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• OpenVPN bad source address from client

  - by Bogdan

  I have one problem with OpenVPN. There are a lot drops records in the openvpn log file on the server: Mon Oct 22 10:14:41 2012 us=726541 laptop/???:1194 MULTI: bad source address from client [192.168.1.107], packet dropped grep -E "^[a-z]" server.conf ----- port 1194 proto udp dev tun ca data/ca.crt cert data/server.crt key data/server.key dh data/dh1024.pem tls-server tls-auth data/ta.key 0 remote-cert-tls client cipher AES-256-CBC tun-mtu 1200 server 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" client-to-client client-config-dir /etc/openvpn/ccd route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo persist-key persist-tun max-clients 5 status /var/log/status-openvpn.log log /var/log/openvpn.log verb 4 auth-user-pass-verify /etc/openvpn/verify.sh via-file tmp-dir /tmp script-security 2 ----- cat ccd/laptop ----- iroute 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 ----- cat client.conf ----- remote server ip 1194 client dev tun ping 10 comp-lzo proto udp tls-client tls-auth data/ta.key 1 pkcs12 data/vpn.laptop.p12 remote-cert-tls server #ns-cert-type server persist-key persist-tun cipher AES-256-CBC verb 3 pull auth-user-pass /home/user/.openvpn/users.db ----- According to "Jan Just Keijser - OpenVPN 2 Cookbook" root of the problem is incorrect config options.see the screenshot But, as you see, my config has such options. Could you please help me to solve this problem. @week Verb leverl=6; client log. Mon Oct 22 16:06:02 2012 do_ifconfig, tt->ipv6=0, tt->did_ifconfig_ipv6_setup=0 Mon Oct 22 16:06:02 2012 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.10.10.3 pointopoint 10.10.10.5 mtu 1500 Mon Oct 22 16:06:02 2012 /sbin/route add -net xxxx netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 192.168.1.1 Mon Oct 22 16:06:02 2012 /sbin/route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 128.0.0.0 gw 10.10.10.5 Mon Oct 22 16:06:02 2012 /sbin/route add -net 128.0.0.0 netmask 128.0.0.0 gw 10.10.10.5 Mon Oct 22 16:06:02 2012 Initialization Sequence Completed cat ccd/latop iroute 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-push 10.10.10.3 10.10.10.5

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• Debugging "clogged" TCP connections

  - by Nikratio

  I'm having trouble with an internet connection that seems to randomly "freeze" arbitrary tcp connections. The connections stay established, but no data is coming through. When this happens, netstat still shows the connection status as ESTABLISHED on both the local computer: Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name Timer tcp 0 53 192.168.0.10:41129 173.255.235.238:143 ESTABLISHED 8219/gnutls-cli on (79.31/13/0) ..and the remote server: Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name Timer tcp 0 0 173.255.235.238:143 68.5.174.98:41129 ESTABLISHED 5303/imapd off (0.00/0/0) However, it seems that no data at all is transferred. If I run strace on the local and remote process, both just show a repeating sequence of select calls (with different fds of course), e.g. select(6, [0 5], NULL, NULL, {0, 50000}) = 0 (Timeout) select(6, [0 5], NULL, NULL, {0, 50000}) = 0 (Timeout) select(6, [0 5], NULL, NULL, {0, 50000}) = 0 (Timeout) The internet connection overall does not seem affected, I can still establish new connections to the same service on the same server without any problems. However, the affected local applications seem to be unaware of the problem and just hang. When I look at a packet capture of this connection on the client side, the last thing that happens is that the client transmits some data, then nothing happens for about 1100 seconds, and then several TCP Retransmission requests go out, with intervals increasing from 4 seconds to 130 seconds. No activity is captured after that. After about 10 minutes, the connection on the remote end disappears from the netstat (I wasn't able to catch any intermediate state), but still stays ESTABLISHED on the local end. Finally, after some more minutes, the local application aborts with a timeout and disappears from the local netstat output as well. Does anyone have a suggestion of how I could debug this further to find out where the problem lies and how to fix it? Additionaly and/or as a temporary workaround: is is there some way to globally reduce the timeout on client and/or server to reduce the time before the local application aborts?

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• WCF timeout exception detailed investigation

