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• image processing problem

  - by riyana

  i'm working on detecting shape of any object.i've a binary image where background is white pixels and foreground/object is black pixel. now i need to detect the shape of the area where there are black pixels.how can i do it?the shape may be of a man/car/box etc. plz help

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• Access specifier's and classes and objects?

  - by TimothyTech

  Alright, im trying to understand this, so a class is simply creating a template for an object. class Bow { int arrows; }; and an object is simply creating a specific item using the class template. Bow::Bow(arrows) { arrows = 20; } also another question, public specifiers are used to make data members avaible in objects and private specifiers are used to make data memebers only avaialble inside the class?

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• is a factory pattern to prevent multuple instances for same object (instance that is Equal) good design?

  - by dsollen

  I have a number of objects storing state. There are essentially two types of fields. The ones that uniquly define what the object is (what node, what edge etc), and the oens that store state describing how these things are connected (this node is connected to these edges, this edge is part of these paths) etc. My model is updating the state variables using package methdos, so these objects all act as immutable to anyone not in Model scope. All Objects extend one base type. I've toyed with the idea of a Factory approch which accepts a Builder object and construct the applicable object. However, if an instance of the object already exists (ie would return true if I created the object defined by the builder and passed it to the equal method for the existing instance) the factory returns the current object instead of creating a new instance. Because the Equal method would only compare what uniquly defines the type of object (this is node A nto node B) but won't check the dynamic state stuff (node A is currently connected to nodes C and E) this would be a way of ensuring anyone that wants my Node A automatically knows it's state connections. More importantly it would prevent aliasing nightmares of someone trying to pass an instance of node A with different state then the node A in my model has. I've never heard of this pattern before, and it's a bit odd. I would have to do some overiding of serlization methods to make it work (ensure when I read in a serilized object I add it to my facotry list of known instances, and/or return an existing factory in it's place), as well as using a weakHashMap as if it was a weakHashSet to know rather an instance exists without worrying about a quasi-memory leak occuring. I don't know if this is too confusing or prone to it's own obscure bugs. One thing I know is that plugins interface with lowest level hardware. The plugins have to be able to return state taht is different then my memory; to tell my memory when it's own state is inconsistent. I believe this is possible despit their fetching objects that exist in my memory; we allow building of objects without checking their consistency with the model until the addToModel is called anyways; and the existing plugins design was written before all this extra state existed and worked fine without ever being aware of it. Should I just be using some other design to avoid this crazyness? (I have another question to that affect I'm posting).

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• Is there a factory pattern to prevent multiple instances for same object (instance that is Equal) good design?

  - by dsollen

  I have a number of objects storing state. There are essentially two types of fields. The ones that uniquely define what the object is (what node, what edge etc), and the others that store state describing how these things are connected (this node is connected to these edges, this edge is part of these paths) etc. My model is updating the state variables using package methods, so all these objects act as immutable to anyone not in Model scope. All Objects extend one base type. I've toyed with the idea of a Factory approach which accepts a Builder object and constructs the applicable object. However, if an instance of the object already exists (ie would return true if I created the object defined by the builder and passed it to the equal method for the existing instance) the factory returns the current object instead of creating a new instance. Because the Equal method would only compare what uniquely defines the type of object (this is node A to node B) but won't check the dynamic state stuff (node A is currently connected to nodes C and E) this would be a way of ensuring anyone that wants my Node A automatically knows its state connections. More importantly it would prevent aliasing nightmares of someone trying to pass an instance of node A with different state then the node A in my model has. I've never heard of this pattern before, and it's a bit odd. I would have to do some overriding of serialization methods to make it work (ensure that when I read in a serilized object I add it to my facotry list of known instances, and/or return an existing factory in its place), as well as using a weakHashMap as if it was a weakHashSet to know whether an instance exists without worrying about a quasi-memory leak occuring. I don't know if this is too confusing or prone to its own obscure bugs. One thing I know is that plugins interface with lowest level hardware. The plugins have to be able to return state that is different than my memory; to tell my memory when its own state is inconsistent. I believe this is possible despite their fetching objects that exist in my memory; we allow building of objects without checking their consistency with the model until the addToModel is called anyways; and the existing plugins design was written before all this extra state existed and worked fine without ever being aware of it. Should I just be using some other design to avoid this crazyness? (I have another question to that affect that I'm posting).

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• In dependency injection, is there a simple name for the counterpart of the injected object?

  - by kostja

  In tutorials and books, I have never seen a single word describing the object that the injected object is injected into. Instead, other terms are used, like "injection point" which don't denote the object containing the injected object. And nothing I can think of sounds right, except maybe "injection target" - but I have never read it anywhere. Is there a single word or a simple expression for it, or is it like the "He-Who-Must-Not-Be-Named" from a recent fantasy book series?

