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• What "pieces" are needed in order to set up a cluster of physical servers?

  - by Chris Dutrow

  Background: Currently, we use Rackspace cloud servers. We have no intention to stop using them, but would like to look into setting up a cluster of physical servers (probably desktop computers in the $400 range with 8gb memory each) to offset some of our load and work as a secondary, more powerful, less reliable system. To put things in perspective, we can buy comparable desktop computers for the same price as we pay in one month to rent them on Rackspace Cloud. I understand that this is generally a dumb idea. However, in this particular instance, the server cluster is needed for its computation power. It is not mission-critical, it does not host a consumer-facing website, and if it goes down for a day or two, its not really a problem. Currently, we have access to business class verizon fios. If I understand correctly, we can get at least 25 dedicated IP addresses with this service, this should be enough. Requirements: Each server runs Linux Centos 6.3 Some of the servers run Python and execute processes from a task queue (Redis or RabbitMQ) Some of the servers are capable of serving static files and Python driven REST APIs Some of the servers host a Cassandra database cluster One or more of the servers are a Redis database servers One or more of the servers are PostgreSQL servers Questions: What kind of router or switch is needed? We would like the computers to be able to communicate effectively with each other via internal IP addresses. This is especially important for communicating with servers hosting Redis that need to be able to respond to requests very quickly. Are there special switches or routers that need to be used to connect the servers together? Are Desktop computers ok for this? We have found that we are mostly RAM-bottle necked, I understand that some servers have highly superior CPUs, but I'm not sure we need CPU power as much as we need RAM, which is cheap in Desktop computers. Will we have problems with the WIFI cards in the desktops or any other unexpected hardware limitation? What tools should be used to "image" the servers. For example, when we get an installation right for a Redis server or Cassandra node, are there tools that come with Linux Centos 6.3 to image the server to a USB drive or something like that? Or do we need to use some other software for this? What other things are we missing that we should be concerned about? Thanks so much!

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• Ubuntu Server 10.04 Heavy Network Traffic causes disconnect

  - by K Vaughan

  I'm currently running a headless Ubuntu 10.04 server. Installed is the LAMP stack, Joomla, Virtualbox, phpvirtualbox, webmin and proFTP.. It resolves the IP address so I can access it remotely (either the apache2 webserver or the FTP) using DDClient. Any packages installed have been installed using apt-get. Webmin, although discouraged in Ubuntu Server, is used mostly to administer the webserver aspect. This issue also appeared when I was using Ubuntu Server 10.10. After periods of heavy network traffic, whether local or remote, the connect drops. I'm talking specifically about the transfer of files via FTP, SCP or Samba (the latter of which I seldom use). There is no response to ping or ssh. I can't FTP to the server nor can I load the website. There are times when the server has been on for a few days and everything runs fine because I haven't accessed it much, if at all (thus not much network traffic). I've gone through a few hardware changes although I don't believe this has cause the issue: this has been happening long before I made any changes. At first I thought it was my ISP-provided router blocking traffic because of some kind of misconfiguration (perhaps assuming it was some kind of DoS attack). I've changed routers and still found no success. I've checked syslog, dmesg and kern.log for warnings but have uncovered none. I've ran memtest via the GRUB2 menu at boot and once it turned up 4 errors. I ran again with individual sticks of RAM in various slots and everything turned up fine. I've looked through the BIOS settings and everything looks fine. I've tried unplugging unnecessary pieces of hardware (other internal hard drives, CD drives, floppy, PCI cards, etc). Any help or tips on how I can even begin to troubleshoot this would be very much appreciated. Please note that i've only started playing with servers as a hobby so my knowledge wouldn't be the most refined. I'm comfortable with command line and have the initiative to know how to look up something I can't do. Unfortunately I can't seem to find any issues like this. Additionally: If a solution can't be found some assistance to write a script that will cause the server to reboot automatically if, after x minutes, it gets no response to pinging somewhere like google. Admittedly that's not the cleanest solution should my internet end up going down but I can't think of what else to do.

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• Slow Memcached: Average 10ms memcached `get`

  - by Chris W.

  We're using Newrelic to measure our Python/Django application performance. Newrelic is reporting that across our system "Memcached" is taking an average of 12ms to respond to commands. Drilling down into the top dozen or so web views (by # of requests) I can see that some Memcache get take up to 30ms; I can't find a single use of Memcache get that returns in less than 10ms. More details on the system architecture: Currently we have four application servers each of which has a memcached member. All four memcached members participate in a memcache cluster. We're running on a cloud hosting provider and all traffic is running across the "internal" network (via "internal" IPs) When I ping from one application server to another the responses are in ~0.5ms Isn't 10ms a slow response time for Memcached? As far as I understand if you think "Memcache is too slow" then "you're doing it wrong". So am I doing it wrong? Here's the output of the memcache-top command: memcache-top v0.7 (default port: 11211, color: on, refresh: 3 seconds) INSTANCE USAGE HIT % CONN TIME EVICT/s GETS/s SETS/s READ/s WRITE/s cache1:11211 37.1% 62.7% 10 5.3ms 0.0 73 9 3958 84.6K cache2:11211 42.4% 60.8% 11 4.4ms 0.0 46 12 3848 62.2K cache3:11211 37.5% 66.5% 12 4.2ms 0.0 75 17 6056 170.4K AVERAGE: 39.0% 63.3% 11 4.6ms 0.0 64 13 4620 105.7K TOTAL: 0.1GB/ 0.4GB 33 13.9ms 0.0 193 38 13.5K 317.2K (ctrl-c to quit.) ** Here is the output of the top command on one machine: ** (Roughly the same on all cluster machines. As you can see there is very low CPU utilization, because these machines only run memcache.) top - 21:48:56 up 1 day, 4:56, 1 user, load average: 0.01, 0.06, 0.05 Tasks: 70 total, 1 running, 69 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.3%st Mem: 501392k total, 424940k used, 76452k free, 66416k buffers Swap: 499996k total, 13064k used, 486932k free, 181168k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 6519 nobody 20 0 384m 74m 880 S 1.0 15.3 18:22.97 memcached 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:38.03 ksoftirqd/0 1 root 20 0 24332 1552 776 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.56 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0 5 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kworker/u:0 6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 7 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.62 watchdog/0 8 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuset 9 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper ...output truncated...

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• HID USB Very Strange Problem...

  - by Lasanha

  I realy hope some one can help me here cause i search all over the web and nothing comes up.. I allways used PS/2 KB and Mouse and a USB KeyPad (Genius ErgoMedia 500 Gaming Explorer) to play some games, mmorpg, fps, you named, very good whit 11 keys whit possible macros etc etc... Now it comes the problem, i have a USB mouse that have 4 extra buttons, and i need more button, i love buttons.. Well, i plug in the USB mouse and disconectes de PS/2. Everything is ok until i toutch the mouse. If i do so, the ErgoMedia goes off, then on, then i mouse the mouse or press a button and all over again. Yesterday i went buying a new mouse that i liked, a USB mouse too (NPlay whit macros and all that stuff 3600dpi...) Hoping the problem was only whit the other mouse, but no.. It does the exact same thing, ErgoMedia keeps disconecting and conecting everytime i toutch the mouse. What i allready did: Update drivers of both mouses Update drivers of ErgoMedia (no specific drivers(Windows based)) Update drivers of MB Chipset (Actualy no, cause it was up to date allready) Trying other USB Ports (4 Ports back, 4 Ports Front and even 1 Port in 16 card slot device) Disable the "Allows Windows to shut down the energy bla bla" thing in Device Setings. Look up in the Device Setings only apear a problem on the ergomedia (Human interface Device) when i move the damm mouse.. Using Everest to read behavier, everything normal, exepts the disconecting thing, but no errors. Not a power suply, only the ErgoMedia and the mouse are in the USBs, and i allready disable the 16 card reader whit one usb slot to see.. Clean the IRQ registry. Look the entire internet for a fix solution. Help others problems wile looking for a fix for me (Im not a pro but not a completly stupid) Talking to you beggin you to help me as a last resorce... Machine: Acer M3641 Core2Quad 64x Based OS Vista 64b 4GbRAM HD Audio and Graphics I realy hope some one out there knows a fix for this, maybe it´s a simple thing, so simple that i´m to stupid to see that.. Sorry for my bad inglish but i write lot of erros even in my language. Any help will be very welcome. Tanks for ur concern and atention ^^

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• How can I prevent an unintentional DDOS running ColdFusion 8 with IIS 6?

