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  • Channelling an explosion along a narrow passage

    - by finnw
    I am simulating explosions in a 2D maze game. If an explosion occurs in an open area, it covers a circular region (this is the easy bit.) However if an explosion occurs in a narrow passage (i.e narrower than the blast range) then it should be "compressed", so that it goes further and also it should go around corners. Ultimately, unless it is completely boxed-in, then it should cover a constant number of pixels, spreading in whatever direction is necessary to reach this total area. I have tried using a shortest-path algorithm to pick the nearest N pixels to the origin avoiding walls, but the effect is exaggerated - the blast travels around corners too easily, making U-turns even when there is a clear path in another direction. I don't know whether this is realistic or not but it is counter-intuitive to players who assume that they can hide around a corner and the blast will take the path of least resistance in a different direction. Is there a well-known (and fast) algorithm for this?

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  • what knowledge would I need to make a good simulation games

    - by Skeith
    I have an idea for a game like theme park but don't know how simulation games are made. I am not some noob on his first game so I appreciated constructive answers instead of "its hard, don't do it". What I want is to know how simulation game mechanics are put together. I figure it would be heaver on the AI than normal games and not knowing much about AI would like to know some programming techniques I should look into for this style game. specific techniques please not just a book on ai. what sort of architecture would be used? I guess it would have some sort of probability engine with pre designed events that are triggered based on the AI state. Would it use a FSM or be purely event driven ? Any information on how a sims game functions would be cool.

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  • Scrolling Box2D DebugDraw

    - by onedayitwillmake
    I'm developing a game using Box2D (javascript implementation - Box2DWeb), and I would like to know how I can pan the debug draw. I know the usual answer is - don't use debug draw, it's just for debugging. I'm not, however not all my objects are on the same screen, and i'd like to see where they are in the physics representation. How can I pan the debug drawing? As you can see the debug draw stuff, is show on the top left, but it only shows a small part of the world. Here is an example of what I mean: http://onedayitwillmake.com/ChuClone/ The game is open source, If you'd like to poke through and note something that perhaps i'm doing something that is obviously wrong: https://github.com/onedayitwillmake/ChuClone

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  • Do all mods simply alter game files? [on hold]

    - by Starkers
    When you install some mods you drag certain files into your game directory and replace the files. Other mods, though, come with an installer where you can set parameters first. Does the installer then go and automatically replace the certain files? At the end of the day, is that all the installation of any mod is? Is the installation of a mod simply the replacement of certain files inside the game's root directory? Do mods exist which don't fit the above statement? That install outside the game's root? Why do they do this? All the mods I can think of do just replace certain files inside the game's root. However, I know Team Fortress was spawned from a multiplayer halflife 1 mod. Do you reckon that mod installed files outside the root to enable multiplayer via a network for a single player game? How rare are these mods? Or do they not even exist? Do even extensive mods make all their changes inside the root?

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  • Working out of a vertex array for destrucible objects

    - by bobobobo
    I have diamond-shaped polygonal bullets. There are lots of them on the screen. I did not want to create a vertex array for each, so I packed them into a single vertex array and they're all drawn at once. | bullet1.xyz | bullet1.rgb | bullet2.xyz | bullet2.rgb This is great for performance.. there is struct Bullet { vector<Vector3f*> verts ; // pointers into the vertex buffer } ; This works fine, the bullets can move and do collision detection, all while having their data in one place. Except when a bullet "dies" Then you have to clear a slot, and pack all the bullets towards the beginning of the array. Is this a good approach to handling lots of low poly objects? How else would you do it?

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  • Has an open console any chance to give more strength to the indie game world ?

    - by jokoon
    I have heard about the GPX, but i don't really think the embedded market is mature enough in terms of performance, but what about the home console market ? I'm not talking about last-generation graphics, because that would be economically impossible, but what about an hardware as fast as a playstation 2/Xbox 1/Gamecube ? For games, the trick would be to ask some editors to recompile their best sellers for the new machine: those games being from the PSX age or even older console generations, I think this would have a very low cost job and they could still make some good profit, but I need to know if this is doable technically, considering the architecture which can be quite exotic. Do you think it would be a viable project to talk about to investors ?

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  • How to pass one float as four unsigned chars to shader by glVertexPointAttrib?

