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  • Scale a game object to Bounds

    - by Spikeh
    I'm trying to scale a lot of dynamically created game objects in Unity3D to the bounds of a sphere collider, based on the size of their current mesh. Each object has a different scale and mesh size. Some are bigger than the AABB of the collider, and some are smaller. Here's the script I've written so far: private void ScaleToCollider(GameObject objectToScale, SphereCollider sphere) { var currentScale = objectToScale.transform.localScale; var currentSize = objectToScale.GetMeshHierarchyBounds().size; var targetSize = (sphere.radius * 2); var newScale = new Vector3 { x = targetSize * currentScale.x / currentSize.x, y = targetSize * currentScale.y / currentSize.y, z = targetSize * currentScale.z / currentSize.z }; Debug.Log("{0} Current scale: {1}, targetSize: {2}, currentSize: {3}, newScale: {4}, currentScale.x: {5}, currentSize.x: {6}", objectToScale.name, currentScale, targetSize, currentSize, newScale, currentScale.x, currentSize.x); //DoorDevice_meshBase Current scale: (0.1, 4.0, 3.0), targetSize: 5, currentSize: (2.9, 4.0, 1.1), newScale: (0.2, 5.0, 13.4), currentScale.x: 0.125, currentSize.x: 2.869114 //RedControlPanelForAirlock_meshBase Current scale: (1.0, 1.0, 1.0), targetSize: 5, currentSize: (0.0, 0.3, 0.2), newScale: (147.1, 16.7, 25.0), currentScale.x: 1, currentSize.x: 0.03400017 objectToScale.transform.localScale = newScale; } And the supporting extension method: public static Bounds GetMeshHierarchyBounds(this GameObject go) { var bounds = new Bounds(); // Not used, but a struct needs to be instantiated if (go.renderer != null) { bounds = go.renderer.bounds; // Make sure the parent is included Debug.Log("Found parent bounds: " + bounds); //bounds.Encapsulate(go.renderer.bounds); } foreach (var c in go.GetComponentsInChildren<MeshRenderer>()) { Debug.Log("Found {0} bounds are {1}", c.name, c.bounds); if (bounds.size == Vector3.zero) { bounds = c.bounds; } else { bounds.Encapsulate(c.bounds); } } return bounds; } After the re-scale, there doesn't seem to be any consistency to the results - some objects with completely uniform scales (x,y,z) seem to resize correctly, but others don't :| Its one of those things I've been trying to fix for so long I've lost all grasp on any of the logic :| Any help would be appreciated!

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  • How to bind std::map to Lua with LuaBind

    - by MahanGM
    Is this possible in lua to achieve? player.scripts["movement"].properties["stat"] = "stand" print (player.scripts["movement"].properties["stat"]) I've done getter method in c++ with this approach: luabind::object FakeScript::getProp() { luabind::object obj = luabind::newtable(L); for(auto i = this->properties.begin(); i != this->properties.end(); i++) { obj[i->first] = i->second; } return obj; } But I'm stuck with setter. The first line in lua code which I'm trying to set value "stand" for key "stat" is not going to work and it keep redirecting me to the getter method. Setter method only works when I drop ["stat"] from properties. I can do something like this for setter in my script: player.scripts["movement"].properties = {stat = "stand"} But this isn't what I want because I have to go through my real keys in c++ to determine which key is placed in setter argument table value. This is my map in class: std::map<std::string, std::string> properties;

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  • Hero/Character sprite size in comparison to tile size?

    - by Kid
    So I'm making this simple platformer where the Hero is 16x16 in size, but also, the tile size is 16x16. Which sounds fine right? But my game window/world is 800x416, which makes the Hero is really really tiny in comparison. This really surprised me, but given Ive never made a platformer before it is also a new discovery. Is there a rule set for scale in platformer games? I'd like to have my game window remain the size it is (800x416), cause the game involves large levels. But how big should my hero be? I hope I was clear with the question, and I appreciate any insight. Thanks

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  • Pathfinding and BSP with Box2D

    - by Amplify91
    I'm looking into implementing AI in my 2D side-scrolling platformer, and I'm looking into using algorithms such as A*. For many kinds of pathfinding, we need some sort of grid or systems of nodes or polygon areas. My problem is that I am using Box2d for physics and I am not sure how best to create a structure that my AI can use besides placing individual nodes manually (something I really want to avoid) and using some sort of steering behavior. My level design is tile-based with each tile being about half of the height/width of my main character. The tiles are not all square (some are sloped). I'd like to have a system that can see what the terrain looks like for pathfinding and also keep track of the positions of other actors such as enemies. I'd like to avoid directly placing any nodes into my level design except for possible endpoints or goals. This question is related: How do you do AI path following within a 2d physics engine like farseer/box2d?, but it doesn't specify what kind of structure I could use instead of a list of nodes. I'm looking for some kind of grid or type of BSP that I can query for algorithms like A*.

