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• Synchronise graphics and logic code

  - by Skeith

  I have a procedural approach to the game loop that runs various classes. it looks like this: continue any in progress animations check for used input apply AI move things resolve events such as collisions draw it all to screen I have seen a lot of posts about how drawing should be running separately as fast as it can, possibly in another thread. My problem is that if the drawing runs as fast as it, can what happens if it tried to draw while I'm still applying the AI or resolving a collision? It could draw the wrong thing on screen. This seems to be a well established idea so there must be an explanation to this problem as I just cant get my head around it. The only solution I have is to update the screen so fast that any errors like that get refreshed before we see them but that sounds hacky. So how does this work / how would you implement it so that they are in sync but running at different speeds?

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• Seperation of drawing and logic in games

  - by BFree

  I'm a developer that's just now starting to mess around with game development. I'm a .Net guy, so I've messed with XNA and am now playing around with Cocos2d for the iPhone. My question really is more general though. Let's say I'm building a simple Pong game. I'd have a Ball class and a Paddle class. Coming from the business world development, my first instinct is to not have any drawing or input handling code in either of these classes. //pseudo code class Ball { Vector2D position; Vector2D velocity; Color color; void Move(){} } Nothing in the ball class handles input, or deals with drawing. I'd then have another class, my Game class, or my Scene.m (in Cocos2D) which would new up the Ball, and during the game loop, it would manipulate the ball as needed. The thing is though, in many tutorials for both XNA and Cocos2D, I see a pattern like this: //pseudo code class Ball : SomeUpdatableComponent { Vector2D position; Vector2D velocity; Color color; void Update(){} void Draw(){} void HandleInput(){} } My question is, is this right? Is this the pattern that people use in game development? It somehow goes against everything I'm used to, to have my Ball class do everything. Furthermore, in this second example, where my Ball knows how to move around, how would I handle collision detection with the Paddle? Would the Ball need to have knowledge of the Paddle? In my first example, the Game class would have references to both the Ball and the Paddle, and then ship both of those off to some CollisionDetection manager or something, but how do I deal with the complexity of various components, if each individual component does everything themselves? (I hope I'm making sense.....)

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• design an extendible and pluggable business logic flow handler in php

  - by Broncha

  I am working on a project where I need to allow a pluggable way to inject business processes in the normal data flow. eg There is an ordering system. The standard flow of the application is A consumer orders an item. Pays for it and card is authorized. Admin captures the payment. Order is marked as complete and item is shipped. But this process may vary (extra steps in between) for different clients. Say a client would need to validate the location of the consumer before he is presented with a credit card form, OR his policies might require some other processes in between. I am thinking of using State Pattern for processing orders, saving the current state of the order in database, and initializing the state of order from the saved state. I would also need some mechanism, where a small plugin would be able to inject business specific states in the state machine. Am I thinking the right way? Are there already implemented patterns for this kind of situation? I am working with Codeigniter and basically this would mean for me, to redirect to proper controller according to the current state of the order. Like, if the state of the order is unconfirmed then redirect the user to details page and then change the state to pending. If some client would need to do some validation, then register an intermediate state between unconfirmed and pending Please suggest.

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• Chapter 5: From 2005 to 2010: Business Logic and Data

  After reading this chapter, you will be able to Use the Entity Framework (EF) to build a data access layer using an existing database or with the Model-First approach .Generate entity types from the Entity Data Model (EDM) Designer using the ADO.NET Entity Framework POCO templates. Get data from Web services Learn about data caching using the Microsoft Windows Server AppFabric (formerly known by the codename “Velocity”)

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• XNA Load/Unload logic (contentmanager?)