    - by Kog
    For each vertex I use two floats as position and four unsigned bytes as color. I want to store all of them in one table, so I tried casting those four unsigned bytes to one float, but I am unable to do that correctly... All in all, my tests came to one point: GLfloat vertices[] = { 1.0f, 0.5f, 0, 1.0f, 0, 0 }; glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 2 * sizeof(float), vertices); // VER1 - draws red triangle // unsigned char colors[] = { 0xff, 0, 0, 0xff, 0xff, 0, 0, 0xff, 0xff, 0, 0, // 0xff }; // glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); // glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL_TRUE, 4 * sizeof(GLubyte), // colors); // VER2 - draws greenish triangle (not "pure" green) // float f = 255 << 24 | 255; //Hex:0xff0000ff // float colors2[] = { f, f, f }; // glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); // glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL_TRUE, 4 * sizeof(GLubyte), // colors2); // VER3 - draws red triangle int i = 255 << 24 | 255; //Hex:0xff0000ff int colors3[] = { i, i, i }; glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL_TRUE, 4 * sizeof(GLubyte), colors3); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); Above code is used to draw one simple red triangle. My question is - why do versions 1 and 3 work correctly, while version 2 draws some greenish triangle? Hex values are one I read by marking variable during debug. They are equal for version 2 and 3 - so what causes the difference?

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  • Why does my VertexDeclaration apparently not contain Position0?

    - by Phil
    I'm trying to get my code from calling each individual draw call down to using at least a VertexBuffer, and preferably an indexBuffer, but now that I'm attempting to test my code, I'm getting the error: The current vertex declaration does not include all the elements required by the current vertex shader. Position0 is missing. Which makes absolutely no sense to me, as my VertexDeclaration is: public readonly static VertexDeclaration VertexDeclaration = new VertexDeclaration( new VertexElement(0, VertexElementFormat.Vector3, VertexElementUsage.Position, 0), new VertexElement(sizeof(float) * 3, VertexElementFormat.Color, VertexElementUsage.Color, 0), new VertexElement(sizeof(float) * 3 + 4, VertexElementFormat.Vector3, VertexElementUsage.Normal, 0) ); Which clearly contains the information. I am attempting to draw with the following lines: VertexBuffer vb = new VertexBuffer(GraphicsDevice, VertexPositionColorNormal.VertexDeclaration, c.VertexList.Count, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); IndexBuffer ib = new IndexBuffer(GraphicsDevice, typeof(int), c.IndexList.Count, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); vb.SetData<VertexPositionColorNormal>(c.VertexList.ToArray()); ib.SetData<int>(c.IndexList.ToArray()); GraphicsDevice.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, vb.VertexCount, 0, c.IndexList.Count/3); Where c is a Chunk class containing an 8x8x8 array of boxes. Full code is available at https://github.com/mrbaggins/Box/tree/ProperMeshing/box/box. Relevant locations are Chunk.cs (Contains the VertexDeclaration) and Game1.cs (Draw() is in Lines 230-250). Not much else of relevance to this problem anywhere else. Note that large commented sections are from old version of drawing.

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  • Why do we use the Pythagorean theorem in game physics?