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  • Rotate around the centre of the screen

    - by Dan Scott
    I want my camera to rotate around the centre of screen and I'm not sure how to achieve that. I have a rotation in the camera but I'm not sure what its rotating around. (I think it might be rotating around the position.X of camera, not sure) If you look at these two images: http://imgur.com/E9qoAM7,5qzyhGD#0 http://imgur.com/E9qoAM7,5qzyhGD#1 The first one shows how the camera is normally, and the second shows how I want the level to look when I would rotate the camera 90 degrees left or right. My camera: public class Camera { private Matrix transform; public Matrix Transform { get { return transform; } } private Vector2 position; public Vector2 Position { get { return position; } set { position = value; } } private float rotation; public float Rotation { get { return rotation; } set { rotation = value; } } private Viewport viewPort; public Camera(Viewport newView) { viewPort = newView; } public void Update(Player player) { position.X = player.PlayerPos.X + (player.PlayerRect.Width / 2) - viewPort.Width / 4; if (position.X < 0) position.X = 0; transform = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-position, 0)) * Matrix.CreateRotationZ(Rotation); if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.D)) { rotation += 0.01f; } if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.A)) { rotation -= 0.01f; } } } (I'm assuming you would need to rotate around the centre of the screen to achieve this)

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  • Producing a smooth mesh from density cloud and marching cubes

    - by Wardy
    Based on my results from this question I decided to build myself a 3D noise map containing float values in place of my existing boolean point values. The effect I'm trying to produce is something like this, rather than typical rolling hills; which should explain the "missing cubes" in the image below. If I render my density map in normal "minecraft mode" (1 block per point in the density map) varying the size of the cube based on the value in my density map (floats in the range 0 to 1) I get something like this: I'm now happy that I can produce a density map for the marching cubes algorithm (which will need a little tweaking) but for some reason when I run it through my implementation it's not producing what I expect. My problem is that I'm getting something like the first image in this answer to my previous question, when I want to achieve the effect in the second image. Upon further investigation I can't see how marching cubes does the "move vertex along the edge" type logic (i.e. the difference between the two images on my previous link). I see that it does do some interpolation, but I'm not convinced I have the correct understanding of what I think it should do, because the code in question appears to give the same result regardless of whether I use boolean or float values. I took the code from here which is a C# implementation of marching cubes, but instead of using the MarchingCubesPrimitive I modified it to accept an object of type IDrawable, containing lists for the various collections (vertices, normals, UVs, indices), the logic was otherwise untouched. My understanding is that given a very low isovalue the accuracy level of the surface being rendered should increase, so in short "less 45 degree slows more rolling hills" type mesh output. However this isn't what I'm seeing. Have I missed something or is the implementation flawed and need to be fixed? EDIT: A little more detail on what I am seeing when I "marching cube" the data. Ok so firstly, ignore the fact that the meshes created by the chunks don't "connect" (i'll probably raise another question about this later). Then look at the shaping of the island, it's too ... square, from the voxels rendered as boxes you get the impression there's a clean soft gradual hill and yet from the image there are sharp falling edges even in the most central areas where the gradient in the first image looks the most smooth. The data is "regenerated" each time I run this so no 2 islands come out the same, and it's purely random so not based on noise, but still, how can it look so smooth in 1 image and so not smooth in the other?

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  • Quaternion dfference + time --> angular velocity (gyroscope in physics library)

    - by AndrewK
    I am using Bullet Physic library to program some function, where I have difference between orientation from gyroscope given in quaternion and orientation of my object, and time between each frame in milisecond. All I want is set the orientation from my gyroscope to orientation of my object in 3D space. But all I can do is set angular velocity to my object. I have orientation difference and time, and from that I calculate vector of angular velocity [Wx,Wy,Wz] from that formula: W(t) = 2 * dq(t)/dt * conj(q(t)) My code is: btQuaternion diffQuater = gyroQuater - boxQuater; btQuaternion conjBoxQuater = gyroQuater.inverse(); btQuaternion velQuater = ((diffQuater * 2.0f) / d_time) * conjBoxQuater; And everything works well, till I get: 1 rotating around Y axis, angle about 60 degrees, then I have these values in 2 critical frames: x: -0.013220 y: -0.038050 z: -0.021979 w: -0.074250 - diffQuater x: 0.120094 y: 0.818967 z: 0.156797 w: -0.538782 - gyroQuater x: 0.133313 y: 0.857016 z: 0.178776 w: -0.464531 - boxQuater x: 0.207781 y: 0.290452 z: 0.245594 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: 3.153619 y: -66.947929 z: 175.936615 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: 4.290697 y: -57.553043 z: 173.320053 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: 0.138128 y: 2.823307 z: 1.025552 w: 0.131360 - velQuater d_time: 0.058000 x: 0.211020 y: 1.595124 z: 0.303650 w: -1.143846 - diffQuater x: 0.089518 y: 0.771939 z: 0.144527 w: -0.612543 - gyroQuater x: -0.121502 y: -0.823185 z: -0.159123 w: 0.531303 - boxQuater x: nan y: nan z: nan - diffQuater -> euler angles x: 2.985240 y: -76.304405 z: -170.555054 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: 3.269681 y: -65.977966 z: 175.639420 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: -0.730262 y: -2.882153 z: -1.294721 w: 63.325996 - velQuater d_time: 0.063000 2 rotating around X axis, angle about 120 degrees, then I have these values in 2 critical frames: x: -0.013045 y: -0.004186 z: -0.005667 w: -0.022482 - diffQuater x: -0.848030 y: -0.187985 z: 0.114400 w: 0.482099 - gyroQuater x: -0.834985 y: -0.183799 z: 0.120067 w: 0.504580 - boxQuater x: 0.036336 y: 0.002312 z: 0.020859 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: -113.129463 y: 0.731925 z: 25.415056 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: -110.232368 y: 0.860897 z: 25.350458 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: -0.865820 y: -0.456086 z: 0.034084 w: 0.013184 - velQuater d_time: 0.055000 x: -1.721662 y: -0.387898 z: 0.229844 w: 0.910235 - diffQuater x: -0.874310 y: -0.200132 z: 0.115142 w: 0.426933 - gyroQuater x: 0.847352 y: 0.187766 z: -0.114703 w: -0.483302 - boxQuater x: -144.402298 y: 4.891629 z: 71.309158 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: -119.515343 y: 1.745076 z: 26.646086 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: -112.974533 y: 0.738675 z: 25.411509 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: 2.086195 y: 0.676526 z: -0.424351 w: 70.104248 - velQuater d_time: 0.057000 2 rotating around Z axis, angle about 120 degrees, then I have these values in 2 critical frames: x: -0.000736 y: 0.002812 z: -0.004692 w: -0.008181 - diffQuater x: -0.003829 y: 0.012045 z: -0.868035 w: 0.496343 - gyroQuater x: -0.003093 y: 0.009232 z: -0.863343 w: 0.504524 - boxQuater x: -0.000822 y: -0.003032 z: 0.004162 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: -1.415189 y: 0.304210 z: -120.481873 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: -1.091881 y: 0.227784 z: -119.399445 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: 0.159042 y: 0.169228 z: -0.754599 w: 0.003900 - velQuater d_time: 0.025000 x: -0.007598 y: 0.024074 z: -1.749412 w: 0.968588 - diffQuater x: -0.003769 y: 0.012030 z: -0.881377 w: 0.472245 - gyroQuater x: 0.003829 y: -0.012045 z: 0.868035 w: -0.496343 - boxQuater x: -5.645197 y: 1.148993 z: -146.507187 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: -1.418294 y: 0.270319 z: -123.638245 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: -1.415183 y: 0.304208 z: -120.481873 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: 0.017498 y: -0.013332 z: 2.040073 w: 148.120056 - velQuater d_time: 0.027000 The problem is the most visible in diffQuater - euler angles vector. Can someone tell me why it is like that? and how to solve that problem? All suggestions are welcome.