  - by Eric Belair

  We had an interesting outage today on one of our client's websites. Out of nowhere, the website was inaccessible. The website runs by itself on a dedicated physical Windows 2000 server (probably overkill, I know, but that's a discussion for a different day). After restarting IIS and ColdFusion Application Service, the problem came back several times. My initial thought was that it was a DNS issue, which happens occasionally - the last time it happened was after Hurricane Sandy when we our ISP was out, and we had to make some network config changes. But, it was not a DNS issue. My second thought was that it was a DDOS attack, but, there's very little reason anyone would want to take this site down. When we called our ISP, the operator on the other end noted that traffic was spiking significantly. As it turned out, the client had unintentionally caused a DDOS on the website, after they FTPed a very large video file, and then mass emailed a link to it. Hundreds of people clicked the link and brought the site to its knees. I am primarily a Website Programmer, but I often have to contribute to server administration at times. Sadly, I'm the resident ColdFusion and IIS expert, but I don't have a lot of experience with this issue. What are some basic steps that I can take to prevent this from happening in the future, since we cannot always control what files the client posts to the website. Here are some ideas I had, but I'm unsure of the impact: Limit the number of connections in IIS. Put media files on a separate server (like an Amazon site, etc.). File requests of this type currently behind a server-script (i.e. /www.site.com/viewFile.cfm?fileId=1424545, where the fileId references a file off the webroot) that logs requests, and pushes the file to the browser using CFCONTENT. I could edit this script to reject requests when they exceed a certain amount in a given time-frame (i.e. a 5MB can be accessed globally 10 times in an hour). This may cause some users frustration, but, if hundreds of users are attempting to view the file, the site is going to crash anyways, as it did today, which is way more frustrating, since there is no "pretty" message explaining why they can't get to the file. I'm open to any suggestions, as I'm continuing my research to report to the CTO with the best options, so that we can put a solution into effect. Thank you.

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• Malware - Technical anlaysis

  - by nullptr

  Note: Please do not mod down or close. Im not a stupid PC user asking to fix my pc problem. I am intrigued and am having a deep technical look at whats going on. I have come across a Windows XP machine that is sending unwanted p2p traffic. I have done a 'netstat -b' command and explorer.exe is sending out the traffic. When I kill this process the traffic stops and obviously Windows Explorer dies. Here is the header of the stream from the Wireshark dump (x.x.x.x) is the machines IP. GNUTELLA CONNECT/0.6 Listen-IP: x.x.x.x:8059 Remote-IP: 76.164.224.103 User-Agent: LimeWire/5.3.6 X-Requeries: false X-Ultrapeer: True X-Degree: 32 X-Query-Routing: 0.1 X-Ultrapeer-Query-Routing: 0.1 X-Max-TTL: 3 X-Dynamic-Querying: 0.1 X-Locale-Pref: en GGEP: 0.5 Bye-Packet: 0.1 GNUTELLA/0.6 200 OK Pong-Caching: 0.1 X-Ultrapeer-Needed: false Accept-Encoding: deflate X-Requeries: false X-Locale-Pref: en X-Guess: 0.1 X-Max-TTL: 3 Vendor-Message: 0.2 X-Ultrapeer-Query-Routing: 0.1 X-Query-Routing: 0.1 Listen-IP: 76.164.224.103:15649 X-Ext-Probes: 0.1 Remote-IP: x.x.x.x GGEP: 0.5 X-Dynamic-Querying: 0.1 X-Degree: 32 User-Agent: LimeWire/4.18.7 X-Ultrapeer: True X-Try-Ultrapeers: 121.54.32.36:3279,173.19.233.80:3714,65.182.97.15:5807,115.147.231.81:9751,72.134.30.181:15810,71.59.97.180:24295,74.76.84.250:25497,96.234.62.221:32344,69.44.246.38:42254,98.199.75.23:51230 GNUTELLA/0.6 200 OK So it seems that the malware has hooked into explorer.exe and hidden its self quite well as a Norton Scan doesn't pick anything up. I have looked in Windows firewall and it shouldn't be letting this traffic through. I have had a look into the messages explorer.exe is sending in Spy++ and the only related ones I can see are socket connections etc... My question is what can I do to look into this deeper? What does malware achieve by sending p2p traffic? I know to fix the problem the easiest way is to reinstall Windows but I want to get to the bottom of it first, just out of interest. Edit: Had a look at Deoendency Walker and Process Explorer. Both great tools. Here is a image of the TCP connections for explorer.exe in Process Explorer http://img210.imageshack.us/img210/3563/61930284.gif

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• Critique My Backup and Storage Plan

  - by MetaHyperBolic

  My current storage (RAID-1 off of a hardware RAID card) and backup (a spare drive) solutions for my home network are inadequate. I have too much data scattered on various one-off drives. It is time to evolve. Backups seem simple enough, at least: lots of big drives. However, I am bewildered by the number of choices for small home storage. The Drobo S looks appealing. So does the ReadyNAS. I am not looking for bunches of shiny features, I'm mostly interested in reliability. I am not interested in building Yet Another PC to create a file server or doing something in the cloud, or whatever. I'm stupid, so I am keeping it simple. Requirements for Main Volume: Starting working space roughly 2TB, with options for growth up to 5TB RAID or something RAID-like with at least one parity drive eSATA II for speed during backups Ability to shut down gracefully when alerted of low power by a UPS Optional but Desirable: Will take 2TB drives now with options for the larger 3TB drives coming in 2010-2011 Optional but Desirable: : RAID-6 or something similar, with two parity drives Optional but Desirable: : Hot spare Ethernet connection not required, as the volume will be shared via the same machines which runs my home print server Backups: Backup performed via ROBOCOPY in mirror mode to an external hard drive via a eSATA II connection. Start with rotating between two external 2TB hard drives, will go up to six external 2TB drives. Start with a weekly backup, move to a bi-weekly backup as more drives are added. Move to 3TB drives as the size of my main volume increases. Backup drives will be stored on an off-site location. Hard drives: I plan on buying all of the same model, but different batches from different vendors. I found a "burn-in" utility with which I can pound away on the drives for a couple of weeks before adding them to the backup pool or the main volume. I estimate that I am looking at roughly $1,500 to start, once I start throwing in two TB drives for backup and four for storage. So, are there any obvious flaws in my plan? What have I overlooked? Any suggestions for the storage device for my main volume that fits my requirements? Or do I just keep it simple, 2 drives in RAID-1, then perform due diligence with my backups, accepting that I will have to buy a whole new unit when my data grows past 2TB?

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• Unusual Apache->Tomcat caching issue.

