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  • rotate opengl mesh relative to camera

    - by shuall
    I have a cube in opengl. It's position is determined by multiplying it's specific model matrix, the view matrix, and the projection matrix and then passing that to the shader as per this tutorial (http://www.opengl-tutorial.org/beginners-tutorials/tutorial-3-matrices/). I want to rotate it relative to the camera. The only way I can think of getting the correct axis is by multiplying the inverse of the model matrix (because that's where all the previous rotations and tranforms are stored) times the view matrix times the axis of rotation (x or y). I feel like there's got to be a better way to do this like use something other than model, view and projection matrices, or maybe I'm doing something wrong. That's what all the tutorials I've seen use. PS I'm also trying to keep with opengl 4 core stuff. edit: If quaternions would fix my problems, could someone point me to a good tutorial/example for switching from 4x4 matrices to quaternions. I'm a little daunted by the task.

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  • RasterizerState set to null after calling DrawText in Nuclex

    - by ProgrammerAtWork
    I have the following code in XNA: // class members Text t1; Text t2; Text t3; // init // Debugfont is size 24 vectorfont t1 = MM.DebugFont24.Fill("hello"); t1 = MM.DebugFont24.Extrude("hello"); t2 = MM.DebugFont24.Fill("hello"); t2 = MM.DebugFont24.Extrude("hello"); t3 = MM.DebugFont24.Fill("hello"); t3 = MM.DebugFont24.Extrude("hello"); // Draw TextBatch test = new TextBatch(MM.GD); test.DrawText(t1, Color.Red); test.DrawText(t2, Color.Red); test.DrawText(t3, Color.Red); test.End(); //After the second call to the TextBatch, RasterizerState of the GraphicsDevice is set to null //But I don't get any runtime errors or any indication of that something is wrong. Is this supposed to happen? Or am I doing something wrong? I've discovered that this happened because culling was set to None when I was rendering textures

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  • Low CPU/Memory/Memory-bandwith Pathfinding (maybe like in Warcraft 1)

    - by Valmond
    Dijkstra and A* are all nice and popular but what kind of algorithm was used in Warcraft 1 for pathfinding? I remember that the enemy could get trapped in bowl-like caverns which means there were (most probably) no full-path calculations from "start to end". If I recall correctly, the algorithm could be something like this: A) Move towards enemy until success or hitting a wall B) If blocked by a wall, follow the wall until you can move towards the enemy without being blocked and then do A) But I'd like to know, if someone knows :-) [edit] As explained to Byte56, I'm searching for a low cpu/mem/mem-bandwidth algo and wanted to know if Warcraft had some special secrets to deliver (never seen that kind of pathfinding elsewhere), I hope that that is more concordant with the stackexchange rules.

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  • Possible to pass pygame data to memory map block?

    - by toozie21
    I am building a matrix out of addressable pixels and it will be run by a Pi (over the ethernet bus). The matrix will be 75 pixels wide and 20 pixels tall. As a side project, I thought it would be neat to run pong on it. I've seen some python based pong tutorials for Pi, but the problem is that they want to pass the data out to a screen via pygame.display function. I have access to pass pixel information using a memory map block, so is there anyway to do that with pygame instead of passing it out the video port? In case anyone is curious, this was the pong tutorial I was looking at: Pong Tutorial

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  • What is the recommended library for using Lua from C++?

    - by DevilWithin
    I am currently planning how to integrate Lua scripting in my 2D Game Engine, and i would like to go straight to the most adequate solution for having C++ classes and objects exposed. I've read this (if it helps you help): http://lua-users.org/wiki/BindingCodeToLua If you have a better scripting language to recomend, go for it ;D All help is welcome, i need to pickup the best solution to start implementing Thanks

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  • Can I name a team with the name of their city to avoid trademark issues?

    - by Paul
    I was wondering, if you want to make a NBA game on smartphones, without the license held by EA, the first solution seems to name your teams with a different name, such as "Chicragro Brulls" (this is just for the example), but would it be possible to just call your team with the name of the city, such as "Chicago vs. Dallas" ? I know the first solution was chosen by Pro Evolution Soccer, would you know any other game that don't use a license?