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  • Using gluLookAt to move camera in 2D iPhone game ?

    - by Mr.Gando
    Hey guys, I'm trying to use gluLookAt to move the camera in my iPhone game, but every time I've tried to use gluLookAt my screen just goes "blank" ( grey in this case ) I'm trying to render a simple triangle and to move the camera, this is my code: to setup my scene I do: glViewport(0, 0, backingWidth, backingHeight); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); glRotatef(-90.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); //using iPhone in horizontal mode glOrthof(-240, 240, -160, 160, -1, 1); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); then my "triangle rendering" code looks like: GLfloat triangle[] = {0, 100, 100, 0, -100, 0,}; glClearColor(0.7, 0.7, 0.7, 1.0); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glColor4f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, &triangle); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6); glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); This draws a red triangle in the middle of the screen, when I try to apply gluLookAt ( I got the implementation of the function from Cocos2D so I asume it's correct ), i do: glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); gluLookAt(0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1); // try to move the camera a bit ? GLfloat triangle[] = {0, 100, 100, 0, -100, 0,}; glClearColor(0.7, 0.7, 0.7, 1.0); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glColor4f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, &triangle); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6); glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); This leads me to grey screen (glClearColor is grey), I've tried all sort of things and read what I've found about gluLookAt on the net, but no luck :(, if someone could explain me or show me how to move to move the camera in a top-down fashion ( zelda, etc ), I would really appreciate it. Thanks!

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  • AI control for a ship with physics model

    - by Petteri Hietavirta
    I am looking for ideas how to implement following in 2D space. Unfortunately I don't know much about AI/path finding/autonomous control yet. Let's say this ship can move freely but it has mass and momentum. Also, external forces might affect it (explosions etc). The player can set a target for the ship at any time and it should reach that spot and stop. Without physics this would be simple, just point to the direction and go. But how to deal with existing momentum and then stopping on the spot? I don't want to modify ship's placement directly. edit: Just to make clear, the physics related math of the ship itself is not the problem.

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  • jerky walljump in unity rigidbody2d

    - by Lilz Votca Love
    hey there i know people have encountered issues with it before i looked upon the different solutions provided but i couldnt get any fix at all.im making a 2d game and am stuck with the walljump.i detect the wall wonderfully i also detect the jump and it works the player jumps off the wall when facing right with the use of rigidbody.addforce(new vector2(-1,2)*jumpforce) now when jumping on the oposite wall using the same vector with the sign in x axis changed to 1,the player jumps too but it goes more in the y axis than it should.Here is an image to show you the curves it(the player) follows. check the following url to see the behaviour https://scontent-b-mad.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-xpf1/t1.0-9/1470386_10152415957141154_156025539179003805_n.jpg voila the green one is happennig when player faces right and the other one happens when he is not here is the section of code if (wall) { if (wallJump) { if (facingRight) { rigidbody2D.velocity = Vector2.zero; flip (); rigidbody2D.AddForce (new Vector2 (-1f, 2f) * Jumpforce / 1.5f); Debug.Log ("saut mural gauche" + new Vector2 (-1f, 2f) * Jumpforce / 1.5f); } else { rigidbody2D.velocity = Vector2.zero; flip (); rigidbody2D.AddForce (new Vector2 (1f, 2f) * Jumpforce / 1.5f); Debug.Log ("saut mural droit--" + new Vector2 (Mathf.Sign (1f), 2f) * Jumpforce / 1.5f + "jump" + jump); } } } else { wallJump = false; } here the code is not optimized yet but i assure you it works so guys any help would be so awesome!! thanks