    - by Starkers
    I've recently learned that we use Pythagorean theorem a lot in our physics calculations and I'm afraid I don't really get the point. Here's an example from a book to make sure an object doesn't travel faster than a MAXIMUM_VELOCITY constant in the horizontal plane: MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = <any number>; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = MAXIMUM_VELOCITY * MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; function animate(){ var squared_horizontal_velocity = (x_velocity * x_velocity) + (z_velocity * z_velocity); if( squared_horizontal_velocity <= SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ scalar = squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; } } Let's try this with some numbers: An object is attempting to move 5 units in x and 5 units in z. It should only be able to move 5 units horizontally in total! MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5 * 5; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 25; function animate(){ var x_velocity = 5; var z_velocity = 5; var squared_horizontal_velocity = (x_velocity * x_velocity) + (z_velocity * z_velocity); var squared_horizontal_velocity = 5 * 5 + 5 * 5; var squared_horizontal_velocity = 25 + 25; var squared_horizontal_velocity = 50; // if( squared_horizontal_velocity <= SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ if( 50 <= 25 ){ scalar = squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; scalar = 50 / 25; scalar = 2.0; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; x_velocity = 5 / 2.0; x_velocity = 2.5; z_velocity = z_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = 5 / 2.0; z_velocity = 2.5; // new_horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity // new_horizontal_velocity = 2.5 + 2.5 // new_horizontal_velocity = 5 } } Now this works well, but we can do the same thing without Pythagoras: MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5; function animate(){ var x_velocity = 5; var z_velocity = 5; var horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity; var horizontal_velocity = 5 + 5; var horizontal_velocity = 10; // if( horizontal_velocity >= MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ if( 10 >= 5 ){ scalar = horizontal_velocity / MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; scalar = 10 / 5; scalar = 2.0; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; x_velocity = 5 / 2.0; x_velocity = 2.5; z_velocity = z_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = 5 / 2.0; z_velocity = 2.5; // new_horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity // new_horizontal_velocity = 2.5 + 2.5 // new_horizontal_velocity = 5 } } Benefits of doing it without Pythagoras: Less lines Within those lines, it's easier to read what's going on ...and it takes less time to compute, as there are less multiplications Seems to me like computers and humans get a better deal without Pythagorean theorem! However, I'm sure I'm wrong as I've seen Pythagoras' theorem in a number of reputable places, so I'd like someone to explain me the benefit of using Pythagorean theorem to a maths newbie. Does this have anything to do with unit vectors? To me a unit vector is when we normalize a vector and turn it into a fraction. We do this by dividing the vector by a larger constant. I'm not sure what constant it is. The total size of the graph? Anyway, because it's a fraction, I take it, a unit vector is basically a graph that can fit inside a 3D grid with the x-axis running from -1 to 1, z-axis running from -1 to 1, and the y-axis running from -1 to 1. That's literally everything I know about unit vectors... not much :P And I fail to see their usefulness. Also, we're not really creating a unit vector in the above examples. Should I be determining the scalar like this: // a mathematical work-around of my own invention. There may be a cleverer way to do this! I've also made up my own terms such as 'divisive_scalar' so don't bother googling var divisive_scalar = (squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY); var divisive_scalar = ( 50 / 25 ); var divisive_scalar = 2; var multiplicative_scalar = (divisive_scalar / (2*divisive_scalar)); var multiplicative_scalar = (2 / (2*2)); var multiplicative_scalar = (2 / 4); var multiplicative_scalar = 0.5; x_velocity = x_velocity * multiplicative_scalar x_velocity = 5 * 0.5 x_velocity = 2.5 Again, I can't see why this is better, but it's more "unit-vector-y" because the multiplicative_scalar is a unit_vector? As you can see, I use words such as "unit-vector-y" so I'm really not a maths whiz! Also aware that unit vectors might have nothing to do with Pythagorean theorem so ignore all of this if I'm barking up the wrong tree. I'm a very visual person (3D modeller and concept artist by trade!) and I find diagrams and graphs really, really helpful so as many as humanely possible please!

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  • Remove enemy when bullet hits enemy

    - by jordi12100
    For my education I have to make a basic game in HTML5 canvas. The game is a shooter game. When you can move left - right and space is shoot. When I shoot the bullets will move up. The enemy moves down. When the bullet hits the enemy the enemy has to dissapear and it will gain +1 score. But the enemy will dissapear after it comes up the screen. Demo: http://jordikroon.nl/test.html space = shoot + enemy shows up This is my code: for (i=0;i<enemyX.length;i++) { if(enemyX[i] > canvas.height) { enemyY.splice(i,1); enemyX.splice(i,1); } else { enemyY[i] += 5; moveEnemy(enemyX[i],enemyY[i]); } } for (i=0;i<bulletX.length;i++) { if(bulletY[i] < 0) { bulletY.splice(i,1); bulletX.splice(i,1); } else { bulletY[i] -= 5; moveBullet(bulletX[i],bulletY[i]); for (ib=0;ib<enemyX.length;ib++) { if(bulletX[i] + 50 < enemyX[ib] || enemyX[ib] + 50 < bulletX[i] || bulletY[i] + 50 < enemyY[ib] || enemyY[ib] + 50 < bulletY[i]) { ++score; enemyY.splice(i,1); enemyX.splice(i,1); } } } } Objects: function moveBullet(posX,posY) { //console.log(posY); ctx.arc(posX, (posY-150), 10, 0 , 2 * Math.PI, false); } function moveEnemy(posX,posY) { ctx.rect(posX, posY, 50, 50); ctx.fillStyle = '#ffffff'; ctx.fill(); }

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  • Generating tileable terrain using Perlin Noise [duplicate]