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  • Generating and rendering not point-like particles on GPU

    - by TravisG
    Specifically I'm talking about particles as seen (for example) in the UE4 dev video here. They're not just points and seem to have a nice shape to them that seems to follow their movement. Is it possible to create these kinds of particles (efficiently) completely on the GPU (perhaps through something like motion? Or is the only (or most efficient) way to just create a small particle texture and render small quads for each particle?

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  • XNA - Obtaining depth from the scene's render target?

    - by user1423893
    I'm currently rendering my scene to a render target so it can be used for rendering methods such as post processing and order independent transparency. rtScene = new RenderTarget2D( GraphicsDevice, GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferWidth, GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferHeight, false, SurfaceFormat.Rgba64, DepthFormat.Depth24Stencil8, // Requires a depth format for objects to be drawn correctly (e.g. wireframe model surrounding model) 0, RenderTargetUsage.PreserveContents ); I am required to use RenderTargetUsage.PreserveContents so that the same render target can be rendered to multiple times, once for each of the draw methods below. DrawBackground DrawDeferred DrawForward DrawTransparent The problem is that DrawTransparent requires a copy of the scene's depth as a texture. Is there any way to obtain this from the scene render target above (rtScene)? I can't have more than one render target with RenderTargetUsage.PreserveContents as this causes problems on hardware such as the XBOX 360, so rendering the depth to a separate render target at the same time as I render the scene isn't possible as far as I can tell. Would I be able to get around this problem by "Ping-Ponging" two render targets (using the more compatible RenderTargetUsage.DiscardContents) and using the result for the depth texture?

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  • HTML5 Canvas A* Star Path finding

    - by Veyha
    I am trying to learn A* Star Path finding. Library I am using this - https://github.com/qiao/PathFinding.js But I am don't understand one thing how to do. I am need find path from player.x/player.y (player.x and player.y is both 0) to 10/10 This code return array of where I am need to move - var path = finder.findPath(player.x, player.y, 10, 10, grid); I am get array where I am need to move, but how to apply this array to my player.x and player.y? Array structure like - 0: 0 1: 0 length: 2, 0: 1 1: 0 length: 2, ... I am very sorry for my bad English language. Thanks.

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  • What should I do if my text exceeds my text render target boundaries?

    - by user1423893
    I have a method for drawing strings in 3D that does the following: Set a render target Draw each character as a quadrangle using a orthographic projection to the render target Unset the render target Draw the render target texture using a perspective projection and a world transform My problem is how to deal with strings whose characters length exceeds that of the render target dimensions? For example if I have string "This is a reallllllllllly long string" and the render target can't accommodate it, it will only capture "This is a realllll". The render target (and its size) could be set each frame but wouldn't that be far too costly?

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  • Separating logic and data in browser game

    - by Tesserex
    I've been thinking this over for days and I'm still not sure what to do. I'm trying to refactor a combat system in PHP (...sorry.) Here's what exists so far: There are two (so far) types of entities that can participate in combat. Let's just call them players and NPCs. Their data is already written pretty well. When involved in combat, these entities are wrapped with another object in the DB called a Combatant, which gives them information about the particular fight. They can be involved in multiple combats at once. I'm trying to write the logic engine for combat by having combatants injected into it. I want to be able to mock everything for testing. In order to separate logic and data, I want to have two interfaces / base classes, one being ICombatantData and the other ICombatantLogic. The two implementers of data will be one for the real objects stored in the database, and the other for my mock objects. I'm now running into uncertainties with designing the logic side of things. I can have one implementer for each of players and NPCs, but then I have an issue. A combatant needs to be able to return the entity that it wraps. Should this getter method be part of logic or data? I feel strongly that it should be in data, because the logic part is used for executing combat, and won't be available if someone is just looking up information about an upcoming fight. But the data classes only separate mock from DB, not player from NPC. If I try having two child classes of the DB data implementer, one for each entity type, then how do I architect that while keeping my mocks in the loop? Do I need some third interface like IEntityProvider that I inject into the data classes? Also with some of the ideas I've been considering, I feel like I'll have to put checks in place to make sure you don't mismatch things, like making the logic for an NPC accidentally wrap the data for a player. Does that make any sense? Is that a situation that would even be possible if the architecture is correct, or would the right design prohibit that completely so I don't need to check for it? If someone could help me just layout a class diagram or something for this it would help me a lot. Thanks. edit Also useful to note, the mock data class doesn't really need the Entity, since I'll just be specifying all the parameters like combat stats directly instead. So maybe that will affect the correct design.