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• Plone: Creating new Page fails "AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'dates'"

  - by paskster

  I just installed Plone on my Centos 5.5. I was able login via the admin-account and create new users. But when I try to create a new page I get the following error message: Traceback (innermost last): Module ZPublisher.Publish, line 127, in publish Module ZPublisher.mapply, line 77, in mapply Module ZPublisher.Publish, line 47, in call_object Module Products.CMFPlone.FactoryTool, line 446, in __call__ Module ZPublisher.mapply, line 77, in mapply Module ZPublisher.Publish, line 47, in call_object Module Products.CMFFormController.FSControllerPageTemplate, line 91, in __call__ Module Products.CMFFormController.BaseControllerPageTemplate, line 31, in _call Module Shared.DC.Scripts.Bindings, line 324, in __call__ Module Shared.DC.Scripts.Bindings, line 361, in _bindAndExec Module Products.CMFCore.FSPageTemplate, line 240, in _exec Module Products.CMFCore.FSPageTemplate, line 180, in pt_render Module Products.PageTemplates.PageTemplate, line 80, in pt_render Module zope.pagetemplate.pagetemplate, line 113, in pt_render Warning: Macro expansion failed Warning: <type 'exceptions.KeyError'>: 'macro' Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 271, in __call__ Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 888, in do_useMacro Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 533, in do_optTag_tal Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 518, in do_optTag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 513, in no_tag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 888, in do_useMacro Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 533, in do_optTag_tal Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 518, in do_optTag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 513, in no_tag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 954, in do_defineSlot Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 533, in do_optTag_tal Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 518, in do_optTag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 513, in no_tag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 858, in do_defineMacro Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 954, in do_defineSlot Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 533, in do_optTag_tal Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 518, in do_optTag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 513, in no_tag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 946, in do_defineSlot Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 533, in do_optTag_tal Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 518, in do_optTag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 513, in no_tag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 858, in do_defineMacro Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 533, in do_optTag_tal Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 518, in do_optTag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 513, in no_tag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 888, in do_useMacro Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 852, in do_condition Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 954, in do_defineSlot Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 533, in do_optTag_tal Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 518, in do_optTag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 513, in no_tag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 852, in do_condition Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 533, in do_optTag_tal Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 518, in do_optTag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 513, in no_tag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 821, in do_loop_tal Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 533, in do_optTag_tal Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 518, in do_optTag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 513, in no_tag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 533, in do_optTag_tal Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 522, in do_optTag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 821, in do_loop_tal Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 533, in do_optTag_tal Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 518, in do_optTag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 513, in no_tag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 888, in do_useMacro Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 533, in do_optTag_tal Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 518, in do_optTag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 513, in no_tag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 888, in do_useMacro Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 533, in do_optTag_tal Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 518, in do_optTag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 513, in no_tag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 852, in do_condition Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 533, in do_optTag_tal Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 518, in do_optTag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 513, in no_tag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 852, in do_condition Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 946, in do_defineSlot Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 533, in do_optTag_tal Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 518, in do_optTag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 513, in no_tag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 533, in do_optTag_tal Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 518, in do_optTag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 513, in no_tag Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 888, in do_useMacro Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 343, in interpret Module zope.tal.talinterpreter, line 583, in do_setLocal_tal Module zope.tales.tales, line 696, in evaluate URL: file:/usr/local/Plone/buildout-cache/eggs/Plone-4.0.2-py2.6.egg/Products/CMFPlone/skins/plone_templates/calendar_macros.pt Line 12, Column 4 Expression: <PythonExpr date_components_support_view.result(inputvalue, 0, starting_year, ending_year, future_years)> Names: {'container': <PloneSite at /reeple>, 'context': <ATDocument at /reeple/portal_factory/Document/document.2010-12-24.9331499294 used for /reeple>, 'default': <object object at 0x2ad1b9a18ae0>, 'here': <ATDocument at /reeple/portal_factory/Document/document.2010-12-24.9331499294 used for /reeple>, 'loop': {u'field': <Products.PageTemplates.Expressions.PathIterator object at 0x1bc9b9d0>, u'fieldset': <Products.PageTemplates.Expressions.PathIterator object at 0x1d396c90>}, 'nothing': None, 'options': {'args': (), 'state': <Products.CMFFormController.ControllerState.ControllerState object at 0x1ccdb2d0>}, 'repeat': <Products.PageTemplates.Expressions.SafeMapping object at 0x1d452ec0>, 'request': <HTTPRequest, URL=http://82.165.145.121:8081/reeple/portal_factory/Document/document.2010-12-24.9331499294/atct_edit>, 'root': <Application at >, 'template': <FSControllerPageTemplate at /reeple/atct_edit used for /reeple/portal_factory/Document/document.2010-12-24.9331499294>, 'traverse_subpath': [], 'user': <PloneUser 'pascalklein'>} Module Products.PageTemplates.ZRPythonExpr, line 49, in __call__ __traceback_info__: date_components_support_view.result(inputvalue, 0, starting_year, ending_year, future_years) Module PythonExpr, line 1, in <expression> Module plone.app.form.widgets.datecomponents, line 50, in result AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'dates' Any suggestions? CentOS 5.5 has the Python Version 2.4. So I'm not sure if that causes the issue.

