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  • Why does Unity in 2d mode employ scaling and the default othographic size the way it does?

    - by Neophyte
    I previously used SFML, XNA, Monogame, etc to create 2d games, where if I display a 100px sprite on the screen, it will take up 100px. If I use 128px tiles to create a background, the first tile will be at (0,0) while the second will be at (129,0). Unity on the other hand, has its own odd unit system, scaling on all transforms, pixel-to-units, othographic size, etc etc. So my question is two-fold, namely: Why does Unity have this system by default for 2d? Is it for mobile dev? Is there a big benefit I'm not seeing? How can I setup my environment, so that if I have a 128x128 sprite in Photoshop, it displays as a 128x128 sprite in Unity when I run my game? Note that I am targeting desktop exclusively.

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  • How can I draw crisp per-pixel images with OpenGL ES on Android?

    - by Qasim
    I have made many Android applications and games in Java before, however I am very new to OpenGL ES. Using guides online, I have made simple things in OpenGL ES, including a simple triangle and a cube. I would like to make a 2D game with OpenGL ES, but what I've been doing isn't working quite so well, as the images I draw aren't to scale, and no matter what guide I use, the image is always choppy and not the right size (I'm debugging on my Nexus S). How can I draw crisp, HD images to the screen with GL ES? Here is an example of what happens when I try to do it: And the actual image: Here is how my texture is created: //get id int id = -1; gl.glGenTextures(1, texture, 0); id = texture[0]; //get bitmap Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), R.drawable.ball); //parameters gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, id); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL10.GL_NEAREST); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL10.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL10.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); gl.glTexEnvf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL10.GL_REPLACE); GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bitmap, 0); //crop image mCropWorkspace[0] = 0; mCropWorkspace[1] = height; mCropWorkspace[2] = width; mCropWorkspace[3] = -height; ((GL11) gl).glTexParameteriv(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_CROP_RECT_OES, mCropWorkspace, 0);

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  • In concept how is Animation done?

    - by sharethis
    The first approaches in animation for my game relied mostly on sine and cosine functions with the time as parameter. As a jump a perfect sine function is acceptable but for motions of arms, weapons or face it would look quite unnatural. Moreover patching every animation out of sine and cosine is stretched to its limits soon. I head of skeletons and rigging already. Although I could not implement skeletal animations I can't imagine that quite natural animations in major games are made of static predefined motion states. So how in general is animation done today?

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  • GPU based procedual terrain borders?

    - by OnePie
    I'm working on a game that preferibly should feature a combination of designed and procedually generated terrain where the designer specifies in somewhat detailed terms what type of terrain a given area will have (grasslands, forest etc...) and then a precedual algorithm takes care of the rest. I'm not talking about minecraft style biomoes, but rather the game map for a strategy game. Each 'area' will not take up that much of the screen, and thus be more akin to a tile whose texture is procedually generated. While procedually generating terrain textures on the GPU are not that difficult, the hard part is making the borders between them look good. Currently, the 'tiles' are large enough to be visible (due to memory constraints mainly, we are talking planetary sized textures for a game taking place in space and on a continental ground view with seamless transitions between them) and creating good borders between them with an algorithm that is fast enough to be useful has proven difficult. Sampling the n-surrounding pixels and using the combiened result did not yield very good borders and was fairly slow on the GPU to boot (ca 12ms for me, that is without any lighning or shading and with very simple terrain texture shaders). So are there any practical known methods to solve this problem?

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  • OpenGL ES 2.0 gluUnProject

    - by secheung
    I've spent more time than I should trying to get my ray picking program working. I'm pretty convinced my math is solid with respect to line plane intersection, but I believe the problem lies with the changing of the mouse screen touch into 3D world space. Heres my code: public void passTouchEvents(MotionEvent e){ int[] viewport = {0,0,viewportWidth,viewportHeight}; float x = e.getX(), y = viewportHeight - e.getY(); float[] pos1 = new float[4]; float[] pos2 = new float[4]; GLU.gluUnProject( x, y, 0.0f, mViewMatrix, 0, mProjectionMatrix, 0, viewport, 0, pos1, 0); GLU.gluUnProject( x, y, 1.0f, mViewMatrix, 0, mProjectionMatrix, 0, viewport, 0, pos2, 0); } Just as a reference I've tried transforming the coordinates 0,0,0 and got an offset. It would be appreciated if you would answer using OpenGL ES 2.0 code.

