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  • Are there tools available for trimming PDF margins?

    - by Charles Duffy
    I have an ebook I'm trying to read in PDF format on a Kindle. Unfortunately, the page headers and footers have some content (page number and copyright info, respectively) preventing the device from scaling the actual text to match its usable area viewing area, thus leaving the actual content too small to read. Various tools are available which will trim off whitespace, but the Kindle already does this; my goal, by contrast, is to remove printed matter outside of a defined bounding box, and the only tool I've found for the purpose is moderately expensive commercial software. I could probably generate a mask in Inkscape; split out the individual pages using pdftk, apply the mask to each page individually (outputting to postscript), and recombine the numerous postscript files into a single PDF. However, this decode/reencode steps would be pretty unfortunate in terms of document size; something able to operate with a bit more finesse would be ideal. I have all major operating systems handy (Windows, several modern Linux distros, a Mac, etc) so solutions don't need to be constrained by platform. Suggestions? (I've reported the issue to the author, who mentioned it to his editor, who hasn't done anything about the issue over the course of more than a month, making the zero-work approach evidently nonproductive).

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  • install Oracle’s VirtualBox

    - by Shamith c
    I am trying to install Oracle’s VirtualBox. I used sudo dpkg -i virtualbox-4.2_4.2.4-81684\~Ubuntu\~quantal_i386.deb Getting following errors (Reading database ... 226237 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace virtualbox-4.2 4.2.4-81684~Ubuntu~quantal (using virtualbox-4.2_4.2.4-81684~Ubuntu~quantal_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement virtualbox-4.2 ... dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of virtualbox-4.2: virtualbox-4.2 depends on libc6 (>= 2.15); however: Version of libc6 on system is 2.13-20ubuntu5. virtualbox-4.2 depends on libqtcore4 (>= 4:4.8.0); however: Version of libqtcore4 on system is 4:4.7.4-0ubuntu8.1. virtualbox-4.2 depends on libqtgui4 (>= 4:4.8.0); however: Version of libqtgui4 on system is 4:4.7.4-0ubuntu8.1. dpkg: error processing virtualbox-4.2 (--install): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Processing triggers for ureadahead ... Processing triggers for shared-mime-info ... How to solve it?

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  • My laptop screen keeps dimming

    - by Rowland
    I have a Cryo laptop with Windows 7 installed, bought in December 2011. Sometimes the screen seems to persistently dim and/or brighten up, even as I am doing things. In fact the brightness is varying even as I type this. The battery is always fully charged and connected to the mains. I have checked many times the battery/power-saving settings always leaving the settings the same way; full brightness and never dimming when on the mains. Yet when the screen starts playing up I can end up with the screen dimming and brightening almost continuously. I once went to the "adjust screen brightness" window when the screen had dimmed. I found the brightness slider on 100% (as I expected) but, as I dragged it to the left, to dim the screen, it first brightened and then started dimming, i.e. the screen setting said 100% brightness but it was only at, maybe 80%. I have checked with Cryo and they just say check the power settings. I know what these are and how to work them and always set them to never dim/full brightness, yet still my laptop starts this dimming every so often.

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  • SMF restarting service whenever there's output?

    - by Phillip Oldham
    I'm trying to add a custom service to SMF's configuration, which seems successful in that the service starts and there is a log file, but therein lies the problem; the service, on start-up, prints some logging messages to the stderr. It seems that SMF is seeing those messages and, believing them to be errors, restarts the service, giving up after a number of tries and leaving the service off. Here's part of the log output: [ Mar 30 14:59:54 Enabled. ] [ Mar 30 14:59:54 Executing start method ("java server.CustomServer"). ] Starting server... [ Mar 30 15:00:04 Method or service exit timed out. Killing contract 107. ] Running the server directly on the commandline is fine, and AFACS there are no errors being encountered during startup, other than the output. What would be the best way to manage this service with SMF? The logging is needed for diagnosing problems, and would be problematic to disable. Is it possible to configure this service to only restart if the service exists?

