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• Collision in PyGame for spinning rectangular object.touching circles

  - by OverAchiever

  I'm creating a variation of Pong. One of the differences is that I use a rectangular structure as the object which is being bounced around, and I use circles as paddles. So far, all the collision handling I've worked with was using simple math (I wasn't using the collision "feature" in PyGame). The game is contained within a 2-dimensional continuous space. The idea is that the rectangular structure will spin at different speed depending on how far from the center you touch it with the circle. Also, any extremity of the rectangular structure should be able to touch any extremity of the circle. So I need to keep track of where it has been touched on both the circle and the rectangle to figure out the direction it will be bounced to. I intend to have basically 8 possible directions (Up, down, left, right and the half points between each one of those). I can work out the calculation of how the objected will be dislocated once I get the direction it will be dislocated to based on where it has been touch. I also need to keep track of where it has been touched to decide if the rectangular structure will spin clockwise or counter-clockwise after it collided. Before I started coding, I read the resources available at the PyGame website on the collision class they have (And its respective functions). I tried to work out the logic of what I was trying to achieve based on those resources and how the game will function. The only thing I could figure out that I could do was to make each one of these objects as a group of rectangular objects, and depending on which rectangle was touched the other would behave accordingly and give the illusion it is a single object. However, not only I don't know if this will work, but I also don't know if it is gonna look convincing based on how PyGame redraws the objects. Is there a way I can use PyGame to handle these collision detections by still having a single object? Can I figure out the point of collision on both objects using functions within PyGame precisely enough to achieve what I'm looking for? P.s: I hope the question was specific and clear enough. I apologize if there were any grammar mistakes, English is not my native language.

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• Projected trajectory of a vehicle?

  - by mac

  In the game I am developing, I have to calculate if my vehicle (1) which in the example is travelling north with a speed V, can reach its target (2). The example depict the problem from atop: There are actually two possible scenarios: V is constant (resulting in trajectory 4, an arc of a circle) or the vehicle has the capacity to accelerate/decelerate (trajectory 3, an arc of a spiral). I would like to know if there is a straightforward way to verify if the vehicle is able to reach its target (as opposed to overshooting it). I'm particularly interested in trajectory #3, as I the only thing I could think of is integrating the position of the vehicle over time. EDIT: of course the vehicle has always the capacity to steer, but the steer radius vary with its speed (think to a maximum lateral g-force). EDIT2: also notice that (as most of the vehicles in real life) there is a minimum steering radius for the in-game ones too).

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• What game systems exist which uses camera input?

  - by Marc Pilgaard

  The group and I is in the middle of a semester project where we are currently researching on which game systems are using camera as input or as an interactive medium? We would like some help listing some of the game systems which uses camera input, as it seems hard to find other examples. Currently we know that webcam browser games uses camera input (Newgrounds webcam games), as well as the xbox kinect. I know this questions seems rather vague, though I still hope some people is capable of helping.

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• Learning OpenGL GLSL - VAO buffer problems?