    - by terrorcell
    This question already has an answer here: How do you generate tileable Perlin noise? 9 answers I'm having trouble figuring out the solution to this particular algorithm. I'm using the Perlin Noise implementation from: https://code.google.com/p/mikeralib/source/browse/trunk/Mikera/src/main/java/mikera/math/PerlinNoise.java Here's what I have so far: for (Chunk chunk : chunks) { PerlinNoise noise = new PerlinNoise(); for (int y = 0; y < CHUNK_SIZE_HEIGHT; ++y) { for (int x = 0; x < CHUNK_SIZE_WIDTH; ++x) { int index = get1DIndex(y, CHUNK_SIZE_WIDTH, x); float val = 0; for (int i = 2; i <= 32; i *= i) { double n = noise.tileableNoise2(i * x / (float)CHUNK_SIZE_WIDTH, i * y / (float)CHUNK_SIZE_HEIGHT, CHUNK_SIZE_WIDTH, CHUNK_SIZE_HEIGHT); val += n / i; } // chunk tile at [index] gets set to the colour 'val' } } } Which produces something like this: Each chunk is made up of CHUNK_SIZE number of tiles, and each tile has a TILE_SIZE_WIDTH/HEIGHT. I think it has something to do with the inner-most for loop and the x/y co-ords given to the noise function, but I could be wrong. Solved: PerlinNoise noise = new PerlinNoise(); for (Chunk chunk : chunks) { for (int y = 0; y < CHUNK_SIZE_HEIGHT; ++y) { for (int x = 0; x < CHUNK_SIZE_WIDTH; ++x) { int index = get1DIndex(y, CHUNK_SIZE_WIDTH, x); float val = 0; float xx = x * TILE_SIZE_WIDTH + chunk.x; float yy = y * TILE_SIZE_HEIGHT + chunk.h; int w = CHUNK_SIZE_WIDTH * TILE_SIZE_WIDTH; int h = CHUNK_SIZE_HEIGHT * TILE_SIZE_HEIGHT; for (int i = 2; i <= 32; i *= i) { double n = noise.tileableNoise2(i * xx / (float)w, i * yy / (float)h, w, h); val += n / i; } // chunk tile at [index] gets set to the colour 'val' } } }

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  • Box2D blocky map. Body, Fixtures a huge map and performance

    - by Solom
    Right now I'm still in the planning phase of a my very first game. I'm creating a "Minecraft"-like game in 2D that features blocks that can be destroyed as well as players moving around the map. For creating the map I chose a 2D-Array of Integers that represent the Block ID. For testing purposes I created a huge map (16348 * 256) and in my prototype that didn't use Box2D everything worked like a charm. I only rendered those blocks that where within the bounds of my camera and got 60 fps straight. The problem started when I decided to use an existing physics-solution rather than implementing my own one. What I had was basically simple hitboxes around the blocks and then I had to manually check if the player collided with any of those in his neighborhood. For more advanced physics as well as the collision detection I want to switch over to Box2D. The problem I have right now is ... how to go about the bodies? I mean, the blocks are of a static bodytype. They don't move on their own, they just are there to be collided with. But as far as I can see it, every block needs his own body with a rectangular fixture attached to it, so as to be destroyable. But for a huge map such as mine, this turns out to be a real performance bottle-neck. (In fact even a rather small map [compared to the other] of 1024*256 is unplayable.) I mean I create thousands of thousands of blocks. Even if I just render those that are in my immediate neighborhood there are hundreds of them and (at least with the debugRenderer) I drop to 1 fps really quickly (on my own "monster machine"). I thought about strategies like creating just one body, attaching multiple fixtures and only if a fixture got hit, separate it from the body, create a new one and destroy it, but this didn't turn out quite as successful as hoped. (In fact the core just dumps. Ah hello C! I really missed you :X) Here is the code: public class Box2DGameScreen implements Screen { private World world; private Box2DDebugRenderer debugRenderer; private OrthographicCamera camera; private final float TIMESTEP = 1 / 60f; // 1/60 of a second -> 1 frame per second private final int VELOCITYITERATIONS = 8; private final int POSITIONITERATIONS = 3; private Map map; private BodyDef blockBodyDef; private FixtureDef blockFixtureDef; private BodyDef groundDef; private Body ground; private PolygonShape rectangleShape; @Override public void show() { world = new World(new Vector2(0, -9.81f), true); debugRenderer = new Box2DDebugRenderer(); camera = new OrthographicCamera(); // Pixel:Meter = 16:1 // Body definition BodyDef ballDef = new BodyDef(); ballDef.type = BodyDef.BodyType.DynamicBody; ballDef.position.set(0, 1); // Fixture definition FixtureDef ballFixtureDef = new FixtureDef(); ballFixtureDef.shape = new CircleShape(); ballFixtureDef.shape.setRadius(.5f); // 0,5 meter ballFixtureDef.restitution = 0.75f; // between 0 (not jumping up at all) and 1 (jumping up the same amount as it fell down) ballFixtureDef.density = 2.5f; // kg / m² ballFixtureDef.friction = 0.25f; // between 0 (sliding like ice) and 1 (not sliding) // world.createBody(ballDef).createFixture(ballFixtureDef); groundDef = new BodyDef(); groundDef.type = BodyDef.BodyType.StaticBody; groundDef.position.set(0, 0); ground = world.createBody(groundDef); this.map = new Map(20, 20); rectangleShape = new PolygonShape(); // rectangleShape.setAsBox(1, 1); blockFixtureDef = new FixtureDef(); // blockFixtureDef.shape = rectangleShape; blockFixtureDef.restitution = 0.1f; blockFixtureDef.density = 10f; blockFixtureDef.friction = 0.9f; } @Override public void render(float delta) { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); debugRenderer.render(world, camera.combined); drawMap(); world.step(TIMESTEP, VELOCITYITERATIONS, POSITIONITERATIONS); } private void drawMap() { for(int a = 0; a < map.getHeight(); a++) { /* if(camera.position.y - (camera.viewportHeight/2) > a) continue; if(camera.position.y - (camera.viewportHeight/2) < a) break; */ for(int b = 0; b < map.getWidth(); b++) { /* if(camera.position.x - (camera.viewportWidth/2) > b) continue; if(camera.position.x - (camera.viewportWidth/2) < b) break; */ /* blockBodyDef = new BodyDef(); blockBodyDef.type = BodyDef.BodyType.StaticBody; blockBodyDef.position.set(b, a); world.createBody(blockBodyDef).createFixture(blockFixtureDef); */ PolygonShape rectangleShape = new PolygonShape(); rectangleShape.setAsBox(1, 1, new Vector2(b, a), 0); blockFixtureDef.shape = rectangleShape; ground.createFixture(blockFixtureDef); rectangleShape.dispose(); } } } @Override public void resize(int width, int height) { camera.viewportWidth = width / 16; camera.viewportHeight = height / 16; camera.update(); } @Override public void hide() { dispose(); } @Override public void pause() { } @Override public void resume() { } @Override public void dispose() { world.dispose(); debugRenderer.dispose(); } } As you can see I'm facing multiple problems here. I'm not quite sure how to check for the bounds but also if the map is bigger than 24*24 like 1024*256 Java just crashes -.-. And with 24*24 I get like 9 fps. So I'm doing something really terrible here, it seems and I assume that there most be a (much more performant) way, even with Box2D's awesome physics. Any other ideas? Thanks in advance!