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  • Replacing Failing RAID 1 Drive

    - by mrduclaw
    I hope this is a simple question, but I simply don't know anything about RAID. Some time ago I received a machine that, as I understand it, has two drives in it under RAID 1 (or so that one drive is mirrored on the other and appears as just 1 drive to the OS). Recently, one of these drives has started marking a clicking noise and I would like to replace it. I believe the machine has a hardware RAID controller on the motherboard that handles the RAID stuff, but if it matters the Operating System is Windows XP 32-bit. Is the solution to my problem as simple as buying another drive that is of the same capacity and plugging it in where the clicking drive is currently? Or could I possibly lose everything if the drive that's clicking is the one being mirrored on to the other drive? Is there some menu I need to find before unhooking things? Any best practices out there? I'm sure I'm leaving out some required information, so please just tell me what I'm missing. Thanks!

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  • Logging communication between two VMs

    - by sYnfo
    Hi, I'm trying to set up "malware lab" described in this paper. So far, I've set up Windows guest system, adding one Host-only Network adapter, and setting this (sorry if the names aren't exactely correct, I don't have an english language version): - IP Address - 10.0.0.3 - Subnet mask - 255.255.255.0 - Default gateway - not set - Preferred DNS - 10.0.0.4 - Alternate DNS - not set And a Linux guest system - Ubuntu 9.04 - with two Network adapters - Bridged (eth0) and Host-only (eth1), and setting eth1 IP Address to 10.0.0.4, leaving the eth0 to be set by DHCP. Then, I have configured iptables as described in the paper, ie.: iptables -F -t nat iptables -F -t mangle iptables -t mangle -P PREROUTING ACCEPT iptables -t mangle -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -t nat -P PREROUTING ACCEPT iptables -t nat -P POSTROUTING ACCEPT iptables -t nat -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -j ACCEPT iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p udp -i eth1 -d 10.0.0.3 --dport 53 -j ACCEPT iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth1 --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth1 -d 10.0.0.3 --dport 6000:7000 -j ACCEPT iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -j ULOG iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -j DROP Now, when I try to ping the windows system from within the Linux system, it does not reply, I guess thats perfectly normal, because iptables is blocking ping responce. Same when I try to ping the Linux system from within the Windows. But when I try to access any web page from within the Windows system, I would expect that this action should get logged by iptables. But thing is, I don't see any of that kind of lines in log file (If I am looking in the right place, that is. :) It is at /var/log/messages, isn't it?). So, what do you think might be the problem here? I should note, that this is the first time I'm using linux, so don't expect ANY working knowledge of Linux at all... :) Also, since english is not my mother tongue, feel free to point out any gramatical mistakes... :) Thanks for any advice.

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  • Cisco FWSM -> ASA upgrade broke our mail server

    - by Mike Pennington
    We send mail with unicode asian characters to our mail server on the other side of our WAN... immediately after upgrading from a FWSM running 2.3(2) to an ASA5550 running 8.2(5), we saw failures on mail jobs that contained unicode. The symptoms are pretty clear... using the ASA's packet capture utility, we snagged the traffic before and after it left the ASA... access-list PCAP line 1 extended permit tcp any host 192.0.2.25 eq 25 capture pcap_inside type raw-data access-list PCAP buffer 1500000 packet-length 9216 interface inside capture pcap_outside type raw-data access-list PCAP buffer 1500000 packet-length 9216 interface WAN I downloaded the pcaps from the ASA by going to https://<fw_addr>/pcap_inside/pcap and https://<fw_addr>/pcap_outside/pcap... when I looked at them with Wireshark Follow TCP Stream, the inside traffic going into the ASA looks like this EHLO metabike AUTH LOGIN YzFwbUlciXNlck== cZUplCVyXzRw But the same mail leaving the ASA on the outside interface looks like this... EHLO metabike AUTH LOGIN YzFwbUlciXNlck== XXXXXXXXXXXX The XXXX characters are concerning... I fixed the issue by disabling ESMTP inspection: wan-fw1(config)# policy-map global_policy wan-fw1(config-pmap)# class inspection_default wan-fw1(config-pmap-c)# no inspect esmtp wan-fw1(config-pmap-c)# end The $5 question... our old FWSM used SMTP fixup without issues... mail went down at the exact moment that we brought the new ASAs online... what specifically is different about the ASA that it is now breaking this mail? Note: usernames / passwords / app names were changed... don't bother trying to Base64-decode this text.