  - by Jason Kealey

  We have an application that has a WCF service (*.svc) running on IIS7 and various clients querying the service. The server is running Win 2008 Server. The clients are running either Windows 2008 Server or Windows 2003 server. I am getting the following exception, which I have seen can in fact be related to a large number of potential WCF issues. System.TimeoutException: The request channel timed out while waiting for a reply after 00:00:59.9320000. Increase the timeout value passed to the call to Request or increase the SendTimeout value on the Binding. The time allotted to this operation may have been a portion of a longer timeout. ---> System.TimeoutException: The HTTP request to 'http://www.domain.com/WebServices/myservice.svc/gzip' has exceeded the allotted timeout of 00:01:00. The time allotted to this operation may have been a portion of a longer timeout. I have increased the timeout to 30min and the error still occurred. This tells me that something else is at play, because the quantity of data could never take 30min to upload or download. The error comes and goes. At the moment, it is more frequent. It does not seem to matter if I have 3 clients running simultaneously or 100, it still occurs once in a while. Most of the time, there are no timeouts but I still get a few per hour. The error comes from any of the methods that are invoked. One of these methods does not have parameters and returns a bit of data. Another takes in lots of data as a parameter but executes asynchronously. The errors always originate from the client and never reference any code on the server in the stack trace. It always ends with: at System.Net.HttpWebRequest.GetResponse() at System.ServiceModel.Channels.HttpChannelFactory.HttpRequestChannel.HttpChannelRequest.WaitForReply(TimeSpan timeout) On the server: I've tried (and currently have) the following binding settings: maxBufferSize="2147483647" maxReceivedMessageSize="2147483647" maxBufferPoolSize="2147483647" It does not seem to have an impact. I've tried (and currently have) the following throttling settings: <serviceThrottling maxConcurrentCalls="1500" maxConcurrentInstances="1500" maxConcurrentSessions="1500"/> It does not seem to have an impact. I currently have the following settings for the WCF service. [ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.Single, ConcurrencyMode = ConcurrencyMode.Single)] I ran with ConcurrencyMode.Multiple for a while, and the error still occurred. I've tried restarting IIS, restarting my underlying SQL Server, restarting the machine. All of these don't seem to have an impact. I've tried disabling the Windows firewall. It does not seem to have an impact. On the client, I have these settings: maxReceivedMessageSize="2147483647" <system.net> <connectionManagement> <add address="*" maxconnection="16"/> </connectionManagement> </system.net> My client closes its connections: var client = new MyClient(); try { return client.GetConfigurationOptions(); } finally { client.Close(); } I have changed the registry settings to allow more outgoing connections: MaxConnectionsPerServer=24, MaxConnectionsPer1_0Server=32. I have now just recently tried SvcTraceViewer.exe. I managed to catch one exception on the client end. I see that its duration is 1 minute. Looking at the server side trace, I can see that the server is not aware of this exception. The maximum duration I can see is 10 seconds. I have looked at active database connections using exec sp_who on the server. I only have a few (2-3). I have looked at TCP connections from one client using TCPview. It usually is around 2-3 and I have seen up to 5 or 6. Simply put, I am stumped. I have tried everything I could find, and must be missing something very simple that a WCF expert would be able to see. It is my gut feeling that something is blocking my clients at the low-level (TCP), before the server actually receives the message and/or that something is queuing the messages at the server level and never letting them process. If you have any performance counters I should look at, please let me know. (please indicate what values are bad, as some of these counters are hard to decypher). Also, how could I log the WCF message size? Finally, are there any tools our there that would allow me to test how many connections I can establish between my client and server (independently from my application) Thanks for your time! Extra information added June 20th: My WCF application does something similar to the following. while (true) { Step1GetConfigurationSettingsFromServerViaWCF(); // can change between calls Step2GetWorkUnitFromServerViaWCF(); DoWorkLocally(); // takes 5-15minutes. Step3SendBackResultsToServerViaWCF(); } Using WireShark, I did see that when the error occurs, I have a five TCP retransmissions followed by a TCP reset later on. My guess is the RST is coming from WCF killing the connection. The exception report I get is from Step3 timing out. I discovered this by looking at the tcp stream "tcp.stream eq 192". I then expanded my filter to "tcp.stream eq 192 and http and http.request.method eq POST" and saw 6 POSTs during this stream. This seemed odd, so I checked with another stream such as tcp.stream eq 100. I had three POSTs, which seems a bit more normal because I am doing three calls. However, I do close my connection after every WCF call, so I would have expected one call per stream (but I don't know much about TCP). Investigating a bit more, I dumped the http packet load to disk to look at what these six calls where. 1) Step3 2) Step1 3) Step2 4) Step3 - corrupted 5) Step1 6) Step2 My guess is two concurrent clients are using the same connection, that is why I saw duplicates. However, I still have a few more issues that I can't comprehend: a) Why is the packet corrupted? Random network fluke - maybe? The load is gzipped using this sample code: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms751458.aspx - Could the code be buggy once in a while when used concurrently? I should test without the gzip library. b) Why would I see step 1 & step 2 running AFTER the corrupted operation timed out? It seems to me as if these operations should not have occurred. Maybe I am not looking at the right stream because my understanding of TCP is flawed. I have other streams that occur at the same time. I should investigate other streams - a quick glance at streams 190-194 show that the Step3 POST have proper payload data (not corrupted). Pushing me to look at the gzip library again.

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• Cisco router not receiving OSPF updates

  - by WebDevHobo

  Or at least, that's what I think is happening. There doesn't appear to be a debug command for this, or to see if something is in the routing table. I'm testing out this setup in Packet Tracer. I have 3 routers and a webserver From left to right, you have: Webserver - Router1 - Router2 - Router3 Router1 and Router2 can succesfully ping WebServer. Router3 cannot. Router2 has a default gateway set, to send all not-recognized data through its serial interface to Router1. Like this: ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Serial 0/0/1 Serial 0/0/1 being the connection to Router1 Router2 and Router3 have OSPF configured. From their "show run": Router2: router ospf 1 log-adjacency-changes passive-interface Serial0/0/1 network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0 default-information originate ! Router3: router ospf 1 log-adjacency-changes network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0 passive-interface FastEthernet0/0 ! I was under the assumption that setting default-information originate on Router2 would give Router3 the needed information. What's going wrong here? The interfaces are up. Ip addresses are with mask-range, clock rate is set at correct end. I don't know what else to check.

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• how does a computer know which IP address will route information to the internet? [closed]

  - by JohnMerlino

  Possible Duplicate: How does IPv4 Subnetting Work? For example, I have a computer with a Network Inteface Card (NIC) which is an Ethernet card that is connected by Ethernet cables to a router. There is also another computer with a cable that is connected in another port of the router. This is a Belkin router operating over an Ethernet in the LAN. When I connect to serverfault.com, it maps to an IP address. My computer now has a task of connecting to that IP address. But my computer itself cannot connect to the serverfault IP address. Only the router can. So the task of my computer is to find the IP address associated with the node that will do the routing to the public internet. How does my computer know that a particular IP address in the local network belongs to the router, and is not another computer connected to the network? Is this information configured manually in the operating system itself? Somehow my computer must know that it must send ethernet frames to the router with the expectation that the router will then send the packet to a public IP. How does it know to send it to the router? Is the router's ip address stored in my computer like a key/value pair e.g. "router"="192.168.2.6", so that when I put a public ip address, my computer first knows to connect to 192.168.2.6?