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  • Javascript Isometric draw optimization

    - by hustlerinc
    I'm having trouble with isometric tiles drawing. At the moment I got an array with the tiles i want to draw. And it all works fine until i increase the size of the array. Since I draw ALL tiles on the map it really affects the game performance (obviously) :D. My problem is I'm no genius when it comes to javascript and I haven't managed to just draw what is in viewport. Should be fairly simple for an expert though because its fixed sizes etc. Canvas is 960x480 pixels, each tile 64x32. This gives 16 tiles on first row, 15 on the next etc. for a total of 16 rows. Tile 0,0 is in the top-right corner. And draws X up to down and Y right to left. Going through the tiles on the first row from left to right as +X -Y. Here is the relevant part of my drawMap() function drawMap(){ var tileW = 64; // Tile Width var tileH = 32; // Tile Height var mapX = 960-32; var mapY = -16; for(i=0;i<map.length;i++){ for(j=0;j<map[i].length;j++){ var drawTile = map[i][j]; var drawObj = objectMap[i][j]; var xpos = (i-j)*tileH + mapX; var ypos = (i+j)*tileH/2 + mapY; // Place the tiles isometric. ctx.drawImage(tileImg[drawTile],xpos,ypos); if(drawObj){ ctx.drawImage(objectImg[drawObj-1],xpos,ypos-(objectImg[drawObj- 1])); } } } } Could anyone please help me how to translate this to just draw the relevant tiles? It would be deeply appreciated.

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  • How i can sign and/or group a specific set of vertices in a 3D file container like OBJ ? - in Blender

    - by user827992
    I would like to export a 3D model with each part having a name or a label if you will. For example i would like to export a model of an human body and name each part in specifics vertex groups like: left hand, right hand, right foot, head, ears, ... and you got the idea; so i can have a single 3D model that i can explode in various parts if needed. If there is a better technique about how to mark vertex groups in a 3D file please share your solution. As 3D editor i use Blender.

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  • How to apply effects that occur (or change) over time to characters in a game?

    - by Joshua Harris
    So assume that I have a system that applies Effects to Characters like so: public class Character { private Collection<Effect> _effects; public void AddEffect (Effect e) { e.ApplyTo(this); _effects.Add(e); } public void RemoveEffect (Effect e) { e.RemoveFrom(this); _effects.Remove(e); } } public interface Effect { public void ApplyTo (Character character); public void RemoveFrom (Character character); } Example Effect: Armor Buff for 5 seconds. void someFunction() { // Do Stuff ... Timer armorTimer = new Timer(5 seconds); ArmorBuff armorbuff = new ArmorBuff(); character.AddEffect(armorBuff); armorTimer.Start(); // Do more stuff ... } // Some where else in code public void ArmorTimer_Complete() { character.RemoveEffect(armorBuff); } public class ArmorBuff implements Effect { public void applyTo(Character character) { character.changeArmor(20); } public void removeFrom(Character character) { character.changeArmor(-20); } } Ok, so this example would buff the Characters armor for 5 seconds. Easy to get working. But what about effects that change over the duration of the effect being applied. Two examples come to mind: Damage Over Time: 200 damage every second for 3 seconds. I could mimic this by applying an Effect that lasts for 1 second and has a counter set to 3, then when it is removed it could deal 200 damage, clone itself, decrement the counter of the clone, and apply the clone to the character. If it repeats this until the counter is 0, then you got a damage over time ability. I'm not a huge fan of this approach, but it does describe the behavior exactly. Degenerating Speed Boost: Gain a speed boost that degrades over 3 seconds until you return to your normal speed. This is a bit harder. I can basically do the same thing as above except having timers set to some portion of a second, such that they occur fast enough to give the appearance of degenerating smoothly over time (even though they are really just stepping down incrementally). I feel like you could get away with only 12 steps over a second (maybe less, I would have to test it and see), but this doesn't seem very elegant to me. The only other way to implement this effect would be to change the system so that the Character checks the _effects collection for effects that alter any of the properties any time that they are being used. I could handle this in functions like getCurrentSpeed() and getCurrentArmor(), but you can imagine how much of a hassle it would be to have that kind of overhead every time you want to do a calculation with movement speed (which would be every time you move your character). Is there a better way to deal with these kinds of effects or events?

