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• How to do pre-loading

  - by Dave

  I have a question that is confusing me with making a game. For my game launch i pre load everything for the main menu then i loop the game to display it. But lets argue player wants to launch a new game or a specific level, then you preload the relevant sounds/graphics for that level right? How ever, the player must already be running the game loop if they are at the main menu, so you can't load in the game loop or you will load every frame...but im pretty sure most big games don't preload every level when you first run the game from desktop because it would take a long time on some of these games.... How is it done :S

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• Engine for 2D Top-Down Physics-Based Skeletal Animation

  - by RylandAlmanza

  I just watched at the Sui Generis video, and was completely amazed. Specifically, the part where the big troll thing is beating up the player with his flail. This got me really excited, and I would like to try implementing something like this in a 2D Top-Down format. Something like this. That atloria example seems simple enough, but it's not exactly what I'm looking to make. I think atloria is using predefined animations, where as I would like to make something more physics-based like the Sui Generis engine does. So, I'm wondering what physics engines might work for something like this, and if I'd need to implement my own skeletal system, or if I could just use "joints" and such from the engine. The only experience I have in terms of physics engines is Box2D, which I've heard shouldn't be used for top-down settings, and I can think of a few reasons it wouldn't work out well. One of those reasons being gravity. In box 2D, gravity pulls towards a side of the screen (usually the bottom.) I wouldn't want my player's forearms constantly being pulled to one side. :) Also should mention that the programming language doesn't matter all that much to me. I'm currently playing with HTML5 stuff, though. :) Thanks in advance!

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• Extracting Frustum Planes (Hartmann & Gribbs method)

  - by DAVco

  I have been grappling with the Hartmann/Gribbs method of extracting the Frustum planes for some time now, with little success. There doesn't appear to be a "definitive" topic or tutorial which combines all the necessary information, so perhaps this can be it First of all, I am attempting to do this in C# (For Playstation Mobile), using OpenGL style Column-Major matrices in a Right-Handed coordinate system but obviously the math will work in any language. My projection matrix has a Near plane at 1.0, Far plane at 1000, FOV of 45.0 and Aspect of 1.7647. I want to get my planes in World-Space, so I build my frustum from the View-Projection Matrix (that's projectionMatrix * viewMatrix). The view Matrix is the inverse of the camera's World-Transform. The problem is; regardless of what I tweak, I can't seem to get a correct frustum. I think that I may be missing something obvious. Focusing on the Near and Far planes for the moment (since they have the most obvious normals when correct), when my camera is positioned looking down the negative z-axis, I get two planes facing in the same direction, rather than opposite directions. If i strafe my camera left and right (while still looking along the z axis) the x value of the normal vector changes. Obviously, something is fundamentally wrong here; I just can't figure out what - maybe someone here can?

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• How do I reconstruct depth in deferred rendering using an orthographic projection?

  - by Jeremie

  I've been trying to get my world space position of my pixel but I4m missing something. I'm using a orthographic view for a 2.5d game. My depth is linear and this is my code. float3 lightPos = lightPosition; float2 texCoord = PostProjToScreen(PSIn.lightPosition)+halfPixel; float depth = tex2D(depthMap, texCoord); float4 position; position.x = texCoord.x *2-1; position.y = (1-texCoord.y)*2-1; position.z = depth.r; position.w = 1; position = mul(position, inViewProjection); //position.xyz/=position.w; // I comment it but even without it it doesn't work float4 normal = (tex2D(normalMap, texCoord)-.5f) * 2; normal = normalize(normal); float3 lightDirection = normalize(lightPos-position); float att = saturate(1.0f - length(lightDirection) /attenuation); float lightning = saturate (dot(normal, lightDirection)); lightning*= brightness; return float4(lightColor* lightning*att, 1); I'm using a sphere but it's not working the way I want. I reproject the texture properly onto the sphere but the light coordinates in the pixel shader seems to be stuck at zero even if when I move the light volume update properly.