  - by Bleary

  I've just started digging through OpenGL and GLSL, and now stumbled on something I can't get my head around this one!? I've stepped back to loading a simple cube and using a simple shader on it, but the result is triangles drawn incorrectly and/or missing. The code I had working perfectly on meshes, but was attempting to move to using VAOs so none of the code for storing the vertices and indices has changed. http://i.stack.imgur.com/RxxZ5.jpg http://i.stack.imgur.com/zSU50.jpg What I have for creating the VAO and buffers is this //Create the Vertex array object glGenVertexArrays(1, &vaoID); // Finally create our vertex buffer objects glGenBuffers(VBO_COUNT, mVBONames); glBindVertexArray(vaoID); // Save vertex attributes into GPU glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, mVBONames[VERTEX_VBO]); // Copy data into the buffer object glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, lPolygonVertexCount*VERTEX_STRIDE*sizeof(GLfloat), lVertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glEnableVertexAttribArray(pos); glVertexAttribPointer(pos, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, VERTEX_STRIDE*sizeof(GLfloat),0); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, mVBONames[INDEX_VBO]); glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, lPolygonCount*sizeof(unsigned int), lIndices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glBindVertexArray(0); And the code for drawing the mesh. glBindVertexArray(vaoID); glUseProgram(shader->programID); GLsizei lOffset = mSubMeshes[pMaterialIndex]->IndexOffset*sizeof(unsigned int); const GLsizei lElementCount = mSubMeshes[pMaterialIndex]->TriangleCount*TRIAGNLE_VERTEX_COUNT; glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, lElementCount, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, reinterpret_cast<const GLvoid*>(lOffset)); // All the points are indeed in the correct place!? //glPointSize(10.0f); //glDrawElements(GL_POINTS, lElementCount, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0); glUseProgram(0); glBindVertexArray(0); Eyes have become bleary looking at this today so any thoughts or a fresh set of eyes would be greatly appreciated.

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• Animate multiple entities

  - by Robert

  I'm trying to animate multiple(3) entities using one model(IQM format). It's working but performance is really bad because I'm calling animate function for each entity in my game loop (I think problem is there). What's the best way to animate multiple entities (with different animation ofc) in OpenGL? I think I can try build one VBO / entity for better performances but I don't think it's the best way to do it.

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• Open source management game in java

  - by jcw

  I am trying to find an open source sport management game, much like the link below, but am failing to do so. There are two links provided in the below question that are both fine,'except for one minor problem - I only know java! Is there an open source sports manager project? After some googling, I have been unsuccessful in finding a sports management game that is written in java. I am do not particullarly care about the type of sport, becuase I am mostly interested in mechanics. Does anyone know of any such projects or am I out of luck on java?

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• Tips for building an AI for a 2D racing game

  - by declique

  I have a school project to build an AI for a 2D racing game in which it will compete with several other AIs (no collision). We are given a black and white bitmap image of the racing track, we are allowed to choose basic stats for our car (handling, acceleration, max speed and brakes) after we receive the map. The AI connects to the game's server and gives to it several times a second numbers for the current acceleration and steering. The language I chose is C++, by the way. The questions are: What is the best strategy or algorithm (since I want to try and win)? I currently have in mind some ideas found on the net and one or two of my own, but I would like before I start to code that my perspective is one of the best. What good books are there on that matter? What sites should I refer to?

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• Avoid overwriting all the methods in the child class

  - by Heckel

  The context I am making a game in C++ using SFML. I have a class that controls what is displayed on the screen (manager on the image below). It has a list of all the things to draw like images, text, etc. To be able to store them in one list I created a Drawable class from which all the other drawable class inherit. The image below represents how I would organize each class. Drawable has a virtual method Draw that will be called by the manager. Image and Text overwrite this method. My problem is that I would like Image::draw method to work for Circle, Polygon, etc. since sf::CircleShape and sf::ConvexShape inherit from sf::Shape. I thought of two ways to do that. My first idea would be for Image to have a pointer on sf::Shape, and the subclasses would make it point onto their sf::CircleShape or sf::ConvexShape classes (Like on the image below). In the Polygon constructor I would write something like ptr_shape = &polygon_shape; This doesn't look very elegant because I have two variables that are, in fact, just one. My second idea is to store the sf::CircleShape and sf::ConvexShape inside the ptr_shape like ptr_shape = new sf::ConvexShape(...); and to use a function that is only in ConvexShape I would cast it like so ((sf::ConvexShape*)ptr_shape)->convex_method(); But that doesn't look very elegant either. I am not even sure I am allowed to do that. My question I added details about the whole thing because I thought that maybe my whole architecture was wrong. I would like to know how I could design my program to be safe without overwriting all the Image methods. I apologize if this question has already been asked; I have no idea what to google.

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• Are there any Java based libraries that provide game mapping features?

