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  • SFINAE + sizeof = detect if expression compiles

    - by FredOverflow
    I just found out how to check if operator<< is provided for a type. template<class T> T& lvalue_of_type(); template<class T> T rvalue_of_type(); template<class T> struct is_printable { template<class U> static char test(char(*)[sizeof( lvalue_of_type<std::ostream>() << rvalue_of_type<U>() )]); template<class U> static long test(...); enum { value = 1 == sizeof test<T>(0) }; typedef boost::integral_constant<bool, value> type; }; Is this trick well-known, or have I just won the metaprogramming Nobel prize? ;) EDIT: I made the code simpler to understand and easier to adapt with two global function template declarations lvalue_of_type and rvalue_of_type.

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  • MSVC 2003 doesn't see any definitions from a nested include file

    - by ezpresso
    I have a piece of code with COM class declaration as follows: #include "PathTypes.h" MIDL_INTERFACE("552C7555-0555-4444-BA86-56CF39AAFFFF") IPathCalc : public IUnknown { virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetLocation( /* [retval][out] */ GeoLocation* pLoc) = 0; virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetLocation( /* [in] */ GeoLocation* pLoc) = 0; ... }; Below is the contents of PathTypes.h file: #if !defined(PATHCALC_TYPES_INCLUDED) #define PATHCALC_TYPES_INCLUDED #include "libastro/AstronomyStructs.h" #endif And the libastro/AstronomyStructs.h from an external cross-platform library: #ifndef _ASTRONOMY_STRUCTS_INCLUDED #define _ASTRONOMY_STRUCTS_INCLUDED typedef struct { double lattitude; double longitude; } GeoLocation; ... #endif /* _ASTRONOMY_STRUCTS_INCLUDED */ When I'm trying to build this code with g++ everything goes well. That's not the case with MSVC 2003 which returns error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'GeoLocation'. Seems like MSVC doesn't "see" the definitions from the libastro/AstronomyStructs.h file. When I replace #include "PathTypes.h" with #include "libastro/AstronomyStructs.h" the code compiles without errors. How to make MSVC 2003 to actually "see" the definitions from the nested include files?

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  • Warning: cast increases required alignment

    - by dash-tom-bang
    I'm recently working on this platform for which a legacy codebase issues a large number of "cast increases required alignment to N" warnings, where N is the size of the target of the cast. struct Message { int32_t id; int32_t type; int8_t data[16]; }; int32_t GetMessageInt(const Message& m) { return *reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(&data[0]); } Hopefully it's obvious that a "real" implementation would be a bit more complex, but the basic point is that I've got data coming from somewhere, I know that it's aligned (because I need the id and type to be aligned), and yet I get the message that the cast is increasing the alignment, in the example case, to 4. Now I know that I can suppress the warning with an argument to the compiler, and I know that I can cast the bit inside the parentheses to void* first, but I don't really want to go through every bit of code that needs this sort of manipulation (there's a lot because we load a lot of data off of disk, and that data comes in as char buffers so that we can easily pointer-advance), but can anyone give me any other thoughts on this problem? I mean, to me it seems like such an important and common option that you wouldn't want to warn, and if there is actually the possibility of doing it wrong then suppressing the warning isn't going to help. Finally, can't the compiler know as I do how the object in question is actually aligned in the structure, so it should be able to not worry about the alignment on that particular object unless it got bumped a byte or two?

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  • How to use dirent.h correctly.

    - by Nick
    Hello, I am new to C++ and I am experimenting with the dirent.h header to manipulate directory entries. The following little app compiles but pukes after you supple a directory name. Can someone give me a hint? The int quit is there to provide a while loop. I removed the loop in an attempt to isolate my problem. thanks! #include <iostream> #include <dirent.h> using namespace std; int main() { char *dirname = 0; DIR *pd = 0; struct dirent *pdirent = 0; int quit = 1; cout<< "Enter a directory path to open (leave blank to quit):\n"; cin >> dirname; if(dirname == NULL) { quit = 0; } pd = opendir(dirname); if(pd == NULL) { cout << "ERROR: Please provide a valid directory path.\n"; } return 0; }

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  • Is memory allocation in linux non-blocking?