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• Possible to pass pygame data to memory map block?

  - by toozie21

  I am building a matrix out of addressable pixels and it will be run by a Pi (over the ethernet bus). The matrix will be 75 pixels wide and 20 pixels tall. As a side project, I thought it would be neat to run pong on it. I've seen some python based pong tutorials for Pi, but the problem is that they want to pass the data out to a screen via pygame.display function. I have access to pass pixel information using a memory map block, so is there anyway to do that with pygame instead of passing it out the video port? In case anyone is curious, this was the pong tutorial I was looking at: Pong Tutorial

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• How game characters are made?

  - by Ahmed

  I'm new here. I would like to know how game characters are made that are movable? What kind of software and engines are used for these characters? I will be working with my friends on our final year project. Our game will be FPS and I have to draw some animations for FPS view and other enemy character that can be programmed easily to make a good game. Sorry if my questions seems dumb, but if you need more explanation i'm always here to discuss Thanks in advance

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• Indie devs working with publishers

  - by MrDatabase

  I'm an independent game developer considering working with a publisher. This question is very informative however I have more questions. Please give feedback on the following issues... I think this can be helpful to many indie devs in the same situation. Source code: is it common for developers to give the publisher the source code? Code quality: does this matter when working with a publisher any more so than when just working on your own (or in a small team)? Just wondering if developers working for the publisher might scoff at the code quality and perhaps influence the relationship between developer and publisher. Unique game concepts: are publishers generally biased towards new/novel game concepts? Intellectual property: if I send a playable demo to a publisher what's to stop them from just reproducing the new/novel game mechanic? I think the answer is basically nothing... but I'm wondering if this is a realistic concern. Revenue sharing: how does it work? what's a common ratio? 70/30? 30/70? Flaky publishers: how common is it for a publisher to "string along" developers for a while then just drop them? Can this be reconciled with a contract of some kind? And any other issues you've encountered or heard of.

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• Component based design, but components rely on eatchother

  - by MintyAnt

  I've begun stabbing at a "Component Based" game system. Basically, each entity holds a list of components to update (and render) I inherit the "Component" class and break each game system into it. Examples: RenderComponent - Draws the entity MovementComponent - Moves the entity, deals with velocity and speed checks DamageComponent - Deals with how/if the entity gets damaged... So. My system has this: MovementComponent InputComponent Now maybe my design is off, but the InputComponent should say things like if (w key is down) add y speed to movement if (x key is down) Trigger primary attack This means that the InputComponent sort of relies on these other components. I have to do something alone the lines of: if (w key is down) { MovementComponent* entityMovement = mEntity->GetMovement(); if (entityMovement != NULL) add y speed to movement } which seems kinda crappy every update. Other options? Better design? Is this the best way? Thanks!

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• How to set sprite source coordinates?

  - by ChaosDev

  I am creating own sprite drawer with DX11 on C++. Works fine but I dont know how to apply source rectangle to texture coordinates of rendering surface(for animation sprite sheets) //source = (0,0,32,64); //RECT D3DXVECTOR2 t0 = D3DXVECTOR2( 1.0f, 0.0f); D3DXVECTOR2 t1 = D3DXVECTOR2( 1.0f, 1.0f); D3DXVECTOR2 t2 = D3DXVECTOR2( 0.0f, 1.0f); D3DXVECTOR2 t3 = D3DXVECTOR2( 0.0f, 1.0f); D3DXVECTOR2 t4 = D3DXVECTOR2( 0.0f, 0.0f); D3DXVECTOR2 t5 = D3DXVECTOR2( 1.0f, 0.0f); VertexPositionColorTexture vertices[] = { { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left+dest.right, dest.top, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t0}, { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left+dest.right, dest.top+dest.bottom, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t1}, { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left, dest.top+dest.bottom, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t2}, { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left, dest.top+dest.bottom, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t3}, { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left , dest.top, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t4}, { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left+dest.right, dest.top, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t5}, };