  - by iftrue

  Right now, I have an Apache setup sitting in front of Tomcat to handle caching. This setup has been given to an external service to manage, and since the transition, I've noticed odd behavior. Specifically, when I request a swf file from the web server, I hit the Apache cache (good), but occasionally I'll receive a truncated file. Once I receive this truncated file, the cache will NOT refresh until I manually delete the cache and let the swf pull down from tomcat again. The external service claims that the configuration is fine, but I don't see any way this could be happening aside from improper configuration. Now, there are two apache and two tomcat servers under a load balancer, and occasionally one apache cache will break while another does not (leading to 50% of all requests getting bad, truncated data). Where should I start looking to debug this issue? What could POSSIBLY be causing this odd behavior? Edit: Inspecting the logs, tomcat throws this: java.io.IOException: Bad file number at java.io.FileInputStream.readBytes(Native Method) at java.io.FileInputStream.read(FileInputStream.java:199) at java.io.BufferedInputStream.read1(BufferedInputStream.java:256) at java.io.BufferedInputStream.read(BufferedInputStream.java:317) at java.io.FilterInputStream.read(FilterInputStream.java:90) at org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet.copyRange(DefaultServlet.java:1968) at org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet.copy(DefaultServlet.java:1714) at org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet.serveResource(DefaultServlet.java:809) at org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet.doGet(DefaultServlet.java:325) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:690) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:803) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:175) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:128) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102) at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:568) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109) at org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve.invoke(JvmRouteBinderValve.java:209) at org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve.invoke(ReplicationValve.java:347) at org.terracotta.modules.tomcat.tomcat_5_5.SessionValve55.invoke(SessionValve55.java:57) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:286) at org.apache.jk.server.JkCoyoteHandler.invoke(JkCoyoteHandler.java:190) at org.apache.jk.common.HandlerRequest.invoke(HandlerRequest.java:283) at org.apache.jk.common.ChannelSocket.invoke(ChannelSocket.java:767) at org.apache.jk.common.ChannelSocket.processConnection(ChannelSocket.java:697) at org.apache.jk.common.ChannelSocket$SocketConnection.runIt(ChannelSocket.java:889) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPool$ControlRunnable.run(ThreadPool.java:690) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619) followed by access_log.2009-12-14.txt:1.2.3.4 - - [14/Dec/2009:00:27:32 -0500] "GET /myApp/mySwf.swf HTTP/1.1" 304 - access_log.2009-12-14.txt:1.2.3.4 - - [14/Dec/2009:01:27:33 -0500] "GET /myApp/mySwf.swf HTTP/1.1" 304 - access_log.2009-12-14.txt:1.2.3.4 - - [14/Dec/2009:01:39:53 -0500] "GET /myApp/mySwf.swf HTTP/1.1" 304 - access_log.2009-12-14.txt:1.2.3.4 - - [14/Dec/2009:02:27:38 -0500] "GET /myApp/mySwf.swf HTTP/1.1" 304 - So apache is caching the bad file size. What could possibly be causing this, and possibly separate, how do I ensure that this exception does not get written to cache?

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• SAS Expanders vs Direct Attached (SAS)?

  - by jemmille

  I have a storage unit with 2 backplanes. One backplane holds 24 disks, one backplane holds 12 disks. Each backplane is independently connected to a SFF-8087 port (4 channel/12Gbit) to the raid card. Here is where my question really comes in. Can or how easily can a backplane be overloaded? All the disks in the machine are WD RE4 WD1003FBYX (black) drives that have average writes at 115MB/sec and average read of 125 MB/sec I know things would vary based on the raid or filesystem we put on top of that but it seems to be that a 24 disk backplane with only one SFF-8087 connector should be able to overload the bus to a point that might actually slow it down? Based on my math, if I had a RAID0 across all 24 disks and asked for a large file, I should, in theory should get 24*115 MB/sec wich translates to 22.08 GBit/sec of total throughput. Either I'm confused or this backplane is horribly designed, at least in a perfomance environment. I'm looking at switching to a model where each drive has it's own channel from the backplane (and new HBA's or raid card). EDIT: more details We have used both pure linux (centos), open solaris, software raid, hardware raid, EXT3/4, ZFS. Here are some examples using bonnie++ 4 Disk RAID-0, ZFS WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 194MB/s 19% 92MB/s 11% 200MB/s 8% 310/sec 194MB/s 19% 93MB/s 11% 201MB/s 8% 312/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 389MB/s 19% 186MB/s 11% 402MB/s 8% 311/sec 8 Disk RAID-0, ZFS WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 324MB/s 32% 164MB/s 19% 346MB/s 13% 466/sec 324MB/s 32% 164MB/s 19% 348MB/s 14% 465/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 648MB/s 32% 328MB/s 19% 694MB/s 13% 465/sec 12 Disk RAID-0, ZFS WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 377MB/s 38% 191MB/s 22% 429MB/s 17% 537/sec 376MB/s 38% 191MB/s 22% 427MB/s 17% 546/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 753MB/s 38% 382MB/s 22% 857MB/s 17% 541/sec Now 16 Disk RAID-0, it's gets interesting WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 359MB/s 34% 186MB/s 22% 407MB/s 18% 1397/sec 358MB/s 33% 186MB/s 22% 407MB/s 18% 1340/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 717MB/s 33% 373MB/s 22% 814MB/s 18% 1368/sec 20 Disk RAID-0, ZFS WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 371MB/s 37% 188MB/s 22% 450MB/s 19% 775/sec 370MB/s 37% 188MB/s 22% 447MB/s 19% 797/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 741MB/s 37% 376MB/s 22% 898MB/s 19% 786/sec 24 Disk RAID-1, ZFS WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 347MB/s 34% 193MB/s 22% 447MB/s 19% 907/sec 347MB/s 34% 192MB/s 23% 446MB/s 19% 933/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 694MB/s 34% 386MB/s 22% 894MB/s 19% 920/sec 28 Disk RAID-0, ZFS 32 Disk RAID-0, ZFS 36 Disk RAID-0, ZFS More details: Here is the exact unit: http://www.supermicro.com/products/chassis/4U/847/SC847E1-R1400U.cfm

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• Linux buffer cache effect on IO writes?

  - by Patrick LeBoutillier

  Hi, I'm copying large files (3 x 30G) between 2 filesystems on a Linux server (kernel 2.6.37, 16 cores, 32G RAM) and I'm getting poor performance. I suspect that the usage of the buffer cache is killing the I/O performance. To try and narrow down the problem I used fio directly on the SAS disk to monitor the performance. Here is the output of 2 fio runs (the first with direct=1, the second one direct=0): Config: [test] rw=write blocksize=32k size=20G filename=/dev/sda # direct=1 Run 1: test: (g=0): rw=write, bs=32K-32K/32K-32K, ioengine=sync, iodepth=1 Starting 1 process Jobs: 1 (f=1): [W] [100.0% done] [0K/205M /s] [0/6K iops] [eta 00m:00s] test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=4667 write: io=20,480MB, bw=199MB/s, iops=6,381, runt=102698msec clat (usec): min=104, max=13,388, avg=152.06, stdev=72.43 bw (KB/s) : min=192448, max=213824, per=100.01%, avg=204232.82, stdev=4084.67 cpu : usr=3.37%, sys=16.55%, ctx=655410, majf=0, minf=29 IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% issued r/w: total=0/655360, short=0/0 lat (usec): 250=99.50%, 500=0.45%, 750=0.01%, 1000=0.01% lat (msec): 2=0.01%, 4=0.02%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01% Run status group 0 (all jobs): WRITE: io=20,480MB, aggrb=199MB/s, minb=204MB/s, maxb=204MB/s, mint=102698msec, maxt=102698msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=0/655238, merge=0/0, ticks=0/79552, in_queue=78640, util=76.55% Run 2: test: (g=0): rw=write, bs=32K-32K/32K-32K, ioengine=sync, iodepth=1 Starting 1 process Jobs: 1 (f=1): [W] [100.0% done] [0K/0K /s] [0/0 iops] [eta 00m:00s] test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=4733 write: io=20,480MB, bw=91,265KB/s, iops=2,852, runt=229786msec clat (usec): min=16, max=127K, avg=349.53, stdev=4694.98 bw (KB/s) : min=56013, max=1390016, per=101.47%, avg=92607.31, stdev=167453.17 cpu : usr=0.41%, sys=6.93%, ctx=21128, majf=0, minf=33 IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% issued r/w: total=0/655360, short=0/0 lat (usec): 20=5.53%, 50=93.89%, 100=0.02%, 250=0.01%, 500=0.01% lat (msec): 2=0.01%, 4=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=0.12% lat (msec): 100=0.38%, 250=0.04% Run status group 0 (all jobs): WRITE: io=20,480MB, aggrb=91,265KB/s, minb=93,455KB/s, maxb=93,455KB/s, mint=229786msec, maxt=229786msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=8/79811, merge=7/7721388, ticks=9/32418456, in_queue=32471983, util=98.98% I'm not knowledgeable enough with fio to interpret the results, but I don't expect the overall performance using the buffer cache to be 50% less than with O_DIRECT. Can someone help me interpret the fio output? Are there any kernel tunings that could fix/minimize the problem? Thanks a lot,