  - by Rhinan

  I am trying to make a point-and-click adventure game with XNA, starting off simple. My experience with XNA is about a month old now, know how the classes and inheritance works (basic stuff). I have a problem where I cannot understand how I should load and unload the textures and game objects in the game, when the player transitions to another level. I've googled this 10 times, but all I find is hard coding while I don't even understand the basics of unloading yet. All I want, is transitioning to another level (replacing all the sprites with new ones). Thanks in advance

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• How to solve programming problems using logic? [closed]

  - by md nth

  I know these principles: Define the constrains and operations,eg constrains are the rules that you cant pass and what you want determined by the end goal, operations are actions you can do, "choices" . Buy some time by solving easy and solvable piece. Halving the difficulty by dividing the project into small goals and blocks. The more blocks you create the more hinges you have. Analogies which means : using other code blocks, yours or from other programmers . which has problem similar to the current problem. Experiments not guessing by writing "predicted end" code, in other word creating a hypothesis, about what will happen if you do this or that. Use your tools first, don't begin with a unknown code first. By making small goals you ll not get frustrated. Start from smallest problem. Are there other principles?

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• How to implement turn-based game engine?

  - by Dvole

  Let's imagine game like Heroes of Might and Magic, or Master of Orion, or your turn-based game of choice. What is the game logic behind making next turn? Are there any materials or books to read about the topic? To be specific, let's imagine game loop: void eventsHandler(); //something that responds to input void gameLogic(); //something that decides whats going to be output on the screen void render(); //this function outputs stuff on screen All those are getting called say 60 times a second. But how turn-based enters here? I might imagine that in gameLogic() there is a function like endTurn() that happens when a player clicks that button, but how do I handle it all? Need insights.

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• How does an Engine like Source process entities?

  - by Júlio Souza

  [background information] On the Source engine (and it's antecessor, goldsrc, quake's) the game objects are divided on two types, world and entities. The world is the map geometry and the entities are players, particles, sounds, scores, etc (for the Source Engine). Every entity has a think function, which do all the logic for that entity. So, if everything that needs to be processed comes from a base class with the think function, the game engine could store everything on a list and, on every frame, loop through it and call that function. On a first look, this idea is reasonable, but it can take too much resources, if the game has a lot of entities.. [end of background information] So, how does a engine like Source take care (process, update, draw, etc) of the game objects?

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• Tomorrow's web development: What's the bearing?

  - by pex

  I just read a wonderful article about headaches web developers have to live with nowadays. Several questions from that article busied me for some time as well. Now I am wondering whether I missed something, whether there are approaches other than Sproutcore or Cappucino to combine the eternal detached worlds of backend and frontend. How to only write validations once? How to collect business logic in only one model? Are we heading toward a combination of CouchDB Views, NodeJS and minimalistic client-side scripts including plenty of XHR requests? Or shall we follow the direction of handling everything except the database on client side? Is everything about JavaScript? I simply ask for approaches of setting up the next web application, for best practices and promising new technologies and frameworks.

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• How do I implement input and movement with characters that get into vehicles?

  - by Xkynar

  I'm making a game similar to GTA2. When the player enters the vehicle, what happens in terms of logic? Does the player becomes the vehicle? Does the vehicle override the player movement? The main question is how should it look at a vehicle? I want to understand if the player becomes the car or if the player has a "motion state" like "driving, walking, flying" depending on what he is doing in a moment, I know there are tons of ways to implement vehicles in a game.

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• Why is Prolog associated with Natural Language Processing?

  - by kyphos

  I have recently started learning about NLP with python, and NLP seems to be based mostly on statistics/machine-learning. What does a logic programming language bring to the table with respect to NLP? Is the declarative nature of prolog used to define grammars? Is it used to define associations between words? That is, somehow mine logical relationships between words (this I imagine would be pretty hard to do)? Any examples of what prolog uniquely brings to NLP would be highly appreciated.