    - by Mark
    I am curious to know if the allocating memory using a default new operator is a non-blocking operation. e.g. struct Node { int a,b; }; ... Node foo = new Node(); If multiple threads tried to create a new Node and if one of them was suspended by the OS in the middle of allocation, would it block other threads from making progress? The reason why I ask is because I had a concurrent data structure that created new nodes. I then modified the algorithm to recycle the nodes. The throughput performance of the two algorithms was virtually identical on a 24 core machine. However, I then created an interference program that ran on all the system cores in order to create as much OS pre-emption as possible. The throughput performance of the algorithm that created new nodes decreased by a factor of 5 relative the the algorithm that recycled nodes. I'm curious to know why this would occur. Thanks. *Edit : pointing me to the code for the c++ memory allocator for linux would be helpful as well. I tried looking before posting this question, but had trouble finding it.

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  • What is the merit of the "function" type (not "pointer to function")

    - by anatolyg
    Reading the C++ Standard, i see that there are "function" types and "pointer to function" types: typedef int func(int); // function typedef int (*pfunc)(int); // pointer to function typedef func* pfunc; // same as above I have never seen the function types used outside of examples (or maybe i didn't recognize their usage?). Some examples: func increase, decrease; // declares two functions int increase(int), decrease(int); // same as above int increase(int x) {return x + 1;} // cannot use the typedef when defining functions int decrease(int x) {return x - 1;} // cannot use the typedef when defining functions struct mystruct { func add, subtract, multiply; // declares three member functions int member; }; int mystruct::add(int x) {return x + member;} // cannot use the typedef int mystruct::subtract(int x) {return x - member;} int main() { func k; // the syntax is correct but the variable k is useless! mystruct myobject; myobject.member = 4; cout << increase(5) << ' ' << decrease(5) << '\n'; // outputs 6 and 4 cout << myobject.add(5) << ' ' << myobject.subtract(5) << '\n'; // 9 and 1 } Seeing that the function types support syntax that doesn't appear in C (declaring member functions), i guess they are not just a part of C baggage that C++ has to support for backward compatibility. So is there any use for function types, other than demonstrating some funky syntax?

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  • Questions regarding detouring by modifying the virtual table

    - by Elliott Darfink
    I've been practicing detours using the same approach as Microsoft Detours (replace the first five bytes with a jmp and an address). More recently I've been reading about detouring by modifying the virtual table. I would appreciate if someone could shed some light on the subject by mentioning a few pros and cons with this method compared to the one previously mentioned! I'd also like to ask about patched vtables and objects on the stack. Consider the following situation: // Class definition struct Foo { virtual void Call(void) { std::cout << "FooCall\n"; } }; // If it's GCC, 'this' is passed as the first parameter void MyCall(Foo * object) { std::cout << "MyCall\n"; } // In some function Foo * foo = new Foo; // Allocated on the heap Foo foo2; // Created on the stack // Arguments: void ** vtable, uint offset, void * replacement PatchVTable(*reinterpret_cast<void***>(foo), 0, MyCall); // Call the methods foo->Call(); // Outputs: 'MyCall' foo2.Call(); // Outputs: 'FooCall' In this case foo->Call() would end up calling MyCall(Foo * object) whilst foo2.Call() call the original function (i.e Foo::Call(void) method). This is because the compiler will try to decide any virtual calls during compile time if possible (correct me if I'm wrong). Does that mean it does not matter if you patch the virtual table or not, as long as you use objects on the stack (not heap allocated)?

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  • Equivalent to window.setTimeout() for C++

    - by bobobobo
    In javascript there's this sweet, sweet function window.setTimeout( func, 1000 ) ; which will asynchronously invoke func after 1000 ms. I want to do something similar in C++ (without multithreading), so I put together a sample loop like: #include <stdio.h> struct Callback { // The _time_ this function will be executed. double execTime ; // The function to execute after execTime has passed void* func ; } ; // Sample function to execute void go() { puts( "GO" ) ; } // Global program-wide sense of time double time ; int main() { // start the timer time = 0 ; // Make a sample callback Callback c1 ; c1.execTime = 10000 ; c1.func = go ; while( 1 ) { // its time to execute it if( time c1.execTime ) { c1.func ; // !! doesn't work! } time++; } } How can I make something like this work?