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  • Has anyone else read "Programming video games for the Evil Genius"

    - by Martin
    I bought this book called "Programming Video Games for the Evil Genius" by Ian Cinnamon. If there is anyone who has read or is familiar with this book I am wondering if they think it is worth reading. I am interested in making video games. I have already taken intro courses in C++, Java and Python and got through okay. I've been going through this book for about a month now(SLOWLY). All I have to do is type the code exactly in the book, BUT a lot of the code is not clearly explained. I do some research online but I usually still have some trouble answering my questions. Then I found stack overflow. It's been a ton of help. Right now I am trying to make a racing game right out of this book and I got to a point where the author left a bunch of errors in his code. One of the members of this website fixed it up for me, but added some stuff that I'm having trouble understanding. I spend more time trying to figure out the authors errors and fix them or get someone to help me fix them than I actually do learning code. I REALLY want to learn how to do this and I am ready and willing to put in the time, but I'm not sure if my time would be better spent learning from a different source. Are there any veterans out there that are familiar with this book and think it's worth it/not worth it? Should I try to move onto another book? Any advice for a fresh start for someone who wants to learn some video game programming?

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  • CSM shadow errors when models are split

    - by KaiserJohaan
    I'm getting closer to fixing CSM, but there seems to be one more issue at hand. At certain angles, the models will be caught/split between two shadow map cascades, like below. first depth split second depth split - here you can see the model is caught between the splits How does one fix this? Increase the overlapping boundaries between the splits? Or is the frustrum erronous? CameraFrustrum CalculateCameraFrustrum(const float fovDegrees, const float aspectRatio, const float minDist, const float maxDist, const Mat4& cameraViewMatrix, Mat4& outFrustrumMat) { CameraFrustrum ret = { Vec4(1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), }; const Mat4 perspectiveMatrix = PerspectiveMatrixFov(fovDegrees, aspectRatio, minDist, maxDist); const Mat4 invMVP = glm::inverse(perspectiveMatrix * cameraViewMatrix); outFrustrumMat = invMVP; for (Vec4& corner : ret) { corner = invMVP * corner; corner /= corner.w; } return ret; } Mat4 CreateDirLightVPMatrix(const CameraFrustrum& cameraFrustrum, const Vec3& lightDir) { Mat4 lightViewMatrix = glm::lookAt(Vec3(0.0f), -glm::normalize(lightDir), Vec3(0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f)); Vec4 transf = lightViewMatrix * cameraFrustrum[0]; float maxZ = transf.z, minZ = transf.z; float maxX = transf.x, minX = transf.x; float maxY = transf.y, minY = transf.y; for (uint32_t i = 1; i < 8; i++) { transf = lightViewMatrix * cameraFrustrum[i]; if (transf.z > maxZ) maxZ = transf.z; if (transf.z < minZ) minZ = transf.z; if (transf.x > maxX) maxX = transf.x; if (transf.x < minX) minX = transf.x; if (transf.y > maxY) maxY = transf.y; if (transf.y < minY) minY = transf.y; } Mat4 viewMatrix(lightViewMatrix); viewMatrix[3][0] = -(minX + maxX) * 0.5f; viewMatrix[3][1] = -(minY + maxY) * 0.5f; viewMatrix[3][2] = -(minZ + maxZ) * 0.5f; viewMatrix[0][3] = 0.0f; viewMatrix[1][3] = 0.0f; viewMatrix[2][3] = 0.0f; viewMatrix[3][3] = 1.0f; Vec3 halfExtents((maxX - minX) * 0.5, (maxY - minY) * 0.5, (maxZ - minZ) * 0.5); return OrthographicMatrix(-halfExtents.x, halfExtents.x, halfExtents.y, -halfExtents.y, halfExtents.z, -halfExtents.z) * viewMatrix; }

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  • Raycasting mouse coordinates to rotated object?

    - by SPL
    I am trying to cast a ray from my mouse to a plane at a specified position with a known width and length and height. I know that you can use the NDC (Normalized Device Coordinates) to cast ray but I don't know how can I detect if the ray actually hit the plane and when it did. The plane is translated -100 on the Y and rotated 60 on the X then translated again -100. Can anyone please give me a good tutorial on this? For a complete noob! I am almost new to matrix and vector transformations.

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  • "Accumulate" buffer results in XNA4?

    - by Utkarsh Sinha
    I'm trying to simulate a "heightmap" buffer in XNA4.0 but the results don't look correct. Here's what I'm hoping to achieve: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=-Q6ISVaM5Ww#t=517s (8:38). From what I understand, here are the steps to reach there: Pass height buffer + current entity's heightmap Generate a stencil and update the height buffer Render sprite+stencil For now, I'm just trying to get the height buffer thing to work. So here's the problem. Inside the draw loop, I do the following: Create a new render target & set it Draw the heightmap with a sprite batch(no shaders) graphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null) Draw the rendertarget with SpriteBatch I expected to see all entities' heightmaps. But only the last entity's heightmap is visible. Any hints on what I'm doing wrong? Here's the code inside the draw loop: RenderTarget2D tempDepthStencil = new RenderTarget2D(graphicsDevice, graphicsDevice.Viewport.Width, graphicsDevice.Viewport.Height, false, graphicsDevice.DisplayMode.Format, DepthFormat.None); graphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(tempDepthStencil); // Gather depth information SpriteBatch depthStencilSpriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(graphicsDevice); depthStencilSpriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, BlendState.AlphaBlend, SamplerState.LinearClamp, DepthStencilState.None, RasterizerState.CullCounterClockwise); depthStencilSpriteBatch.Draw(texHeightmap, pos, null, Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1, spriteEffects, 1); depthStencilSpriteBatch.End(); graphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); SpriteBatch b1 = new SpriteBatch(graphicsDevice); b1.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, BlendState.AlphaBlend, null, null, null, null); b1.Draw((Texture2D)tempDepthStencil, Vector2.Zero, null, Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1, spriteEffects, 1); b1.End();