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• update(100) behaves slightly different than 10 times update(10) - is that a problem? [on hold]

  - by futlib

  While looking into some test failures, I've identified an curious issue with my update logic. This: game.update(100); Behaves slightly different from: for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) game.update(10); The concrete example here is a rotating entity. It rotates by exactly 360 degrees in the first case, but only by about 352 in the second. This leads to slight variations in how things move, depending on the frame rate. Not enough to be noticeable in practice, but I did notice it when writing tests. Now my question is: Should this be fully deterministic, i.e. the outcome of update(1) * n should equal update(n) exactly? Or is it normal to have some variance and I should make my test assertions more generous?

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• Conditions with common logic: question of style, readability, efficiency, ...

  - by cdonner

  I have conditional logic that requires pre-processing that is common to each of the conditions (instantiating objects, database lookups etc). I can think of 3 possible ways to do this, but each has a flaw: Option 1 if A prepare processing do A logic else if B prepare processing do B logic else if C prepare processing do C logic // else do nothing end The flaw with option 1 is that the expensive code is redundant. Option 2 prepare processing // not necessary unless A, B, or C if A do A logic else if B do B logic else if C do C logic // else do nothing end The flaw with option 2 is that the expensive code runs even when neither A, B or C is true Option 3 if (A, B, or C) prepare processing end if A do A logic else if B do B logic else if C do C logic end The flaw with option 3 is that the conditions for A, B, C are being evaluated twice. The evaluation is also costly. Now that I think about it, there is a variant of option 3 that I call option 4: Option 4 if (A, B, or C) prepare processing if A set D else if B set E else if C set F end end if D do A logic else if E do B logic else if F do C logic end While this does address the costly evaluations of A, B, and C, it makes the whole thing more ugly and I don't like it. How would you rank the options, and are there any others that I am not seeing?

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• SDL_image/C++ OpenGL Program: IMG_Load() produces fuzzy images

  - by Kami

  I'm trying to load an image file and use it as a texture for a cube. I'm using SDL_image to do that. I used this image because I've found it in various file formats (tga, tif, jpg, png, bmp) The code : SDL_Surface * texture; //load an image to an SDL surface (i.e. a buffer) texture = IMG_Load("/Users/Foo/Code/xcode/test/lena.bmp"); if(texture == NULL){ printf("bad image\n"); exit(1); } //create an OpenGL texture object glGenTextures(1, &textureObjOpenGLlogo); //select the texture object you need glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureObjOpenGLlogo); //define the parameters of that texture object //how the texture should wrap in s direction glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT); //how the texture should wrap in t direction glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT); //how the texture lookup should be interpolated when the face is smaller than the texture glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); //how the texture lookup should be interpolated when the face is bigger than the texture glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); //send the texture image to the graphic card glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, texture->w, texture->h, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, texture-> pixels); //clean the SDL surface SDL_FreeSurface(texture); The code compiles without errors or warnings ! I've tired all the files formats but this always produces that ugly result : I'm using : SDL_image 1.2.9 & SDL 1.2.14 with XCode 3.2 under 10.6.2 Does anyone knows how to fix this ?

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• Fuzzy Regex, Text Processing, Lexical Analysis?

  - by justinzane

  I'm not quite sure what terminology to search for, so my title is funky... Here is the workflow I've got: Semi-structured documents are scanned to file. The files are OCR'd to text. The text is parsed into Python objects The objects are serialized (to SQL, JSON, whatever) for use. The documents are structures like this: HEADER blah blah, Page ### blah Garbage text... 1. Question Text... continued until now. A. Choice text... adsadsf. B. Another Choice... 2. Another Question... I need to extract the questions and choices. The problem is that, because the text is OCR output, there are occasional strange substitutions like '2' - 'Z' which makes ordinary regular expressions useless. I've tried the Levenshtein module and it helps, but it requires prior knowledge of what edit distance is to be expected. I don't know whether I'm looking to create a parser? a lexer? something else? This has lead me down all kinds of interesting but nonrelevant paths. Guidance would be greatly appreciated. Oh, also, the text is generally from specific technical domains, so general spelling tools are not so helpful. Regarding the structure of the documents, there is no clear visual pattern -- like line breaks or indentation -- with the exception of the fact that "questions" usually begin a line. Crap on the document can cause characters to appear before the actual beginning of the line, which means that something along the lines of r'^[0-9]+' does not reliably work. Though the "questions" always begin with an int, a period and a space; the OCR can substitute other characters or skip characters. This is not so much a problem with Tesseract or Cunieform, rather with the poor quality of the paper documents. # Note: for the project in question, it was decided that having a human prep the OCR'd text was better that spending the time coding a solution. I'd still love good pointers, however.