  - by James.Elsey

  Hi All, I'm working on a Java web based game in my spare time (springMVC / JSPs etc), and I'm wondering what are my options for dealing with the "game world" or mapping element. My game will be 2d / text based, so I have no need for any OpenGL / Flash etc. My initial idea was to use Google maps and provide a custom overlay, but I want to know if there are any alternatives? For example, if I create a 2d map with all my zones, are there any libraries that will help me plot players, work out distances and so forth? Regards

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• How can Highscores be more meaningful and engaging?

  - by Anselm Eickhoff

  I'm developing a casual Android game in which the player's success can very easily be represented by a number (I'm not more specific because I'm interested in the topic in general). Although I myself am not a highscore person at all, I was thinking of implementing a highscore for that game, but I see at least 2 problems in the classical leaderboard approach: very soon the highscore will be dominated by hardcore players, leaving no chance for beginners, who are then frustrated. This is very severe especially in casual games. there is no direct reward for being a loyal player who plays the game over and over again My current idea is to "reset" the highscore every 24 hours (for example) and each day nominate the "player of the day" who then gets a "star". Then there would be some kind of meta-highscore of players with the most stars. That way even beginners might have a chance to be "player of the day" once and continued or repeated play is rewarded much more. The idea is still very rough and there are many problems in the details and the technical implementation but I have a feeling it is a step in the right direction. Do you have creative and new ideas on how to implement highscores? Which games are doing this well / what types of highscores do you find most engaging?

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• Jittery Movement, Uncontrollably Rotating + Front of Sprite?

  - by Vipar

  So I've been looking around to try and figure out how I make my sprite face my mouse. So far the sprite moves to where my mouse is by some vector math. Now I'd like it to rotate and face the mouse as it moves. From what I've found this calculation seems to be what keeps reappearing: Sprite Rotation = Atan2(Direction Vectors Y Position, Direction Vectors X Position) I express it like so: sp.Rotation = (float)Math.Atan2(directionV.Y, directionV.X); If I just go with the above, the sprite seems to jitter left and right ever so slightly but never rotate out of that position. Seeing as Atan2 returns the rotation in radians I found another piece of calculation to add to the above which turns it into degrees: sp.Rotation = (float)Math.Atan2(directionV.Y, directionV.X) * 180 / PI; Now the sprite rotates. Problem is that it spins uncontrollably the closer it comes to the mouse. One of the problems with the above calculation is that it assumes that +y goes up rather than down on the screen. As I recorded in these two videos, the first part is the slightly jittery movement (A lot more visible when not recording) and then with the added rotation: Jittery Movement So my questions are: How do I fix that weird Jittery movement when the sprite stands still? Some have suggested to make some kind of "snap" where I set the position of the sprite directly to the mouse position when it's really close. But no matter what I do the snapping is noticeable. How do I make the sprite stop spinning uncontrollably? Is it possible to simply define the front of the sprite and use that to make it "face" the right way?

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• Tiled Editor: How is this Map Handling Collision?

  - by user2736286

  BrowserQuest map in question. From what I understand, with tiled, there are two main ways to specify collision: Create an object layer, and interpret the shapes in the engine as collision objects. Create a tiled layer, and make all tiles in the layer have a collision property, and interpret all tiles in the layer as collision objects. I'm using BrowserQuest as a big source of inspiration for my project, and I want to know how they handled collision on the level editing side. I've checked through all their layers, expecting an object layer to be handling cliff collision like: But there are no such object layers to be found. Furthermore, the tile layers containing the tiles for such cliffs have no properties at all, meaning that they didn't just specify "collision" for such tile layers. I especially need to know how they handled less rectangular shapes like: I could imagine that they are not using explicit collision layers, but instead determining collision in the actual engine, based off the presence of specific tile layer sprites. Only because BrowserQuest has whole-tile movement, and it wouldn't look too odd if a small apple, taking up only a fraction of the tile size, prevents movement over that entire tile. But I'm creating a game with more precise movement, so collision has to be tight to the apple, and I really want to know how BrowserQuest approached collision defining. If anyone knowledgeable with Tiled could take a quick look at the map, I'd appreciate it! I'm tearing my hair out here :). Thanks

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• Making retro games: Any good known game architectures?