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  • Bullet Physics implementing custom MotionState class

    - by Arosboro
    I'm trying to make my engine's camera a kinematic rigid body that can collide into other rigid bodies. I've overridden the btMotionState class and implemented setKinematicPos which updates the motion state's tranform. I use the overridden class when creating my kinematic body, but the collision detection fails. I'm doing this for fun trying to add collision detection and physics to Sean O' Neil's Procedural Universe I referred to the bullet wiki on MotionStates for my CPhysicsMotionState class. If it helps I can add the code for the Planetary rigid bodies, but I didn't want to clutter the post. Here is my motion state class: class CPhysicsMotionState: public btMotionState { protected: // This is the transform with position and rotation of the camera CSRTTransform* m_srtTransform; btTransform m_btPos1; public: CPhysicsMotionState(const btTransform &initialpos, CSRTTransform* srtTransform) { m_srtTransform = srtTransform; m_btPos1 = initialpos; } virtual ~CPhysicsMotionState() { // TODO Auto-generated destructor stub } virtual void getWorldTransform(btTransform &worldTrans) const { worldTrans = m_btPos1; } void setKinematicPos(btQuaternion &rot, btVector3 &pos) { m_btPos1.setRotation(rot); m_btPos1.setOrigin(pos); } virtual void setWorldTransform(const btTransform &worldTrans) { btQuaternion rot = worldTrans.getRotation(); btVector3 pos = worldTrans.getOrigin(); m_srtTransform->m_qRotate = CQuaternion(rot.x(), rot.y(), rot.z(), rot.w()); m_srtTransform->SetPosition(CVector(pos.x(), pos.y(), pos.z())); m_btPos1 = worldTrans; } }; I add a rigid body for the camera: // Create rigid body for camera btCollisionShape* cameraShape = new btSphereShape(btScalar(5.0f)); btTransform startTransform; startTransform.setIdentity(); // forgot to add this line CVector vCamera = m_srtCamera.GetPosition(); startTransform.setOrigin(btVector3(vCamera.x, vCamera.y, vCamera.z)); m_msCamera = new CPhysicsMotionState(startTransform, &m_srtCamera); btScalar tMass(80.7f); bool isDynamic = (tMass != 0.f); btVector3 localInertia(0,0,0); if (isDynamic) cameraShape->calculateLocalInertia(tMass,localInertia); btRigidBody::btRigidBodyConstructionInfo rbInfo(tMass, m_msCamera, cameraShape, localInertia); m_rigidBody = new btRigidBody(rbInfo); m_rigidBody->setCollisionFlags(m_rigidBody->getCollisionFlags() | btCollisionObject::CF_KINEMATIC_OBJECT); m_rigidBody->setActivationState(DISABLE_DEACTIVATION); This is the code in Update() that runs each frame: CSRTTransform srtCamera = CCameraTask::GetPtr()->GetCamera(); Quaternion qRotate = srtCamera.m_qRotate; btQuaternion rot = btQuaternion(qRotate.x, qRotate.y, qRotate.z, qRotate.w); CVector vCamera = CCameraTask::GetPtr()->GetPosition(); btVector3 pos = btVector3(vCamera.x, vCamera.y, vCamera.z); CPhysicsMotionState* cameraMotionState = CCameraTask::GetPtr()->GetMotionState(); cameraMotionState->setKinematicPos(rot, pos);

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  • Rain drops on screen

    - by user1075940
    I am trying to make simple rain drop effect on screen.Something like this http://fc00.deviantart.net/fs20/f/2007/302/5/6/Rain_drops_by_rockraikar.png My idea is to: Create small drop shaped normal textures,randomly put few on screen,apply texture perturbation and mix with current frame pixels. Here are my questions: -Does this idea even have sense?How professionals do this effect?Everything from text to code will be appreciated -How to pass pixels to shader of already rendered frame?

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  • Creating a 2D Line Branch

    - by Danran
    I'm looking into creating a 2D line branch, something for a "lightning effect". I did ask this question before on creating a "lightning effect" (mainly though referring to the process of the glow & after effects the lightning has & to whether it was a good method to use or not); Methods of Creating a "Lightning" effect in 2D However i never did get around to getting it working. So i've been trying today to get a seconded attempt going but i'm getting now-were :/. So to be clear on what i'm trying to-do, in this article posted; http://drilian.com/2009/02/25/lightning-bolts/ I'm trying to create the line segments seen in the images on the site. I'm confused mainly by this line in the pseudo code; // Offset the midpoint by a random amount along the normal. midPoint += Perpendicular(Normalize(endPoint-startPoint))*RandomFloat(-offsetAmount,offsetAmount); If someone could explain this to me it would be really grateful :).