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• Safer RAID5 rebuilds using partially failed disks?

  - by arcticmac

  There have been lots of articles posted recently about how RAID5 is dangerous because of long resilver times, and in particular because of increasing chances of encountering a URE during the resilver. Obviously this is a significant concern. However, it seems that in many cases of interest (as long as you're keeping some kind of eye on your disks), when it comes time to rebuild the array, the disk that I'm replacing is still mostly readable. If you try to explain this predicament to the average layperson, they are typically very confused as to why you have two almost completely functional disks but can't produce one working array. It seems to me that there ought to be some way to take advantage of this to make rebuilds safer, as long as I'm willing to have the RAID5 be read-only for a couple of days while it rebuilds. Conceptually, what I have in mind looks something like this: When a disk fails, immediately take the RAID5 offline or mount it read-only Attach a new disk (either in a spare bay, or externally via eSATA) and begin rebuilding it to replace the failed one. If known, perhaps start with the stripes in which the failure occurred, to minimize the chances of losing those if another disk fails. In the event that a second disk experiences a URE or other failure during the rebuild, try to source that data from the disk that is being replaced. Presumably if this happens, more rebuilding would be necessary. When complete, shut down the server, swap the replacement drive into the original bay if desired, and bring the array back up. Obviously such a process would not be appropriate for applications where uptime is critical or data loss cannot be tolerated, but it seems to me that this could help considerably to improve the reliability of RAID5. I assume that there's not a good way to implement a recovery like this at present, given that I haven't seen any indication of tools that are designed to do this, and that it seems like it would be rather obtuse to work out manually. Are there also technical issues with it that I haven't thought of (I'm still fairly new to RAID stuff)? Any thoughts on how hard something like this would be to implement (e.g. in linux md raid)?

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• keyboard mappings are totally screwed after updating to kde4

  - by zeonglow

  I recently upgraded from KDE 3.5 to KDE 4, and I have been having weird issues with my keyboard. In one of the virtual consoles e.g. when I press ctrl + alt 1 , I can type perfectly, but in KDE, several of the number keys don't work, the left and right arrows don't work either. When I press the right arrow key in xev I get this: KeyRelease event, serial 34, synthetic NO, window 0x3600001, root 0x6f, subw 0x0, time 903459, (111,55), root:(115,836), state 0x10, keycode 114 (keysym 0x1008ff11, XF86AudioLowerVolume), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False When I press the '3' key it toggles my Bookmarks toolbar in Firefox, in xev I get this: KeyPress event, serial 34, synthetic NO, window 0x3600001, root 0x6f, subw 0x0, time 999968, (94,115), root:(98,896), state 0x10, keycode 12 (keysym 0x1008ff30, XF86Favorites), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False KeyRelease event, serial 34, synthetic NO, window 0x3600001, root 0x6f, subw 0x0, time 1000032, (94,115), root:(98,896), state 0x10, keycode 12 (keysym 0x1008ff30, XF86Favorites), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False As this is deeper down, changing the type of keyboard in the KDE meun's has no effect. I'm slowly beginning to wade through the mountains of documentation about the X keyboard model, but there has to be a better way. Does anyone no what it is? Edit: 1234567890 ! after deleting the entire .kde folder. but only until I change the Keyboard settings from the "system settings" applet, then its hosed full time. Regardless of what I set the settings too. (restore to default settings doesn't) 2nd Edit: I'm using Gentoo AMD64, I was upgrading from KDE 3.5 KDE 4.2. I think I had manual settings before, although I didn't change anything. I was originally running KDE without HAL until that stop working a year or so ago. The only customisation I made was to set the multimedia keys to control Amarok. 3rd Edit $ grep xkb /var/log/Xorg.0.log (**) Option "xkb_rules" "evdev" (**) Option "xkb_model" "evdev" (**) Option "xkb_layout" "us" (**) Option "xkb_rules" "evdev" (**) Option "xkb_model" "evdev" (**) Option "xkb_layout" "us" Xorg.0.log has this to say: (WW) AllowEmptyInput is on, devices using drivers 'kbd', 'mouse' or 'vmmouse' will be disabled. (WW) Disabling Mouse1 (WW) Disabling Keyboard1 My Xorg.conf has this in it. Identifier "Keyboard1" Driver "kbd" Option "AutoRepeat" "500 30" # Specify which keyboard LEDs can be user-controlled (eg, with xset(1)) Option "XkbRules" "xorg" Option "XkbModel" "pc105" Option "XkbLayout" "gb"

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• Network Bridging for WiFi-to-Ethernet in linux

  - by shakaran

  It is possible Network Bridging for WiFi-to-Ethernet in linux instead of Ethernet-to-Ethernet? I have a CentOS 6.3 machine. I am using KVM and I want perform a brigde for virtualize more machines. This machine is connected only via wireless connection and it doesn't have a ethernet connection. So, I did a bridge over the WiFi interface like: # cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0 DEVICE="br0" NM_CONTROLLED="yes" ONBOOT=yes TYPE=Bridge BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=192.168.1.50 PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 DNS1=8.8.8.8 DNS2=8.8.4.4 DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes IPV6INIT=no NAME="System br0" Then I edit my wireless conection like: # cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-mywireless ESSID="mywireless" MODE=Managed KEY_MGMT=WPA-PSK WPA_ALLOW_WPA2=yes CIPHER_PAIRWISE=CCMP CIPHER_GROUP=CCMP TYPE=Wireless #BOOTPROTO=none #IPADDR=192.168.1.50 #PREFIX=24 #GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 #DNS1=8.8.8.8 #DNS2=8.8.4.4 DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes IPV6INIT=no NAME="Auto mywireless" UUID=874***** ONBOOT=yes LAST_CONNECT=1355923469 BRIDGE=br0 After, I restart the network: # /etc/init.d/network restart Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface Auto_mywireless: Error: Unknown connection: 874***** [FAILED] Bringing up interface br0: [ OK ] But as you can see, it show a error. My ifconfig output shows now: # ifconfig br0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 6E:20:AD:CE:D8:AB inet addr:192.168.1.50 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::6c20:adff:fece:d8ab/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:67 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:6393 (6.2 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:432 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:432 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:62433 (60.9 KiB) TX bytes:62433 (60.9 KiB) ra0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:22:F7:2B:87:E5 inet addr:192.168.1.42 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::222:f7ff:fe2b:87e5/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:46 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:487894880 (465.2 MiB) TX bytes:148136473 (141.2 MiB) virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:5B:30:9A inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:70 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:5838 (5.7 KiB) But this doesn't give internet connection and I loss access to 192.168.1.50. So, it is possible setup this networking bridge WiFi-to-Ethernet?