  - by A.Quiroga

  I'm trying to do a remake of Snowbros . I'm doing it using libgdx but at each time i must try to thought how things got done . For example the physics of the jump and collisions . It seams to be time perfect , but i use the deltaTime to try to aproximate the value in game . I think in this case maybe its using some calcs with processor Hz , but i don't know. Then the simple question , is there any resources of how did they programm this games? Or any idea of the simple ideas repeated each game to game in the old style retro games.

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• Handling cameras in a large scale game engine

  - by Hannesh

  What is the correct, or most elegant, way to manage cameras in large game engines? Or should I ask, how does everybody else do it? The methods I can think of are: Binding cameras straight to the engine; if someone needs to render something, they bind their own camera to the graphics engine which is in use until another camera is bound. A camera stack; a small task can push its own camera onto the stack, and pop it off at the end to return to the "main" camera. Attaching a camera to a shader; Every shader has exactly one camera bound to it, and when the shader is used, that camera is set by the engine when the shader is in use. This allows me to implement a bunch of optimizations on the engine side. Are there other ways to do it?

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• why are my players drawn top the side of my viewport

  - by Jetbuster

  Following this admittedly brilliant and clean 2d camera class I have a camera on each player, and it works for multiplayer and i've divided the screen into two sections for split screen by giving each camera a viewport. However in the game it looks like this I'm not sure if thats their position relative to the screen or what The relevant gameScreen code, the makePlayers is setup so it could theoretically work for up to 4 players private void makePlayers() { int rowCount = 1; if (NumberOfPlayers > 2) rowCount = 2; players = new Player[NumberOfPlayers]; for (int i = 0; i < players.Length; i++) { int xSize = GameRef.Window.ClientBounds.Width / 2; int ySize = GameRef.Window.ClientBounds.Height / rowCount; int col = i % rowCount; int row = i / rowCount; int xPoint = 0 + xSize * row; int yPoint = 0 + ySize * col; Viewport viewport = new Viewport(xPoint, yPoint, xSize, ySize); Vector2 playerPosition = new Vector2(viewport.TitleSafeArea.X + viewport.TitleSafeArea.Width / 2, viewport.TitleSafeArea.Y + viewport.TitleSafeArea.Height / 2); players[i] = new Player(playerPosition, playerSprites[i], GameRef, viewport); } //players[1].Keyboard = true; } public override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { base.Draw(gameTime); foreach (Player player in players) { GraphicsDevice.Viewport = player.PlayerCamera.ViewPort; GameRef.spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, BlendState.AlphaBlend, SamplerState.PointClamp, null, null, null, player.PlayerCamera.Transform); map.Draw(GameRef.spriteBatch); // Draw the Player player.Draw(GameRef.spriteBatch); // Draw UI screen elements GraphicsDevice.Viewport = Viewport; ControlManager.Draw(GameRef.spriteBatch); GameRef.spriteBatch.End(); } } the player's initialize and draw methods are like so internal void Initialize() { this.score = 0; this.angle = (float)(Math.PI * 0 / 180);//Start sprite at it's default rotation int width = utils.scaleInt(picture.Width, imageScale); int height = utils.scaleInt(picture.Height, imageScale); this.hitBox = new HitBox(new Vector2(centerPos.X - width / 2, centerPos.Y - height / 2), width, height, Color.Black, game.Window.ClientBounds); playerCamera.Initialize(); } #region Methods public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { //Console.WriteLine("Hitbox: X({0}),Y({1})", hitBox.Points[0].X, hitBox.Points[0].Y); //Console.WriteLine("Image: X({0}),Y({1})", centerPos.X, centerPos.Y); Vector2 orgin = new Vector2(picture.Width / 2, picture.Height / 2); hitBox.Draw(spriteBatch); utils.DrawCrosshair(spriteBatch, Position, game.Window.ClientBounds, Color.Red); spriteBatch.Draw(picture, Position, null, Color.White, angle, orgin, imageScale, SpriteEffects.None, 0.1f); } as I said I think I'm gonna need to do something with the render position but I'm to entirely sure what or how it would be elegant to say the least