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• intersection curve of 3D mesh object and 2D plane

  - by Terry

  Hi All, I need a computer graphics book that gives the intersection curve of 3D mesh object and 2D plane. Could you advise me a book. Regards Terry

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• Selecting which object to align to in Powerpoint 2007

  - by Ash

  When doing an alignment in Powerpoint 2007 (say, Align Center), is there any way to select which object will be aligned to? It seems to pick one of the objects, but I'm not sure how it decides which one to pick and how to change it. Order of selection and front/back ordering seems to have no effect. Anyone have any ideas?

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• Sorting/Paginating/Filtering Complex Multi-AR Object Tables in Rails

  - by Matt Rogish

  I have a complex table pulled from a multi-ActiveRecord object array. This listing is a combined display of all of a particular user's "favorite" items (songs, messages, blog postings, whatever). Each of these items is a full-fledged AR object. My goal is to present the user with a simplified search, sort, and pagination interface. The user need not know that the Song has a singer, and that the Message has an author -- to the end user both entries in the table will be displayed as "User". Thus, the search box will simply be a dropdown list asking them which to search on (User name, created at, etc.). Internally, I would need to convert that to the appropriate object search, combine the results, and display. I can, separately, do pagination (mislav will_paginate), sorting, and filtering, but together I'm having some problems combining them. For example, if I paginate the combined list of items, the pagination plugin handles it just fine. It is not efficient since the pagination is happening in the app vs. the DB, but let's assume the intended use-case would indicate the vast majority of the users will have less than 30 favorited items and all other behavior, server capabilities, etc. indicates this will not be a bottleneck. However, if I wish to sort the list I cannot sort it via the pagination plugin because it relies on the assumption that the result set is derived from a single SQL query, and also that the field name is consistent throughout. Thus, I must sort the merged array via ruby, e.g. @items.sort_by{ |i| i.whatever } But, since the items do not share common names, I must first interrogate the object and then call the correct sort by. For example, if the user wishes to sort by user name, if the sorted object is a message, I sort by author but if the object is a song, I sort by singer. This is all very gross and feels quite un-ruby-like. This same problem comes into play with the filter. If the user filters on the "parent item" (the message's thread, the song's album), I must translate that to the appropriate collection object method. Also gross. This is not the exact set-up but is close enough. Note that this is a legacy app so changing it is quite difficult, although not impossible. Also, yes there is some DRY that can be done, but don't focus on the style or elegance of the following code. Style/elegance of the SOLUTION is important, however! :D models: class User < ActiveRecord::Base ... has_and_belongs_to_many :favorite_messages, :class_name => "Message" has_and_belongs_to_many :favorite_songs, :class_name => "Song" has_many :authored_messages, :class_name => "Message" has_many :sung_songs, :class_name => "Song" end class Message < ActiveRecord::Base has_and_belongs_to_many :favorite_messages belongs_to :author, :class_name => "User" belongs_to :thread end class Song < ActiveRecord::Base has_and_belongs_to_many :favorite_songs belongs_to :singer, :class_name => "User" belongs_to :album end controller: def show u = User.find 123 @items = Array.new @items << u.favorite_messages @items << u.favorite_songs # etc. etc. @items.flatten! @items = @items.sort_by{ |i| i.created_at } @items = @items.paginate :page => params[:page], :per_page => 20 end def search # Assume user is searching for username like 'Bob' u = User.find 123 @items = Array.new @items << u.favorite_messages.find( :all, :conditions => "LOWER( author ) LIKE LOWER('%bob%')" ) @items << u.favorite_songs.find( :all, :conditions => "LOWER( singer ) LIKE ... " ) # etc. etc. @items.flatten! @items = @items.sort_by{ |i| determine appropriate sorting based on user selection } @items = @items.paginate :page => params[:page], :per_page => 20 end view: #index.html.erb ... <table> <tr> <th>Title (sort ASC/DESC links)</th> <th>Created By (sort ASC/DESC links))</th> <th>Collection Title (sort ASC/DESC links)</th> <th>Created At (sort ASC/DESC links)</th> </tr> <% @items.each |item| do %> <%= render { :partial => "message", :locals => item } if item.is_a? Message %> <%= render { :partial => "song", :locals => item } if item.is_a? Song %> <%end%> ... </table> #message.html.erb # shorthand, not real ruby print out message title, author name, thread title, message created at #song.html.erb # shorthand print out song title, singer name, album title, song created at

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• Python - Converting CSV to Objects - Code Design