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  • ray collision with rectangle and floating point accuracy

    - by phq
    I'm trying to solve a problem with a ray bouncing on a box. Actually it is a sphere but for simplicity the box dimensions are expanded by the sphere radius when doing the collision test making the sphere a single ray. It is done by projecting the ray onto all faces of the box and pick the one that is closest. However because I'm using floating point variables I fear that the projected point onto the surface might be interpreted as being below in the next iteration, also I will later allow the sphere to move which might make that scenario more likely. Also the bounce coefficient might be as low as zero, making the sphere continue along the surface. So my naive solution is to project not only forwards but backwards to catch those cases. That is where I got into problems shown in the figure: In the first iteration the first black arrow is calculated and we end up at a point on the surface of the box. In the second iteration the "back projection" hits the other surface making the second black arrow bounce on the wrong surface. If there are several boxes close to each other this has further consequences making the sphere fall through them all. So my main question is how to handle possible floating point accuracy when placing the sphere on the box surface so it does not fall through. In writing this question I got the idea to have a threshold to only accept back projections a certain amount much smaller than the box but larger than the possible accuracy limitation, this would only cause the "false" back projection when the sphere hit the box on an edge which would appear naturally. To clarify my original approach, the arrows shown in the image is not only the path the sphere travels but is also representing a single time step in the simulation. In reality the time step is much smaller about 0.05 of the box size. The path traveled is projected onto possible sides to avoid traveling past a thinner object at higher speeds. In normal situations the floating point accuracy is not an issue but there are two situations where I have the concern. When the new position at the end of the time step is located very close to the surface, very unlikely though. When using a bounce factor of 0, here it happens every time the sphere hit a box. To add some loss of accuracy, the motivation for my concern, is that the sphere and box are in different coordinate systems and thus the sphere location is transformed for every test. This last one is why I'm not willing to stand on luck that one floating point value lying on top of the box always will be interpreted the same. I did not know voronoi regions by name, but looking at it I'm not sure how it would be used in a projection scenario that I'm using here.

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  • how to do partial updates in OpenGL?

    - by Will
    It is general wisdom that you redraw the entire viewport on each frame. I would like to use partial updates; what are the various ways can do that, and what are their pros, cons and relative performance? (Using textures, FBOs, the accumulator buffer, any kind of scissors that can affect swapbuffers etc?) A scenario: a scene with a fair few thousand visible trees; although the textures are mipmapped and they are drawn via VBOs roughly front-to-back with so on, its still a lot of polys. Would streaming a single screen-sized texture be better than throwing them at the screen every frame? You'd have to redraw and recapture them only on camera movement or as often as your wind model updates or whatever, which need not be every frame.

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  • Make Pong on android using OpenGL-ES

    - by brainydexter
    I am trying to make a simple pong game using opengl-es. I have checked out some of the tutorials/samples, but most of them are pre-dated to 2009. I am familiar with game programming, and consider pong to be the hello-world! Right now, I intend to make it using their supplied SDK (2.3), but eventually I want to make it in NDK, so I can port my other work to android. Would anyone have a good reference for a starting point ? Thanks

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  • Normal map applied as diffuse textures looks wrong

