Our spare hardware has the same controller. I was wondering; are these controllers smart enough not to sync the cache when the disks have been changed? For example, if I deploy one of those spare machines by putting in the disks of another machine and that spare machine still has pending writes, will it be smart enough not to perform those writes on the replaced array? Edit: my scenario is not really made clear, so let me give an example: server1 goes down because of power supply failure. I put the disks in server2 and start. I repair server1 I put the disks back from server2 in server1 (it's not relevant right now that in reality I would probably keep server2 running). If server1 doesn't have safeguards, it will write to the array, thinking it's simply powering up again, corrupting it.

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• fdisk (linux) partitioning raid0

  - by silverrocker

  'm trying to create partitions for a slackware instalation on my computer (beside Windows 7) just to have a nice distro running mostly for school but when I run fdisk and print the partitiontable I get the following message: Partition x does not end on cylinder boundary. (in my case x = 1, just using x to help googlers). I must say I'm using a raid card (AMCC 3ware 9500S SATA RAID Controller). Maybe this is the problem. How can I fix this without loosing any data? (I've posted this qeustion on stack overflow aswell but then people sugjested it should be moved to here, but I don't know how to move my question so I just posted it here manually (I hope that's ok))

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• HDD situation - what would be best - data and backup

  - by Sam Johnson

  I just installed W8 on an Intel 330 180 GB SSD. I have 3 1TB HDDs. 1 HDD will be external for backup. 2 HDDs are then available for my PC. I do not need 2 TB of storage, so I thought I'd set these up to be exact clones of one another, so that if one dies I have a backup in the computer to go along with my external. Is this a good set up? How best would this be accomplished? I've heard people suggest RAID but I've never done RAID, have no idea what it is, and have no idea how to set it up in my BIOS. Thanks in advance

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• Suggestions for splitting server roles amongst Hyper-V virtual servers / RAID6 or RAID10? / AppAssure

  - by Anon

  We have 2 Hyper-V hosts at present running 1 virtual server that was converted from a physical box running all roles. My plan is to split the roles over various virtual machines, upgrading to the latest software versions as I go, and use the backup server as a standby in case the main server fails. AppAssure backup software has a feature called Virtual Standby, so the VHD's can be ready to be fired up on the backup server if necessary. Off-site backups will be done via external USB drive for now. I'm just seeking some input/suggestions into how I'm planning to split the roles out amongst various virtual servers. Also, I'm curious how to setup the storage on the servers. We do not have any NAS's, SAN'S or any budget for this. What would the best RAID level be to use? I'm thinking either RAID6 (which is currently used) however I'm concerned about the write speeds, or RAID10 but again I'm worried that I can only lose 1 drive (from the same mirror) as opposed to any 2 with RAID6. I realise I have a hot swap for this, but what if a further drive fails during a rebuild? Is the write penalty of RAID6 worth the extra reliability over RAID10? Or will it be too slow with all the roles I am planning, therefore RAID10 is my only real option? The reason for the needed redundancy is I am the only technician and I'm not always on-site. Options I've considered: 1) 5 drives in RAID6 set, 200gb for host OS, rest for VM storage. 1 drive for hot swap - this is how it is currently setup 2) 4 drives in RAID10 set, 200gb for host OS, rest for VM storage. 2 drives for hot swap 3) 4 drives in RAID10 set for VM storage, 2 drives in RAID1 set for host OS. No drives for hot swap - While this is probably the best option with the amount of drives I have, I don't like the idea of having no hot swap 4) 3 drives in RAID6 set for VM storage, 2 drives in RAID1 set for host OS. 1 drive for hot swap All options give us enough storage capacity for our files, etc. We don't have any budget for extra drives or extra hot swap HD chassis for the servers. We have about 70 clients and about 150 users. MAIN SERVER Intel Xeon 5520 @ 2.27 GHz (2 processors) 16GB RAM 6 x 1TB Seagate Barracuda ES.2 Enterprise SATA drives Intel SRCSATAWB RAID controller Virtual machine workload using Hyper-V on Windows Server 2008 R2: DC01 - Active Directory Domain Controller / DNS server / Global catalog - 1GB RAM DC02 - Active Directory Domain Controller / DNS server / Global catalog - 1GB RAM Member Server - DHCP server, File server, Print server - 1GB RAM SCCM Member Server - 4GB RAM Third Party Software Member Server - A/V server, Ticketing software, etc - 4GB RAM Exchange 2007 - 4GB RAM - however we are probably migrating to a hosted solution, therefore freeing up resources BACKUP SERVER Intel Xeon E5410 @ 2.33GHz (2 processors) 16GB RAM 6 x 2TB WD RE4 SATA drives Intel SRCSASRB RAID controller Virtual machine workload using Hyper-V on Windows Server 2008 R2: AppAssure backup software - 8GB RAM

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• Reshape linux md raid5 that is already being reshaped?