  - by victorhooi

  Hi, I have a small script we're using to read in a CSV file containing employees, and perform some basic manipulations on that data. We read in the data (import_gd_dump), and create an Employees object, containing a list of Employee objects (maybe I should think of a better naming convention...lol). We then call clean_all_phone_numbers() on Employees, which calls clean_phone_number() on each Employee, as well as lookup_all_supervisors(), on Employees. import csv import re import sys #class CSVLoader: # """Virtual class to assist with loading in CSV files.""" # def import_gd_dump(self, input_file='Gp Directory 20100331 original.csv'): # gd_extract = csv.DictReader(open(input_file), dialect='excel') # employees = [] # for row in gd_extract: # curr_employee = Employee(row) # employees.append(curr_employee) # return employees # #self.employees = {row['dbdirid']:row for row in gd_extract} # Previously, this was inside a (virtual) class called "CSVLoader". # However, according to here (http://tomayko.com/writings/the-static-method-thing) - the idiomatic way of doing this in Python is not with a class-fucntion but with a module-level function def import_gd_dump(input_file='Gp Directory 20100331 original.csv'): """Return a list ('employee') of dict objects, taken from a Group Directory CSV file.""" gd_extract = csv.DictReader(open(input_file), dialect='excel') employees = [] for row in gd_extract: employees.append(row) return employees def write_gd_formatted(employees_dict, output_file="gd_formatted.csv"): """Read in an Employees() object, and write out each Employee() inside this to a CSV file""" gd_output_fieldnames = ('hrid', 'mail', 'givenName', 'sn', 'dbcostcenter', 'dbdirid', 'hrreportsto', 'PHFull', 'PHFull_message', 'SupervisorEmail', 'SupervisorFirstName', 'SupervisorSurname') try: gd_formatted = csv.DictWriter(open(output_file, 'w', newline=''), fieldnames=gd_output_fieldnames, extrasaction='ignore', dialect='excel') except IOError: print('Unable to open file, IO error (Is it locked?)') sys.exit(1) headers = {n:n for n in gd_output_fieldnames} gd_formatted.writerow(headers) for employee in employees_dict.employee_list: # We're using the employee object's inbuilt __dict__ attribute - hmm, is this good practice? gd_formatted.writerow(employee.__dict__) class Employee: """An Employee in the system, with employee attributes (name, email, cost-centre etc.)""" def __init__(self, employee_attributes): """We use the Employee constructor to convert a dictionary into instance attributes.""" for k, v in employee_attributes.items(): setattr(self, k, v) def clean_phone_number(self): """Perform some rudimentary checks and corrections, to make sure numbers are in the right format. Numbers should be in the form 0XYYYYYYYY, where X is the area code, and Y is the local number.""" if self.telephoneNumber is None or self.telephoneNumber == '': return '', 'Missing phone number.' else: standard_format = re.compile(r'^\+(?P<intl_prefix>\d{2})\((?P<area_code>\d)\)(?P<local_first_half>\d{4})-(?P<local_second_half>\d{4})') extra_zero = re.compile(r'^\+(?P<intl_prefix>\d{2})\(0(?P<area_code>\d)\)(?P<local_first_half>\d{4})-(?P<local_second_half>\d{4})') missing_hyphen = re.compile(r'^\+(?P<intl_prefix>\d{2})\(0(?P<area_code>\d)\)(?P<local_first_half>\d{4})(?P<local_second_half>\d{4})') if standard_format.search(self.telephoneNumber): result = standard_format.search(self.telephoneNumber) return '0' + result.group('area_code') + result.group('local_first_half') + result.group('local_second_half'), '' elif extra_zero.search(self.telephoneNumber): result = extra_zero.search(self.telephoneNumber) return '0' + result.group('area_code') + result.group('local_first_half') + result.group('local_second_half'), 'Extra zero in area code - ask user to remediate. ' elif missing_hyphen.search(self.telephoneNumber): result = missing_hyphen.search(self.telephoneNumber) return '0' + result.group('area_code') + result.group('local_first_half') + result.group('local_second_half'), 'Missing hyphen in local component - ask user to remediate. ' else: return '', "Number didn't match recognised format. Original text is: " + self.telephoneNumber class Employees: def __init__(self, import_list): self.employee_list = [] for employee in import_list: self.employee_list.append(Employee(employee)) def clean_all_phone_numbers(self): for employee in self.employee_list: #Should we just set this directly in Employee.clean_phone_number() instead? employee.PHFull, employee.PHFull_message = employee.clean_phone_number() # Hmm, the search is O(n^2) - there's probably a better way of doing this search? def lookup_all_supervisors(self): for employee in self.employee_list: if employee.hrreportsto is not None and employee.hrreportsto != '': for supervisor in self.employee_list: if supervisor.hrid == employee.hrreportsto: (employee.SupervisorEmail, employee.SupervisorFirstName, employee.SupervisorSurname) = supervisor.mail, supervisor.givenName, supervisor.sn break else: (employee.SupervisorEmail, employee.SupervisorFirstName, employee.SupervisorSurname) = ('Supervisor not found.', 'Supervisor not found.', 'Supervisor not found.') else: (employee.SupervisorEmail, employee.SupervisorFirstName, employee.SupervisorSurname) = ('Supervisor not set.', 'Supervisor not set.', 'Supervisor not set.') #Is thre a more pythonic way of doing this? def print_employees(self): for employee in self.employee_list: print(employee.__dict__) if __name__ == '__main__': db_employees = Employees(import_gd_dump()) db_employees.clean_all_phone_numbers() db_employees.lookup_all_supervisors() #db_employees.print_employees() write_gd_formatted(db_employees) Firstly, my preamble question is, can you see anything inherently wrong with the above, from either a class design or Python point-of-view? Is the logic/design sound? Anyhow, to the specifics: The Employees object has a method, clean_all_phone_numbers(), which calls clean_phone_number() on each Employee object inside it. Is this bad design? If so, why? Also, is the way I'm calling lookup_all_supervisors() bad? Originally, I wrapped the clean_phone_number() and lookup_supervisor() method in a single function, with a single for-loop inside it. clean_phone_number is O(n), I believe, lookup_supervisor is O(n^2) - is it ok splitting it into two loops like this? In clean_all_phone_numbers(), I'm looping on the Employee objects, and settings their values using return/assignment - should I be setting this inside clean_phone_number() itself? There's also a few things that I'm sorted of hacked out, not sure if they're bad practice - e.g. print_employee() and gd_formatted() both use __dict__, and the constructor for Employee uses setattr() to convert a dictionary into instance attributes. I'd value any thoughts at all. If you think the questions are too broad, let me know and I can repost as several split up (I just didn't want to pollute the boards with multiple similar questions, and the three questions are more or less fairly tightly related). Cheers, Victor