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  • How should I determine direction from a phone's orientation & accelerometer?

    - by Manoj Kumar
    I have an Android application which moves a ball based on the orientation of the phone. I've been using the following code to extract the data - but how do I use it to determine what direction the ball should actually travel in? public void onSensorChanged(int sensor, float[] values) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub synchronized (this) { Log.d("HIIIII :- ", "onSensorChanged: " + sensor + ", x: " + values[0] + ", y: " + values[1] + ", z: " + values[2]); if (sensor == SensorManager.SENSOR_ORIENTATION) { System.out.println("Orientation X: " + values[0]); System.out.println("Orientation Y: " + values[1]); System.out.println("Orientation Z: " + values[2]); } if (sensor == SensorManager.SENSOR_ACCELEROMETER) { System.out.println("Accel X: " + values[0]); System.out.println("Accel Y: " + values[1]); System.out.println("Accel Z: " + values[2]); } } }

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  • Simple 2 player server

    - by Sourabh Lal
    I have recently started learning javascript and html and have developed simple 2 player games such as tick-tack-toe, battleship, and dots&boxes. However these 2 player games can only be played on one computer (i.e. the 2 players must sit together) However, I want to modify this so that one can play with a friend on a different computer. Any suggestions on how this is possible? Also since I am a beginner please do not assume that I know all the jargon.

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  • HLSL: An array of textures and sampler states

    - by nate142
    The shader must switch between multiple textures depending on the Alpha value of the original texture for each pixel. Now this would word fine if I didn't have to worry about SamplerStates. I have created my array of textures and can select a texture based on the Alpha value of the pixel. But how do I create an Array of SamplerStates and link it to my array of textures? I attempted to treat the SamplerState as a function by adding the (int i) but that didn't work. Also I can't use Texture.Sample since this is shader model 2.0. //shader model 2.0 (DX9) texture subTextures[255]; SamplerState MeshTextureSampler(int i) { Texture = (subTextures[i]); }; float4 SampleCompoundTexture(float2 texCoord, float4 diffuse) { float4 SelectedColor = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(Texture, texCoord); int i = SelectedColor.a; texture SelectedTx = subTextures[i]; return tex2D(MeshTextureSampler(i), texCoord) * diffuse; }

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  • Efficient way to calculate "vision cones" on 2D tile map?

    - by OverMachoGrande
    I'm trying to calculate which tiles a particular unit can "see" if facing a certain direction on a tile map (within a certain range and angle of facing). The easiest way would be to draw a certain number of tiles outward and raycast to each tile. However, I'm hoping for something slightly more efficient. A picture says a thousand words: The red dot is the unit (who's facing upwards). My goal is to calculate the yellow tiles. The green blocks are walls (walls are between tiles, and it's easy to check if you can pass between two tiles). The blue line represents something like the "raycasting" method I was talking about, but I'd rather not have to do this. EDIT: Units can only be facing north/south/east/west (0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees) and FoV is always 90 degrees. Should simplify some calculations. I'm thinking there's some sort of recursive-ish/stack-based/queue-based algorithm, but I can't quite figure it out. Thanks!

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  • Behavior tree implementation details

    - by angryInsomniac
    I have been looking around for implementation details of behavior trees, the best descriptions I found were by Alex Champarand and some of Damian Isla's talk about AI in Halo 2 (the video of which is locked up in the GDC vault sadly). However, both descriptions fall short of helping one actually create a BT, one particular question has been bugging me for a while. When is the tree in a behavior tree evaluated? Furthermore: If the tree is in the middle of executing a sequence of actions (patrolling waypoints) and a higher priority impulse comes in (distraction sound) , how to switch to that side of the tree seamlessly without resorting to a state machine like system and if it is decided that the impulse was irrelevant (the distraction is too far away to affect this guard), how to go back to the last thing that the guard was doing ? I have quite a few questions like this and I don't wish to flood the board with separate queries so if you know of any resource where questions like these can be answered I would be very grateful.

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  • How can I access bitmaps created in another activity?