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  • HLSL Shader not working right?

    - by dvds414
    Okay so I have this shader for ambient occlusion. It loads to world correctly, but it just shows all the models as being white. I do not know why. I am just running the shader while the model is rendering, is that correct? or do I need to make a render target or something? if so then how? I'm using C++. Here is my shader. float sampleRadius; float distanceScale; float4x4 xProjection; float4x4 xView; float4x4 xWorld; float3 cornerFustrum; struct VS_OUTPUT { float4 pos : POSITION; float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0; float3 viewDirection : TEXCOORD1; }; VS_OUTPUT VertexShaderFunction( float4 Position : POSITION, float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0) { VS_OUTPUT Out = (VS_OUTPUT)0; float4 WorldPosition = mul(Position, xWorld); float4 ViewPosition = mul(WorldPosition, xView); Out.pos = mul(ViewPosition, xProjection); Position.xy = sign(Position.xy); Out.TexCoord = (float2(Position.x, -Position.y) + float2( 1.0f, 1.0f ) ) * 0.5f; float3 corner = float3(-cornerFustrum.x * Position.x, cornerFustrum.y * Position.y, cornerFustrum.z); Out.viewDirection = corner; return Out; } texture depthTexture; texture randomTexture; sampler2D depthSampler = sampler_state { Texture = <depthTexture>; ADDRESSU = CLAMP; ADDRESSV = CLAMP; MAGFILTER = LINEAR; MINFILTER = LINEAR; }; sampler2D RandNormal = sampler_state { Texture = <randomTexture>; ADDRESSU = WRAP; ADDRESSV = WRAP; MAGFILTER = LINEAR; MINFILTER = LINEAR; }; float4 PixelShaderFunction(VS_OUTPUT IN) : COLOR0 { float4 samples[16] = { float4(0.355512, -0.709318, -0.102371, 0.0 ), float4(0.534186, 0.71511, -0.115167, 0.0 ), float4(-0.87866, 0.157139, -0.115167, 0.0 ), float4(0.140679, -0.475516, -0.0639818, 0.0 ), float4(-0.0796121, 0.158842, -0.677075, 0.0 ), float4(-0.0759516, -0.101676, -0.483625, 0.0 ), float4(0.12493, -0.0223423, -0.483625, 0.0 ), float4(-0.0720074, 0.243395, -0.967251, 0.0 ), float4(-0.207641, 0.414286, 0.187755, 0.0 ), float4(-0.277332, -0.371262, 0.187755, 0.0 ), float4(0.63864, -0.114214, 0.262857, 0.0 ), float4(-0.184051, 0.622119, 0.262857, 0.0 ), float4(0.110007, -0.219486, 0.435574, 0.0 ), float4(0.235085, 0.314707, 0.696918, 0.0 ), float4(-0.290012, 0.0518654, 0.522688, 0.0 ), float4(0.0975089, -0.329594, 0.609803, 0.0 ) }; IN.TexCoord.x += 1.0/1600.0; IN.TexCoord.y += 1.0/1200.0; normalize (IN.viewDirection); float depth = tex2D(depthSampler, IN.TexCoord).a; float3 se = depth * IN.viewDirection; float3 randNormal = tex2D( RandNormal, IN.TexCoord * 200.0 ).rgb; float3 normal = tex2D(depthSampler, IN.TexCoord).rgb; float finalColor = 0.0f; for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) { float3 ray = reflect(samples[i].xyz,randNormal) * sampleRadius; //if (dot(ray, normal) < 0) // ray += normal * sampleRadius; float4 sample = float4(se + ray, 1.0f); float4 ss = mul(sample, xProjection); float2 sampleTexCoord = 0.5f * ss.xy/ss.w + float2(0.5f, 0.5f); sampleTexCoord.x += 1.0/1600.0; sampleTexCoord.y += 1.0/1200.0; float sampleDepth = tex2D(depthSampler, sampleTexCoord).a; if (sampleDepth == 1.0) { finalColor ++; } else { float occlusion = distanceScale* max(sampleDepth - depth, 0.0f); finalColor += 1.0f / (1.0f + occlusion * occlusion * 0.1); } } return float4(finalColor/16, finalColor/16, finalColor/16, 1.0f); } technique SSAO { pass P0 { VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 VertexShaderFunction(); PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 PixelShaderFunction(); } }