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• Windows 7 laptop constantly dropping internet connection

  - by Corbin Holbert

  I have scoured the web for an answer and failed to find one. I am using a Toshiba Satellite laptop running Windows 7 64-Bit. I have the computer connected via Wifi. Now, I am no beginner with the Internet, or anything related to computers, as I have grown up teaching everyone around me how to use computers, and went to college for IT. Everything on my network works flawlessly at all times, except for this evil laptop. The worst part is that I fixed this once before a few years back and recently had to replace the hard drive and re-install the OS, but cannot for the life of me remember what I did to make this problem go away. I am in my browser, connected to the Internet. I click a link. Suddenly no internet access. All I do is click down on the WiFi connection in the task bar, disconnect and reconnect immediately. Internet is back the moment I hit "connect." I have read many people had the same issues as I am having, but they all had triggers or other network issues. I have no trigger (this happens literally five to six times per minute no matter what I am doing) and I have no problems with my router, modem, or any other devices or computers on said network. As I am a web designer, and like to test my work live at every turn- this is going to result in this laptop being in pieces if I can't get it fixed soon. If more info is needed, let me know and I will provide. Thanks for any help offered! EDIT: Network Card: Realtek RTL8188CE Wireless LAN 802.11n PCI-E NIC Network state reads as "No Internet Access" when the problem first occurs, then magically I have Internet access for about ten seconds once I disconnect and reconnect. I have turned off IPV6, I have turned off power saving options for the network adapter, no viruses. Any new ideas? Also, I had to disconnect and reconnect four times just to get to this edit screen- and will likely have to do the same just to post it- it's that bad.

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• Setting up Apache and PHP on Mac OS X Snow Leopard

  - by Martin Bean

  I've recently purchased an Apple iMac. Unfortunately, enabling Apache and PHP has thrown up some problems. I enabled Mac's built-in Web Sharing through System Preferences, at which point I got an output and could add HTML files to my user directory. However, PHP files were being displayed rather than interpreted. I then discovered this is because PHP isn't enabled by default on Mac's Apache set-up. After a quick Google search, I came across this page: http://developer.apple.com/mac/articles/internet/phpeasyway.html I proceeded to the section, Enabling PHP in Apache, copying and pasting the following code snippet into a new Terminal window and hitting Return: set admin_email to (do shell script "defaults read AddressBookMe ExistingEmailAddress") user_www=$HOME/Sites filename=php-test user_index=${user_www}/${filename}.php user_db=${user_www}/${filename}-db.sqlite3 # NOTE: Having a writeable database in your home directory can be a security risk! conf=`apachectl -V | awk -F= '/SERVER_CONFIG/ {print \$2}'| sed 's/"//g'` conf_old=$conf.$$ conf_new=/tmp/php_conf.new touch $user_db chmod a+r $user_index chmod a+w $user_db chmod a+w $user_www echo "Enabling PHP in $conf ..." sed '/#LoadModule php5_module/s/#LoadModule/LoadModule/' $conf | sed "s^[email protected]^<b>\$admin_email</b>^" > $conf_new echo "(Re)Starting Apache ..." osascript <<EOF do shell script "/bin/mv -f $conf $conf_old; /bin/mv $conf_new $conf; /usr/sbin/apachectl restart" with administrator privileges EOF Unfortunately, this has completed thrown Apache and now nothing is being served; instead I'm receiving "Failed to open page" errors because it cannot connect to the server, despite Web Sharing still being active in System Preferences. So therefore I guess my question is this: how can I undo the changes made by the copy-and-pasting of the above code snippet? Admittedly, I don't understand what the above did; I just thought it looked like a Terminal command and tried it. I have no experience in setting up Apache on Mac OS X (and I've only installed XAMPP and WampServer on Windows). So any points on reversing the aforementioned, and then successfully enabling PHP would be great. EDIT: I've discovered, via Console, the following error message is being recorded when trying to browse to 127.0.0.1... (org.apache.httpd) Throttling respawn: Will start in 10 seconds no listening sockets available, shutting down Unable to open logs (org.apache.httpd[13453]) Exited with exit code: 1 Does this point any more to the issue? EDIT #2: I'm now getting this in Console... 15/02/2010 21:24:14 osascript[3597] Error loading /Library/ScriptingAdditions/Adobe Unit Types.osax/Contents/MacOS/Adobe Unit Types: dlopen(/Library/ScriptingAdditions/Adobe Unit Types.osax/Contents/MacOS/Adobe Unit Types, 262): no suitable image found. Did find: /Library/ScriptingAdditions/Adobe Unit Types.osax/Contents/MacOS/Adobe Unit Types: no matching architecture in universal wrapper

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• Starting/Stopping Custom PHP Chat Server Linux Service (CentOS)

  - by chad

  I have been trying all night to get this service working properly. I created this script from a template and am very new to bash coding. I wrote a fully functioning chat server in php which runs endlessly, but now want to make it a dedicated service. I want to do this so that it starts on server boot and boots back up if possible when there are any down-times with the server. The issue is that I need this thing to run in a detached screen so that I can monitor packet data or send server commands via SSH when need-be. The main problem that i'm having is that it needs to have its own PID when it starts so that I can stop/restart it when needed. I am the type who grinds on coding until I figure it out, but this is so new to me that it seems the learning curve here is very steep and frustrating. Below is my code if anybody can please help me with this one, i've gotten so tired I can't even concentrate any more :( #!/bin/sh # # chatserver # # chkconfig: 345 20 90 # description: chatServer Linux Service Daemon \ # for general server handling ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: chatserver # Required-Start: $local_fs $network $named $syslog # Required-Stop: $local_fs $syslog # Default-Start: 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 2 6 # Short-Description: This service maintains the chatServer # Description: chatServer Linux Service Daemon # for general server handling ### END INIT INFO # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions exec="screen php -q /var/www/html/chatServer.php" prog="chatserver" config="/etc/sysconfig/$prog" pidfile="/var/run/chatserver.pid" [ -e /etc/sysconfig/$prog ] && . /etc/sysconfig/$prog lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/$prog start() { #$exec || exit 5 echo -n $"Starting $prog: " daemon $exec --name=$exec --pidfile=$pidfile retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile return $retval } stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc -p $pidfile rm -f $pidfile retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile return $retval } restart() { stop start } reload() { restart } force_reload() { restart } rh_status() { # run checks to determine if the service is running or use generic status status $prog } rh_status_q() { rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1 } case "$1" in start) rh_status_q && exit 0 $1 ;; stop) rh_status_q || exit 0 $1 ;; restart) $1 ;; reload) rh_status_q || exit 7 $1 ;; force-reload) force_reload ;; status) rh_status ;; condrestart|try-restart) rh_status_q || exit 0 restart ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload}" exit 2 esac exit $?