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• Remote Desktop *from* Windows 2008 R2 Server

  - by freefaller

  Summary: how do I create an RDC connection from a Windows 2008 server to another server? Our client will only allow us to connect to their server via a static IP address (which is fair enough), but unfortunately as we're a very small company we don't have one in the office. As a work around, we had the connection working through our old Windows 2003 server (dynamic-cloud from 1and1). .. however we have just rebuilt the server to run under Windows 2008 R2 (don't ask, but it was necessary), and now I simply cannot get the connection working. I have added an "Outbound Rule" to Windows Firewall with Advanced Security (TCP, All local ports, 3389 remote port - I have also tried the other way around). I have added a packet filter IP security rule with the same details. The 1and1 firewall rules (through their online control panel) allows for 3389 TCP and UDP. But it is simply not connecting (yes, the server is definitely on and able to accept connections) with the general error of... Remote Desktop can’t connect to the remote computer for one of these reasons: 1) Remote access to the server is not enabled 2) The remote computer is turned off 3) The remote computer is not available on the network Is there anything obvious I've missed - or something I can use to find out where the request is being blocked? The new server is using the exact same IP address as before, so I don't believe that would be an issue. Unless it's trying to use an IPv6 address rather than the old IPv4 address that it was before? I apologise that I am not a network person by trade, but I know more than anybody else in my office!!

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• OpenBSD logins via SSH seem to be ignoring my configured radius server

  - by Steve Kemp

  I've installed and configured a radius server upon my localhost - it is delegating auth to a remote LDAP server. Initially things look good: I can test via the console: # export user=skemp # export pass=xxx # radtest $user $pass localhost 1812 $secret Sending Access-Request of id 185 to 127.0.0.1 port 1812 User-Name = "skemp" User-Password = "xxx" NAS-IP-Address = 192.168.1.168 NAS-Port = 1812 rad_recv: Access-Accept packet from host 127.0.0.1 port 1812, id=185, Similarly I can use the login tool to do the same thing: bash-4.0# /usr/libexec/auth/login_radius -d -s login $user radius Password: $pass authorize However remote logins via SSH are failing, and so are invokations of "login" started by root. Looking at /var/log/radiusd.log I see no actual log of success/failure which I do see when using either of the previous tools. Instead sshd is just logging: sshd[23938]: Failed publickey for skemp from 192.168.1.9 sshd[23938]: Failed keyboard-interactive for skemp from 192.168.1.9 port 36259 ssh2 sshd[23938]: Failed password for skemp from 192.168.1.9 port 36259 ssh2 In /etc/login.conf I have this: # Default allowed authentication styles auth-defaults:auth=radius: ... radius:\ :auth=radius:\ :radius-server=localhost:\ :radius-port=1812:\ :radius-timeout=1:\ :radius-retries=5:

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• Transparent proxying in MacOS X 10.6 Snow Leopard (and maybe FreeBSD)

  - by apenwarr

  I'm trying to create a transparent proxy on my MacOS machine in order to port the sshuttle ssh-based transproxy VPN from Linux. I think I almost have it working, but sadly, almost is not 100%. Short version is this. In one window, start something that listens on port 12300: $ while :; do nc -l 12300; done Now enable proxying: # sysctl -w net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 # sysctl -w net.inet.ip.fw.enable=1 # ipfw add 1000 fwd 127.0.0.1,12300 log tcp from any to any And now test it out: $ telnet localhost 9999 # any port number will do # this works; type stuff and you'll see it in the nc window $ telnet google.com 80 # any host/port will do # this *doesn't* work! After the latter experiment, I see lines like this in netstat: $ netstat -tn | grep ^tcp4 tcp4 0 0 66.249.91.104.80 192.168.1.130.61072 SYN_RCVD tcp4 0 0 192.168.1.130.61072 66.249.91.104.80 SYN_SENT The second socket belongs to my telnet program; the first is more suspicious. SYN_RCVD implies that my SYN packet was correctly captured by the firewall and taken in by the kernel, but apparently the SYNACK was never sent back to telnet, because it's still in SYN_SENT. On the other hand, if I kill the nc server, I get this: $ telnet google.com 80 Trying 66.249.81.104... telnet: connect to address 66.249.81.104: Connection refused telnet: Unable to connect to remote host ...which is as expected: my proxy server isn't running, so ipfw redirects my connection to port 12300, which has nobody listening on it, ie. connection refused. My uname says this: $ uname -a Darwin mean.local 10.2.0 Darwin Kernel Version 10.2.0: Tue Nov 3 10:37:10 PST 2009; root:xnu-1486.2.11~1/RELEASE_I386 i386 Does anybody see any different results? (I'm especially interested in Snow Leopard vs Leopard results, as there seem to be some internet rumours that transproxy is broken in Snow Leopard version) Any advice for how to fix?