    - by KaiserJohaan
    Diffuse textures works fine, but I am having problem with normal maps, so I thought I'd tried to apply the normal maps as the diffuse map in my fragment shader so I could see everything is OK. I comment-out my normal map code and just set the diffuse map to the normal map and I get this: http://postimg.org/image/j9gudjl7r/ Looks like a smurf! This is the actual normal map of the main body: http://postimg.org/image/sbkyr6fg9/ Here is my fragment shader, notice I commented out normal map code so I could debug the normal map as a diffuse texture "#version 330 \n \ \n \ layout(std140) uniform; \n \ \n \ const int MAX_LIGHTS = 8; \n \ \n \ struct Light \n \ { \n \ vec4 mLightColor; \n \ vec4 mLightPosition; \n \ vec4 mLightDirection; \n \ \n \ int mLightType; \n \ float mLightIntensity; \n \ float mLightRadius; \n \ float mMaxDistance; \n \ }; \n \ \n \ uniform UnifLighting \n \ { \n \ vec4 mGamma; \n \ vec3 mViewDirection; \n \ int mNumLights; \n \ \n \ Light mLights[MAX_LIGHTS]; \n \ } Lighting; \n \ \n \ uniform UnifMaterial \n \ { \n \ vec4 mDiffuseColor; \n \ vec4 mAmbientColor; \n \ vec4 mSpecularColor; \n \ vec4 mEmissiveColor; \n \ \n \ bool mHasDiffuseTexture; \n \ bool mHasNormalTexture; \n \ bool mLightingEnabled; \n \ float mSpecularShininess; \n \ } Material; \n \ \n \ uniform sampler2D unifDiffuseTexture; \n \ uniform sampler2D unifNormalTexture; \n \ \n \ in vec3 frag_position; \n \ in vec3 frag_normal; \n \ in vec2 frag_texcoord; \n \ in vec3 frag_tangent; \n \ in vec3 frag_bitangent; \n \ \n \ out vec4 finalColor; " " \n \ \n \ void CalcGaussianSpecular(in vec3 dirToLight, in vec3 normal, out float gaussianTerm) \n \ { \n \ vec3 viewDirection = normalize(Lighting.mViewDirection); \n \ vec3 halfAngle = normalize(dirToLight + viewDirection); \n \ \n \ float angleNormalHalf = acos(dot(halfAngle, normalize(normal))); \n \ float exponent = angleNormalHalf / Material.mSpecularShininess; \n \ exponent = -(exponent * exponent); \n \ \n \ gaussianTerm = exp(exponent); \n \ } \n \ \n \ vec4 CalculateLighting(in Light light, in vec4 diffuseTexture, in vec3 normal) \n \ { \n \ if (light.mLightType == 1) // point light \n \ { \n \ vec3 positionDiff = light.mLightPosition.xyz - frag_position; \n \ float dist = max(length(positionDiff) - light.mLightRadius, 0); \n \ \n \ float attenuation = 1 / ((dist/light.mLightRadius + 1) * (dist/light.mLightRadius + 1)); \n \ attenuation = max((attenuation - light.mMaxDistance) / (1 - light.mMaxDistance), 0); \n \ \n \ vec3 dirToLight = normalize(positionDiff); \n \ float angleNormal = clamp(dot(normalize(normal), dirToLight), 0, 1); \n \ \n \ float gaussianTerm = 0.0; \n \ if (angleNormal > 0.0) \n \ CalcGaussianSpecular(dirToLight, normal, gaussianTerm); \n \ \n \ return diffuseTexture * (attenuation * angleNormal * Material.mDiffuseColor * light.mLightIntensity * light.mLightColor) + \n \ (attenuation * gaussianTerm * Material.mSpecularColor * light.mLightIntensity * light.mLightColor); \n \ } \n \ else if (light.mLightType == 2) // directional light \n \ { \n \ vec3 dirToLight = normalize(light.mLightDirection.xyz); \n \ float angleNormal = clamp(dot(normalize(normal), dirToLight), 0, 1); \n \ \n \ float gaussianTerm = 0.0; \n \ if (angleNormal > 0.0) \n \ CalcGaussianSpecular(dirToLight, normal, gaussianTerm); \n \ \n \ return diffuseTexture * (angleNormal * Material.mDiffuseColor * light.mLightIntensity * light.mLightColor) + \n \ (gaussianTerm * Material.mSpecularColor * light.mLightIntensity * light.mLightColor); \n \ } \n \ else if (light.mLightType == 4) // ambient light \n \ return diffuseTexture * Material.mAmbientColor * light.mLightIntensity * light.mLightColor; \n \ else \n \ return vec4(0.0); \n \ } \n \ \n \ void main() \n \ { \n \ vec4 diffuseTexture = vec4(1.0); \n \ if (Material.mHasDiffuseTexture) \n \ diffuseTexture = texture(unifDiffuseTexture, frag_texcoord); \n \ \n \ vec3 normal = frag_normal; \n \ if (Material.mHasNormalTexture) \n \ { \n \ diffuseTexture = vec4(normalize(texture(unifNormalTexture, frag_texcoord).xyz * 2.0 - 1.0), 1.0); \n \ // vec3 normalTangentSpace = normalize(texture(unifNormalTexture, frag_texcoord).xyz * 2.0 - 1.0); \n \ //mat3 tangentToWorldSpace = mat3(normalize(frag_tangent), normalize(frag_bitangent), normalize(frag_normal)); \n \ \n \ // normal = tangentToWorldSpace * normalTangentSpace; \n \ } \n \ \n \ if (Material.mLightingEnabled) \n \ { \n \ vec4 accumLighting = vec4(0.0); \n \ \n \ for (int lightIndex = 0; lightIndex < Lighting.mNumLights; lightIndex++) \n \ accumLighting += Material.mEmissiveColor * diffuseTexture + \n \ CalculateLighting(Lighting.mLights[lightIndex], diffuseTexture, normal); \n \ \n \ finalColor = pow(accumLighting, Lighting.mGamma); \n \ } \n \ else { \n \ finalColor = pow(diffuseTexture, Lighting.mGamma); \n \ } \n \ } \n"; Here is my wrapper around a texture OpenGLTexture::OpenGLTexture(const std::vector<uint8_t>& textureData, uint32_t textureWidth, uint32_t textureHeight, TextureFormat textureFormat, TextureType textureType, Logger& logger) : mLogger(logger), mTextureID(gNextTextureID++), mTextureType(textureType) { glGenTextures(1, &mTexture); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, mTexture); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); GLint glTextureFormat = (textureFormat == TextureFormat::TEXTURE_FORMAT_RGB ? GL_RGB : textureFormat == TextureFormat::TEXTURE_FORMAT_RGBA ? GL_RGBA : GL_RED); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, glTextureFormat, textureWidth, textureHeight, 0, glTextureFormat, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, &textureData[0]); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); } OpenGLTexture::~OpenGLTexture() { glDeleteBuffers(1, &mTexture); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); } And here is the sampler I create which is shared between Diffuse and normal textures // texture sampler setup glGenSamplers(1, &mTextureSampler); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glSamplerParameteri(mTextureSampler, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glSamplerParameteri(mTextureSampler, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glSamplerParameteri(mTextureSampler, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glSamplerParameteri(mTextureSampler, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glSamplerParameterf(mTextureSampler, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT, mCurrentAnisotropy); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(mDefaultProgram.GetHandle(), "unifDiffuseTexture"), OpenGLTexture::TEXTURE_UNIT_DIFFUSE); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(mDefaultProgram.GetHandle(), "unifNormalTexture"), OpenGLTexture::TEXTURE_UNIT_NORMAL); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glBindSampler(OpenGLTexture::TEXTURE_UNIT_DIFFUSE, mTextureSampler); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glBindSampler(OpenGLTexture::TEXTURE_UNIT_NORMAL, mTextureSampler); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); SetAnisotropicFiltering(mCurrentAnisotropy); The diffuse textures looks like they should, but the normal looks so wierd. Why is this?