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• DVD Drive Failing on Windows 7

  - by Seth Spearman

  Hello, I have x64 Windows 7 running on an ASUS M50VM. The DVD drive works completely unreliably if not at all. But the story is not that simple so bear with me...here are the gory details. When I first got the machine it came with Windows XP and I upgraded it to Windows Vista X64 and the DVD worked fine. When Windows 7 RC2 came out I tried it on a Virtual Machine and I liked it so much that I upgraded the machine to Win7 RC1. The DVD worked fine. Of course, RC1 was going to start spontaneously rebooting, so when Windows 7 was released I DID A CLEAN INSTALL of Windows 7. Just to clarify...by clean install I mean I did a FORMAT of the HARD DRIVE and INSTALLED it from scratch. EVER since then the DVD mostly doesn't work. I can sometime read from disk but that will often hang. (Please see my description below of HANG for details.) CD or DVD writes ALWAYS fail with a HANG (I have done a successful write only one time.) Here is what I mean by HANG... *Explorer Window is unresponsive. *Any software accessing the DVD drive is unresponsive. *The DVD tray will not eject. *Using a paper clip will eject but the disk is usually spinning real hard. *Attempting to shut down windows will fail. I have waited as long as ten minutes but the whole OS seems to hang. I do a hard shutdown. *Sometimes accessing the DVD (when it does not cause a HANG) will still fail and the device will actually seem to disappear from the system until I reboot. A couple of other things. It is NOT a hardware failure. It is the Windows OS. I know this because I swapped out my DVD drive with a friend with the same model...his machine is fine (he is still running Vista X64) and my machine still fails. For what it is worth. I swapped out my primary disk with the INTEL 160GB SSD. EDIT Here is what System Information shows about my DVD drive Drive D: Description CD-ROM Drive Media Loaded No Media Type DVD Writer Name HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-T50N ATA Device Manufacturer (Standard CD-ROM drives) Status OK Transfer Rate -1.00 kbytes/sec SCSI Target ID 0 PNP Device ID IDE\CDROMHL-DT-ST_DVDRAM_GSA-T50N________________RR04____\5&2B5B7F1D&0&1.0.0 Driver c:\windows\system32\drivers\cdrom.sys (6.1.7600.16385, 144.00 KB (147,456 bytes), 7/13/2009 7:19 PM) Any ideas? HELP! Seth B Spearman

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• Are file access times not properly maintained in Mac OS X?

  - by Ether

  I'm trying to determine how file access times are maintained by default in Mac OS X, as I'm trying to diagnose some odd behaviour I'm seeing in a new MBP Unibody (running Snow Leopard, 10.6.2): The symptoms (drilling down to the specific behaviour that seems to be causing the issue): mutt is unable to switch to mailboxes which have recently received new mail mail is delivered by procmail, which updates the mtime of the mbox folder it is updating, but does not alter the atime (this is how new mail detection works: by comparing atime to mtime) however, both the mtime and atime of the mbox file is getting updated Through testing, it does not appear that atimes can be set separately in the filesystem: : [ether@tequila ~]$; touch test : [ether@tequila ~]$; touch -m -t 200801010000 test2 : [ether@tequila ~]$; touch -a -t 200801010000 test3 : [ether@tequila ~]$; ls -l test* -rw------- 1 ether staff 0 Dec 30 11:42 test -rw------- 1 ether staff 0 Jan 1 2008 test2 -rw------- 1 ether staff 0 Dec 30 11:43 test3 : [ether@tequila ~]$; ls -lu test* -rw------- 1 ether staff 0 Dec 30 11:42 test -rw------- 1 ether staff 0 Dec 30 11:43 test2 -rw------- 1 ether staff 0 Dec 30 11:43 test3 The test2 file is created with an old mtime, and the atime is set to now (as it is a new file), which is correct. However, test3 is created with an old atime, but is not set properly on the file. To be sure this is not just behaviour seen with new files, let's modify an old file: : [ether@tequila ~]$; touch -a -t 200801010000 test : [ether@tequila ~]$; ls -l test -rw------- 1 ether staff 0 Dec 30 11:42 test : [ether@tequila ~]$; ls -lu test -rw------- 1 ether staff 0 Dec 30 11:45 test So it would seem that atimes cannot be set explicitly (it is always reset to "now" when either mtime or atime modifications are submitted). Is this something inherent to the filesystem itself, is it something that can be changed, or am I totally crazy and looking in the wrong place? PS. the output of mount is: : [ether@tequila ~]$; mount /dev/disk0s2 on / (hfs, local, journaled) devfs on /dev (devfs, local, nobrowse) map -hosts on /net (autofs, nosuid, automounted, nobrowse) map auto_home on /home (autofs, automounted, nobrowse) ...and Disk Utility says that the drive is of type "Mac OS Extended (Journaled)".

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• Mongodb: why is my mongo server using two PID's?

  - by Lucas

  I started my mongo with the following command: [lucas@ecoinstance]~/node/nodetest2$ sudo mongod --dbpath /home/lucas/node/nodetest2/data 2014-06-07T08:46:30.507+0000 [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=6409 port=27017 dbpat h=/home/lucas/node/nodetest2/data 64-bit host=ecoinstance 2014-06-07T08:46:30.508+0000 [initandlisten] db version v2.6.1 2014-06-07T08:46:30.508+0000 [initandlisten] git version: 4b95b086d2374bdcfcdf2249272fb55 2c9c726e8 2014-06-07T08:46:30.508+0000 [initandlisten] build info: Linux build14.nj1.10gen.cc 2.6.3 2-431.3.1.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Jan 3 21:39:27 UTC 2014 x86_64 BOOST_LIB_VERSION=1_49 2014-06-07T08:46:30.509+0000 [initandlisten] allocator: tcmalloc 2014-06-07T08:46:30.509+0000 [initandlisten] options: { storage: { dbPath: "/home/lucas/n ode/nodetest2/data" } } 2014-06-07T08:46:30.520+0000 [initandlisten] journal dir=/home/lucas/node/nodetest2/data/ journal 2014-06-07T08:46:30.520+0000 [initandlisten] recover : no journal files present, no recov ery needed 2014-06-07T08:46:30.527+0000 [initandlisten] waiting for connections on port 27017 It appears to be working, as I can execute mongo and access the server. However, here are the process running mongo: [lucas@ecoinstance]~/node/testSite$ ps aux | grep mongo root 6540 0.0 0.2 33424 1664 pts/3 S+ 08:52 0:00 sudo mongod --dbpath /ho me/lucas/node/nodetest2/data root 6541 0.6 8.6 522140 52512 pts/3 Sl+ 08:52 0:00 mongod --dbpath /home/lu cas/node/nodetest2/data lucas 6554 0.0 0.1 7836 876 pts/4 S+ 08:52 0:00 grep mongo As you can see, there are two PID's for mongo. Before I ran sudo mongod --dbpath /home/lucas/node/nodetest2/data, there were none (besides the grep of course). How did my command spawn two PID's, and should I be concerned? Any suggestions or tips would be great. Additional Info In addition, I may have other issues that might suggest a cause. I tried running mongo with --fork --logpath /home/lucas..., but it did not work. More information below: [lucas@ecoinstance]~/node/nodetest2$ sudo mongod --dbpath /home/lucas/node/nodetest2/data --fork --logpath /home/lucas/node/nodetest2/data/ about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 6578 ERROR: child process failed, exited with error number 1 [lucas@ecoinstance]~/node/nodetest2$ ls -l data/ total 163852 drwxr-xr-x 2 mongodb nogroup 4096 Jun 7 08:54 journal -rw------- 1 mongodb nogroup 67108864 Jun 7 08:52 local.0 -rw------- 1 mongodb nogroup 16777216 Jun 7 08:52 local.ns -rwxr-xr-x 1 mongodb nogroup 0 Jun 7 08:54 mongod.lock -rw------- 1 mongodb nogroup 67108864 Jun 7 02:08 nodetest1.0 -rw------- 1 mongodb nogroup 16777216 Jun 7 02:08 nodetest1.ns Also, my db path folder is not the original location. It was originally created under the default /var/lib/mongodb/ and moved to my local data folder. This was done after shutting down the server via /etc/init.d/mongod stop. I have a Debian Wheezy server, if it matters.