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• AS3: Array of objects parsed from XML remains with zero length

  - by Joel Alejandro

  I'm trying to parse an XML file and create an object array from its data. The data is converted to MediaAlbum classes (class of my own). The XML is parsed correctly and the object is loaded, but when I instantiate it, the Albums array is of zero length, even when the data is loaded correctly. I don't really know what the problem could be... any hints? import Nem.Media.*; var mg:MediaGallery = new MediaGallery("test.xml"); trace(mg.Albums.length); MediaGallery class: package Nem.Media { import flash.net.URLRequest; import flash.net.URLLoader; import flash.events.*; public class MediaGallery { private var jsonGalleryData:Object; public var Albums:Array = new Array(); public function MediaGallery(xmlSource:String) { var loader:URLLoader = new URLLoader(); loader.load(new URLRequest(xmlSource)); loader.addEventListener(Event.COMPLETE, loadGalleries); } public function loadGalleries(e:Event):void { var xmlData:XML = new XML(e.target.data); var album; for each (album in xmlData.albums) { Albums.push(new MediaAlbum(album.attribute("name"), album.photos)); } } } } XML test source: <gallery <albums <album name="Fútbol 9" <photos <photo width="600" height="400" filename="foto1.jpg" / <photo width="600" height="400" filename="foto2.jpg" / <photo width="600" height="400" filename="foto3.jpg" / </photos </album <album name="Fútbol 8" <photos <photo width="600" height="400" filename="foto4.jpg" / <photo width="600" height="400" filename="foto5.jpg" / <photo width="600" height="400" filename="foto6.jpg" / </photos </album </albums </gallery

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• What is the equivalent of .NET events in Ruby?

  - by Gishu

  The problem is very simple. An object needs to notify some events that might be of interest to observers. When I sat to validate a design that I cooked up now in Ruby just to validate it.. I find myself stumped as to how to implement the object events. In .Net this would be a one-liner.. .Net also does handler method signature verification,etc. e.g. // Object with events public delegate void HandlerSignature(int a); public event HandlerSignature MyEvent; public event HandlerSignature AnotherCriticalEvent; // Client MyObject.MyEvent += new HandlerSignature(MyHandlerMethod); // MyHandlerMethod has same signature as delegate Is there an EventDispatcher module or something that I am missing that I can strap on to a Ruby class ? Hoping for an answer that plays along with Ruby's principle of least surprise. An event would be the name of the event plus a queue of [observer, methodName] objects that need to be invoked when the event takes place.

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• Ruby and duck typing: design by contract impossible?

  - by davetron5000

  Method signature in Java: public List<String> getFilesIn(List<File> directories) similar one in ruby def get_files_in(directories) In the case of Java, the type system gives me information about what the method expects and delivers. In Ruby's case, I have no clue what I'm supposed to pass in, or what I'll expect to receive. In Java, the object must formally implement the interface. In Ruby, the object being passed in must respond to whatever methods are called in the method defined here. This seems highly problematic: Even with 100% accurate, up-to-date documentation, the Ruby code has to essentially expose its implementation, breaking encapsulation. "OO purity" aside, this would seem to be a maintenance nightmare. The Ruby code gives me no clue what's being returned; I would have to essentially experiment, or read the code to find out what methods the returned object would respond to. Not looking to debate static typing vs duck typing, but looking to understand how you maintain a production system where you have almost no ability to design by contract. Update No one has really addressed the exposure of a method's internal implementation via documentation that this approach requires. Since there are no interfaces, if I'm not expecting a particular type, don't I have to itemize every method I might call so that the caller knows what can be passed in? Or is this just an edge case that doesn't really come up?

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• Initializing objects on the fly

  - by pocoa

  I have a vector called players and a class called Player. And what I'm trying to do is to write: players.push_back(Player(name, Weapon(bullets))); So I want to be able to create players in a loop. But I see an error message says "no matching function for call Player::Player..." Then I've changed that to: Weapon w(bullets); Player p(name, w); players.push_back(p); Here is my Player definition: class Player { public: Player(string &name, Weapon &weapon); private string name; Weapon weapon; } I'm just trying to learn what is the difference between these definitions. And is this the right way to pass an object to an object constructor. Note: These are not my actual class definitions. I'm just trying to learn something about object oriented programming in C++ with coding it. I mean I know that Weapon should be initialized in Player :)

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• Which design is better (OO Design)?