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  • How to stop my wireless adapter from received dhcp from router (windows)

    - by baobeiii
    Hi, I have a windows 7 computer which is connected via vpn to an OpenVpn server which happens to be in another country. I have all internet traffic being routed from my computer through the vpn to the server. However dns queries are not going through the vpn, but are instead going directly to my isp's dns via a route outside of the vpn tunnel. This is happening because my wireless adapter is configured to obtain DNS server address automatically. The router that stands between my computer and the internet happens to have a DCHP server running on it that is assinging my computer with the DNS addresses of the isp. The issue is, i haven't been able to stop my wireless adapter on my computer from receiving the dns settings from the router. I've tried selecting 'use the following dns server addresses' and then just leaving them blank, but ipconfig /all shows me that this hasn't worked and i'm still getting dns form the router. So is there any way to completely stop my windows wireless adapter from receiving these settings from the router? I have the OpenVpn server pushing to my computer's tun adapter the dns that it should be using. I'd rather solve this in a way that doesn't involve disabling the dhcp server on the router or fiddling with the router. The reason is i'm on a laptop and i want my vpn to not leak dns even when i'm out, for example in wireless hotspots. I know if i could just force the wireless adapter to ignore the router's dhcp server then my dns queries would go through the tunnel to the dns address pushed by the OpenVpn server. Sorry, i know thats long winded, if you have any idea's please do tell me. Thanks and merry xmas.

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  • Looking for a smart sync tool that exactly copies the structure of the source to that of the destination

    - by ????????
    I am a Windows 7 user and looking for a sync tool that exactly copies the structure of the source to that of the destination. The scenario is as follows: I have a laptop in which I save my daily projects. I always bring this laptop wherever I go to work, either at my school or at my house. At school I have a room in which I put an external hard drive to backup my laptop data. Upon arriving at school I always sync the external data with my laptop. Before leaving the school, I also do the synchronization if I make some modification in my laptop data. I do the same thing when I arrive and leave my house. Every month I reformat my laptop because of some trial softwares. I am using SyncToy 2.1 to sync the external drives with my laptop. The problem is as follows. Before formatting my laptop, I sync all external drives with my laptop. For example, My laptop structure: c:\data\file1.ext c:\data\folder1\file2.ext Both external drive structure: d:\data\file1.ext d:\data\folder1\file2.ext After reformatting my laptop, I move the file1.ext to folder1. So my laptop structure becomes, c:\data\folder1\file1.ext c:\data\folder1\file2.ext If I sync external drives with my laptop, I get d:\data\file1.ext d:\data\folder1\file1.ext d:\data\folder1\file2.ext I want the tool also remove d:\data\file1.ext. How to do this?

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  • Explain why .bash_logout won't run commands?

    - by Droogans
    So I've been wondering how to run these two lines of code everytime I close an open instance of Terminal: history -c cat /dev/null > ~/.bash_history I export HISTFILE=5 on startup, but still want to flush that out when I'm done. I've tried looking around a bit in a couple of places, and haven't had much luck. I run Linux Mint, and would also note here that I ran into a similar issue with .bash_profile; eventually, I discovered I needed to place all start up code in .bashrc, so maybe that has something to do with it. Here's my .bash_logout file: #!/bin/bash # ~/.bash_logout: executed by bash(1) when login shell exits. # when leaving the console clear the screen to increase privacy if [ "$SHLVL" = 1 ]; then history -c cat /dev/null > ~/.bash_history [ -x /usr/bin/clear_console ] && /usr/bin/clear_console -q fi #this does nothing on exit... echo 'logout'; sleep 2s I've tried re-arranging this script many ways, I'm not sure if I don't understand how bash works, and if any of this is running in the first place. Does the fact that I run Xserver make bash consider Terminal something that isn't a log-out on exit?

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  • Ubuntu loading stops ?

    - by joxnas
    I don't know why, or how... but my ubuntu's loading / booting stops right after the ubuntu logo appearing.. An underscore appears in the right top of the screen: _ then, it disappears leaving the whole screen black Version is 9.10 ,Kernel is .20 I have tryed recovering mode and selected recover damaged packages option, but it didn't do any good.. I have very important files in Ubuntu that I need to copy to a pen drive or something, today.. The terminal mode is working, so i think i can do this there.. My questions: How can I get my Ubuntu to load? Is it possible to copy the files i need via terminal mode? I dont know if with other of the previous kernels it would work... but I had configured my grub (inside Ubuntu's gui) to show only the last kernel... and now i can't select any other kernel then .20 because I don't know a way to configure Grub unless via Ubuntu's gui... My hardware: ATI Mobility Radeon 4650 HD P7450 2.13Ghz Core duo 4Gb DDR2

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  • Hungry hungry BIOS: why do I have less than 4 GiB of memory?