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  • Nullable<T> as a parameter

    - by ferch
    I alredy have this: public static object GetDBValue(object ObjectEvaluated) { if (ObjectEvaluated == null) return DBNull.Value; else return ObjectEvaluated; } used like: List<SqlParameter> Params = new List<SqlParameter>(); Params.Add(new SqlParameter("@EntityType", GetDBValue(EntityType))); Now i wanted to keep the same interface but extend that to use it with nullable public static object GetDBValue(int? ObjectEvaluated) { if (ObjectEvaluated.HasValue) return ObjectEvaluated.Value; else return DBNull.Value; } public static object GetDBValue(DateTime? ObjectEvaluated) {...} but i want only 1 function GetDBValue for nullables. How do I do that and keep the call as is is? Is that possible at all? I can make it work like: public static object GetDBValue<T>(Nullable<T> ObjectEvaluated) where T : struct { if (ObjectEvaluated.HasValue) return ObjectEvaluated.Value; else return DBNull.Value; } But the call changes to: Params.Add(new SqlParameter("@EntityID ", GetDBValue<int>(EntityID)));

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  • String Manipulation in C

    - by baris_a
    Hi guys, I am helping my nephew for his C lab homework, it is a string manipulation assignment and applying Wang's algorithm. Here is the BNF representation for the input. <sequent> ::= <lhs> # <rhs> <lhs> ::= <formulalist>| e <rhs> ::= <formulalist>| e <formulalist> ::= <formula>|<formula> , <formulalist> <formula> ::= <letter>| - <formula>| (<formula><in?xop><formula>) <in?xop> ::= & | | | > <letter> ::= A | B | ... | Z What is the best practice to handle and parse this kind of input in C? How can I parse this structure without using struct? Thanks in advance.

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  • How to use boost::fusion::transform on heterogeneous containers?

    - by Kyle
    Boost.org's example given for fusion::transform is as follows: struct triple { typedef int result_type; int operator()(int t) const { return t * 3; }; }; // ... assert(transform(make_vector(1,2,3), triple()) == make_vector(3,6,9)); Yet I'm not "getting it." The vector in their example contains elements all of the same type, but a major point of using fusion is containers of heterogeneous types. What if they had used make_vector(1, 'a', "howdy") instead? int operator()(int t) would need to become template<typename T> T& operator()(T& const t) But how would I write the result_type? template<typename T> typedef T& result_type certainly isn't valid syntax, and it wouldn't make sense even if it was, because it's not tied to the function.

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  • Cassandra Batch_insert example in C#.net

    - by Sandeep
    Can any one please give me an example on how to work on Cassandra batch_insert in C# thrift client? If possible please let me know where am I going wrong in the following code. Dictionary dictionary = new Dictionary(); Dictionary subColumns = new Dictionary(); List listOfMutations = new List(); listOfMutations.Add(new Mutation() { Column_or_supercolumn = new ColumnOrSuperColumn() { Column = new Column() { Name = utf8Encoding.GetBytes("AA"), Value = utf8Encoding.GetBytes("Answer Automation"), Timestamp = timeStamp } } }); listOfMutations.Add(new Mutation() { Column_or_supercolumn = new ColumnOrSuperColumn() { Column = new Column() { Name = utf8Encoding.GetBytes("CT"), Value = utf8Encoding.GetBytes("Call Tracker"), Timestamp = timeStamp } } }); listOfMutations.Add( new Mutation() { Column_or_supercolumn = new ColumnOrSuperColumn() { Column = new Column() { Name = utf8Encoding.GetBytes("TL"), Value = utf8Encoding.GetBytes("Track That Lead"), Timestamp = timeStamp } } }); SuperColumn superColumn = new SuperColumn() { Name=utf8Encoding.GetBytes("Indatus") }; subColumns.Add("Super1", listOfMutations); dictionary.Add("Indatus", subColumns); client.batch_mutate("Keyspace1",dictionary, ConsistencyLevel.ONE); I understand that SuperColumn struct expects List but I does not have a list of Columns. Rather I have List. Thanks in Advance.