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• C++ Multithreading with pthread is blocking (including sockets)

  - by Sebastian Büttner

  I am trying to implement a multi threaded application with pthread. I did implement a thread class which looks like the following and I call it later twice (or even more), but it seems to block instead of execute the threads parallel. Here is what I got until now: The Thread Class is an abstract class which has the abstract method "exec" which should contain the thread code in a derive class (I did a sample of this, named DerivedThread) Thread.hpp #ifndef THREAD_H_ #define THREAD_H_ #include <pthread.h> class Thread { public: Thread(); void start(); void join(); virtual int exec() = 0; int exit_code(); private: static void* thread_router(void* arg); void exec_thread(); pthread_t pth_; int code_; }; #endif /* THREAD_H_ */ And Thread.cpp #include <iostream> #include "Thread.hpp" /*****************************/ using namespace std; Thread::Thread(): code_(0) { cout << "[Thread] Init" << endl; } void Thread::start() { cout << "[Thread] Created Thread" << endl; pthread_create( &pth_, NULL, Thread::thread_router, reinterpret_cast<void*>(this)); } void Thread::join() { cout << "[Thread] Join Thread" << endl; pthread_join(pth_, NULL); } int Thread::exit_code() { return code_; } void Thread::exec_thread() { cout << "[Thread] Execute" << endl; code_ = exec(); } void* Thread::thread_router(void* arg) { cout << "[Thread] exec_thread function in thread" << endl; reinterpret_cast<Thread*>(arg)->exec_thread(); return NULL; } DerivedThread.hpp #include "Thread.hpp" class DerivedThread : public Thread { public: DerivedThread(); virtual ~DerivedThread(); int exec(); void Close() = 0; DerivedThread.cpp [...] #include "DerivedThread.cpp" [...] int DerivedThread::exec() { //code to be executed do { cout << "Thread executed" << endl; usleep(1000000); } while (true); //dummy, just to let it run for a while } [...] Basically, I am calling this like the here: DerivedThread *thread; cout << "Creating Thread" << endl; thread = new DerivedThread(); cout << "Created thread, starting..." << endl; thread->start(); cout << "Started thread" << endl; cout << "Creating 2nd Thread" << endl; thread = new DerivedThread(); cout << "Created 2nd thread, starting..." << endl; thread->start(); cout << "Started 2nd thread" << endl; What is working great if I am only starting one of these Threads , but if I start multiple which should run together (not synced, only parallel) . But I discovered, that the thread is created, then as it tries to execute it (via start) the problem seems to block until the thread has closed. After that the next Thread is processed. I thought that pthread would do it unblocked for me, so what did I wrong? A sample output might be: Creating Thread [Thread] Thread Init Created thread, starting... [Thread] Created thread [Thread] exec_thread function in thread [Thread] Execute Thread executed Thread executed Thread executed Thread executed Thread executed Thread executed Thread executed .... Until Thread 1 is not terminated, a Thread 2 won't be created not executed. The process above is executed in an other class. Just for the information: I am trying to create a multi threaded server. The concept is like this: MultiThreadedServer Class has a main loop, like this one: ::inet::ServerSock *sock; //just a simple self made wrapper class for sockets DerivedThread *thread; for (;;) { sock = new ::inet::ServerSock(); this->Socket->accept( *sock ); cout << "Creating Thread" << endl; //Threads (according to code sample above) thread = new DerivedThread(sock); //I did not mentoine the parameter before as it was not neccesary, in fact, I pass the socket handle with the connected socket to the thread cout << "Created thread, starting..." << endl; thread->start(); cout << "Started thread" << endl; } So I thought that this would loop over and over and wait for new connections to accept. and when a new client arrives, I am creating a new thread and give the thread the connected socket as a parameter. In the DerivedThread::exec I am doing the handling for the connected client. Like: [...] do { [...] if (this-sock_-read( Buffer, sizeof(PacketStruc) ) 0) { cout << "[Handler_Base] Recv Packet" << endl; //handle the packet } else { Connected = false; } delete Buffer; } while ( Connected ); So I loop in the created thread as long as the client keeps the connection. I think, that the socket may cause the blocking behaviour. Edit: I figured out, that it is not the read() loop in the DerivedThread Class as I simply replaced it with a loop over a simple cout-usleep part. It did also only execute the first one and after first thread finished, the 2nd one was executed. Many thanks and best regards, Sebastian

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• OS X Keeps prompting me for SSH private key passphrase (OS X 10.6.8)

  - by Danny Englander

  I have a private key to ssh into my server and the connection works. In my hosts file I have: Host myhost HostName xxx.xxx.xxx.xx GlobalKnownHostsFile ~/.ssh/known_hosts port 22 User myuser IdentityFile ~/.ssh/mykey_dsa IdentitiesOnly yes .. and then I type ssh myhost Every time I connect, I get the Mac OS X keychain prompt and I tell OS X to remember the passphrase but then when I disconnect from ssh and re-connect, I am prompted to add the passphrase to the keychain again. This is only a recent problem so I suspect and issue with Keychain? To be clear, I can 're-add' to keychain every time and connect but this defats the purpose. The permissions on my dsa key are set at 600 or -rw-------@ I tried repairing disk permissions but that did no good. My Google-foo is also failing me, nothing of use came up. So I am not sure if this an OS X / keychain issue or an SSH issue. update: When I try ssh -vvv myhost, I think it reveals the issue: debug1: Trying private key: /Users/danny/.ssh/mykey_dsa debug1: PEM_read_PrivateKey failed debug1: read PEM private key done: type <unknown> debug3: Not a RSA1 key file /Users/danny/.ssh/mykey_dsa. debug1: read PEM private key done: type DSA Identity added: /Users/danny/.ssh/mykey_dsa (/Users/danny/.ssh/mykey_dsa) debug1: read PEM private key done: type DSA debug3: sign_and_send_pubkey debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey). ... and after that I get connected. I think this crux of the matter is: PEM_read_PrivateKey failed

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• VPN from Windows XP to OpenSwan: correct setup?