    - by Rhymoid
    I thought I had 4 GiB of memory, but just to be sure, let's ask the BIOS about that: ?: sudo dmidecode --type 20 # dmidecode 2.12 SMBIOS 2.6 present. Handle 0x000B, DMI type 20, 19 bytes Memory Device Mapped Address Starting Address: 0x00000000000 Ending Address: 0x0007FFFFFFF Range Size: 2 GB Physical Device Handle: 0x000A Memory Array Mapped Address Handle: 0x000E Partition Row Position: Unknown Interleave Position: Unknown Interleaved Data Depth: Unknown Handle 0x000D, DMI type 20, 19 bytes Memory Device Mapped Address Starting Address: 0x00080000000 Ending Address: 0x000FFFFFFFF Range Size: 2 GB Physical Device Handle: 0x000C Memory Array Mapped Address Handle: 0x000E Partition Row Position: Unknown Interleave Position: Unknown Interleaved Data Depth: Unknown Alright, 4 GiB it is. But I can't use all of it: ?: cat /proc/meminfo | head -n 1 MemTotal: 3913452 kB Somehow, somewhere, I lost 274 MiB. Where did 6% of my memory go? Now I know the address ranges in DMI are incorrect, because the ACPI memory map reports usable ranges well beyond the ending address of the second memory module: ?: dmesg | grep -E "BIOS-e820: .* usable" [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009e7ff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x00000000dee7bfff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x0000000117ffffff] usable I get pretty much the same info from /proc/iomem (except for the 4 kiB hole 0x000-0xFFF), which also shows that the kernel only accounts for less than 8 MiB. I guess 0x00000000-0x7FFFFFFF is indeed mapped to the first memory module, and 0x80000000-0xDFFFFFFF to part of the second memory module (a bunch of ACPI NVS things live between 0xDEE7C000 and 0xDEF30FFF, and the remaining 16-something MiB of that range are just 'reserved'). I guess the highest 0x18000000 bytes of the second memory module are mapped above the 4 GiB mark. But even then, there are two problems: 128 MiB (0x08000000 bytes, living somewhere between 0xE0000000 and 0xFFFFFFFF) are still completely unaccounted for. To note, my graphics card is on PCI-Express and (allegedly) has 1 GiB dedicated memory, so that shouldn't be the culprit. Did the BIOS screw up in moving the memory, leaving it partially shadowed by MMIO? Even with this mediocre explanation, I only 'found' 128 MiB. But /proc/meminfo is reporting a much larger deficit; where's the other 146 MiB? How does Linux count MemTotal?

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  • Creating MS Word 2010 Relative Links?

    - by leeand00
    Okay here is what I've tried so far for creating relative links in my MS Word Documents. In my document from the ribbon I select the File tab. I then select Info from the side bar. Click the properties drop down from the right hand column. (a bit difficult to find initially, since it looks like text not a drop down, but it's there). Click Advanced Properties The <document-name>.docx Properties Dialog Appears I enter .\ to specify that I want a relative path for the links in my document. I click OK. I go back into my document select some text and attempt to make a link out of it clicking the Insert tab of the ribbon, and then clicking Hyperlink. I then select a document from the current folder, and strip the full path from it, leaving just the name of the .docx file to which I wish to link. Then I click OK. The link appears, I try to click it using Ctrl+Click. I am informed that the address of the site is not valid. Check the address and try again. What could I possibly be doing wrong here? I just want a relative link. It's so easy in to do this in HTML.

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  • Can't upgrade MySQL Server on new Ubuntu 12.04 install

    - by user179627
    After freshly installing Ubuntu server 12.04, I did the usual apt-get update / apt-get upgrade, which failed for mysql-server-5.5: Setting up mysql-server-5.5 (5.5.31-0ubuntu0.12.04.2) ... start: Job failed to start invoke-rc.d: initscript mysql, action "start" failed. dpkg: error processing mysql-server-5.5 (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mysql-server: mysql-server depends on mysql-server-5.5; however: Package mysql-server-5.5 is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing mysql-server (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured I tried a wide variety a approaches suggested by googling, which involved various combinations of apt-get remove/purge/install -f/reinstall, etc., with no luck. I also tried downloading the package directly from launchpad.net and running dpkg -i on it (this had worked for a similar issue with a kernel upgrade), but to no avail. I'm not actually particularly interested in what's going on with mysql, per se (though I will need to figure it out at some time); at this point, my primary concern is that I am unable to apt-get install other packages! What to do?