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  • Presenting collection of structures of strings in grid or similar in WPF - Example? Ideas?

    - by Andrew
    Hi, I have a collection of structures. The structure is just some strings. Example public struct ReportLine { public string Name; public string Address; public string Phone; ...// about 10 other strings } I can't change this part. What I want to do is display it in a simple grid or simlar in WPF. My only requirements are: a) need column headers b) rows must alternate in color c) columns big enough to hold largest datum (which is not know until run time) Can someone point me to an example to get me started? Is the GridView the way to go? Or DataGrid? Or perhaps just the grid? I have the book Pro WPF in C# 2008 and it covers binding ListBox's to collections, but the collections always seem to be collections of one field (ex. a collection of 40 names). Here I have a collection (an array in fact) of a structure. How do I setup the databinding? As you can see, I'm new to this and probably would most benefit from a reference to an article. I've found articles covering collections of 1 field, but no examples covering binding to an array of structures. Also, my intitial research indicates c) can't be easily done, if you demand that the column is big enough for all the data in that column, not just the visible data. Thanks, dave

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  • ERROR 2019 Linker Error Visual Studio

    - by Corrie Duck
    Hey I hope someone can tell me know to fix this issue I am having i keep getting an error 2019 from Visual studio for the following file. Now most of the functions have been removed so excuse the empty varriables etc. Error error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "void * __cdecl OpenOneDevice(void *,struct _SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA *,char *)" (?OpenOneDevice@@YAPAXPAXPAU_SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA@@PAD@Z) referenced in function _wmain c:\Users\K\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\test2\test2\test2.obj test2 #include "stdafx.h" #include <windows.h> #include <setupapi.h> SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA deviceInfoData; HDEVINFO hwDeviceInfo; HANDLE hOut; char *devName; // HANDLE OpenOneDevice(IN HDEVINFO hwDeviceInfo,IN PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA DeviceInfoData,IN char *devName); // HANDLE OpenOneDevice(IN HDEVINFO HardwareDeviceInfo,IN PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA DeviceInfoData,IN char *devName) { PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA functionClassDeviceData = NULL; ULONG predictedLength = 0, requiredLength = 0; HANDLE hOut = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE; SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(HardwareDeviceInfo, DeviceInfoData, NULL, 0, &requiredLength, NULL); predictedLength = requiredLength; functionClassDeviceData = (PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA)malloc(predictedLength); if(NULL == functionClassDeviceData) { return hOut; } functionClassDeviceData->cbSize = sizeof (SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA); if (!SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(HardwareDeviceInfo, DeviceInfoData, functionClassDeviceData, predictedLength, &requiredLength, NULL)) { free( functionClassDeviceData ); return hOut; } //strcpy(devName,functionClassDeviceData->DevicePath) ; hOut = CreateFile(functionClassDeviceData->DevicePath, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL); free(functionClassDeviceData); return hOut; } // int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { hOut = OpenOneDevice (hwDeviceInfo, &deviceInfoData, devName); if(hOut != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { // error report } return 0; } Been driving me mad for hours. Any help appreciated. SOLVED THANKS TO CHRIS :-) Add #pragma comment (lib, "Setupapi.lib") Thanks

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  • Pointing class property to another class with vectors

    - by jmclem
    I've got a simple class, and another class that has a property that points to the first class: #include <iostream> #include <vector> using namespace std; class first{ public: int var1; }; class second{ public: first* classvar; }; Then, i've got a void that's supposed to point "classvar" to the intended iteration of the class "first". void fill(vector<second>& sec, vector<first>& fir){ sec[0].classvar = &fir[0]; } Finally the main(). Create and fill a vector of class "first", create "second" vector, and run the fill function. int main(){ vector<first> a(1); a[0].var1 = 1000; vector<second> b(1); fill(b, a); cout << b[0].classvar.var1 << '\n'; system("PAUSE"); return 0; } This gives me the following error: 1>c:\...\main.cpp(29) : error C2228: left of '.var1' must have class/struct/union 1> type is 'first *' And I can't figure out why it reads the "classvar" as the whole vector instead of just the single instance. Should I do this cout << b[0].classvar[0].var1 << '\n'; it reads perfectly. Can anyone figure out the problem? Thanks in advance

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  • how to use iterator in c++?