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• Sending Graphics to the C drive [on hold]

  - by CodeOfGenius

  I'm trying to create image files on the users' desktop. Let's say i have a picture of an orange in my eclipse workspace in the resource folder. When somebody downloads the project, I want to take that image of an orange and put it in a folder called fruit on their desktop. Whenever i export my game it can't read the images anymore which is wierd so I prefer to try this method. Just like minecraft has its' stuff in %Appdata%, I want to put a folder with my images the game uses on the desktop. There isn't any errors, I'm just asking how do i do this.

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• Debugging HLSL for Windows 8 application [migrated]

  - by Shervanator

  i'm currently in the process of creating a Windows 8 applicaiton using SharpDX (the managed c# directx wrapper). However I have ran into problems with one of my shaders and I want to know if its possible to debug such applications. PIX doesn't seem to work of directX apps as the executable does not like opening directly, and the new visual studio graphics debugging toolkit in VS2012 always states "unable to start the experiment" when I try to capture any information about my session. Thanks!

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• Finding the shorter turning direction towards a target

  - by A.B.

  I'm trying to implement a type of movement where the object gradually faces the target. The problem I've run into is figuring out which turning direction is faster. The following code works until the object's orientation crosses the -PI or PI threshold, at which point it will start turning into the opposite direction void moveToPoint(sf::Vector2f destination) { if (destination == position) return; auto distance = distanceBetweenPoints(position, destination); auto direction = angleBetweenPoints(position, destination); /// Decides whether incrementing or decrementing orientation is faster /// the next line is the problem if (atan2(sin(direction - rotation), cos(direction - rotation)) > 0 ) { /// Increment rotation rotation += rotation_speed; } else { /// Decrement rotation rotation -= rotation_speed; } if (distance < movement_speed) { position = destination; } else { position.x = position.x + movement_speed*cos(rotation); position.y = position.y + movement_speed*sin(rotation); } updateGraphics(); } 'rotation' and 'rotation_speed' are implemented as custom data type for radians which cannot have values lower than -PI and greater than PI. Any excess or deficit "wraps around". For example, -3.2 becomes ~3.08.

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• Efficiently rendering to 3D texture

  - by TravisG

  I have an existing depth texture and some other color textures, and want to process the information in them by rendering to a 3D texture (based on the depth contained in the depth texture, i.e. a point at (x/y) in the depth texture will be rendered to (x/y/texture(depth,uv)) in the 3D texture). Simply doing one manual draw call for each slice of the 3D texture (via glFramebufferTextureLayer) is terribly slow, since I don't know beforehand to what slice of the 3D texture a given texel from one of the color textures or the depth texture belongs. This means the entire process is effectively for each slice for each texel in depth texture process color textures and render to slice So I have to sample the depth texture completely per each slice, and I also have to go through the processing (at least until to discard;) for all texels in it. It would be much faster if I could rearrange the process to for each texel in depth texture figure out what slice it should end up in process color textures and render to slice Is this possible? If so, how? What I'm actually trying to do: the color textures contain lighting information (as seen from light view, it's a reflective shadow map). I want to accumulate that information in the 3D texture and then later use it to light the scene. More specifically I'm trying to implement Cryteks Light Propagation Volumes algorithm.