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  • In a 2D tile-based game, how should NPCs and tiles reference each other?

    - by lezebulon
    I'm making a tile engine for 2D games (seen from the top). Basically the world is composed of a grid of tiles. Now I want to put for instance NPCs that can move on the map. What do you think is best: 1) each tile has a pointer to the NPC that is on its tile, or a NULL pointer 2) having a list of NPCs, and they have the coordinates of the tile they are on. 3) something else? 1) is faster for collision detection but it would use much more memory space and it is slower to find all NPCs in a map. 2) is the opposite. thanks

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  • XNA - Inconsistent accessibility: parameter type is less accessible than method

    - by DijkeMark
    I have a level class in which I make a new turret. I give the turret the level class as parameter. So far so good. Then in the Update function of the Turret I call a function Shoot(), which has that level parameter it got at the moment I created it. But from that moment it gives the following error: Inconsistent accessibility: parameter type 'Space_Game.Level' is less accessible than method 'Space_Game.GameObject.Shoot(Space_Game.Level, string)' All I know it has something to do with not thr right protection level or something like that. The level class: public Level(Game game, Viewport viewport) { _game = game; _viewport = viewport; _turret = new Turret(_game, "blue", this); _turret.SetPosition((_viewport.Width / 2).ToString(), (_viewport.Height / 2).ToString()); } The Turret Class: public Turret(Game game, String team, Level level) :base(game) { _team = team; _level = level; switch (_team) { case "blue": _texture = LoadResources._blue_turret.Texture; _rows = LoadResources._blue_turret.Rows; _columns = LoadResources._blue_turret.Columns; _maxFrameCounter = 10; break; default: break; } _frameCounter = 0; _currentFrame = 0; _currentFrameMultiplier = 1; } public override void Update() { base.Update(); SetRotation(); Shoot(_level, "turret"); } The Shoot Function (Which is in GameObject class. The Turret Class inherited the GameObject Class. (Am I saying that right?)): protected void Shoot(Level level, String type) { MouseState mouse = Mouse.GetState(); if (mouse.LeftButton == ButtonState.Pressed) { switch (_team) { case "blue": switch (type) { case "turret": TurretBullet _turretBullet = new TurretBullet(_game, _team); level.AddProjectile(_turretBullet); break; default: break; } break; default: break; } } } Thanks in Advance, Mark Dijkema

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  • Information about rendering, batches, the graphical card, performance etc. + XNA?

    - by Aidiakapi
    I know the title is a bit vague but it's hard to describe what I'm really looking for, but here goes. When it comes to CPU rendering, performance is mostly easy to estimate and straightforward, but when it comes to the GPU due to my lack of technical background information, I'm clueless. I'm using XNA so it'd be nice if theory could be related to that. So what I actually wanna know is, what happens when and where (CPU/GPU) when you do specific draw actions? What is a batch? What influence do effects, projections etc have? Is data persisted on the graphics card or is it transferred over every step? When there's talk about bandwidth, are you talking about a graphics card internal bandwidth, or the pipeline from CPU to GPU? Note: I'm not actually looking for information on how the drawing process happens, that's the GPU's business, I'm interested on all the overhead that precedes that. I'd like to understand what's going on when I do action X, to adapt my architectures and practices to that. Any articles (possibly with code examples), information, links, tutorials that give more insight in how to write better games are very much appreciated. Thanks :)

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  • Collisions on complex map 2D

    - by waxx
    I'm currently thinking about collision and map system that I want to use in my next game and I'm kind of puzzled. Maps are going to be somewhat complex with lots of irregularities and thus tiling is out of question. I thought about an editor where you'd draw rectangles on the map that would represent areas that are collidable with and then saving such "collision map" with only black/white gfx. Or maybe should I save exact rectangles data with their x/y/width/height into some text file and go from there? What would you recommend? Thanks.