    - by tsubasa
    I'm trying to calculate distance between 2 points. The 2 points I stored in a vector in c++: (0,0) and (1,1). I'm supposed to get results as 0 1.4 1.4 0 but the actual result that I got is 0 1 -1 0 I think there's something wrong with the way I use iterator in vector. Could somebody help? I posted the code below. typedef struct point { float x; float y; } point; float distance(point *p1, point *p2) { return sqrt((p1->x - p2->x)*(p1->x - p2->x) + (p1->y - p2->y)*(p1->y - p2->y)); } int main() { vector <point> po; point p1; p1.x=0; p1.y=0; point p2; p2.x=1; p2.y=1; po.push_back(p1); po.push_back(p2); vector <point>::iterator ii; vector <point>::iterator jj; for (ii=po.begin(); ii!=po.end(); ii++) { for (jj=po.begin(); jj!=po.end(); jj++) { cout<<distance(ii,jj)<<" "; } } return 0; }

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  • Getting ellipses function parameters without an initial argument

    - by Tox1k
    So I've been making a custom parser for a scripting language, and I wanted to be able to pass only ellipses arguments. I don't need or want an initial variable, however Microsoft and C seem to want something else. FYI, see bottom for info. I've looked at the va_* definitions #define _crt_va_start(ap,v) ( ap = (va_list)_ADDRESSOF(v) + _INTSIZEOF(v) ) #define _crt_va_arg(ap,t) ( *(t *)((ap += _INTSIZEOF(t)) - _INTSIZEOF(t)) ) #define _crt_va_end(ap) ( ap = (va_list)0 ) and the part I don't want is the v in va_start. As a little background I'm competent in goasm and I know how the stack works so I know what's happening here. I was wondering if there is a way to get the function stack base without having to use inline assembly. Ideas I've had: #define im_va_start(ap) (__asm { mov [ap], ebp }) and etc... but really I feel like that's messy and I'm doing it wrong. struct function_table { const char* fname; (void)(*fptr)(...); unsigned char maxArgs; }; function_table mytable[] = { { "MessageBox", &tMessageBoxA, 4 } }; ... some function that sorts through a const char* passed to it to find the matching function in mytable and calls tMessageBoxA with the params. Also, the maxArgs argument is just so I can check that a valid number of parameters is being sent. I have personal reasons for not wanting to send it in the function, but in the meantime we can just say it's because I'm curious. This is just an example; custom libraries are what I would be implementing so it wouldn't just be calling WinAPI stuff. void tMessageBoxA(...) { // stuff to load args passed MessageBoxA(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4); } I'm using the __cdecl calling convention and I've looked up ways to reliably get a pointer to the base of the stack (not the top) but I can't seem to find any. Also, I'm not worried about function security or typechecking.

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  • ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code sscanf

    - by Need4Sleep
    I'm getting a strange error attempting to compile my unit test code,. For some reason the compiler treats my sscanf call as a mixed declaration? I don't quite understand, here is the entire error: cc1: warnings being treated as errors /home/brlcad/brlcad/src/libbn/tests/bn_complex.c: In function 'main': /home/brlcad/brlcad/src/libbn/tests/bn_complex.c:53: error: ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code make[2]: *** [src/libbn/tests/CMakeFiles/tester_bn_complex.dir/bn_complex.c.o] Error 1 make[1]: *** [src/libbn/tests/CMakeFiles/tester_bn_complex.dir/all] Error 2 make: *** [all] Error 2 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { double expRe1, expIm2, expSqRe1, expSqIm2; double actRe1, actIm2, actSqRe1, actSqIm2; actRe1 = actIm2 = actSqRe1 = actSqIm2 = expRe1 = expIm2 = expSqRe1 = expSqIm2 = 0.0; bn_complex_t com1,com2; //a struct that holds two doubles if(argc < 5) bu_exit(1, "ERROR: Invalid parameters[%s]\n", argv[0]); sscanf(argv[1], "%lf,%lf", &com1.re, &com1.im); /* Error is HERE */ sscanf(argv[2], "%lf,%lf", &com2.re, &com2.im); sscanf(argv[3], "%lf,%lf", &expRe1, &expIm2); sscanf(argv[4], "%lf,%lf", &expSqRe1, &expSqIm2); test_div(com1, com2, &actRe1, &actIm2); test_sqrt(com1,com2, &actSqRe1, &actSqIm2); if((fabs(actRe1 - expRe1) < 0.00001) || (fabs(actIm2 - expIm2) < 0.00001)){ printf("Division failed...\n"); return 1; } if((fabs(actSqRe1 - expSqRe1) < 0.00001) || (fabs(actSqIm2 - expSqIm2) < 0.00001)){ printf("Square roots failed...\n"); return 1; } return 0; }