  - by Gnudiff

  Main question is what I am doing wrong in my OpenSwan or L2TP client setup? I am trying to create a Linux OpenSwan VPN connection from Windows XP machine, using preshared key and the builtin Windows XP L2TP IPsec option. I have followed the instructions in Linux Home networking Wiki for setting up OpenSwan and a guide to making it work with the Windows XP client, but am now stuck. The net setup is as follows: [my windows client, private IP A]<->[f/wall B]<-internet->[g/w X]<->[Linux OpenSwan server Y] A - private subnet /24 B - internet address X - internet address /24 Y - internet address on same subnet as X What I essentially want is for computer with A address to feel and work, as if it was in X subnet for purposes of outgoing and incoming TCP and UDP connections. My OpenSwan setup is as follows: /etc/ipsec.conf (AAA and YYY indicates ip address parts of A and Y addresses): conn net-to-net authby=secret left=B leftsubnet=AAA.AAA.AAA.0/24 leftnexthop=%defaultroute right=Y rightsubnet=YYY.YYY.YYY.0/24 rightnexthop=B auto=start the secret in /etc/ipsec.secrets is listed as: B Y : PSK "0xMysecretkey" where B & Y stand for respective IP adresses of gateway B and linux server Y My L2TP WinXP setup is: IP of destination: Y don't prompt for username security options: typical, require secured pass, don't require data encryption, IPSec PSK set to 0xMysecretkey networking options: VPN Type: L2TP IPSec VPN; TCPIP protocol (with automatic IP address assignment) and QOS packet schedulers enabled The error I get from Windows client is 789: "error during initial negotiation"

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• Force local IP traffic to an external interface

  - by calandoa

  I have a machine with several interfaces that I can configure as I want, for instance: eth1: 192.168.1.1 eth2: 192.168.2.2 I would like to forward all the traffic sent to one of these local addresses through the other interface. For instance, all requests to an iperf, ftp, http server at 192.168.1.1 should be not just routed internally, but forwarded through eth2 (and the external network will take care of re-routing the packet to eth1). I tried and looked at several commands, like iptables, ip route, etc... but nothing worked. The closest behavior I could get was done with: ip route change to 192.168.1.1/24 dev eth2 which send all 192.168.1.x on eth2, except for 192.168.1.1 which is still routed internally. May be I could then do NAT forwarding of all traffic directed to fake 192.168.1.2 on eth1, rerouted to 192.168.1.1 internally? I am actually struggling with iptables, but it is too tough for me. The goal of this setup is to do interface driver testing without using two PCs. I am using Linux, but if you know how to do that with Windows, I'll buy it!

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• Balancing internal services using a Cisco CSS 11501

  - by Ladadadada

  First, the background to the problem: I have a Cisco CSS11501 that I am using to load balance a few web servers. These web servers have two network interfaces, one internal and one external and we are sending the requests to the internal interface. We have the CSS configured to do NAT because our webservers need to see the client's IP address. Because the TCP packets hit the webservers with a source address on the Internet, the webserver tries to send the packet back to the client over the external interface and not through the load balancer. In order to stop these requests being sent back out to the Internet via the external interface, we added a routing rule on these boxes so that all traffic with a source address on the internet will use the load balancer as the gateway. This part works fine. What I would also like to to is use the CSS as a load balancer for internal services such as our MySQL slaves. When I do this, I run into a similar problem; the TCP connection goes from the web server to the load balancer and then from the load balancer to the MySQL slave but the CSS spoofs a source address of the original webserver. The MySQL slave then tries to send the response directly to the webserver via the internal network and not via the load balancer. The ideal solution would be to tell the CSS not to do source address spoofing on the internal network and only do it for requests originating on the Internet. Is this possible ? Failing that, is there a way of directing the load balanced traffic back through the load balancer while keeping the other traffic (say SSH) purely on the internal network ? Is there another way of using the CSS11501 to load balance internal services ?

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• network latency, TCP and UDP packets

  - by user115848

  Hello recently my network has started to cause me lots of problems. I have a cable modem, connected to a tp-link router (with some port forwarding). Everything was working fine then i started to get lots of udp (port 53) "UNREPLIED" logs in the router. Now there are tcp UNREPLIED logs too. This is causing lots of latency and failed connections when trying to connect to different internet sites. Also, we run an openfire server for spark connections, and I believe its causing connectivity issues for some users who are trying to connect using Spark (some people connect fine, others don't). Please see screen shot below for packet logs. It has to be something internally, as I connected straight to the comcast modem and i was able to connect to the internet and various sites as normal. I tried to swap out the router with a different and got the same issue. I scanned both my internal dns servers for viruses or malware and it came up empty. Another anomaly is that when i try to connect to www.cnn.com, i get redirected to the different site. I scanned my own machine for hijacks. Not sure if this is related to the networking issue. Please let me know if you have any ideas for troubleshooting.

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• How to fix massive lag on ZyXEL HomePlug AV powerline adapters?

  - by Tim Abell

  I have 3 ZyXEL Homeplug AV powerline adapters as per the one in the review below. I have two plugged in currently, one into my Be / Thompson wireless router, and one into my desktop pc (box1). every now and then the link indicator on the adapters (the mains link, not the ethernet link) goes nutty, and performance falls off a cliff (see below). http://www.gadgetspeak.com/gadget/article.rhtm/753/479266/ZyXEL_PowerLine_HomePlug_AV_PLA401.html 64 bytes from box1 (192.168.1.101): icmp_seq=1064 ttl=64 time=996 ms 64 bytes from box1 (192.168.1.101): icmp_seq=1065 ttl=64 time=549 ms 64 bytes from box1 (192.168.1.101): icmp_seq=1066 ttl=64 time=6.15 ms 64 bytes from box1 (192.168.1.101): icmp_seq=1067 ttl=64 time=1400 ms 64 bytes from box1 (192.168.1.101): icmp_seq=1068 ttl=64 time=812 ms 64 bytes from box1 (192.168.1.101): icmp_seq=1069 ttl=64 time=11.1 ms 64 bytes from box1 (192.168.1.101): icmp_seq=1070 ttl=64 time=1185 ms 64 bytes from box1 (192.168.1.101): icmp_seq=1071 ttl=64 time=501 ms 64 bytes from box1 (192.168.1.101): icmp_seq=1072 ttl=64 time=1975 ms 64 bytes from box1 (192.168.1.101): icmp_seq=1073 ttl=64 time=970 ms ^C --- box1 ping statistics --- 1074 packets transmitted, 394 received, +487 errors, 63% packet loss, time 1082497ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 5.945/598.452/3526.454/639.768 ms, pipe 4 Any idea how to diagnose/fix? I'm on linux so installing the windoze software that came with them is not something I'm terribly keen to do.