  - by Tattat

  I have an "Enemy" object, that have many "gun" . Each "gun" can fire "bullet". Storing "gun" is using an array. when the "gun" is fired, the "bullet" will be created. And the enemy object will have an array to store the "bullet". So, I am thinking about the fire method. I am think making a firebulletFromGun in the "enemy". It need have a parameter: "gun". while this method is called. The "enemy" 's bullet will be added in the Array. Another design is writing the fire method in the "gun". The "enemy" use the "gun"'s fire method. And the "gun" will return a "bullet" object, and it will be added in the Array of "enemy". Both method can work, but which way is better? or they are similar the same? plx drop ur ideas/suggestions. thz.

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• How to merge objects in php ?

  - by The Devil

  Hey everybody, I'm currently re-writing a class which handles xml files. Depending on the xml file and it's structure I sometimes need to merge objects. Lets say once I have this: <page name="a title"/> And another time I have this: <page name="a title"> <permission>administrator</permission> </page> Before, I needed only the attributes from the "page" element. That's why a lot of my code expects an object containing only the attributes ($loadedXml-attributes()). Now there are xml files in which the <permission> element is required. I did manage to merge the objects (though not as I wanted) but I can't get to access one of them (most probably it's something I'm missing). To merge my objects I used this code: (object) array_merge( (array) $loadedXml->attributes(), (array) $loadedXml->children() ); This is what I get from print_r(): stdClass Object ( [@attributes] => Array ( [name] => a title ) [permission] => Array ( [0] => administrator ) ) So now my question is how to access the @attributes method ? Thanks in advance, The Devil

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• Attributes in XML subtree that belong to the parent

  - by Bart van Heukelom

  Say I have this XML <doc:document> <objects> <circle radius="10" doc:colour="red" /> <circle radius="20" doc:colour="blue" /> </objects> </doc:document> And this is how it is parsed (pseudo code): // class DocumentParser public Document parse(Element edoc) { doc = new Document(); doc.objects = ObjectsParser.parse(edoc.getChild("objects")); for ( ...?... ) { doc.objectColours.put(object, colour); } return doc; } ObjectsParser is responsible for parsing the objects bit, but is not and should not be aware of the existence of documents. However, in Document colours are associated with objects by use of a Map. What kind of pattern would you recommend to give the colour settings back to DocumentParser.parse from ObjectsParser.parse so it can associate it with the objects they belong to in a map? The alternative would be something like this: <doc:document> <objects> <circle id="1938" radius="10" /> <circle id="6398" radius="20" /> </objects> <doc:objectViewSettings> <doc:objectViewSetting object="1938" colour="red" /> <doc:objectViewSetting object="6398" colour="blue" /> </doc:objectViewSettings> </doc:document> Ugly!

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• c# creating a database query METHOD

  - by Sinaesthetic

  I'm not sure if im delluded but what I would like to do is create a method that will return the results of a query, so that i can reuse the connection code. As i understand it, a query returns an object but how do i pass that object back? I want to send the query into the method as a string argument, and have it return the results so that I can use them. Here's what i have which was a stab in the dark, it obviously doesn't work. This example is me trying to populate a listbox with the results of a query; the sheet name is Employees and the field/column is name. The error i get is "Complex DataBinding accepts as a data source either an IList or an IListSource.". any ideas? public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); openFileDialog1.ShowDialog(); openedFile = openFileDialog1.FileName; lbxEmployeeNames.DataSource = Query("Select [name] FROM [Employees$]"); } public object Query(string sql) { System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection MyConnection; System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand myCommand = new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand(); string connectionPath; //build connection string connectionPath = "provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source='" + openedFile + "';Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;"; MyConnection = new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection(connectionPath); MyConnection.Open(); myCommand.Connection = MyConnection; myCommand.CommandText = sql; return myCommand.ExecuteNonQuery(); }

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• I cant put a string in a switch nor an array in a class

  - by TimothyTech

  Okay, im making a pretty big file in my opinion, so i wanted to separate it into several files for cleaner code. so i have my main .cpp file and two header files holding my classes. well the header files dont hold strings, it aboslutely wont budge. i call the library in both my .cpp file and even tried it in my header file. another issue i ran into is using strings to make switches function, reason being if i use integers in a switch if the user inputs a alphabetical character the program goes into an endless loop. string choice; switch (choice) { case "1" : //... break; case "2" : //... break; } and my last issue is when i create an object in a case it gives an error. says cross initialization of object. string choice; switch (choice) { case "1" : Class object; break; case "2" : //... break; }

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• Get class instance by class name string

  - by VDVLeon

  Hi all, I noticed the function Object.factory(char[] className) in D. But it does not work like I hoped it would work; it does not work ;) An example: import std.stdio; class TestClass { override string toString() { return typeof(this).stringof; // TestClass } }; void main(string[] args) { auto i = Object.factory("TestClass"); if (i is null) { writeln("Class not found"); } else { writeln("Class string: " ~ i); } } I think this should result in the message: "Class string: TestClass" but it says "Class not found". Does anybody know why this happens and how I could fix it ? Or do I need to make my own class factory. For example by make a class with a static array Object[string] classes; with class instances. When I want a new instance I do this: auto i = (className in classes); if (i is null) { return null; } return i.classinfo.create();

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• How To Delete objet whit mouse click ?