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  • Coordinate and positioning problem on iOS with cocos2d-x

    - by Vexille
    I'm using cocos2d-x alongside with Marmalade and running some tests and tutorials before starting an actual project with them. So far things are working reasonably well on the windows simulator, Android and even on Blackberry's Playbook, but on iOS devices (iPhone and iPad) the positioning seems to be off. To make things clearer, I put together a scene that just draws an image in the middle of the screen. It worked as expected on everything else, but this is the result I got on an iPhone: To get the coordinates for the center of the screen I'm using the VisibleRect class from the TestCpp sample. It just uses sharedOpenGLView to get the visible size and visible origin, and calculate the center from that. CCSprite* test = CCSprite::create("Ball.png", CCRectMake(0, 0, 80, 80) ); test->setPosition( ccp(VisibleRect::center().x, VisibleRect::center().y) ); this->addChild(test); Also I have a noBorder policy set on AppDelegate: CCEGLView::sharedOpenGLView()->setDesignResolutionSize(designSize.width, designSize.height, kResolutionNoBorder); One funny thing is that I tried to deploy the TestCpp sample project to some iOS devices and it worked reasonably well on the iPhone, but on the iPad the application was only being drawn on a small portion of the screen - just like what happened on the iPhone when I tried using the ShowAll policy.

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  • Looking for articles/books on: How do games make money? What models do they use?

    - by cable729
    I'm trying to research the ways in which games make money. I want to know more about the models they use (free/premium, trial/subscription, free-to-play with micro-transactions, etc.). In addition, I want information on which models work for which games, what models are best for which age groups, etc. I've tried my best to find information, and Google hasn't turned anything up at all. I think I'll stop by my University's library and see if there's anything there. This may seem like a broad question, but I'm looking for links and titles of books, not typed-out answers.

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  • Box2D platformer movement. Are joints a good idea?

    - by Romeo
    So i smashed my brains trying to make my character move. As i wanted later in the game to add explosions and bullets it wasn't a good idea to mess with the velocity and the forces/impulses didn't work as i expected so something stuck in my mind: Is it a good idea to put at his bottom a wheel(circle) which is invisible to the player that will do the movement by rotation? I will attach this to my main body with a revolute joint but i don't really know how to make the main body and wheel body to don't collide one with each other since funny things can happen. What is your oppinion?