  - by smammy

  I just converted my RAID1 array to a RAID5 array and added a third disk to it. I'd like to add a fourth disk without waiting fourteen hours for the first reshape to complete. I just did this: mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdf1 mdadm --grow /dev/md0 --raid-devices=3 --backup-file=/root/md0_n3.bak The entry in /proc/mdstat looks like this: md0 : active raid5 sdf1[2] sda1[0] sdb1[1] 976759936 blocks super 0.91 level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU] [>....................] reshape = 1.8% (18162944/976759936) finish=834.3min speed=19132K/sec Now I'd like to do this: mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdd1 mdadm --grow /dev/md0 --raid-devices=4 --backup-file=/root/md8_n4.bak Is this safe, or do I have to wait for the first reshape operation to complete? P.S.: I know I should have added both disks first, and then reshaped from 2 to 4 devices, but it's a little late for that.

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• FreeBSD after motherboard replacement; should I have any concerns?

  - by cc

  So after three years my motherboard (Asus M2N-0MX) has died off. As I go shopping for i's replacement tomorrow I have a concern about the data that I currently have on the drives wtihin. I'm currently running BSD 6.2, and am wondering if there would be any concern with installing a new OS on that system, would it be better to jsut install the latest BSD version, and are their any pitfalls that I should watch for to make sure I don't end up losing 750gb's of data. The setup consists of the following(to the best of my knowledge): Pioneer DVD drive 3ware RAID card four 250gb SATA drives in RAID 5 config thanks to anyone that can offer some advice, or just to confirm if I am over thinking things.

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• Areca 1880ix RAID hangs

  - by Dave

  Areca RAID controller ARC-1880ix-12 (firmware 1.50) hangs when on high load. My setup is: Chenbro 3U chassis Intel S5500BC mainboard Xeon 5603 CPU 16GB of RAM 12 Seagate SAS drives ST32000645SS (2 of them as hot spare, 10 as RAID10) Mellanox Infiniband HBA card This server is working as external infiniband storage for Xen VMs. When load is quite big Areca's firmware hangs - it becomes unreachable even from Areca's ethernet adapter. After resetting the server power it returns to normal operation. While Areca is hanged I can confirm that it is powered (ethernet link is active) and Infiniband HBA works Ok. Thanks in advance for any idea or suggestion where the problem might be!

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• iSCSI SAN RAID 10 Performance -- Poor Read, Good Write

  - by Litzner

  I have a EqualLogic PS4000 SAN unit with the latest firmware, setup in RAID 10. I have 3 2TB Volumes on the SAN shared out via iSCSI on 2 eth ports on two different subnets. I have moved a test server over to this newly setup SAN, and my testing is showing me a problem. I am getting dismal read performance in everything except a test with 32 queue depth (see attach image) Write performance seems to be right about where it should be. I have tried MPIO on and off, on was slightly better but not much.

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• end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector xxxxxxxxx

  - by muruga

  I have a IBM server. This server contains 3 hard disk with RAID 5. It was working fine earlier. Unfortunately this machine got the following error message. After that I have rebooted the systems. After that I am getting the following error message in kern.log and demsg kernel: [65896.678870] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 17430271 kernel: [69263.783957] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE,SUGGEST_OK : [69263.783957] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Hardware Error [current] kernel: [69263.783957] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Internal target failure Whether it is kernel problem or hard disk problem or Raid problem

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• Suggestions on providing HA access to an external (fibre) RAID subsystem

  - by user145198

  We are looking at upgrading our storage capacity with an external RAID subsystem that has redundant (2) fibre controllers, each controller has 4 x 8 Gbps fibre ports. I would like to make access to this storage system occur via HA Linux. Ideally I would connect 2 fibre ports from each controller into each Linux server, and then export either NFS or iSCSI via a 10 Gbe interface. I have seen plenty of references to DRBD, however all of those references tend to use block storage that is solely attached to each machine, rather than having a shared block storage device, so I am unsure if DRBD could (or should) be used in this case. Ideas?