  - by Meko

  Hi all. I made a simple FlowChat Editor that creates rectangles and triangles and connect them each other and shows the way from up to down. I can move this elements on screen to .But I am tying to create button to delete element which I clicked. There is problem that I can delete mytriangle object but but I cant delete myRectangle objects.It deletes but not object which i clicked.I delete from first object to last ..Here my code ... if (deleteObj) { if (rectsList.size() != 0) { for (int i = 0; i < rectsList.size(); i++) { MyRect rect = (MyRect) rectsList.get(i); if (e.getX() <= rect.c.x + 50 && e.getX() >= rect.c.x - 50 && e.getY() <= rect.c.y + 15 && e.getY() >= rect.c.y - 15) { rectsList.remove(rect); System.out.println("This is REctangle DELETED\n"); } } } if (triangleList.size() != 0) { for (int j = 0; j < triangleList.size(); j++) { MyTriangle trian = (MyTriangle) triangleList.get(j); if (e.getX() <= trian.c.x + 20 && e.getX() >= trian.c.x - 20 && e.getY() <= trian.c.y + 20 && e.getY() >= trian.c.y - 20) { triangleList.remove(trian); System.out.println("This is Triangle Deleted\n"); } } }

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• operator+ overload returning object causing memory leaks, C++

  - by lampshade

  The problem i think is with returing an object when i overload the + operator. I tried returning a reference to the object, but doing so does not fix the memory leak. I can comment out the two statements: dObj = dObj + dObj2; and cObj = cObj + cObj2; to free the program of memory leaks. Somehow, the problem is with returning an object after overloading the + operator. #include <iostream> #include <vld.h> using namespace std; class Animal { public : Animal() {}; virtual void eat() = 0 {}; virtual void walk() = 0 {}; }; class Dog : public Animal { public : Dog(const char * name, const char * gender, int age); Dog() : name(NULL), gender(NULL), age(0) {}; virtual ~Dog(); Dog operator+(const Dog &dObj); private : char * name; char * gender; int age; }; class MyClass { public : MyClass() : action(NULL) {}; void setInstance(Animal &newInstance); void doSomething(); private : Animal * action; }; Dog::Dog(const char * name, const char * gender, int age) : // allocating here, for data passed in ctor name(new char[strlen(name)+1]), gender(new char[strlen(gender)+1]), age(age) { if (name) { size_t length = strlen(name) +1; strcpy_s(this->name, length, name); } else name = NULL; if (gender) { size_t length = strlen(gender) +1; strcpy_s(this->gender, length, gender); } else gender = NULL; if (age) { this->age = age; } } Dog::~Dog() { delete name; delete gender; age = 0; } Dog Dog::operator+(const Dog &dObj) { Dog d; d.age = age + dObj.age; return d; } void MyClass::setInstance(Animal &newInstance) { action = &newInstance; } void MyClass::doSomething() { action->walk(); action->eat(); } int main() { MyClass mObj; Dog dObj("Scruffy", "Male", 4); // passing data into ctor Dog dObj2("Scooby", "Male", 6); mObj.setInstance(dObj); // set the instance specific to the object. mObj.doSomething(); // something happens based on which object is passed in dObj = dObj + dObj2; // invoke the operator+ return 0; }

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• jQuery.extend() not giving deep copy of object formed by constructor

  - by two7s_clash

  I'm trying to use this to clone a complicated Object. The object in question has a property that is an array of other Objects, and each of these have properties of different types, mostly primitives, but a couple further Objects and Arrays. For example, an ellipsed version of what I am trying to clone: var asset = new Assets(); function Assets() { this.values = []; this.sectionObj = Section; this.names = getNames; this.titles = getTitles; this.properties = getProperties; ... this.add = addAsset; function AssetObj(assetValues) { this.name = ""; this.title = ""; this.interface = ""; ... this.protected = false; this.standaloneProtected = true; ... this.chaptersFree = []; this.chaptersUnavailable = []; ... this.mediaOptions = { videoWidth: "", videoHeight: "", downloadMedia: true, downloadMediaExt: "zip" ... } this.chaptersAvailable = []; if (typeof assetValues == "undefined") { return; } for (var name in assetValues) { if (typeof assetValues[name] == "undefined") { this[name] = ""; } else { this[name] = assetValues[name]; } } ... function Asset() { return new AssetObj(); } ... function getProperties() { var propertiesArray = new Array(); for (var property in this.values[0]) { propertiesArray.push(property); } return propertiesArray; } ... function addAsset(assetValues) { var newValues; newValues = new AssetObj(assetValues); this.values.push(newValues); } } When I do var copiedAssets = $.extend(true, {}, assets); copiedAssets.values == [], while assets.values == [Object { name="section_intro", more...}, Object { name="select_textbook", more...}, Object { name="quiz", more...}, 11 more...] When I do var copiedAssets = $.extend( {}, assets); all copiedAssets.values.[X].properties are just pointers to the value in assets. What I want is a true deep copy all the way down. What am I missing? Do I need to write a custom extend function? If so, any recommended patterns?