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  • Regarding the ViewModel

    - by mizipzor
    Im struggling to understand the ViewModel part of the MVVM pattern. My current approach is to have a class, with no logic whatsoever (important), except that it implements INotifyPropertyChanged. The class is just a collection of properties, a struct if you like, describing an as small part of the data as possible. I consider this my Model. Most of the WPF code I write are settings dialogs that configure said Model. The code-behind of the dialog exposes a property which returns an instance of the Model. In the XAML code I bind to subproperties of that property, thereby binding directly to the Model's properties. Which works quite well since it implements the INotifyPropertyChanged. I consider this settings dialog the View. However, I havent really been able to figure out what in all this is the ViewModel. The articles Ive read suggests that the ViewModel should tie the View and the Model together, providing the logic the Model lacks but is still to complex to go directly into the View. Is this correct? Would, in my example, the code-behind of the settings dialog be considered the ViewModel? I just feel a bit lost and would like my peers to debunk some of my assumptions. Am I completely off track here?

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  • How to access variables in shared memory

    - by user1723361
    I am trying to create a shared memory segment containing three integers and an array. The segment is created and a pointer is attached, but when I try to access the values of the variables (whether changing, printing, etc.) I get a segmentation fault. Here is the code I tried: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <errno.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/ipc.h> #include <sys/sem.h> #define SIZE 10 int* shm_front; int* shm_end; int* shm_count; int* shm_array; int shm_size = 3*sizeof(int) + sizeof(shm_array[SIZE]); int main(int argc, char* argsv[]) { int shmid; //create shared memory segment if((shmid = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE, shm_size, 0644)) == -1) { printf("error in shmget"); exit(1); } //obtain the pointer to the segment if((shm_front = (int*)shmat(shmid, (void *)0, 0)) == (void *)-1) { printf("error in shmat"); exit(1); } //move down the segment to set the other pointers shm_end = shm_front + 1; shm_count = shm_front + 2; shm_array = shm_front + 3; //tests on shm //*shm_end = 10; //gives segmentation fault //printf("\n%d", *shm_front); //gives segmentation fault //clean-up //get rid of shared memory shmdt(shm_front); shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL); //printf("\n\n"); return 0; } I tried accessing the shared memory by dereferencing the pointer to the struct, but got a segmentation fault each time.

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  • Is std::move really needed on initialization list of constructor for heavy members passed by value?

    - by PiotrNycz
    Recently I read an example from cppreference.../vector/emplace_back: struct President { std::string name; std::string country; int year; President(std::string p_name, std::string p_country, int p_year) : name(std::move(p_name)), country(std::move(p_country)), year(p_year) { std::cout << "I am being constructed.\n"; } My question: is this std::move really needed? My point is that compiler sees that this p_name is not used in the body of constructor, so, maybe, there is some rule to use move semantics for it by default? That would be really annoying to add std::move on initialization list to every heavy member (like std::string, std::vector). Imagine hundreds of KLOC project written in C++03 - shall we add everywhere this std::move? This question: move-constructor-and-initialization-list answer says: As a golden rule, whenever you take something by rvalue reference, you need to use it inside std::move, and whenever you take something by universal reference (i.e. deduced templated type with &&), you need to use it inside std::forward But I am not sure: passing by value is rather not universal reference?