    - by user22241
    I am currently loading my game bitmaps when the user presses 'start' in my animated splash screen activity (the first / launch activity) and the app progresses from my this activity to the main game activity, This is causing choppy animation in the splashscreen while it loads/creates the bitmaps for the new activity. I've been told that I should load all my bitmaps in one go at the very beginning. However, I can't work out how to do this - could anyone please point me in the right direction? I have 2 activities, a splash screen and the main game. Each consist of a class that extends activity and a class that extends SurfaceView (with an inner class for the rendering / logic updating). So, for example at the moment I am creating my bitmaps in the constructor of my SurfaceView class like so: public class OptionsScreen extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback { //Create variables here public OptionsScreen(Context context) { Create bitmaps here } public void intialise(){ //This method is called from onCreate() of corresponding application context // Create scaled bitmaps here (from bitmaps previously created) }

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  • XNA model drawing problem

    - by user1990950
    When using this code: public static void DrawModel(Model model, Vector3 position, Vector3 offset, float xRotation, float yRotation, float zRotation, float allrot, float xScale, float yScale, float zScale) { position.Y *= -1; offset.Y *= -1; Matrix worldMatrix = ((Matrix.CreateRotationZ(MathHelper.ToRadians(zRotation)) * Matrix.CreateRotationX(MathHelper.ToRadians(xRotation))) * Matrix.CreateRotationY(MathHelper.ToRadians(yRotation))) * (Matrix.CreateTranslation(offset) * Matrix.CreateRotationY(MathHelper.ToRadians(allrot))) * Matrix.CreateScale(xScale, yScale, zScale); worldMatrix *= Matrix.CreateTranslation(position) * theCamera.GetTransformation() * Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-(graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width / 2), graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height / 2, 0)); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in model.Meshes) { for (int i = 0; i < mesh.Effects.Count; i++) { ((BasicEffect)mesh.Effects[i]).EnableDefaultLighting(); ((BasicEffect)mesh.Effects[i]).World = worldMatrix; ((BasicEffect)mesh.Effects[i]).View = viewMatrix; ((BasicEffect)mesh.Effects[i]).Projection = projectionMatrix; } mesh.Draw(); } } The model rotates and then scales. It should scale and then rotate, but whenever I try to change it, it won't work.

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  • Why Swipe left doesn't work? [on hold]

    - by Hitesh
    I wrote the below code to detect and perform a sprite action on the single tap and swipe right event. @Override public boolean onSceneTouchEvent(Scene pScene, TouchEvent pSceneTouchEvent) { float x = 0F; int tapCount = 0; boolean playermoving = false; // TODO Auto-generated method stub if (pSceneTouchEvent.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE) { if (pSceneTouchEvent.getX() > x) { playermoving = true; players.runRight(); } if (pSceneTouchEvent.getX() < x) { Log.i("Run Left", "SPRITE Left"); } /* * if (pSceneTouchEvent.getX() < x) { System.exit(0); * Log.i("SWIPE left", "SPRITE LEFT"); } */ } if (pSceneTouchEvent.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) { playermoving = false; x = pSceneTouchEvent.getX(); tapCount++; Log.i("X CORD", String.valueOf(x)); } if (pSceneTouchEvent.isActionDown()) { if (tapCount == 1 && playermoving != true) { tapCount = 0; players.jumpRight(); } } return true; } The code works fine. The only problem is that the swipe left event is not being detected due to some reasons. What can i do to make the swipe left action work? Please help

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  • Odds For Fighting Game

    - by thinkfuture
    I'm creating a fighting game where two opponents face off against each other in the ring. While I've been able to figure out the odds of a player winning based on previous wins/losses, I have yet to find a formula which modifies those odds based on opponent. For example: Player 1: W:5 L:5 - 1/1 odds Player 2: W:5 L:0 - 1/5 odds I want to calculate the odds that Player 1 will wins against player 2. Compounding this the players could be of different levels: if the players are within a few levels of each other, the odds should map closely to wins/losses. However, as the levels diverge, the odds of the lower level player winning reduce. As a swag: Player 1 - W:5 L:5 - 1:1 odds Against a level 8 - 1:2 Against a level 9 - 2:3 Against a level 10 - 1:1 Against a level 11 - 3:2 Against a level 12 - 2:1 These are just estimates, my sense is that there is a math formula out there which will calculate that - can anyone out there point me to what this could be? Thanks...Chris

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  • OpenGL loading functions error [on hold]