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• To sell or give for free

  - by QAH

  Hello everyone! I am currently making a game that I was originally planning to sell. It is a simple 2D arcade style game for the PC. I've seen many indie games become popular and generate revenue from advertisements, but the game itself remains free. I need some advice on whether or not I should sell my game, release it for free with advertisements, or ask for donations and keep the game free. I feel that my game is fun, but of course the graphics aren't tip top because I am a programmer, not an artist. I just take screenshots of 3D models I get from Turbosquid and crop around it to make a sprite. Also, and I could be very wrong about this, it seems that there are more legal issues surrounding selling a game than making it free and generating revenue from advertisement, or asking for donations. If I am wrong, someone please correct me. Also, I am very interested in generating some revenue for my work, but that isn't at the very top of my list. I am in my last year of high school, soon to be going to college, and I am going to major in computer science/software engineering. So I am trying to gain some preliminary experience at home by coding stuff every day. One way of getting this experience is by making this game. So what do you think? What route should I take? What has worked well with other indie games? Thanks in advance.

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• Generating and rendering not point-like particles on GPU

  - by TravisG

  Specifically I'm talking about particles as seen (for example) in the UE4 dev video here. They're not just points and seem to have a nice shape to them that seems to follow their movement. Is it possible to create these kinds of particles (efficiently) completely on the GPU (perhaps through something like motion? Or is the only (or most efficient) way to just create a small particle texture and render small quads for each particle?

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• How many BasicEffects do you have in a Game? What is the best way to render multiple objects/shapes at once?

  - by Deukalion

  I'm trying to understand 3D rendering and it seems that everytime you render a new object (A 3D Cube or something) you need to have a new BasicEffect for each Box you render unless you want the exact same texture? ...so if I have over a hundred boxes with each different textures, I need at least as many BasicEffects? Will that not be "too much" for the CPU/GPU in the end or result in lagging? Is there any good way to render multiple objects (cubes or other shapes) at the same time? I've tried changing the BasicEffect.Texture with each cube drawn, but it resulting in changing the first Cube's texture too. Any suggestions would be really appreciated, I'm really new to 3D in XNA so I'm trying to wrap my head around the best methods for example render a Map with objects (of shapes).

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• Ray Picking Problems

  - by A Name I Haven't Decided On

  I've read so many answers on here about how to do Ray Picking, that I thought I had the idea of it down. But when I try to implement it in my game, I get garbage. I'm working with LWJGL. Here's the code: public static Ray getPick(int mouseX, int mouseY){ glPushMatrix(); //Setting up the Mouse Clip Vector4f mouseClip = new Vector4f((float)mouseX * 2 / 960f - 1, 1 - (float)mouseY * 2 / 640f ,0 ,1); //Loading Matrices FloatBuffer modMatrix = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(16); FloatBuffer projMatrix = BufferUtils.createFloatBuffer(16); glGetFloat(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, modMatrix); glGetFloat(GL_PROJECTION_MATRIX, projMatrix); //Assigning Matrices Matrix4f proj = new Matrix4f(); Matrix4f model = new Matrix4f(); model.load(modMatrix); proj.load(projMatrix); //Multiplying the Projection Matrix by the Model View Matrix Matrix4f tempView = new Matrix4f(); Matrix4f.mul(proj, model, tempView); tempView.invert(); //Getting the Camera Position in World Space. The 4th Column of the Model View Matrix. model.invert(); Point cameraPos = new Point(model.m30, model.m31, model.m32); //Theoretically getting the vector the Picking Ray goes Vector4f rayVector = new Vector4f(); Matrix4f.transform(tempView, mouseClip, rayVector); rayVector.translate((float)-cameraPos.getX(),(float) -cameraPos.getY(),(float) -cameraPos.getZ(), 0f); rayVector.normalise(); glPopMatrix(); //This Basically Spits out a value that changes as the Camera moves. //When the Mouse moves, the values change around 0.001 points from screen edge to edge. System.out.format("Vector: %f %f %f%n", rayVector.x, rayVector.y, rayVector.z); //return new Ray(cameraPos, rayVector); return null; } I don't really know why this isn't working. I was hoping some more experienced eyes might be able to help me out. I can get the camera position like a champ, it's the vector the rays going in that I can't seem to get right. Thanks.