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• Calc direction vector based on destination vector and distance from enemy in AS3

  - by Phil

  I'm working on a zombie game in AS3 where I want a character to be able to move away from a zombie depending upon how close the zombie is. The character also has a destination that it's trying to get too on the screen. Ok so I have 2 vectors, one pointing to my destination, and one pointing to the zombie which I then invert to get my "away" vector. I then turn the distance between my character and the zombie into a value between 0 and 1. And then I'm stuck on how to get a resultant vector for my character. How would I use my 0-1 value to calculate how much of the away vector is used and how much of the original destination vector is still left if that makes sense? to end up with 1 direction vector to move my character? So if the zombie is right where my character is, then my direction vector = away vector, and if I'm far away from the zombie than my direction vector = destination vector, but how do I calculate the in-between? Ideally need the answer in AS3.

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• What is an acceptable GC frequency for a SlimDX/Windows/.NET game?

  - by Rei Miyasaka

  I understand that the Windows GC is much better than the Xbox/WP7 GC, being that it's generational and multithreaded -- so I don't need to worry quite as much about avoiding memory allocation. SlimDX even has some unavoidable functions that generate some amount of garbage (specifically, MapSubresource creates DataBoxes), yet people don't seem to be too upset about it. I'd like to use some functional paradigms to write my code too, which also means creating objects like closures and monads. I know premature optimization isn't a good thing, but are there rules of thumb or metrics that I can follow to know whether I need to cut down on allocations? Is, say, one gen 0 GC per frame too much? One thing that has me stumped is object promotions. Gen 0 GCs will supposedly finish within a millisecond or two, but if I'm understanding correctly, it's the gen 1 and 2 promotions that start to hurt. I'm not too sure how I can predict/prevent these.

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• Libgdx 2D Game, Random generated World of random size, how to get mouse coordinates?

  - by Solom

  I'm a noob and English is not my mothertongue, so please bear with me! I'm generating a map for a Sidescroller out of a 2D-array. That is, the array holds different values and I create blocks based on that value. Now, my problem is to match mouse coordinates on screen with the actual block the mouse is pointing at. public class GameScreen implements Screen { private static final int WIDTH = 100; private static final int HEIGHT = 70; private OrthographicCamera camera; private Rectangle glViewport; private Spritebatch spriteBatch; private Map map; private Block block; ... @Override public void show() { camera = new OrthographicCamera(WIDTH, HEIGHT); camera.position.set(WIDTH/2, HEIGHT/2, 0); glViewport = new Rectangle(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT); map = new Map(16384, 256); map.printTileMap(); // Debugging only spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(); } @Override public void render(float delta) { // Clear previous frame Gdx.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1 ); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); GL30 gl = Gdx.graphics.getGL30(); // gl.glViewport((int) glViewport.x, (int) glViewport.y, (int) glViewport.width, (int) glViewport.height); spriteBatch.setProjectionMatrix(camera.combined); camera.update(); spriteBatch.begin(); // Draw Map this.drawMap(); // spriteBatch.flush(); spriteBatch.end(); } private void drawMap() { for(int a = 0; a < map.getHeight(); a++) { // Bounds check (y) if(camera.position.y + camera.viewportHeight < a)// || camera.position.y - camera.viewportHeight > a) break; for(int b = 0; b < map.getWidth(); b++) { // Bounds check (x) if(camera.position.x + camera.viewportWidth < b)// || camera.position.x > b) break; // Dynamic rendering via BlockManager int id = map.getTileMap()[a][b]; Block block = BlockManager.map.get(id); if(block != null) // Check if Air { block.setPosition(b, a); spriteBatch.draw(block.getTexture(), b, a, 1 ,1); } } } } As you can see, I don't use the viewport anywhere. Not sure if I need it somewhere down the road. So, the map is 16384 blocks wide. One block is 16 pixels in size. One of my naive approaches was this: if(Gdx.input.isButtonPressed(Input.Buttons.LEFT)) { Vector3 mousePos = new Vector3(); mousePos.set(Gdx.input.getX(), Gdx.input.getY(), 0); camera.unproject(mousePos); System.out.println(Math.round(mousePos.x)); // *16); // Debugging // TODO: round // map.getTileMap()[mousePos.x][mousePos.y] = 2; // Draw at mouse position } I confused myself somewhere down the road I fear. What I want to do is, update the "block" (or rather the information in the Map/2D-Array) so that in the next render() there is another block. Basically drawing on the spriteBatch g So if anyone could point me in the right direction this would be highly appreciated. Thanks!