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• What is the best way to handle this type of inclusive logic in Ruby?

  - by Steve McLelland

  Is there a better way of handling this in Ruby, while continuing to use the symbols? pos = :pos1 # can be :pos2, :pos3, etc. if pos == :pos1 || pos == :pos2 || pos == :pos3 puts 'a' end if pos == :pos1 || pos == :pos2 puts 'b' end if pos == :pos1 puts 'c' end The obvious way would be swapping out the symbols for number constants, but that's not an option. pos = 3 if pos >= 1 puts 'a' end if pos >= 2 puts 'b' end if pos >= 3 puts 'c' end Thanks.

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• fuzzy DISTINCT Values

  - by user982853

  I have a database of real estate listings and need to return a list of neighborhoods. Right now I am using mysql DISTINCT which returns all of the distinct values. My probelm is that there is a lot of neighborhoods that have similar names: example: Park View Sub 1 Park View Park View Sub 2 Park View Sub 3 Great Lake Sub 1 Great Lake Sub 2 Great Lake Great Lake Sub 3 I am looking for an easy php or mysql solution that would recognize that "Park View" and "Great Lake" already exists and ONLY return "Park View" and "Great Lake". My initial thought is to some how get the sort order by length so that the short values are at the top and then loop through using strstr. This sound like a large task I am wondering if there is a function either in mysql or php that would easily do this.

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• algorithm q: Fuzzy matching of structured data

  - by user86432

  I have a fairly small corpus of structured records sitting in a database. Given a tiny fraction of the information contained in a single record, submitted via a web form (so structured in the same way as the table schema), (let us call it the test record) I need to quickly draw up a list of the records that are the most likely matches for the test record, as well as provide a confidence estimate of how closely the search terms match a record. The primary purpose of this search is to discover whether someone is attempting to input a record that is duplicate to one in the corpus. There is a reasonable chance that the test record will be a dupe, and a reasonable chance the test record will not be a dupe. The records are about 12000 bytes wide and the total count of records is about 150,000. There are 110 columns in the table schema and 95% of searches will be on the top 5% most commonly searched columns. The data is stuff like names, addresses, telephone numbers, and other industry specific numbers. In both the corpus and the test record it is entered by hand and is semistructured within an individual field. You might at first blush say "weight the columns by hand and match word tokens within them", but it's not so easy. I thought so too: if I get a telephone number I thought that would indicate a perfect match. The problem is that there isn't a single field in the form whose token frequency does not vary by orders of magnitude. A telephone number might appear 100 times in the corpus or 1 time in the corpus. The same goes for any other field. This makes weighting at the field level impractical. I need a more fine-grained approach to get decent matching. My initial plan was to create a hash of hashes, top level being the fieldname. Then I would select all of the information from the corpus for a given field, attempt to clean up the data contained in it, and tokenize the sanitized data, hashing the tokens at the second level, with the tokens as keys and frequency as value. I would use the frequency count as a weight: the higher the frequency of a token in the reference corpus, the less weight I attach to that token if it is found in the test record. My first question is for the statisticians in the room: how would I use the frequency as a weight? Is there a precise mathematical relationship between n, the number of records, f(t), the frequency with which a token t appeared in the corpus, the probability o that a record is an original and not a duplicate, and the probability p that the test record is really a record x given the test and x contain the same t in the same field? How about the relationship for multiple token matches across multiple fields? Since I sincerely doubt that there is, is there anything that gets me close but is better than a completely arbitrary hack full of magic factors? Barring that, has anyone got a way to do this? I'm especially keen on other suggestions that do not involve maintaining another table in the database, such as a token frequency lookup table :). This is my first post on StackOverflow, thanks in advance for any replies you may see fit to give.