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  • Best way to calculate unit deaths in browser game combat?

    - by MikeCruz13
    My browser game's combat system is written and mechanically functioning well. It's written in PHP and uses a SQL database. I'm happy with the unit balance in relation to one another. I am, however, a little worried about how I'm calculating unit deaths when one player attacks another because the deaths seem to pile up a little fast for my taste. For this system, a battle doesn't just trigger, calculate winner, and end. Instead, it is allowed to go for several rounds (say one round every 15 mins.) until one side passes a threshold of being too strong for the other player and allows players to send reinforcements between rounds. Each round, units pair up and attack each other. Essentially what I do is calculate the damage: AP = Attack Points HP = Hit Points Units AP * Quantity * Random Factors * other factors (such as attrition) I take that and divide by the defending unit's HP to find the number of casualties of defending units. So, for example (simplified to take out some factors), if I have: 500 attackers with 50 AP vs 1000 defenders with 100 HP = 250 deaths. I wonder if that last step could be handled better to reduce the deaths piling up. Some ideas: I just change all the units with more HP? I make sure to set the Attacking unit's AP to be a max of the defender's HP to make sure they only kill 1 unit. (is that fair if I have less huge units vs many small units?) I spread the damage around more by including the defending unit's quantity more? i.e. in that scenario some are dead and some are 50% damage. (How would I track this every round?) Other better mathematical approaches?

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  • correct pattern to handle a lot of entities in a game

    - by lezebulon
    In my game I usually have every NPC / items etc being derived from a base class "entity". Then they all basically have a virtual method called "update" that I would class for each entity in my game at every frame. I am assuming that this is a pattern that has a lot of downsides. What are some other ways to manage different "game objects" throughout the game? Are there other well-known patterns for this? My game is a RPG if that changes anything

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  • Collision detection between a sprite and rectangle in canvas

    - by Andy
    I'm building a Javascript + canvas game which is essentially a platformer. I have the player all set up and he's running, jumping and falling, but I'm having trouble with the collision detection between the player and blocks (the blocks will essentially be the platforms that the player moves on). The blocks are stored in an array like this: var blockList = [[50, 400, 100, 100]]; And drawn to the canvas using this: this.draw = function() { c.fillRect(blockList[0][0], blockList[0][1], 100, 100); } I'm checking for collisions using something along these lines in the player object: this.update = function() { // Check for collitions with blocks for(var i = 0; i < blockList.length; i++) { if((player.xpos + 34) > blockList[i][0] && player.ypos > blockList[i][1]) { player.xpos = blockList[i][0] - 28; return false; } } // Other code to move the player based on keyboard input etc } The idea is if the player will collide with a block in the next game update (the game uses a main loop running at 60Htz), the function will return false and exit, thus meaning the player won't move. Unfortunately, that only works when the player hits the left side of the block, and I can't work out how to make it so the player stops if it hits any side of the block. I have the properties player.xpos and player.ypos to help here.

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  • How can I get textures on edge of walls like in Super Metroid and Aquaria?

    - by meds
    Games like Super Metroid and Aquaria present the terrain with the other facing parts having rocks and stuff while deeper behind them (i.e. underground) there's different detail or just black. I would like to do something similar using polygons. Terrain is created in my current level as a set of overlapping square boxes. I'm not sure if this rendering method will work such a system for creating terrain but if anyone has ideas I'd love to hear them. Otherwise I'd like to know how I should re-write the terrain rendering system so it actually works to draw terrain in this manner...