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• Load balancing a Windows File Share using HA-Proxy

  - by NathanE

  After pulling my hair out over DFS I just had this weird and potentially dangerous idea come into my head whereby, just possibly, I might be able to use HA-Proxy to load balance a file share between servers. I've done some remedial packet traces and it does appear that TCP port 445 is the only thing involved in using Windows file sharing. I've always thought for many years that UDP 139, 135 etc were also involved in at least establishing the connection - but apparently not! So I setup a basic test: listen SMBTest *:445 mode tcp server Smb1 172.16.61.201:445 server Smb2 172.16.61.202:445 And you'll never guess what... it works??? (!) Now obviously there is the whole concern about synchronisation between the file servers (of course). That could easily be taken care of with a little bit of Robocopy script. And considering I only need a HA read-only file share there wouldn't be any issues with regard to file locking etc. Can anyone tell me if what I'm playing with here is fire? I really didn't think it would work at all and now I'm a little shocked. What would be the downsides? Could this be relied upon for a production environment?

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• Why can't I route to some sites from my MacBook Pro that I can see from my iPad? [closed]

  - by Robert Atkins

  I am on M1 Cable (residential) broadband in Singapore. I have an intermittent problem routing to some sites from my MacBook Pro—often Google-related sites (arduino.googlecode.com and ajax.googleapis.com right now, but sometimes even gmail.com.) This prevents StackExchange chat from working, for instance. Funny thing is, my iPad can route to those sites and they're on the same wireless network! I can ping the sites, but not traceroute to them which I find odd. That I can get through via the iPad implies the problem is with the MBP. In any case, calling M1 support is... not helpful. I get the same behaviour when I bypass the Airport Express entirely and plug the MBP directly into the cable modem. Can anybody explain a) how this is even possible and b) how to fix it? mella:~ ratkins$ ping ajax.googleapis.com PING googleapis.l.google.com (209.85.132.95): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 209.85.132.95: icmp_seq=0 ttl=50 time=11.488 ms 64 bytes from 209.85.132.95: icmp_seq=1 ttl=53 time=13.012 ms 64 bytes from 209.85.132.95: icmp_seq=2 ttl=53 time=13.048 ms ^C --- googleapis.l.google.com ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0.0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 11.488/12.516/13.048/0.727 ms mella:~ ratkins$ traceroute ajax.googleapis.com traceroute to googleapis.l.google.com (209.85.132.95), 64 hops max, 52 byte packets traceroute: sendto: No route to host 1 traceroute: wrote googleapis.l.google.com 52 chars, ret=-1 *traceroute: sendto: No route to host traceroute: wrote googleapis.l.google.com 52 chars, ret=-1 ^C mella:~ ratkins$ The traceroute from the iPad goes (and I'm copying this by hand): 10.0.1.1 119.56.34.1 172.20.8.222 172.31.253.11 202.65.245.1 202.65.245.142 209.85.243.156 72.14.233.145 209.85.132.82 From the MBP, I can't traceroute to any of the IPs from 172.20.8.222 onwards. [For extra flavour, not being able to access the above appears to stop me logging in to Server Fault via OpenID and formatting the above traceroutes correctly. Anyone with sufficient rep here to do so, I'd be much obliged.]

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• Troubleshooting loss of network connectivity in Windows 2003 - What else to check?

  - by Benny

  We are facing a weird problem in our data center. Our Backup server (running EMC Networker) loses network connection every alternate day around 3:00 AM (Backup schedule starts at midnight). After 2 hours of outage, the network connectivity recovers automatically and back to normal. What we observed: It is unlikely to be network issue, since it is directly connected to server farm switch (layer 2 connection without any intermediate hops). Further, the server is connected to two different switches for Load balancing using Broadcomm Teaming. a) If it were a switch related issue it is unlikely that both the network ports go down, since they are connected to different switch. b) A possibility Vlan wide issue is also ruled out since other devices in the same Vlan are fine. c) Switch interface status is always up. But there are lot of packet drops during the outage period - Can be attributed to high interface utilization of the backup server (near 100%) d) Connectivity is restored without any change on network. Next suspect is resource utilization on Windows server. Both CPU and Memory have rarely exceeded 80%, but NIC card utilization is alarmingly high (near 100%) Not really sure how to investigate this?

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• How to route to a secondary interface on the same physical ethernet?

  - by sjose3612611

  INTERNET<->(wan)BRIDGED_DEVICE(lan)<->ETH_ROUTER<->LAN Problem: Need to access web server on BRIDGED_DEVICE's LAN from INTERNET via ROUTER (BRIDGED_DEVICE's web server cannot be accessed form INTERNET since it has no Public management IP). Cannot configure bridged device. It has a static IP on its LAN to which its web server binds. Attempt: Create a secondary/alias WAN Interface on ETH_ROUTER (e.g Primary: eth0.1 (for internet access) and Secondary: eth0.2 (for accessing web server on BRIDGED_DEVICE), (No VLANs). eth0.1 has a public IP; eth0.2 has a static private IP in the BRIDGED_DEVICE's subnet (e.g 10.0.X.Y). Iptables on ETH_ROUTER: Added a port forward (DNAT) from eth0.1 to eth0.2: iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -i eth0.1 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.X.Y iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -o eth0.2 -s 10.0.X.0/24 -j MASQUERADE Stateful firewall w/ overall drop policy on FORWARD chain, hence: iptables -I FORWARD -i eth0.1 -d 10.0.X.Y -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT Can ping from ETH_ROUTER to BRIDGED_DEVICE but unable to reach the web server from Internet. I see packet cont increasing for the DNAT rule but not sure where it disappears in the ETH_ROUTER after that. ETH_ROUTER is the only device that can be configured to achieve this. If familiar with this scenario, please suggest what I may be missing or doing wrong here or suggest techniques to debug?