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• Are there any OpenGL ES 2.0 examples for JOGL?

  - by fjdutoit

  I've scoured the internet for the last few hours looking for an example of how to run even the most basic OpenGL ES 2 example using JOGL but "by Jupiter!" it has been a total fail. I tried converting the android example from the OpenGL ES 2.0 Programming Guide examples (and at the same time looking at the WebGL example -- which worked fine) yet without any success. Are there any examples out there? If anyone else wants some extra help regarding this question see this thread on the official Jogamp forum.

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• Android - Force Close - Null Pointer on Canvas?

  - by user22241

  Please bear with me. I have a very odd problem. Basically, my app so far, has 3 activities (a main splash screen, an 'options/menu' screen and the main app). If I follow the very specific steps oulined below, I get a 'null pointer exception' in the 2nd activity) and the app force closes...... Here are the steps: Start the app (a game based on Surfaceview), tap through to the third activity so the game is running, then hit the home key so the game is paused and put to the background, the activity/app is ended through DDMS in the SDK then restarted on the device (all OK so far), now if I hit the back key on the device twice in quick succession, it happens. All other sequence of events is fine, even to the point of pressing the back key, waiting for the previous activity to show, then hitting back again - all OK. Only when the back key is pressed twice in quick succession following all the above steps does the problem occur. I'm assuming that the canvas isn't ready as it's showing as 'null' when this happens, but I'm not sure why this is happening as surely it's happening when I'm trying to go back to activity 1, but the logcat shows the error in activity 2. if I stop the activity running my 'doDraw' method (which referenced the canvas), then all is OK - so I can safely assume it is the canvas causing the problem. Also, if I skip my first activity (which is a very basic full-screen button which just displays a splashscreen and waits for the user to tap the screen), and make my 2nd activity the launch activity, again, it is OK. this is the part of the code that I think is probably relevant: @Override public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder arg0, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) { vheight = this.getHeight(); vwidth = this.getWidth(); } @Override public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) { vheight = this.getHeight(); vwidth = this.getWidth(); this.viewWidth = vwidth; this.viewHeight = vheight; if (runthread==false){ if (preThread.getState()==Thread.State.TERMINATED){ preThread = new OptionsThread(thisholder, thiscontext, thishandler); } preThread.setRunning(true); preThread.start();} } @Override public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) { preThread.setRunning(false); //Stop the loop boolean retry = true; //Stop the thread while (retry) { try { preThread.join(); retry = false; } catch (InterruptedException e) { } } Thank you all for any help you can offer

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• Need efficient way to keep enemy from getting hit multiple times by same source

  - by TenFour04

  My game's a simple 2D one, but this probably applies to many types of scenarios. Suppose my player has a sword, or a gun that shoots a projectile that can pass through and hit multiple enemies. While the sword is swinging, there is a duration where I am checking for the sword making contact with any enemy on every frame. But once an enemy is hit by that sword, I don't want him to continue getting hit over and over as the sword follows through. (I do want the sword to continue checking whether it is hitting other enemies.) I've thought of a couple different approaches (below), but they don't seem like good ones to me. I'm looking for a way that doesn't force cross-referencing (I don't want the enemy to have to send a message back to the sword/projectile). And I'd like to avoid generating/resetting multiple array lists with every attack. Each time the sword swings it generates a unique id (maybe by just incrementing a global static long). Every enemy keeps a list of id's of swipes or projectiles that have already hit them, so the enemy knows not to get hurt by something multiple times. Downside is that every enemy may have a big list to compare to. So projectiles and sword swipes would have to broadcast their end-of-life to all enemies and cause a search and remove on every enemy's array list. Seems kind of slow. Each sword swipe or projectile keeps its own list of enemies that it has already hit so it knows not to apply damage. Downsides: Have to generate a new list (probably pull from a pool and clear one) every time a sword is swung or a projectile shot. Also, this breaks down modularity, because now the sword has to send a message to the enemy, and the enemy has to send a message back to the sword. Seems to me that two-way streets like this are a great way to create very difficult-to-find bugs.