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  • Best practices for implementing collectible virtual item "packs"?

    - by Glenn Barnett
    I'm in the process of building a game in which virtual items can be obtained either by in-game play (defeating enemies, gaining levels), or by purchasing "packs" via microtransactions. Looking at an existing example like Duels.com's item packs, it looks like a lot of thought went into their implementation, including: Setting clear player expectations as to what can be obtained in the pack Limiting pack supply to increase demand and control inflation Are there other considerations that should be taken into account? For example, should the contents of the packs be pre-generated to guarantee the advertised drop rates, or is each drop rate just a random chance, and you could end up with higher or lower supply?

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  • Box2D Bicycle Wheels Motor Problem - Flash 2.1a

    - by Craig
    I have made a bicycle with Box2D using several polygons for the frame at different angles connected using weld joints, and I have revolute joints on the wheels with a motor. I have made some basic terrain (straight ground and a small ramp) and added keyboard input to control the bicycle with torque to balance it. All of this is done in with Box2D's Debug Draw. When the bicycle is on its back wheel but diagonally forward (kinda like this position - /) the motors just cause it go spinning backwards over when in reality it should either stay on its back wheel or go down onto both wheels. Here's my code the revolute joints: //Front Wheel Joint var frontWheelJointDef:b2RevoluteJointDef = new b2RevoluteJointDef(); frontWheelJointDef.Initialize(frontWheelBody, secondFrameBody, frontWheelBody.GetWorldCenter()); frontWheelJointDef.enableMotor=true; frontWheelJointDef.maxMotorTorque=10000; frontWheelJoint = _world.CreateJoint(frontWheelJointDef) as b2RevoluteJoint; //Rear Wheel Joint var rearWheelJointDef:b2RevoluteJointDef = new b2RevoluteJointDef(); rearWheelJointDef.Initialize(rearWheelBody, firstFrameBody, rearWheelBody.GetWorldCenter()); rearWheelJointDef.enableMotor=true; rearWheelJointDef.maxMotorTorque=10000; rearWheelJoint = _world.CreateJoint(rearWheelJointDef) as b2RevoluteJoint; And here's the relevant part of my update function: // up and down control wheels motor if (up) { motorSpeed-=0.5; } if (down) { motorSpeed += 0.5; } // left and right control cart torque if (left) { middleCentreFrameBody.ApplyTorque( -3); gearBody.ApplyTorque( -3); firstFrameBody.ApplyTorque( -3); secondFrameBody.ApplyTorque( -3); rearWheelToChainBody.ApplyTorque( -3); chainToFrontFrameBody.ApplyTorque( -3); topMiddleFrameBody.ApplyTorque( -3); } if (right) { middleCentreFrameBody.ApplyTorque( 3); gearBody.ApplyTorque( 3); firstFrameBody.ApplyTorque( 3); secondFrameBody.ApplyTorque( 3); rearWheelToChainBody.ApplyTorque( 3); chainToFrontFrameBody.ApplyTorque( 3); topMiddleFrameBody.ApplyTorque( 3); } // motor friction motorSpeed*=0.99; // motor max speed if (motorSpeed>100) { motorSpeed=100; } rearWheelJoint.SetMotorSpeed(motorSpeed); frontWheelJoint.SetMotorSpeed(motorSpeed); Any ideas what might be causing this? Thanks

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  • Image with FadeIn effect blinks when added to scene

    - by Ef Es
    I am trying to add an image to the scene, but it should just be added to the scene invisible, FadeIn and then be deleted when the effect finishes. My problem is that the images blink once when they are added to the scene, then they do the intended effect. My best guess is that when they are added they show on the scene for a split second before starting the animation. I though of making them invisible for a split second before activating them, but I am not sure how to code it. const bool Sunbeams::add() { const CCSize kSceenSize = CCDirector::sharedDirector()->getWinSize(); const int nRayType = random( m_kRays.size()); const CCPoint kPosition( random( static_cast < int >( kSceenSize.width)), 0.0f); const float fDuration = random( m_fDurationVariance) + m_fDurationMin; CCSprite* pkLightBeam = CCSprite::spriteWithTexture( m_kRays[nRayType]); if ( !pkLightBeam) { msg::debug( "Sunbeams::add", "Failed to create sprite from ray '%d'!\n", m_kRays[nRayType]); return false; } pkLightBeam->setAnchorPoint( CCPointZero); pkLightBeam->setPosition( kPosition); m_kActiveBeams.push_back( pkLightBeam); CCDirector::sharedDirector()->getRunningScene()->addChild( pkLightBeam); CCActionInterval* pkAction = CCFadeIn::actionWithDuration( fDuration); CCActionInterval* pkActionBack = pkAction->reverse(); pkLightBeam->runAction( CCSequence::actions( pkAction, pkActionBack, 0)); return true; }