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• Postmaster uses excessive CPU and Disk Writes

  - by wolfcastle

  using PostgreSQL 9.1.2 I'm seeing excessive CPU usage and large amounts of writes to disk from postmaster tasks. This happens even while my application is doing almost nothing (10s of inserts per MINUTE). There are a reasonable number of connections open however. I've been trying to determine what in my application is causing this. I'm pretty newb with postgresql, and haven't gotten anywhere so far. I've turned on some logging options in my config file, and looked at connections in the pg_stat_activity table, but they are all idle. Yet each connection consumes ~ 50% CPU, and is writing ~15M/s to disk (reading nothing). I'm basically using the stock postgresql.conf with very little tweaks. I'd appreciate any advice or pointers on what I can do to track this down. Here is a sample of what top/iotop is showing me: Cpu(s): 18.9%us, 14.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 53.4%id, 11.8%wa, 0.0%hi, 1.5%si, 0.0%st Mem: 32865916k total, 7263720k used, 25602196k free, 575608k buffers Swap: 16777208k total, 0k used, 16777208k free, 4464212k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 17057 postgres 20 0 236m 33m 13m R 45.0 0.1 73:48.78 postmaster 17188 postgres 20 0 219m 15m 11m R 42.3 0.0 61:45.57 postmaster 17963 postgres 20 0 219m 16m 11m R 42.3 0.1 27:15.01 postmaster 17084 postgres 20 0 219m 15m 11m S 41.7 0.0 63:13.64 postmaster 17964 postgres 20 0 219m 17m 12m R 41.7 0.1 27:23.28 postmaster 18688 postgres 20 0 219m 15m 11m R 41.3 0.0 63:46.81 postmaster 17088 postgres 20 0 226m 24m 12m R 41.0 0.1 64:39.63 postmaster 24767 postgres 20 0 219m 17m 12m R 41.0 0.1 24:39.24 postmaster 18660 postgres 20 0 219m 14m 9.9m S 40.7 0.0 60:51.52 postmaster 18664 postgres 20 0 218m 15m 11m S 40.7 0.0 61:39.61 postmaster 17962 postgres 20 0 222m 19m 11m S 40.3 0.1 11:48.79 postmaster 18671 postgres 20 0 219m 14m 9m S 39.4 0.0 60:53.21 postmaster 26168 postgres 20 0 219m 15m 10m S 38.4 0.0 59:04.55 postmaster Total DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Total DISK WRITE: 195.97 M/s TID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO> COMMAND 17962 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 14.83 M/s 0.00 % 0.25 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 17084 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 15.53 M/s 0.00 % 0.24 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 17963 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 15.00 M/s 0.00 % 0.24 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 17188 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 14.80 M/s 0.00 % 0.24 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 17964 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 15.50 M/s 0.00 % 0.24 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 18664 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 15.13 M/s 0.00 % 0.23 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 17088 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 14.71 M/s 0.00 % 0.13 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 18688 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 14.72 M/s 0.00 % 0.00 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 24767 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 14.93 M/s 0.00 % 0.00 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 18671 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 16.14 M/s 0.00 % 0.00 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 17057 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 13.58 M/s 0.00 % 0.00 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 26168 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 15.50 M/s 0.00 % 0.00 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 18660 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 15.85 M/s 0.00 % 0.00 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle

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• umount bind of stale NFS

  - by Paul Eisner

  i've got a problem removing mounts created with mount -o bind from a locally mounted NFS folder. Assume the following mount structure: NFS mounted directory: $ mount -o rw,soft,tcp,intr,timeo=10,retrans=2,retry=1 \ 10.20.0.1:/srv/source /srv/nfs-source Bound directory: $ mount -o bind /srv/nfs-source/sub1 /srv/bind-target/sub1 Which results in this mount map $ mount /dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) # ... 10.20.0.1:/srv/source on /srv/nfs-source type nfs (rw,soft,tcp,intr,timeo=10,retrans=2,retry=1,addr=10.20.0.100) /srv/nfs-source/sub1 on /srv/bind-target/sub1 type none (rw,bind) If the server (10.20.0.1) goes down (eg ifdown eth0), the handles become stale, which is expected. I can now un-mount the NFS mount with force $ umount -f /srv/nfs-source This takes some seconds, but works without any problems. However, i cannot un-mount the bound directory in /srv/bind-target/sub1. The forced umount results in: $ umount -f /srv/bind-target/sub1 umount2: Stale NFS file handle umount: /srv/bind-target/sub1: Stale NFS file handle umount2: Stale NFS file handle Here is a trace http://pastebin.com/ipvvrVmB I've tried umounting the sub-directories beforehand, find any processes accessing anything within the NFS or bind mounts (there are none). lsof also complains: $ lsof -n lsof: WARNING: can't stat() nfs file system /srv/nfs-source Output information may be incomplete. lsof: WARNING: can't stat() nfs file system /srv/bind-target/sub1 (deleted) Output information may be incomplete. lsof: WARNING: can't stat() nfs file system /srv/bind-target/ Output information may be incomplete. I've tried with recent stable Linux kernels 3.2.17, 3.2.19 and 3.3.8 (cannot use 3.4.x, cause need the grsecurity patch, which is not, yet, supported - grsecurity is not patched in in the tests above!). My nfs-utils are version 1.2.2 (debian stable). Does anybody have an idea how i can either: force the un-mount some other way? (any dirty trick is welcome, data loss or damage neglible at this point) use something else instead of mount -o bind? (cannot use soft links, cause mounted directories will be used in chroot; bindfs via FUSE is far to slow to be an option) Thanks, Paul Update 1 With 2.6.32.59 the umount of the (stale) sub-mounts work just fine. It seems to be a kernel regression bug. The above tests where with NFSv3. Additional tests with NFSv4 showed no change. Update 2 We have tested now multiple 2.6 and 3.x kernels and are now sure, that this was introduced in 3.0.x. We will fille a bug report, hopefully they figure it out.

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• Apache and MySQL taking all the memory? Maximum connections?

  - by lpfavreau

  I've a had one of our servers going down (network wise) but keeping its uptime (so looks the server is not losing its power) recently. I've asked my hosting company to investigate and I've been told, after investigation, that Apache and MySQL were at all time using 80% of the memory and peaking at 95% and that I might be needing to add some more RAM to the server. One of their justifications to adding more RAM was that I was using the default max connections setting (125 for MySQL and 150 for Apache) and that for handling those 150 simultaneous connections, I would need at least 3Gb of memory instead of the 1Gb I have at the moment. Now, I understand that tweaking the max connections might be better than me leaving the default setting although I didn't feel it was a concern at the moment, having had servers with the same configuration handle more traffic than the current 1 or 2 visitors before the lunch, telling myself I'd tweak it depending on the visits pattern later. I've also always known Apache was more memory hungry under default settings than its competitor such as nginx and lighttpd. Nonetheless, looking at the stats of my machine, I'm trying to see how my hosting company got those numbers. I'm getting: # free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1000 944 56 0 148 725 -/+ buffers/cache: 71 929 Swap: 1953 0 1953 Which I guess means that yes, the server is reserving around 95% of its memory at the moment but I also thought it meant that only 71 out of the 1000 total were really used by the applications at the moment looking a the buffers/cache row. Also I don't see any swapping: # vmstat 60 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 0 0 0 57612 151704 742596 0 0 1 1 3 11 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 57604 151704 742596 0 0 0 1 1 24 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 57604 151704 742596 0 0 0 2 1 18 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 57604 151704 742596 0 0 0 0 1 13 0 0 100 0 And finally, while requesting a page: top - 08:33:19 up 3 days, 13:11, 2 users, load average: 0.06, 0.02, 0.00 Tasks: 81 total, 1 running, 80 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 1.3%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 98.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 1024616k total, 976744k used, 47872k free, 151716k buffers Swap: 2000052k total, 0k used, 2000052k free, 742596k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 24914 www-data 20 0 26296 8640 3724 S 2 0.8 0:00.06 apache2 23785 mysql 20 0 125m 18m 5268 S 1 1.9 0:04.54 mysqld 24491 www-data 20 0 25828 7488 3180 S 1 0.7 0:00.02 apache2 1 root 20 0 2844 1688 544 S 0 0.2 0:01.30 init ... So, I'd like to know, experts of serverfault: Do I really need more RAM at the moment? How do they calculate that for 150 simultaneous connections I'd need 3Gb? Thanks for your help!