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• Object relationships

  - by Hammerstein

  This stems from a recent couple of posts I've made on events and memory management in general. I'm making a new question as I don't think the software I'm using has anything to do with the overall problem and I'm trying to understand a little more about how to properly manage things. This is ASP.NET. I've been trying to understand the needs for Dispose/Finalize over the past few days and believe that I've got to a stage where I'm pretty happy with when I should/shouldn't implement the Dispose/Finalize. 'If I have members that implement IDisposable, put explicit calls to their dispose in my dispose method' seems to be my understanding. So, now I'm thinking maybe my understanding of object lifetimes and what holds on to what is just wrong! Rather than come up with some sample code that I think will illustrate my point, I'm going to describe as best I can actual code and see if someone can talk me through it. So, I have a repository class, in it I have a DataContext that I create when the repository is created. I implement IDisposable, and when my calling object is done, I call Dispose on my repository and explicitly call DataContext.Dispose( ). Now, one of the methods of this class creates and returns a list of objects that's handed back to my front end. Front End - Controller - Repository - Controller - Front End. (Using Redgate Memory Profiler, I take a snapshot of my software when the page is first loaded). My front end creates a controller object on page load and then makes a request to the repository sending back a list of items. When the page is finished loading, I call Dispose on the controller which in turn calls dispose on the context. In my mind, that should mean that my connection is closed and that I have no instances of my controller class. If I then refresh the page, it jumps to two 'Live' instances of the controller class. If I look at the object retention graph, the objects I created in my call to the list are being held onto ultimately by what looks like Linq. The controller/repository aside, if I create a list of objects somewhere, or I create an object and return it somewhere, am I safe to just assume that .NET will eventually come and clean things up for me or is there a best practice? The 'Live' instances suggest to me that these are still in memory and active objects, the fact that RMP apparently forces GC doesn't mean anything?

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• Entity Framework: An object with the same key already exists in the objectstatemanager

  - by NealR

  I see that this question has been asked a lot, however I haven't found anything yet that solves the problem I'm having. Obviously i'm using the Entity Framework to perform an update to a record. Once the updates are complete, however, whenever I try to save I get the following error message: An object with the same key already exists in the objectstatemanager At first I was passing in a collection object from the view that contained a copy of the the ZipCodeTerritory model object zipToUpdate. I changed the code by pulling this object out and just sending in the relevant fields instead. However, I'm still getting the same error. What's also weird is the first time I run this code, it works fine. Any attempt after that I get the error. Controller Here is the code from the method calling the edit function public static string DescriptionOnly(ZipCodeIndex updateZip) { if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(updateZip.newEffectiveDate) || !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(updateZip.newEndDate)) { return "Neither effective or end date can be present if updating Territory Code only; "; } _updated = 0; foreach (var zipCode in updateZip.displayForPaging.Where(x => x.Update)) { ProcessAllChanges(zipCode, updateZip.newTerritory, updateZip.newStateCode, updateZip.newDescription, updateZip.newChannelCode); } _msg += _updated + " record(s) updated; "; return _msg; } And here is the method that actually does the updating. private static void ProcessAllChanges(ZipCodeTerritory zipToUpdate, string newTerritory, string newStateCode, string newDescription, string newChannelCode) { try { if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(newTerritory)) zipToUpdate.IndDistrnId = newTerritory; if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(newStateCode)) zipToUpdate.StateCode = newStateCode; if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(newDescription)) zipToUpdate.DrmTerrDesc = newDescription; if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(newChannelCode)) zipToUpdate.ChannelCode = newChannelCode; if (zipToUpdate.EndDate == DateTime.MinValue) zipToUpdate.EndDate = DateTime.MaxValue; _db.Entry(zipToUpdate).State = EntityState.Modified; _db.SaveChanges(); _updated++; } catch (DbEntityValidationException dbEx) { _msg += "Error during update; "; EventLog.WriteEntry("Monet", "Error during ProcessAllChanges: " + zipToUpdate.ToString() + " |EX| " + dbEx.Message); } catch (Exception ex) { _msg += "Error during update; "; EventLog.WriteEntry("Monet", "Error during ProcessAllChanges: " + zipToUpdate.ToString() + " |MESSAGE| " + ex.Message); } } EDIT The ZipCodeIndex object contains a list of ZipCodeTerritory model objects. These aren't being pulled from a linq query, but instead simply passed back to the controller from the view. Here is the signature of the controller method that starts the process: [HttpPost] public ActionResult Update(ZipCodeIndex updateZip, string button)

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