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• How can I teleport seamlessly, without using interpolation?

  - by modchan

  I've been implementing Bukkit plugin for creating toggleable in-game warping areas that will teleport any catched entity to other similar area. I was going to implement concept of non-Euclidean maze using this plugin, but, unfortunately, I've discovered that doing Entity.teleport() causes client to interpolate movement while teleporting, so player slides towards target like Enderman and receives screen updates, so for a split second all underground stuff is visible. While for "just teleport me where I want" usage this is just fine, it ruins whole idea of seamless teleporting, as player can clearly see when transfer happened even without need to look at debug screen. Is there possibility to somehow disable interpolating while teleporting without modifying client, or maybe prevent client from updating screen while it's being teleported?

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• Handling player/background movements in 2D games

  - by lukeluke

  Suppose you have your animated character controlled by the player and a 2D world (like the old 2D side-scrolling games). When the user press right on the keyboard, the background is moved to the right. If the path is always horizontal, this is simple to do (incrementation/decrementation of the x-coordinate). But suppose that the path is instead a polygonal chain. My questions are: How do you move the background? How do you move the background if the game objects are managed with a physics engine like box2D?

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• Isometric tile selection

  - by Dylan Lundy

  I'm not all that good with Maths. I'm trying to make a function to convert mouse coordinates into a particular tile in an isometric view. All of the algorithms I have seen so far work with the X & Y axes going diagonal, my game is currently set up like this, and I would like to keep it so. Is there an algorithm so that if the mouse was at the red dot, it would return the coordinates of the tile that it is sitting on? (6,2)

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• Dynamic content realoding

  - by Kikaimaru

  Is there a relatively simple way to dynamicaly reload content files? (ie: effect files) I know i can do following: Detect change of file Run content pipeline to rebuild that specific file Unload ALL content that was loaded Load All content And use double references to reference content files. Problem is with step 3 (and step 2 isn't that nice too). But i need to unload everything because if i have model Hero.x which references Model.fx effect, and i change Model.fx file, i need to reload Hero.x file which will then call LoadExternalReference on Model.fx. So I guess question is, did someone mange to make this work without rewriting whole ContentManager (and every ContentReader) and tracking calls to LoadExternalReference?

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• What is going on in this SAT/vector projection code?

  - by ssb

  I'm looking at the example XNA SAT collision code presented here: http://www.xnadevelopment.com/tutorials/rotatedrectanglecollisions/rotatedrectanglecollisions.shtml See the following code: private int GenerateScalar(Vector2 theRectangleCorner, Vector2 theAxis) { //Using the formula for Vector projection. Take the corner being passed in //and project it onto the given Axis float aNumerator = (theRectangleCorner.X * theAxis.X) + (theRectangleCorner.Y * theAxis.Y); float aDenominator = (theAxis.X * theAxis.X) + (theAxis.Y * theAxis.Y); float aDivisionResult = aNumerator / aDenominator; Vector2 aCornerProjected = new Vector2(aDivisionResult * theAxis.X, aDivisionResult * theAxis.Y); //Now that we have our projected Vector, calculate a scalar of that projection //that can be used to more easily do comparisons float aScalar = (theAxis.X * aCornerProjected.X) + (theAxis.Y * aCornerProjected.Y); return (int)aScalar; } I think the problems I'm having with this come mostly from translating physics concepts into data structures. For example, earlier in the code there is a calculation of the axes to be used, and these are stored as Vector2, and they are found by subtracting one point from another, however these points are also stored as Vector2s. So are the axes being stored as slopes in a single Vector2? Next, what exactly does the Vector2 produced by the vector projection code represent? That is, I know it represents the projected vector, but as it pertains to a Vector2, what does this represent? A point on a line? Finally, what does the scalar at the end actually represent? It's fine to tell me that you're getting a scalar value of the projected vector, but none of the information I can find online seems to tell me about a scalar of a vector as it's used in this context. I don't see angles or magnitudes with these vectors so I'm a little disoriented when it comes to thinking in terms of physics. If this final scalar calculation is just a dot product, how is that directly applicable to SAT from here on? Is this what I use to calculate maximum/minimum values for overlap? I guess I'm just having trouble figuring out exactly what the dot product is representing in this particular context. Clearly I'm not quite up to date on my elementary physics, but any explanations would be greatly appreciated.