    - by Ghilliedrone
    I'm new to OpenGL, and I bought a book on it for beginners. I finished writing the sample code for making a context/window. I get an error on this line at the part PFNWGLCREATECONTEXTATTRIBSARBPROC, saying "Error: expected a ')'": typedef HGLRC(APIENTRYP PFNWGLCREATECONTEXTATTRIBSARBPROC)(HDC, HGLRC, const int*); Replacing it or adding a ")" makes it error, but the error disappears when I use the OpenGL headers included in the books CD, which are OpenGL 3.0. I would like a way to make this work with the newest gl.h/wglext.h and without libraries. Here's the rest of the class if it's needed: #include <ctime> #include <windows.h> #include <iostream> #include <gl\GL.h> #include <gl\wglext.h> #include "Example.h" #include "GLWindow.h" typedef HGLRC(APIENTRYP PFNWGLCREATECONTEXTATTRIBSARBPROC)(HDC, HGLRC, const int*); PFNWGLCREATECONTEXTATTRIBSARBPROC wglCreateContextAttribsARB = NULL; bool GLWindow::create(int width, int height, int bpp, bool fullscreen) { DWORD dwExStyle; //Window Extended Style DWORD dwStyle; //Window Style m_isFullscreen = fullscreen;//Store the fullscreen flag m_windowRect.left = 0L; m_windowRect.right = (long)width; m_windowRect.top = 0L; m_windowRect.bottom = (long)height;//Set bottom to height // fill out the window class structure m_windowClass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); m_windowClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; m_windowClass.lpfnWndProc = GLWindow::StaticWndProc; //We set our static method as the event handler m_windowClass.cbClsExtra = 0; m_windowClass.cbWndExtra = 0; m_windowClass.hInstance = m_hinstance; m_windowClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); // default icon m_windowClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); // default arrow m_windowClass.hbrBackground = NULL; // don't need background m_windowClass.lpszMenuName = NULL; // no menu m_windowClass.lpszClassName = (LPCWSTR)"GLClass"; m_windowClass.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_WINLOGO); // windows logo small icon if (!RegisterClassEx(&m_windowClass)) { MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Failed to register window class", NULL, MB_OK); return false; } if (m_isFullscreen)//If we are fullscreen, we need to change the display { DEVMODE dmScreenSettings; //Device mode memset(&dmScreenSettings, 0, sizeof(dmScreenSettings)); dmScreenSettings.dmSize = sizeof(dmScreenSettings); dmScreenSettings.dmPelsWidth = width; //Screen width dmScreenSettings.dmPelsHeight = height; //Screen height dmScreenSettings.dmBitsPerPel = bpp; //Bits per pixel dmScreenSettings.dmFields = DM_BITSPERPEL | DM_PELSWIDTH | DM_PELSHEIGHT; if (ChangeDisplaySettings(&dmScreenSettings, CDS_FULLSCREEN) != DISP_CHANGE_SUCCESSFUL) { MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Display mode failed", NULL, MB_OK); m_isFullscreen = false; } } if (m_isFullscreen) //Is it fullscreen? { dwExStyle = WS_EX_APPWINDOW; //Window Extended Style dwStyle = WS_POPUP; //Windows Style ShowCursor(false); //Hide mouse pointer } else { dwExStyle = WS_EX_APPWINDOW | WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE; //Window Exteneded Style dwStyle = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW; //Windows Style } AdjustWindowRectEx(&m_windowRect, dwStyle, false, dwExStyle); //Adjust window to true requested size //Class registered, so now create window m_hwnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL, //Extended Style (LPCWSTR)"GLClass", //Class name (LPCWSTR)"Chapter 2", //App name dwStyle | WS_CLIPCHILDREN | WS_CLIPSIBLINGS, 0, 0, //x, y coordinates m_windowRect.right - m_windowRect.left, m_windowRect.bottom - m_windowRect.top, //Width and height NULL, //Handle to parent NULL, //Handle to menu m_hinstance, //Application instance this); //Pass a pointer to the GLWindow here //Check if window creation failed, hwnd would equal NULL if (!m_hwnd) { return 0; } m_hdc = GetDC(m_hwnd); ShowWindow(m_hwnd, SW_SHOW); UpdateWindow(m_hwnd); m_lastTime = GetTickCount() / 1000.0f; return true; } LRESULT CALLBACK GLWindow::StaticWndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { GLWindow* window = nullptr; //If this is the create message if (uMsg == WM_CREATE) { //Get the pointer we stored during create window = (GLWindow*)((LPCREATESTRUCT)lParam)->lpCreateParams; //Associate the window pointer with the hwnd for the other events to access SetWindowLongPtr(hWnd, GWL_USERDATA, (LONG_PTR)window); } else { //If this is not a creation event, then we should have stored a pointer to the window window = (GLWindow*)GetWindowLongPtr(hWnd, GWL_USERDATA); if (!window) { //Do the default event handling return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam); } } //Call our window's member WndProc(allows us to access member variables) return window->WndProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam); } LRESULT GLWindow::WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (uMsg) { case WM_CREATE: { m_hdc = GetDC(hWnd); setupPixelFormat(); //Set the version that we want, in this case 3.0 int attribs[] = { WGL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION_ARB, 3, WGL_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION_ARB, 0, 0}; //Create temporary context so we can get a pointer to the function HGLRC tmpContext = wglCreateContext(m_hdc); //Make the context current wglMakeCurrent(m_hdc, tmpContext); //Get the function pointer wglCreateContextAttribsARB = (PFNWGLCREATECONTEXTATTRIBSARBPROC)wglGetProcAddress("wglCreateContextAttribsARB"); //If this is NULL then OpenGl 3.0 is not supported if (!wglCreateContextAttribsARB) { MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"OpenGL 3.0 is not supported", (LPCWSTR)"An error occured", MB_ICONERROR | MB_OK); DestroyWindow(hWnd); return 0; } //Create an OpenGL 3.0 context using the new function m_hglrc = wglCreateContextAttribsARB(m_hdc, 0, attribs); //Delete the temporary context wglDeleteContext(tmpContext); //Make the GL3 context current wglMakeCurrent(m_hdc, m_hglrc); m_isRunning = true; } break; case WM_DESTROY: //Window destroy case WM_CLOSE: //Windows is closing wglMakeCurrent(m_hdc, NULL); wglDeleteContext(m_hglrc); m_isRunning = false; //Stop the main loop PostQuitMessage(0); break; case WM_SIZE: { int height = HIWORD(lParam); //Get height and width int width = LOWORD(lParam); getAttachedExample()->onResize(width, height); //Call the example's resize method } break; case WM_KEYDOWN: if (wParam == VK_ESCAPE) //If the escape key was pressed { DestroyWindow(m_hwnd); } break; default: break; } return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam); } void GLWindow::processEvents() { MSG msg; //While there are messages in the queue, store them in msg while (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) { //Process the messages TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } } Here is the header: #pragma once #include <ctime> #include <windows.h> class Example;//Declare our example class class GLWindow { public: GLWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance); //default constructor bool create(int width, int height, int bpp, bool fullscreen); void destroy(); void processEvents(); void attachExample(Example* example); bool isRunning(); //Is the window running? void swapBuffers() { SwapBuffers(m_hdc); } static LRESULT CALLBACK StaticWndProc(HWND wnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND wnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); float getElapsedSeconds(); private: Example* m_example; //A link to the example program bool m_isRunning; //Is the window still running? bool m_isFullscreen; HWND m_hwnd; //Window handle HGLRC m_hglrc; //Rendering context HDC m_hdc; //Device context RECT m_windowRect; //Window bounds HINSTANCE m_hinstance; //Application instance WNDCLASSEX m_windowClass; void setupPixelFormat(void); Example* getAttachedExample() { return m_example; } float m_lastTime; };