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• Where do I put the logic of my MFC program?

  - by Matthew

  I created an application core, in C++, that I've compiled into a static library in Visual Studio. I am now at the process of writing a GUI for it. I am using MFC to do this. I figured out how to map button presses to execute certain methods of my application core's main class (i.e. buttons to have it start and stop). The core class however, should always be sampling data from an external source every second or two. The GUI should then populate some fields after each sample is taken. I can't seem to find a spot in my MFC objects like CDialog that I can constantly check to see if my class has grabbed the data.. then if it has put that data into some of the text boxes. A friend suggested that I create a thread on the OnInit() routine that would take care of this, but that solution isn't really working for me. Is there no spot where I can put an if statement that keeps being called until the program quits? i.e. if( coreapp.dataSampleReady() ) { // put coreapp.dataItem1() in TextBox1 // set progress bar to coreapp.dataItem2() // etc. // reset dataSampleReady }

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• Resolving Assemblies, the fuzzy way

  - by David Rutten

  Here's the setup: A pure DotNET class library is loaded by an unmanaged desktop application. The Class Library acts as a plugin. This plugin loads little baby plugins of its own (all DotNET Class Libraries), and it does so by reading the dll into memory as a byte-stream, then Assembly asm = Assembly.Load(COFF_Image); The problem arises when those little baby plugins have references to other dlls. Since they are loaded via the memory rather than directly from the disk, the framework often cannot find these referenced assemblies and is thus incapable of loading them. I can add an AssemblyResolver handler to my project and I can see these referenced assemblies drop past. I have a reasonably good idea about where to find these referenced assemblies on the disk, but how can I make sure that the Assmebly I load is the correct one? In short, how do I reliably go from the System.ResolveEventArgs.Name field to a dll file path, presuming I have a list of all the folders where this dll could be hiding)?

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• One page of responsive site is blurry/fuzzy on iphone

  - by Gwendydd

  Here's a weird one. I'm developing a responsive site here: http://74.209.178.54:3000/index.html There are three pages built so far: the home page, the "Why" page, and the "Pricing" page. The Home and Why pages are just fine on my iPhone 4. The "Pricing" page is really blurry. And I don't just mean the images are blurry - absolutely everything is blurry: text, borders, backgrounds... Has anyone seen this before? Do you know what's happening?

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• Create a model that switches between two different states using Temporal Logic?

  - by NLed

  Im trying to design a model that can manage different requests for different water sources. Platform : MAC OSX, using latest Python with TuLip module installed. For example, Definitions : Two water sources : w1 and w2 3 different requests : r1,r2,and r3 - Specifications : Water 1 (w1) is preferred, but w2 will be used if w1 unavailable. Water 2 is only used if w1 is depleted. r1 has the maximum priority. If all entities request simultaneously, r1's supply must not fall below 50%. - The water sources are not discrete but rather continuous, this will increase the difficulty of creating the model. I can do a crude discretization for the water levels but I prefer finding a model for the continuous state first. So how do I start doing that ? Some of my thoughts : Create a matrix W where w1,w2 ? W Create a matrix R where r1,r2,r3 ? R or leave all variables singular without putting them in a matrix I'm not an expert in coding so that's why I need help. Not sure what is the best way to start tackling this problem. I am only interested in the model, or a code sample of how can this be put together. edit Now imagine I do a crude discretization of the water sources to have w1=[0...4] and w2=[0...4] for 0, 25, 50, 75,100 percent respectively. == means implies Usage of water sources : if w1[0]==w2[4] -- meaning if water source 1 has 0%, then use 100% of water source 2 etc if w1[1]==w2[3] if w1[2]==w2[2] if w1[3]==w2[1] if w1[4]==w2[0] r1=r2=r3=[0,1] -- 0 means request OFF and 1 means request ON Now what model can be designed that will give each request 100% water depending on the values of w1 and w2 (w1 and w2 values are uncontrollable so cannot define specific value, but 0...4 is used for simplicity )