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  • Performance due to entity update

    - by Rizzo
    I always think about 2 ways to code the global Step() function, both with pros and cons. Please note that AIStep is just to provide another more step for whoever who wants it. // Approach 1 step foreach( entity in entities ) { entity.DeltaStep( delta_time ); if( time_for_fixed_step ) entity.FixedStep(); if( time_for_AI_step ) entity.AIStep(); ... // all kind of updates you want } PRO: you just have to iterate once over all entities. CON: fidelity could be lower at some scenarios, since the entity.FixedStep() isn't going all at a time. // Approach 2 step foreach( entity in entities ) entity.DeltaStep( delta_time ); if( time_for_fixed_step ) foreach( entity in entities ) entity.FixedStep(); if( time_for_AI_step ) foreach( entity in entities ) entity.FixedStep(); // all kind of updates you want SEPARATED PRO: fidelity on FixedStep is higher, shouldn't be much time between all entities update, rather than Approach 1 where you may have to wait other updates until FixedStep() comes. CON: you iterate once for each kind of update. Also, a third approach could be a hybrid between both of them, something in the way of foreach( entity in entities ) { entity.DeltaStep( delta_time ); if( time_for_AI_step ) entity.AIStep(); // all kind of updates you want BUT FixedStep() } if( time_for_fixed_step ) { foreach( entity in entities ) { entity.FixedStep(); } } Just two loops, don't caring about time fidelity in nothing other than at FixedStep(). Any thoughts on this matter? Should it really matters to make all steps at once or am I thinking on problems that don't exist?

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  • What is the best way to code the XNA Game Server for FPS game?

    - by AgentFire
    I'm writing a FPS XNA game. It gonna be multiplayer so I came up with following: I'm making two different assemblies — one for the game logic and the second for drawing it and the game irrelevant stuff (like rocket trails). The type of the connection is client-server (not peer-to-peer), so every client at first connects to the server and then the game begins. I'm completly decided to use XNA.Framework.Game class for the clients to run their game in window (or fullscreen) and the GameComponent/DrawableGameComponent classes to store the game objects and update&draw them on each frame. Next, I want to get the answer to the question: What should I do on the server side? I got few options: Create my own Game class on the server, which will process all the game logic (only, no graphics). The reason why I am not using the standart Game class is when I call Game.Run() the white window appears and I cant figure out how to get rid of it. Use somehow the original XNA's Game class, which is already has the GameComponent collection and Update event (60 times per second, just what I need). UPDATE: I got more questions: First, what socket mode should I use? TCP or UDP? And how to actually let the client know that this packet is meant to be processed after that one? Second, if I is going to use exacly GameComponent class for the game objects which is stored and process on the server, how to make them to be drawn on the client? Inherit them (while they are combined to an assembly)? Something else?

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  • Is knowledge of hacking mechanisms required for an MMO?

    - by Gabe
    Say I was planning on, in the future (not now! There is alot I need to learn first) looking to participating in a group project that was going to make a massively multiplayer online game (mmo), and my job would be the networking portion. I'm not that familiar with network programming (I've read a very basic book on PHP, MYSQL and I messed around a bit with WAMP). In the course of my studying of PHP and MYSQL, should I look into hacking? Hacking as in port scanning, router hacking, etc. In MMOs people are always trying to cheat, bots and such, but the worst scenario would be having someone hack the databases. This is just my conception of this, I really don't know. I do however understand networking fairly well, like subnetting/ports/IP's (local/global)/etc. In your professional opinion, (If you understand the topic, enlighten me) Should I learn about these things in order to counter the possibility of this happening? Also, out of the things I mentioned (port scanning, router hacking) Is there anything else that pertains to hacking that I should look into? I'm not too familiar with the malicious/Security aspects of Networking. And a note: I'm not some kid trying to learn how to hack. I just want to learn as much as possible before I go to college, and I really need to know if I need to study this or not.

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  • Deferred rendering with both Clockwise and CounterClockwise culling

    - by user1423893
    I have a deferred rendering system that works well with objects that appear solid and drawn using CounterClockwise culling. I have a problem with Clockwise culled objects that are supposed to represent hollow that display their inside faces only. The image below shows a CounterClockwise culled object (left) Clockwise culled object (right). The Clockwise culled object faces display what would be displayed on the CounterClockwise face. How can I get the lighting to light the inner faces for Clockwise culled objects and continue lighting the outer CounterClockwise faces as normal? My lighting method is below private void DeferredLighting(GameTime gameTime) { // Set the render target for the lights game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(lightMap); // Clear the render target to (0, 0, 0, 0) game.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Transparent); // Set the render states game.GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Additive; game.GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.None; game.GraphicsDevice.RasterizerState = RasterizerState.CullCounterClockwise; // Set sampler state to Point as the Surface type requires it in XNA 4.0 game.GraphicsDevice.SamplerStates[0] = SamplerState.PointClamp; // Set the camera properties for all lights BaseLight.SetCameraProperties(game.ActiveCamera); // Draw the lights int numLights = lights.Count; for (int i = 0; i < numLights; ++i) { if (lights[i].Diffuse.W > 0f) { lights[i].Render(gameTime, ref normalMap, ref depthMap, ref sgrMap); } } // Resolve the render target game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); } I have tried adjusting the render states but no combination works for both objects.

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