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  • XNA Windows Phone 7 Sprite movement

    - by Darren Gaughan
    I'm working on a Windows phone game and I'm having difficulty with the sprite movement. What I want to do is make the sprite gradually move to the position that is touched on screen, when there is only one quick touch and release. At the minute all I can do is either make the sprite jump instantly to the touch location or move along to the touch location when the touch is held down. Code for jumping to touch location: TouchCollection touchCollection = TouchPanel.GetState(); foreach (TouchLocation tl in touchCollection) { if ((tl.State == TouchLocationState.Pressed) || (tl.State == TouchLocationState.Moved)) { Vector2 newPos = new Vector2(tl.Position.X,tl.Position.Y); if (position != newPos) { while (position.X < newPos.X) { position.X += (float)theGameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Milliseconds / 10.0f * spriteDirectionRight; } } } } Code to gradually move along while touch is held: TouchCollection touchCollection = TouchPanel.GetState(); foreach (TouchLocation tl in touchCollection) { if ((tl.State == TouchLocationState.Pressed) || (tl.State == TouchLocationState.Moved)) { Vector2 newPos = new Vector2(tl.Position.X,tl.Position.Y); if (position != newPos) { position.X += (float)theGameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Milliseconds / 10.0f * spriteDirectionRight; } } } These are in the Update() method of the Sprite class.

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  • Deforming surfaces

    - by Constantin
    I try to accomplish an deforming physic behaviour for levelsurfaces, but don't get an idea how to start with the implemenation so far. Regardless of the shape from the surface (planes, cubes, spheres…), I want to have small indentations at the positions from game-entitys (players, enemys, objects…). It's kind of complicated to explain, so I illustrated what I'm talking about (here is an example with an sphere): So, the surfaces should be able to deforming themselfs a little bit (to apear like an really soft bed or sofa). My surfaces need probably an high vertices count to get an smooth deforming, but my big problem is the math for calculating this deforming… I'm programming in C/C++ with OpenGL, but will be fine with any advices in the right direction. Any help would be highly appreciated,

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  • Portal View/Projection Matrix near plane

    - by melak47
    For RenderToTexture/Camera based portal rendering, the basics seems simple enough. However, with a free camera, most of the time it is going to be looking at such portals at an angle: Now a regular near clipping plane will not always work here, it will either intersect with the wall the portal is sitting on, or possibly with objects in front of the wall. The desired near clipping plane would be aligned like the portal, producing a view volume more like this: or this in 3D: So here is my question: How does one construct or "truncate" a view/projection matrix to achieve such an off-camera-normal (near) clipping plane?

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  • Circular class dependency

    - by shad0w
    Is it bad design to have 2 classes which need each other? I'm writing a small game in which I have a GameEngine class which has got a few GameState objects. To access several rendering methods, these GameState objects also need to know the GameEngine class - so it's a circular dependency. Would you call this bad design? I am just asking, because I am not quite sure and at this time I am still able to refactor these things.

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  • Wall avoidance steering

    - by Vodemki
    I making a small steering simulator using the reynolds boid algorythm. Now I want to add a wall avoidance feature. My walls are in 3D and defined using two points like that: ---------. P2 | | P1 .--------- My agents have a velocity, a position, etc... Could you tell me how to make avoidance with my agents ? Vector2D ReynoldsSteeringModel::repulsionFromWalls() { Vector2D force; vector<Wall *> wallsList = walls(); Point2D pos = self()->position(); Vector2D velocity = self()->velocity(); for (unsigned i=0; i<wallsList.size(); i++) { //TODO } return force; } Then I use all the forces returned by my boid functions and I apply it to my agent. I just need to know how to do that with my walls ? Thanks for your help.

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  • System hangs at glReadPixel call with GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY for texturing

    - by Roshan
    I am calling glReadPixel after glDrawArray call. I am rendering a geometry with 3D texture on it as a target GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY. My systems hangs at glreadpixel call. When i use target as GL_TEXTURE_3D the issue does not occurs and it correctly reads the framebuffer contents. glReadPixels(0, 0, GetViewportWidth(), GetViewportHeight(), GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, (GLvoid *)rendered_pixels); I am using SNORM textures with GL_byte data in glTeximage3D call and I am not calling glPixelStorei, is it because of this? What should be the parameter for pixelstore call?

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