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• DVD Drive Failing on Windows 7

  - by Seth Spearman

  I have x64 Windows 7 running on an ASUS M50VM. The DVD drive works completely unreliably if not at all. But the story is not that simple so bear with me...here are the gory details. When I first got the machine it came with Windows XP and I upgraded it to Windows Vista X64 and the DVD worked fine. When Windows 7 RC2 came out I tried it on a Virtual Machine and I liked it so much that I upgraded the machine to Win7 RC1. The DVD worked fine. Of course, RC1 was going to start spontaneously rebooting, so when Windows 7 was released I DID A CLEAN INSTALL of Windows 7. Just to clarify...by clean install I mean I did a FORMAT of the HARD DRIVE and INSTALLED it from scratch. EVER since then the DVD mostly doesn't work. I can sometime read from disk but that will often hang. (Please see my description below of HANG for details.) CD or DVD writes ALWAYS fail with a HANG (I have done a successful write only one time.) Here is what I mean by HANG... *Explorer Window is unresponsive. *Any software accessing the DVD drive is unresponsive. *The DVD tray will not eject. *Using a paper clip will eject but the disk is usually spinning real hard. *Attempting to shut down windows will fail. I have waited as long as ten minutes but the whole OS seems to hang. I do a hard shutdown. *Sometimes accessing the DVD (when it does not cause a HANG) will still fail and the device will actually seem to disappear from the system until I reboot. A couple of other things. It is NOT a hardware failure. It is the Windows OS. I know this because I swapped out my DVD drive with a friend with the same model...his machine is fine (he is still running Vista X64) and my machine still fails. For what it is worth. I swapped out my primary disk with the INTEL 160GB SSD. EDIT Here is what System Information shows about my DVD drive Drive D: Description CD-ROM Drive Media Loaded No Media Type DVD Writer Name HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-T50N ATA Device Manufacturer (Standard CD-ROM drives) Status OK Transfer Rate -1.00 kbytes/sec SCSI Target ID 0 PNP Device ID IDE\CDROMHL-DT-ST_DVDRAM_GSA-T50N________________RR04____\5&2B5B7F1D&0&1.0.0 Driver c:\windows\system32\drivers\cdrom.sys (6.1.7600.16385, 144.00 KB (147,456 bytes), 7/13/2009 7:19 PM) Any ideas? HELP! Seth B Spearman

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• Cannot exit X server, restart, shutdown or drop to tty when VGA monitor active

  - by terdon

  I have a strange problem. If I connect an external VGA monitor to my laptop, exiting the X environment in any way crashes the computer. For example, say I am working with my two monitors (the laptop's and one connected to my VGA port) active. Hitting Ctrl+Alt+F Key should take me down to a tty. What actually happens is that the VGA screen goes blank, as you would expect, but the laptop screen, although still on, shows nothing. I know the screen is on because it is slightly more illuminated than when it is off. When in this state, I can do nothing to regain access to the machine. I have tried: Ctrl+F Key (and even Ctrl+Alt+F Key, just in case) combinations and none seem to have any effect. Ctrl+Alt+Del : Nothing Magic SysRq key: Nothing Blindly typing my username and password and trying to reboot/shutdown or restart GDM or MDM: Nothing The only thing that works is a hard reset. The exact same behavior occurs when kiling the X server through Ctrl+Alt+Backspace, rebooting or shutdown. There is no difference if I reboot/shutdown/log out using the WM's graphical menu or if I use the shutdown or rebootcommands. It is also not WM-dependent. I have the same problem using Cinnamon, Gnome 3, MATE and xfce4. It is, however, VGA dependent. I have tried connecting another VGA monitor and have the same problem. I do not, however, have this problem if a screen is connected to the DisplayPort. It is, therefore, a VGA specific issue. To make things even stranger, this only occurs when both screens are active. If either the laptop screen or the VGA monitor is inactive the problem goes away. Finally, this problem arose when I installed the latest Linux Mint Debian (LMDE). It did not occur with the previous release of LMDE. I am not sure what has changed since I used the same kernel version in both releases (I had upgraded the kernel while on the previous release) and, I think, the same nvidia drivers. Oh, and yes, I have updated the nvidia driver. Hardware: Dell M4500 laptop CPU: Intel Core i7 RAM: 8GB Graphics: nVidia GT216 [Quadro FX 880M] Software: LMDE, kernel 3.2.0-2-amd64 Xorg: 1.11.4 nVidia kernel: 295.20-1+3.2.9-1 Possibly relevant files: /var/log/Xorg.0.log ~/.xsession-errors Does anyone have any ideas how to fix this? Thanks in advance for any help.

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• SSD Fresh Does Not Start

  - by Jim Fell

  I recently installed a new 60GB SSD as my primary hard drive and re-installed Windows 7 Professional 64-bit. I then installed SSD Fress from Abelssoft to optimize Windows to run on the SSD. It seemed to install okay, but when I try to run the utility, its splash screen appears briefly before it quietly closes. No errors are displayed; the utility just fails to launch. I have run SSD Fresh on another SSD-equipped Windows 7 Pro x64 computer in the past without any problems. Does anyone know what might be preventing the program from running? I tried shutting down the Spybot Resident and disabling the firewall and virus scanner with no luck. I also tried running the tool as administrator; I even tried reinstalling it, running the installer as administrator. No luck. Every time I try to launch the program the Event Viewer logs this same set of errors: Error 4/2/2012 11:35:44 PM Application Error 1000 (100) Error 4/2/2012 11:35:43 PM .NET Runtime 1026 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None For those who are interested, here is my system configuration: ASRock M3A770DE AM3 AMD 770 ATX AMD Motherboard AMD Athlon II X3 455 Rana 3.3GHz Socket AM3 95W Triple-Core Desktop Processor ADX455WFGMBOX G.SKILL Value Series 8GB (2 x 4GB) 240-Pin DDR3 SDRAM DDR3 1333 (PC3 10600) Desktop Memory Model F3-10600CL9D-8GBNT Mushkin Enhanced Chronos Deluxe MKNSSDCR60GB-DX 2.5" 60GB SATA III Synchronous MLC Internal Solid State Drive (SSD) (Primary/Boot HD) Western Digital Caviar Blue RFHWD1600AAJS 160GB 7200 RPM SATA 3.0Gb/s 3.5" Internal Hard Drive -Bare Drive (Secondary HD) Sony Optiarc CD/DVD Burner Black SATA Model AD-7261S-0B LightScribe Support RAIDMAX RX-850AE 850W ATX12V v2.3 / EPS12V SLI Certified CrossFire Ready 80 PLUS GOLD Certified Modular Active PFC Power Supply ASUS HD7850-DC2-2GD5 Radeon HD 7850 2GB 256-bit GDDR5 PCI Express 3.0 x16 HDCP Ready CrossFireX Support Video Card Asus ML228H 21.5" Full HD LED BackLight LED Monitor Slim Design (x3)

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