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• SqlCe odd results why? -- Same SQL, different results in different apps. Issue with

  - by NitroxDM

  When I run this SQl in my mobile app I get zero rows. select * from inventory WHERE [ITEMNUM] LIKE 'PUMP%' AND [LOCATION] = 'GARAGE' When I run the same SQL in Query Analyzer 3.5 using the same database I get my expected one row. Why the difference? Here is the code I'm using in the mobile app: SqlCeCommand cmd = new SqlCeCommand(Query); cmd.Connection = new SqlCeConnection("Data Source="+filePath+";Persist Security Info=False;"); DataTable tmpTable = new DataTable(); cmd.Connection.Open(); SqlCeDataReader tmpRdr = cmd.ExecuteReader(); if (tmpRdr.Read()) tmpTable.Load(tmpRdr); tmpRdr.Close(); cmd.Connection.Close(); return tmpTable; UPDATE: For the sake of trying I used the code found in one of the answers found here and it works as expected. So my code looks like this: SqlCeConnection conn = new SqlCeConnection("Data Source=" + filePath + ";Persist Security Info=False;"); DataTable tmpTable = new DataTable(); SqlCeDataAdapter AD = new SqlCeDataAdapter(Query, conn); AD.Fill(tmpTable); The issue appears to be with the SqlCeDataReader. Hope this helps someone else out!

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• Event Log "Wake Source" when system wakes from sleep

  - by Doltknuckle

  So I've been troubleshooting sleep timers for our systems and have run across an interesting issue. I need a way to report how long a system was awake after a number of different inputs. Now, I've discovered that the System Log tracks wake and sleep events and even tells you the times that everything happens at. The thing is doesn't tell you is what triggered the wake event. It does give you a numerical code however. Here are some examples of what I am finding. Index : 2901 EntryType : Information InstanceId : 1 Message : The system has resumed from sleep. Sleep Time: 2010-10-01T23:20:06.097488100Z Wake Time: 2010-10-03T17:41:12.796400500Z Wake Source: 0 Category : (0) CategoryNumber : 0 Source : Microsoft-Windows-Power-Troubleshooter -- Index : 2841 EntryType : Information InstanceId : 1 Message : The system has resumed from sleep. Sleep Time: 2010-10-01T19:19:37.239789600Z Wake Time: 2010-10-01T21:28:48.921200800Z Wake Source: 4HID Keyboard Device Category : (0) CategoryNumber : 0 Source : Microsoft-Windows-Power-Troubleshooter So here's my question: Does anyone know what the different numerical codes for the "Wake Source" mean? I think "0" is a magic packet and "4" is a USB device. Does anyone have any idea if there is any documentation out there on this for Windows 7? Thanks in advance

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• publickey authentication only works with existing ssh session

  - by aaron

  publickey authentication only works for me if I've already got one ssh session open. I am trying to log into a host running Ubuntu 10.10 desktop with publickey authentication, and it fails when I first log in: [me@my-laptop:~]$ ssh -vv host ... debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /Users/me/.ssh/id_rsa ... debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug1: Next authentication method: password me@hosts's password: And the /var/log/auth.log output: Jan 16 09:57:11 host sshd[1957]: reverse mapping checking getaddrinfo for cpe-70-114-155-20.austin.res.rr.com [70.114.155.20] failed - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT! Jan 16 09:57:13 host sshd[1957]: pam_sm_authenticate: Called Jan 16 09:57:13 host sshd[1957]: pam_sm_authenticate: username = [astacy] Jan 16 09:57:13 host sshd[1959]: Passphrase file wrapped Jan 16 09:57:15 host sshd[1959]: Error attempting to add filename encryption key to user session keyring; rc = [1] Jan 16 09:57:15 host sshd[1957]: Accepted password for astacy from 70.114.155.20 port 42481 ssh2 Jan 16 09:57:15 host sshd[1957]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user astacy by (uid=0) Jan 16 09:57:20 host sudo: astacy : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/astacy ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/tail -f /var/log/auth.log The strange thing is that once I've got this first login session, I run the exact same ssh command, and publickey authentication works: [me@my-laptop:~]$ ssh -vv host ... debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-rsa blen 277 ... [me@host:~]$ And the /var/log/auth.log output is: Jan 16 09:59:11 host sshd[2061]: reverse mapping checking getaddrinfo for cpe-70-114-155-20.austin.res.rr.com [70.114.155.20] failed - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT! Jan 16 09:59:11 host sshd[2061]: Accepted publickey for astacy from 70.114.155.20 port 39982 ssh2 Jan 16 09:59:11 host sshd[2061]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user astacy by (uid=0) What do I need to do to make publickey authentication work on the first login? NOTE: When I installed Ubuntu 10.10, I checked the 'encrypt home folder' option. I'm wondering if this has something to do with the log message "Error attempting to add filename encryption key to user session keyring"

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• Per connection bandwidth limit

  - by Kyr

  Apparently, our server box running Windows Server 2008 R2 has a per connection bandwidth limit of 0.2 MB/s. Meaning, while one TCP connection can pull at max 0.2 MB/s, 60 parallel connections can pull 12 MB/s. We first noticed this when trying to checkout large SVN repository from this server. I used a simple Java application to test this, transferring data from server to workstation using variable number of threads (one connection per thread). Server part of the application simply writes 1 MB memory buffer to socket 100 times, so there is no disk involvement. Each connection topped at 0.2 MB/s. Same per connection limit was for only one as was for 60 parallel connections. The problem is that I have no idea from where this limit comes from. I have very little experience administrating Windows Server, so I was mostly trying to find something by googling. I have checked the following: Local Computer Policy QoS Packet Scheduler Limit reservable bandwidth: it's Not configured; Group Policy Management Console: we have two GOPs, but neiher has any Policy-based QoS defined; There isn't any bandwidth limiter program installed, as far as I can tell. We're using standard Windows Firewall. I can update this question with any additional information if needed.