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  • Buffer System For Items

    - by Ohmages
    I am going to reference this image of what I want to accomplish in JavaScript. This is the Diablo buffer system. This question may be a bit advanced (or possibly not even allowed). But I was wondering how you might go about implementing this type of system in a JavaScript game. Currently to implement such a system in JavaScript escapes me, and I am turning to SO to get some suggestions, ideas, and hopefully some insight in how I could accomplish this without being to costly on the CPU. Some thoughts of mine for implementing such a system would be to: Create DIVS within a DIV that hold each position of the inventory Go through each item you own in a container and see which DIV it belongs to Make said item images the DIVs image This type of system might possibly work if ALL items were 1x1, but for this example its not going to work out. I am at a complete lost of ideas how to even accomplish this. Although, maybe rendering directly to the canvas and checking mouse cords could work, there would more than likely be A HUGE annoyance when checking if other items are overlapping each other (meaning you cant place the item down, and possibly switching item with the cursor item ). That said, what am I left with? Do I need to makeshift my own hack system with messy code, or is there some source out there (that I don't know about) that has replicated this type of system in their own game. I would be very grateful to get some replies on how you might go about doing this, and will accept answers that can logically explain how you might implement such a system (code is not required). P.S. Id like to use pure JavaScript, and nothing else (even though it might be "reinventing the wheel", I also like to learn).

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  • c# scripting execution with xna (actions take more than 1 frame)

    - by user658091
    I'm trying to figure out how to implement c# scripting into my game (XNA with C#). I will be using C# as the scripting language. My question is, how to call functions that take more than 1 frame to finish? For example: class UserScript : Script { public override void execute(Game game) { //script must wait for dialog to be closed game.openDialog("This is a dialog"); //script should'nt wait for this int goldToGive = 100; goldToGive += 100; game.addGold(goldToGive); // //script should wait for cinematic to end game.startCinematic("name_of_cinematic"); //doesn't wait game.addGold(100); } } I found that you can do that with yield, but I'm not sure if it's the correct way (It's from 2010, the article mentioned no longer exists). http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3540231/implementing-a-simple-xml-based-scripting-language-for-an-xna-game Is yield the answer? If so, can anyone point me any examples/tutorials/books? I haven't found any regarding my situation. If not, what approach should I take? or am I better off with multi-threading?

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  • How to shade a texture two different colors?

    - by Venesectrix
    To give an example of what I'm asking about, I'll use Saints Row 3 since I've been playing that lately. In that game you can customize your looks and your car's appearance a lot. Your coat can have a primary color and a trim color. Your car can have a primary color and a stripe color, etc. Is there just a single coat texture that is being shaded two different colors somehow or are they overlaying a transparent second texture for the trim/stripes that gets shaded differently? If it's just one texture I'd like to know how it's done. If it's two different textures it seems like it's a waste of space. The second texture would be the same size as the first one but mostly transparent if you just wanted to lay it on top of the first one. Or are they just carefully positioning a second, smaller texture so that it aligns properly with the first one?

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  • Most suited technology for browser games?

    - by Tingle
    I was thinking about making a 2D MMO which I would in the long run support on various plattforms like desktop, mac, browser, android and ios. The server will be c++/linux based and the first client would go in the browser. So I have done some research and found that webgl and flash 11 support hardware accelerated rendering, I saw some other things like normal HTML5 painting. So my question is, which technology should I use for such a project? My main goal would be that the users have a hassle free experience using what there hardware can give them with hardware acceleration. And the client should work on the most basic out-of-the-box pc's that any casual pc or mac user has. And another criteria would be that it should be developer friendly. I've messed with webgl abit for example and that would require writing a engine from scratch - which is acceptable but not preferred. Also, in case of non-actionscript, which kind language is most prefered in terms of speed and flexability. I'm not to fond of javascript due to the garbage collector but have learned to work around it. Thank you for you time.

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  • Must all AI states be able to react to any event?

    - by Prog
    FSMs implemented with the State design pattern are a common way to design AI agents. I am familiar with the State design pattern and know how to implement it. How is this used in games to design AI agents? Consider a simplified class Monster, representing an AI agent: class Monster { State state; // other fields omitted public void update(){ // called every game-loop cycle state.execute(this); } public void setState(State state){ this.state = state; } // irrelevant stuff omitted } There are several State subclasses implementing execute() differently. So far, classic State pattern. AI agents are subject to environmental effects and other objects communicating with them. For example, an AI agent might tell another AI agent to attack (i.e. agent.attack()). Or a fireball might tell an AI agent to fall down. This means that the agent must have methods such as attack() and fallDown(), or commonly some message receiving mechanism to understand such messages. With an FSM, the current State of the agent should be the one taking care of such method calls - i.e. the agent delegates to the current state upon every event. Is this correct? If correct, how is this done? Are all states obligated by their superclass to implement methods such as attack(), fallDown() etc., so the agent can always delegate to them on almost every event? Or is it done in some other way?

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  • Am I missing something about these considerations about Leaderboard's database's schema?