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  • How should I organize my matrices in a 3D game engine?

    - by Need4Sleep
    I'm working with a group of people from around the world to create a game engine (and hopefully a game with it) within the next upcoming years. My first task is to write a camera class for the engine to use in order to add cameras to the scene, with position and follow points. The problem I have is with using matrices for transformations in the class, should I keep matrices separate to each class? Such as have the model matrix in the model class, camera matrix in the camera class, or have all matrices placed in one class/chuck? I could see pros and cons for each method, but I wanted to hear some input form a more professional standpoint.

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  • Kinect joint coordinates and XNA animation

    - by Sweta Dwivedi
    I have written a program to record the x,y,z coordinated of the Hand joint and I want to animate my models 2D or 3D according to these coordinates. . .However the output of the x,y,z coordinates are fluctuating from -0 to 1 but not more than that.. So i assume I will need to multiply them back with the screen width and height, however it still doesnt seem to animate according to the original x,y,z points Any transformations I might be missing out? while ((line = r.ReadLine()) != null) { string[] temp = line.Split(','); int x = (int) float.Parse(temp[0]))* maxWidth); int y = (int) float.Parse(temp[1])) * maxHeight); }

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  • Index Check and Correct Character Display in a Console Hangman Game for Java

    - by Jen
    I have this problem wherein, I can not display the correct characters given by the character. Here's what I meant: String words, in; String replaced_words; Scanner s = new Scanner (System.in); System.out.println("Enter a line of words basing on an event, verse, place or a name of a person."); words = s.nextLine(); System.out.println("The words you just placed are now accepted."); //using char array method, we tried to place the words into a characters array. char [] c = words.toCharArray(); // we need to replace the replaced_words = words.replace(' ', '_').replaceAll("[^\\-]", "-"); for (int i = 0; i < replaced_words.length(); i++) { System.out.print(replaced_words.charAt(i) + " "); } System.out.println("Now, please input a character, guessing the words you just placed."); in = s.nextLine(); in that code, want that the user, when types a word (or should it be character?), any of the correct character the user inputs will be displayed, and changes the hyphen to it...(more like the hangman series of games). How can I achieve this?

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  • How do I pass vertex and color positions to OpenGL shaders?

    - by smoth190
    I've been trying to get this to work for the past two days, telling myself I wouldn't ask for help. I think you can see where that got me... I thought I'd try my hand at a little OpenGL, because DirectX is complex and depressing. I picked OpenGL 3.x, because even with my OpenGL 4 graphics card, all my friends don't have that, and I like to let them use my programs. There aren't really any great tutorials for OpenGL 3, most are just "type this and this will happen--the end". I'm trying to just draw a simple triangle, and so far, all I have is a blank screen with my clear color (when I set the draw type to GL_POINTS I just get a black dot). I have no idea what the problem is, so I'll just slap down the code: Here is the function that creates the triangle: void CEntityRenderable::CreateBuffers() { m_vertices = new Vertex3D[3]; m_vertexCount = 3; m_vertices[0].x = -1.0f; m_vertices[0].y = -1.0f; m_vertices[0].z = -5.0f; m_vertices[0].r = 1.0f; m_vertices[0].g = 0.0f; m_vertices[0].b = 0.0f; m_vertices[0].a = 1.0f; m_vertices[1].x = 1.0f; m_vertices[1].y = -1.0f; m_vertices[1].z = -5.0f; m_vertices[1].r = 1.0f; m_vertices[1].g = 0.0f; m_vertices[1].b = 0.0f; m_vertices[1].a = 1.0f; m_vertices[2].x = 0.0f; m_vertices[2].y = 1.0f; m_vertices[2].z = -5.0f; m_vertices[2].r = 1.0f; m_vertices[2].g = 0.0f; m_vertices[2].b = 0.0f; m_vertices[2].a = 1.0f; //Create the VAO glGenVertexArrays(1, &m_vaoID); //Bind the VAO glBindVertexArray(m_vaoID); //Create a vertex buffer glGenBuffers(1, &m_vboID); //Bind the buffer glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_vboID); //Set the buffers data glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(m_vertices), m_vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); //Set its usage glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex3D), 0); glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_TRUE, sizeof(Vertex3D), (void*)(3*sizeof(float))); //Enable glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); //Check for errors if(glGetError() != GL_NO_ERROR) { Error("Failed to create VBO: %s", gluErrorString(glGetError())); } //Unbind... glBindVertexArray(0); } The Vertex3D struct is as such... struct Vertex3D { Vertex3D() : x(0), y(0), z(0), r(0), g(0), b(0), a(1) {} float x, y, z; float r, g, b, a; }; And finally the render function: void CEntityRenderable::RenderEntity() { //Render... glBindVertexArray(m_vaoID); //Use our attribs glDrawArrays(GL_POINTS, 0, m_vertexCount); glBindVertexArray(0); //unbind OnRender(); } (And yes, I am binding and unbinding the shader. That is just in a different place) I think my problem is that I haven't fully wrapped my mind around this whole VertexAttribArray thing (the only thing I like better in DirectX was input layouts D:). This is my vertex shader: #version 330 //Matrices uniform mat4 projectionMatrix; uniform mat4 viewMatrix; uniform mat4 modelMatrix; //In values layout(location = 0) in vec3 position; layout(location = 1) in vec3 color; //Out values out vec3 frag_color; //Main shader void main(void) { //Position in world gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0); //gl_Position = projectionMatrix * viewMatrix * modelMatrix * vec4(in_Position, 1.0); //No color changes frag_color = color; } As you can see, I've disable the matrices, because that just makes debugging this thing so much harder. I tried to debug using glslDevil, but my program just crashes right before the shaders are created... so I gave up with that. This is my first shot at OpenGL since the good old days of LWJGL, but that was when I didn't even know what a shader was. Thanks for your help :)

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