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  • How to return array of C++ objects from a PHP extension

    - by John Factorial
    I need to have my PHP extension return an array of objects, but I can't seem to figure out how to do this. I have a Graph object written in C++. Graph.getNodes() returns a std::map<int, Node*>. Here's the code I have currently: struct node_object { zend_object std; Node *node; }; zend_class_entry *node_ce; then PHP_METHOD(Graph, getNodes) { Graph *graph; GET_GRAPH(graph, obj) // a macro I wrote to populate graph node_object* n; zval* node_zval; if (obj == NULL) { RETURN_NULL(); } if (object_init_ex(node_zval, node_ce) != SUCCESS) { RETURN_NULL(); } std::map nodes = graph-getNodes(); array_init(return_value); for (std::map::iterator i = nodes.begin(); i != nodes.end(); ++i) { php_printf("X"); n = (node_object*) zend_object_store_get_object(node_zval TSRMLS_CC); n-node = i-second; add_index_zval(return_value, i-first, node_zval); } php_printf("]"); } When i run php -r '$g = new Graph(); $g->getNodes();' I get the output XX]Segmentation fault meaning the getNodes() function loops successfully through my 2-node list, returns, then segfaults. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Difference in behaviour (GCC and Visual C++)

    - by Prasoon Saurav
    Consider the following code. #include <stdio.h> #include <vector> #include <iostream> struct XYZ { int X,Y,Z; }; std::vector<XYZ> A; int rec(int idx) { int i = A.size(); A.push_back(XYZ()); if (idx >= 5) return i; A[i].X = rec(idx+1); return i; } int main(){ A.clear(); rec(0); puts("FINISH!"); } I couldn't figure out the reason why the code gives a segmentation fault on Linux (IDE used: Code::Blocks) whereas on Windows (IDE used: Visual C++) it doesn't. When I used Valgrind just to check what actually the problem was, I got this output. I got Invalid write of size 4 at four different places. Then why didn't the code crash when I used Visual C++? Am I missing something?

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  • Self referencing userdata and garbage collection

    - by drtwox
    Because my userdata objects reference themselves, I need to delete and nil a variable for the garbage collector to work. Lua code: obj = object:new() -- -- Some time later obj:delete() -- Removes the self reference obj = nil -- Ready for collection C Code: typedef struct { int self; // Reference to the object // Other members and function references removed } Object; // Called from Lua to create a new object static int object_new( lua_State *L ) { Object *obj = lua_newuserdata( L, sizeof( Object ) ); // Create the 'self' reference, userdata is on the stack top obj->self = luaL_ref( L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX ); // Put the userdata back on the stack before returning lua_rawgeti( L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, obj->self ); // The object pointer is also stored outside of Lua for processing in C return 1; } // Called by Lua to delete an object static int object_delete( lua_State *L ) { Object *obj = lua_touserdata( L, 1 ); // Remove the objects self reference luaL_unref( L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, obj->self ); return 0; } Is there some way I can set the object to nil in Lua, and have the delete() method called automatically? Alternatively, can the delete method nil all variables that reference the object? Can the self reference be made 'weak'?

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  • STL vectors with uninitialized storage?

    - by Jim Hunziker
    I'm writing an inner loop that needs to place structs in contiguous storage. I don't know how many of these structs there will be ahead of time. My problem is that STL's vector initializes its values to 0, so no matter what I do, I incur the cost of the initialization plus the cost of setting the struct's members to their values. Is there any way to prevent the initialization, or is there an STL-like container out there with resizeable contiguous storage and uninitialized elements? (I'm certain that this part of the code needs to be optimized, and I'm certain that the initialization is a significant cost.) Also, see my comments below for a clarification about when the initialization occurs. SOME CODE: void GetsCalledALot(int* data1, int* data2, int count) { int mvSize = memberVector.size() memberVector.resize(mvSize + count); // causes 0-initialization for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) { memberVector[mvSize + i].d1 = data1[i]; memberVector[mvSize + i].d2 = data2[i]; } }

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