    - by misiMe
    I just finished to develop a mobile game, now I want to implement an online leaerboard using mysql. I'm wondering about the database's schema, I thought about some possibilities: (I didn't got in detail with syntax because my question is just about the logic of it) Name: string; Score: integer I thought to ask the name just the first time. If, in the future, you will modify that, it will call just an update to the name associated with your id. Leaderboard(ID, Name, Score) ID: integer autoincrement, PrimaryKey With this kind of idea maybe the db will grow fast because if you choose everytime a different name for the score, it will add a new entry. Leaderboard(PhoneId, Name, Score) Here PhoneId will be the unique identifier of the phone, PrimaryKey. A con of this choice is that if you want to play with your friends' phone, you can't put a different name for the score. Leaderboard(Name, Score) Here Name is PrimaryKey. With that, if you enter a name that already exists, you will be prompted to choose another one. Do you agree with this considerations? What will you do? Am I missing something?

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  • How to keep track of previous scenes and return to them in libgdx

    - by MxyL
    I have three scenes: SceneTitle, SceneMenu, SceneLoad. (The difference between the title scene and the menu scene is that the title scene is what you see when you first turn on the game, and the menu scene is what you can access during the game. During the game, meaning, after you've hit "play!" in the title scene.) I provide the ability to save progress and consequently load a particular game. An issue that I've run into is being able to easily keep track of the previous scene. For example, if you enter the load scene and then decide to change your mind, the game needs to go back to where you were before; this isn't something that can be hardcoded. Now, an easy solution off the top of my head is to simply maintain a scene stack, which basically keeps track of history for me. A simple transaction would be as follows I'm currently in the menu scene, so the top of the stack is SceneMenu I go to the load scene, so the game pushes SceneLoad onto the stack. When I return from the load scene, the game pops SceneLoad off the stack and initializes the scene that's currently at the top, which is SceneMenu I'm coding in Java, so I can't simply pass around Classes as if they were objects, so I've decided implemented as enum for eac scene and put that on the stack and then have my scene managing class go through a list of if conditions to return the appropriate instance of the class. How can I implement my scene stack without having to do too much work maintaining it?

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  • Javascript Isometric draw optimization

    - by hustlerinc
    I'm having trouble with isometric tiles drawing. At the moment I got an array with the tiles i want to draw. And it all works fine until i increase the size of the array. Since I draw ALL tiles on the map it really affects the game performance (obviously) :D. My problem is I'm no genius when it comes to javascript and I haven't managed to just draw what is in viewport. Should be fairly simple for an expert though because its fixed sizes etc. Canvas is 960x480 pixels, each tile 64x32. This gives 16 tiles on first row, 15 on the next etc. for a total of 16 rows. Tile 0,0 is in the top-right corner. And draws X up to down and Y right to left. Going through the tiles on the first row from left to right as +X -Y. Here is the relevant part of my drawMap() function drawMap(){ var tileW = 64; // Tile Width var tileH = 32; // Tile Height var mapX = 960-32; var mapY = -16; for(i=0;i<map.length;i++){ for(j=0;j<map[i].length;j++){ var drawTile = map[i][j]; var drawObj = objectMap[i][j]; var xpos = (i-j)*tileH + mapX; var ypos = (i+j)*tileH/2 + mapY; // Place the tiles isometric. ctx.drawImage(tileImg[drawTile],xpos,ypos); if(drawObj){ ctx.drawImage(objectImg[drawObj-1],xpos,ypos-(objectImg[drawObj- 1])); } } } } Could anyone please help me how to translate this to just draw the relevant tiles? It would be deeply appreciated.

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  • Trouble with speed and vectors

    - by Eegabooga
    I'm working on adding bullets to my game. Right now I can shoot bullets in the direction that I would like from a ship by getting the ship's angle: int speed = 5; int dx = -(cos(degreesToRadians(ship.angle)) * speed); // rate of change in the x direction int dy = -(sin(degreesToRadians(ship.angle)) * speed); // rate of change in the y direction bulletPosition.addX(dx); // addX(dx) is simply bulletPosition.x += dx bulletPosition.addY(dy); The ship is pretty much the exact same thing, except I use the += operator: int dx += -(cos(degreesToRadians(angle)) * 0.15) int dy += -(sin(degreesToRadians(angle)) * 0.15); shipPosition.addX(dx); shipPosition.addY(dy); I would like to be able to add the ship's velocity to the bullet's velocity, but I'm a little confused as to how should get the speed from the ship's vector. I thought that adding the ship's dx to the bullet's dx like int dx = -(cos(degreesToRadians(ship.angle)) * speed * dx) would work because I'm adding the rate of change of the ship to the rate of change of the bullet, but that doesn't work. So here's the final question: How can I get the speed of my ship and apply it to my bullet's speed? Thanks in advance for all help :)

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