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• How can I fix latency problems for car game?

  - by Freddy

  Basically I'm trying to make a online car racing game for IOS using Game Center real time multiplayer. I have setup a timer that sends data every 0.02 seconds to the other player with the current position and current angle. However sometimes, it will take LONGER then these 0.02 seconds for the package to be sent and then received. In this case i have implemented a method that "calculate" what the next position should be if no position is received based on the last position and angle. However, when the data then receives for let say 0.04 seconds after, it will change back to the last position, which will result in the car "jumping" back and lag. And If i just keep ignoring the data it will never take any input from the other user. Is their any way to prevent this? I suppose this needs to be fixed with some client-sided algorithm.

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• OpenGL ES 2 jittery camera movement

  - by user16547

  First of all, I am aware that there's no camera in OpenGL (ES 2), but from my understanding proper manipulation of the projection matrix can simulate the concept of a camera. What I'm trying to do is make my camera follow my character. My game is 2D, btw. I think the principle is the following (take Super Mario Bros or Doodle Jump as reference - actually I'm trying to replicate the mechanics of the latter): when the caracter goes beyond the center of the screen (in the positive axis/direction), update the camera to be centred on the character. Else keep the camera still. I did accomplish that, however the camera movement is noticeably jittery and I ran out of ideas how to make it smoother. First of all, my game loop (following this article): private int TICKS_PER_SECOND = 30; private int SKIP_TICKS = 1000 / TICKS_PER_SECOND; private int MAX_FRAMESKIP = 5; @Override public void run() { loops = 0; if(firstLoop) { nextGameTick = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(); firstLoop = false; } while(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() > nextGameTick && loops < MAX_FRAMESKIP) { step(); nextGameTick += SKIP_TICKS; loops++; } interpolation = ( SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + SKIP_TICKS - nextGameTick ) / (float)SKIP_TICKS; draw(); } And the following code deals with moving the camera. I was unsure whether to place it in step() or draw(), but it doesn't make a difference to my problem at the moment, as I tried both and neither seemed to fix it. center just represents the y coordinate of the centre of the screen at any time. Initially it is 0. The camera object is my own custom "camera" which basically is a class that just manipulates the view and projection matrices. if(character.getVerticalSpeed() >= 0) { //only update camera if going up float[] projectionMatrix = camera.getProjectionMatrix(); if( character.getY() > center) { center += character.getVerticalSpeed(); cameraBottom = center + camera.getBottom(); cameraTop = center + camera.getTop(); Matrix.orthoM(projectionMatrix, 0, camera.getLeft(), camera.getRight(), center + camera.getBottom(), center + camera.getTop(), camera.getNear(), camera.getFar()); } } Any thought about what I should try or what I am doing wrong? Update 1: I think I updated every value you can see on screen to check whether the jittery movement is affected by that, but nothing changed, so something must be fundamentally flawed with my approach/calculations.