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• How does Windows 7 DNS client work?

  - by Mark Allison

  I am using a local DHCP and DNS server on my home network on a linux machine. It is running CentOS 6.3 with dnsmasq 2.48. It's all working fine except for local DNS lookups for Windows machines only. I have a mix of Ubuntu, CentOS and Windows machines on the network, some virtual, some physical. I have a machine called boron and the domain is called localdomain If I ping boron from any linux machine, I get [root@lithium lists]# ping -c3 boron PING boron.localdomain (10.0.0.5) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from boron.localdomain (10.0.0.5): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.740 ms 64 bytes from boron.localdomain (10.0.0.5): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.478 ms 64 bytes from boron.localdomain (10.0.0.5): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.458 ms --- boron.localdomain ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.458/0.558/0.740/0.131 ms If I do it from my Windows 7 machine, I get: Ping request could not find host boron. Please check the name and try again. If I try ping boron.localdomain I get: Pinging boron.localdomain [67.215.65.132] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 67.215.65.132: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=57 Reply from 67.215.65.132: bytes=32 time=188ms TTL=57 Reply from 67.215.65.132: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=57 Reply from 67.215.65.132: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=57 Ping statistics for 67.215.65.132: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 14ms, Maximum = 188ms, Average = 58ms which is clearly wrong. Why is it going out to the internet? Why can't my windows machine resolve the boron hostname to a FQDN? My Windows machines and linux machines get their network config from DHCP. UPDATE If I do ipconfig /all in Windows, it looks as I would expect: Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : lanthanum Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : .localdomain Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : .localdomain Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 50-E5-49-38-FC-A2 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.0.57(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : 23 August 2012 13:58:45 Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : 24 August 2012 07:58:48 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.0.6 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.0.6 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.0.6 208.67.222.222 208.67.220.220 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled When I do an nslookup I get: Server: carbon.localdomain Address: 10.0.0.6 *** carbon.localdomain can't find boron: Unspecified error However if I do ifconfig -a in Linux I get: [root@nitrogen ~]# ifconfig -a eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:AF:EC:2A inet addr:10.0.0.7 Bcast:10.0.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:187687 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:5857 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:23910700 (22.8 MiB) TX bytes:712964 (696.2 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:329894 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:329894 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:67153143 (64.0 MiB) TX bytes:67153143 (64.0 MiB) and nslookup: [root@nitrogen ~]# nslookup boron Server: 10.0.0.6 Address: 10.0.0.6#53 Name: boron Address: 10.0.0.5 Both machines are on the same network using the same DHCP server. UPDATE 2 I thought the issue was resolved but I am getting intermittent DNS resolving issues but only on my Windows 7 machine. All my linux boxes are fine. This is what happens when I ping and nslookup from Windows to a Windows 2008 Server: C:\Users\mark>nslookup magnesium Server: carbon.localdomain Address: 10.0.0.6 Name: magnesium.localdomain Address: 10.0.0.12 C:\Users\mark>ping magnesium Pinging magnesium.localdomain [67.215.65.132] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 67.215.65.132: bytes=32 time=267ms TTL=57 Reply from 67.215.65.132: bytes=32 time=162ms TTL=57 Reply from 67.215.65.132: bytes=32 time=510ms TTL=57 Reply from 67.215.65.132: bytes=32 time=146ms TTL=57 Ping statistics for 67.215.65.132: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 146ms, Maximum = 510ms, Average = 271ms And from Linux: [root@beryllium ~]# ping -c4 magnesium PING magnesium.localdomain (10.0.0.12) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from magnesium.localdomain (10.0.0.12): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.176 ms 64 bytes from magnesium.localdomain (10.0.0.12): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=0.634 ms 64 bytes from magnesium.localdomain (10.0.0.12): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=0.685 ms 64 bytes from magnesium.localdomain (10.0.0.12): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=0.263 ms --- magnesium.localdomain ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.176/0.439/0.685/0.223 ms [root@beryllium ~]# nslookup magnesium Server: 10.0.0.6 Address: 10.0.0.6#53 Name: magnesium.localdomain Address: 10.0.0.12 UPDATE 3 I stopped the Windows DNS client on my Windows 7 machine with net stop dnscache and it is now working fine. It would be nice to get DNS working with the DNS client on, but I might be OK without it, what do you think?

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• FreeRADIUS Default Answer

  - by jinanwow

  We are using FreeRADIUS with a MySQL database, authenticating users. We ran into an issue where are MySQL database was slow causing the max number of threads to be reached. The issue with this is, when the server couldn't answer the requests as there were no threads avaiable, it sent the response of Access-Reject to the clients. Our devices cache client connections and periodically checks with the server to see if they should still be allowed or to remove them. The equipment is designed that if there is no response from the server and a client is connected it will remain connected. The issue is, when the radius server is at its max threads, its default answer is to send access-reject (verified via packet capture), however we would like to change the default behavior to just ignore the request (keeping the clients connected). We have fixed the MySQL database issue for now, but I would like to change the default from Access-Reject, to just ignore the client altogeather. I have done research, but not able to find an answer to the question. Thanks in Advance.

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