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• Completely replacing (upgrading) a RAID 5 array of disks on an ESXi server

  - by jshin47

  I have a development server that runs several VM on ESXi 5. It has an array of disks in the RAID 5 configuration where all of the disks are currently the same size. I would like to expand storage on this box greatly, but I am not sure what the smartest way to go about this would be. My current plan is to: Turn off all VM Copy VM folders from server to another location Verify that I can mount all the VM on the new location (ie that the copy went ok) Replace all the disks with new, bigger ones Reinstall ESXi5 Copy the VM back over This seems like it might take a while to accomplish and is not terribly slick, especially since I will have to reconfigure ESXi 5, but is there a smarter alternative?

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• Setting up Ubuntu Server for hosting Java web applications

  - by Denis Hoss

  I'm trying to set up an Web Server running Ubuntu server to host some Java web applications, with MySQL running on it, an so on .. here is the tutorial I follow: perfect server ubuntu 11.10 The server configuration is: CPU S1155 INTEL Pentium G850 2.9GHz VGA 5GTs 3MB 65W MB Gigabyte GA-H77-D3H Ram 4x4Gb HDD 5x1TB Seagate (4 in RAID5 and 1 for Backup) The problem is that when I am trying to install the Server version of Ubuntu, when the installer asks me whether to activate ATA RAID Devices, and I click yes, he sees only that one, if I click no, he sees all 5 HDD's separate without any RAID, is this normal? I also tried to install the Desktop version on RAID5, but after restart, Ubuntu does't want to boot up, an underscore stands on the top of the screen. I am a newbie in servers and their configuration, in fact I am developer. I need a help from you guys.

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• Detaching EBS Volumes (in LVM) take a lot of time

  - by Cheezo

  I have an EC2 Instance(EBS Backed-root partition) with EBS volumes configured via LVM. I have formatted it as ext4 and can mount it to store data etc. Now i want take a snapshot of the root partition, hence in that case i go and detach the other non-root EBS volumes (configured in LVM). Here a regular detach does not work, and i have "force" detach almost always. Although, i another similar setup with RAID instead of LVM and there after stopping RAID, i can easily detach. The whole setup is running Ubuntu Maverick 10.10 Please assist me in the same.

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• RocketRaid gives me stuttering computer

  - by Dan

  I have a SANS DIGITAL TowerRAID TR8M-BP (with the RocketRaid 622 raid device) with 5 x SAMSUNG Spinpoint F4 HD204UI 2TB 5400 RPM SATA 3.0Gb/s harddrives in a raid 5. It connects via 2-esata cables. My drivers are up to date. When I'm writing data to the drives my computer stutters (meaning freezes for a 1/2 second every 2 seconds or so). My screen freezes, my music goes into a loop, its really annoying. I get the same thing in windows 7 as I do in linux. The only difference is it seems to happen less in linux, but occassionally linux will crash (I've never had linux crash for any other reason, so I'm assuming they have poor linux drivers and kernal mod). Any tips for how to deal with this? Thanks

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• cant recognize the path of hard drive which is not a part of an array

  - by Abhishek

  hi there, I have a problem on my server as below.. On my server i configured a raid array of 3 hard disks, in my c drive their is a web applications running on Apache Tomcat server. Now because of shortage of storage i entered a new hard disk to the server which is not a part of that raid array. Now through my web application i upload some images to new hard drive and file uploaded successfully but when through that same application, i try to retrieve those images and show on a web site i does not recognize that and dose not give any error. i try to access that drive with absolute path but it not works. Can any one help me to find the solution of this problem? Thank You in advance.

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• Raid-3 like software backup tool

  - by Chronial

  I have a lot of data (about 7 TB), stored across multiple hard-drives with varying sizes. I would like to have a backup of that data to be safe against drive failure. A RAID is not a good option for me, as I want to keep my cost low and be able to easily extend the storage capacity of my setup by buying an additional HD. I remember seeing a piece of software that generates parity data over all drives and stores that on an extra drive. That solution protects the setup from hard drive failure and works with varying drive sizes (as long as the parity drive is the biggest one). But I can’t seem to find that software again. Does anybody now what I’m talking about or have any other solution for my situation?

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