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• Multiple enemy array in LibGDX

  - by johnny-b

  I am trying to make a multiple enemy array, where every 30 secods a new bullet comes from a random point. And if the bullet is clicked it should disapear and a pop like an explosion should appear. And if the bullet hits the ball then the ball pops. so the bullet should change to a different sprite or texture. same with the ball pop. But all that happens is the bullet if touched pops and nothing else happens. And if modified then the bullet keeps flashing as the update is way too much. I have added COMMENTS in the code to explain more on the issues. below is the code. if more code is needed i will provide. Thank you public class GameRenderer { private GameWorld myWorld; private OrthographicCamera cam; private ShapeRenderer shapeRenderer; private SpriteBatch batcher; // Game Objects private Ball ball; private ScrollHandler scroller; private Background background; private Bullet bullet1; private BulletPop bPop; private Array<Bullet> bullets; // This is for the delay of the bullet coming one by one every 30 seconds. /** The time of the last shot fired, we set it to the current time in nano when the object is first created */ double lastShot = TimeUtils.nanoTime(); /** Convert 30 seconds into nano seconds, so 30,000 milli = 30 seconds */ double shotFreq = TimeUtils.millisToNanos(30000); // Game Assets private TextureRegion bg, bPop; private Animation bulletAnimation, ballAnimation; private Animation ballPopAnimation; public GameRenderer(GameWorld world) { myWorld = world; cam = new OrthographicCamera(); cam.setToOrtho(true, 480, 320); batcher = new SpriteBatch(); // Attach batcher to camera batcher.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); shapeRenderer = new ShapeRenderer(); shapeRenderer.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); // This is suppose to produce 10 bullets at random places on the background. bullets = new Array<Bullet>(); Bullet bullet = null; float bulletX = 00.0f; float bulletY = 00.0f; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { bulletX = MathUtils.random(-10, 10); bulletY = MathUtils.random(-10, 10); bullet = new Bullet(bulletX, bulletY); AssetLoader.bullet1.flip(true, false); AssetLoader.bullet2.flip(true, false); bullets.add(bullet); } // Call helper methods to initialize instance variables initGameObjects(); initAssets(); } private void initGameObjects() { ball = GameWorld.getBall(); bullet1 = myWorld.getBullet1(); bPop = myWorld.getBulletPop(); scroller = myWorld.getScroller(); } private void initAssets() { bg = AssetLoader.bg; ballAnimation = AssetLoader.ballAnimation; bullet1Animation = AssetLoader.bullet1Animation; ballPopAnimation = AssetLoader.ballPopAnimation; } // This is to take the bullet away when clicked or touched. public void onClick() { for (int i = 0; i < bullets.size; i++) { if (bullets.get(i).getBounds().contains(0, 0)) bullets.removeIndex(i); } } private void drawBackground() { batcher.draw(bg1, background.getX(), background.getY(), background.getWidth(), backgroundMove.getHeight()); } public void render(float runTime) { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL30.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); batcher.begin(); // Disable transparency // This is good for performance when drawing images that do not require // transparency. batcher.disableBlending(); drawBackground(); batcher.enableBlending(); // when the bullet hits the ball, it should be disposed or taken away and a ball pop sprite/texture should be put in its place if (bullet1.collides(ball)) { // draws the bPop texture but the bullet does not go just keeps going around, and the bPop texture goes. batcher.draw(AssetLoader.bPop, 195, 273); } batcher.draw(AssetLoader.ballAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), ball.getX(), ball.getY(), ball.getWidth(), ball.getHeight()); // this is where i am trying to make the bullets come one by one, and if removed via the onClick() then bPop animation // should play but does not??? if(TimeUtils.nanoTime() - lastShot > shotFreq){ // Create your stuff for (int i = 0; i < bullets.size; i++) { bullets.get(i); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.bullet1Animation.getKeyFrame(runTime), bullet1.getX(), bullet1.getY(), bullet1.getOriginX(), bullet1.getOriginY(), bullet1.getWidth(), bullet1.getHeight(), 1.0f, 1.0f, bullet1.getRotation()); if (bullets.removeValue(bullet1, false)) { batcher.draw(AssetLoader.ballPopAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), bPop1.getX(), bPop1.getY(), bPop1.getWidth(), bPop1.getHeight()); } } /* Very important to set the last shot to now, or it will mess up and go full auto */ lastShot = TimeUtils.nanoTime(); } // End SpriteBatch batcher.end(); } } Thank you

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