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• Learning Java and logic using debugger. Did I cheat?

  - by centr0

  After a break from coding in general, my way of thinking logically faded (as if it was there to begin with...). I'm no master programmer. Intermediate at best. I decided to see if i can write an algorithm to print out the fibonacci sequence in Java. I got really frustrated because it was something so simple, and used the debugger to see what was going on with my variables. solved it in less than a minute with the help of the debugger. Is this cheating? When I read code either from a book or someone else's, I now find that it takes me a little more time to understand. If the alghorithm is complex (to me) i end up writing notes as to whats going on in the loop. A primitive debugger if you will. When you other programmers read code, do you also need to write things down as to whats the code doing? Or are you a genius and and just retain it?

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• How much system and business analysis should a programmer be reasonably expected to do?

  - by Rahul

  In most places I have worked for, there were no formal System or Business Analysts and the programmers were expected to perform both the roles. One had to understand all the subsystems and their interdependencies inside out. Further, one was also supposed to have a thorough knowledge of the business logic of the applications and interact directly with the users to gather requirements, answer their queries etc. In my current job, for ex, I spend about 70% time doing system analysis and only 30% time programming. I consider myself a good programmer but struggle with developing a good understanding of the business rules of a complex application. Often, this creates a handicap because while I can write efficient algorithms and thread-safe code, I lose out to guys who may be average programmers but have a much better understanding of the business processes. So I want to know - How much business and systems knowledge should a programmer have ? - How does one go about getting this knowledge in an immensely complex software system (e.g. trading applications) with several interdependent business processes but poorly documented business rules.

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• Limiting game loop to exactly 60 tics per second (Android / Java)

  - by user22241

  So I'm having terrible problems with stuttering sprites. My rendering and logic takes less than a game tic (16.6667ms) However, although my game loop runs most of the time at 60 ticks per second, it sometimes goes up to 61 - when this happens, the sprites stutter. Currently, my variables used are: //Game updates per second final int ticksPerSecond = 60; //Amount of time each update should take final int skipTicks = (1000 / ticksPerSecond); This is my current game loop @Override public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub //This method will run continuously //You should call both 'render' and 'update' methods from here //Set curTime initial value if '0' //Set/Re-set loop back to 0 to start counting again loops=0; while(System.currentTimeMillis() > nextGameTick && loops < maxFrameskip){ SceneManager.getInstance().getCurrentScene().updateLogic(); //Time correction to compensate for the missing .6667ms when using int values nextGameTick+=skipTicks; timeCorrection += (1000d/ticksPerSecond) % 1; nextGameTick+=timeCorrection; timeCorrection %=1; //Increase loops loops++; } render(); } I realise that my skipTicks is an int and therefore will come out as 16 rather that 16.6667 However, I tried changing it (and ticksPerSecond) to Longs but got the same problem). I also tried to change the timer used to Nanotime and skiptics to 1000000000/ticksPerSecond, but everything just ran at about 300 ticks per seconds. All I'm attempting to do is to limit my game loop to 60 - what is the best way to guarantee that my game updates never happen at more than 60 times a second? Please note, I do realise that very very old devices might not be able to handle 60 although I really don't expect this to happen - I've tested it on the lowest device I have and it easily achieves 60 tics. So I'm not worried about a device not being able to handle the 60 ticks per second, but rather need to limit it - any help would be appreciated.

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