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• InputLayout handling

  - by Kikaimaru

  Where are you supposed to store InputLayout? Suppose i have some basic structure like. class Mesh { List<MeshPart> MeshParts } class MeshPart { Effect Effect; VertexBufferBinding VertexBuffer; ... } Where should I store input layout? It's a connection between vertex buffer and specific pass, i can live with just 1 pass but I still have diffferent techniques so i need at least an array with some connection to effecttechniques, but I would appriciate something not crazy like dictionary. I could also create wrapper for Effect and EffectTechnique, but there must be some normal solution.

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• Changing coordinate system from Z-up to Y-up

  - by Jari Komppa

  Blender's coordinate system is different from what I'm used to, in that Z points upwards instead of Y. What would be the simplest way of converting all the world data (so that all animations, texture coordinates, etc still work) so that Y points upwards? Clarification: Object positions are defined as matrices, so just switching translation/rotation/scale information in matrices is not a trivial task.

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• libGDX using Stage and Actor produces different camera angles on desktop and Android Phone

  - by Brandon

  libGDX using Stage and Actor produces different camera angles on desktop and Android Phone. Here are pictures demonstrating the problem: http://brandonyuh.minus.com/mFpdTSgN17VUq On the desktop version, the image takes up most all the screen. On the Android phone it only takes up a bit of the screen. Here's the code (not my actual project but I isolated the problem): package com.me.mygdxgame2; import com.badlogic.gdx.*; import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.*; import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture.TextureFilter; import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.*; import com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.*; public class MyGdxGame2 implements ApplicationListener { private Stage stage; public void create() { stage = new Stage(); stage.addActor(new ActorHi()); } public void render() { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 1, 0, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); stage.draw(); } public void dispose() {} public void resize(int width, int height) {} public void pause() {} public void resume() {} public class ActorHi extends Actor { private Sprite sprite; public ActorHi() { Texture texture = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("data/hi.png")); texture.setFilter(TextureFilter.Linear, TextureFilter.Linear); sprite = new Sprite(new TextureRegion(texture, 0, 0, 128, 128)); sprite.setBounds(0, 0, 300.0f, 300.0f); } public void draw(SpriteBatch batch, float parentAlpha) { sprite.draw(batch); } } } hi.png is included in the above link Thank you very much for answering my question. I've spent 3 days trying to figure it out.

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• How are vertex shader outs sent as inputs to the fragment shader?

  - by Jeffrey

  I'm learning some OpenGL 3.2 way of doing things and I think it's quite great, I'm actually understanding more of shaders and non-fixed pipeline in 1 week rather than those 2 years I tried to learn OpenGL fixed pipeline functions. But here's my question: From what I think I've understood the vertex shader is run for each vertexes in the VBO. But the fragments shader is run per each pixel (is that right?) which is a huge number compared to let's say 3 vertexes of a triangle. Now it seems that in the vertex shader the out variables (like colors and stuff) are passed 1 to 1 to the fragment shader. But let's say that I pass to the fragment shader the position of the vertex in the vertex shader. How is all executed? What vertex (A, B or C of the hipothetical triangle) is passed per each fragment and why?

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