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  • Private subnet for VM server host-only network

    - by Derek Pressnall
    At my current job, we distribute a product based on a Linux server with multiple VMs defined (using KVM / libvirt). We are planning to expose limited ports to the customer's network, and use iptables to direct inbound traffic to the appropriate internal VM. My question: is there a class of private subnets that I can use for the internal host-only network that is least likely to conflict with a client IP subnet? Specifically, if I choose a /24 out of any of the RFC-1918 defined private subnets (such as 192.168.x.x), there is a chance of conflicting with a customer-used range. I noticed that several current VM implementations default to 192.168.122.x -- is this due to an RFC that I'm not familiar with, and therefore this is a safe range to use (that most network admins would avoid)? Or did the various VM vendors just pick that range randomly? I guess I'm looking for an IP range that is more private than the existing private (RFC1918) addresses. The only other thought I had was to use one of the "Test Net" IP ranges reserved for documentation purposes (RFC 5737). Note, that I'm not worried about a customer's network blocking these IPs, as this is only internal to our server (packets get NATted before leaving the box). However this does seem more unorthodox than just sticking with the default 192.168.122.x/24 subnet.

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  • Change "Show Desktop" to "Minimize All"

    - by V0R73X
    I'd like to use Alt-Tab a lot when I'm programming under Windows. It's the quickest method to switch between windows. However, there's one annoying thing about this, and that is when I switch over to "Desktop" using Alt-Tab, Windows uses the "Show Desktop" command instead of minimizing all Windows. I personally hate Show Desktop, since it creates a separate window on top of all the other windows which captures a live display of desktop, and this causes all the widgets I have on the desktop to be hidden under this live window, and I LOVE my widgets. An ideal behavior for when I switch tabs to Desktop using Alt-Tab would be the "Minimize All" behavior, which simply minimizes all windows, leaving me with my actual desktop, which sits behind everything. In order to achieve this, I have to move my fingers across the keyboard, and press Win+M. This decreases my efficiency by .5 seconds, which is a LOT of time. How can I tell windows to use "Minimize All" rather than "Show Desktop" when I use my good ol' Alt-Tab functionality to switch over to desktop and save .5 seconds in time?

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  • Uncaught SyntaxError: Unexpected token ILLEGAL

    - by sathis
    May i know whats wrong inside this.I am new world of programing ..So if you help me it would be wonderful.The error comes on the line arr[${i.count-1}][1]=${employee.email}; Awaiting for your response.The entire Code as follows.. $(function() { var arr = new Array(); arr[0]=new Array(4); arr[0][0]=sathis; arr[0][1][email protected]; arr[0][2]=namakkal; arr[0][3]=21; arr[1]=new Array(4); arr[1][0]=ganesh; arr[1][1][email protected]; arr[1][2]=karaikudi; arr[1][3]=22; arr[2]=new Array(4); arr[2][0]=karthik; arr[2][1][email protected]; arr[2][2]=trichy; arr[2][3]=25; var str="<table><tr><th>Name</th><th>Email</th><th>City</th><th>Age</th></tr><tr><td>"; $("#emp_name").change(function() { var i=$(this).val(); str=str+arr[i-1][0]+"</td><td>"+arr[i-1][1]+"</td><td>"+arr[i-1][2]+"</td><td>"+arr[i-1][3]+"</td><tr></table>"; $("#viewer").html(str); alert(str); }); });

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  • MVC - Cocoa interface - Cocoa Design pattern book

    - by Idan
    So I started reading this book: http://www.amazon.com/Cocoa-Design-Patterns-Erik-Buck/dp/0321535022 On chapter 2 it explains about the MVC design pattern and gives and example which I need some clarification to. The simple example shows a view with the following fields: hourlyRate, WorkHours, Standarthours , salary. The example is devided into 3 parts : View - contains some text fiels and a table (the table contains a list of employees' data). Controller - comprised of NSArrayController class (contains an array of MyEmployee) Model - MyEmployee class which describes an employee. MyEmployee class has one method which return the salary according to the calculation logic, and attributes in accordance with the view UI controls. MyEmployee inherits from NSManagedObject. Few things i'm not sure of : 1. Inside the MyEmplpyee class implemenation file, the calculation method gets the class attributes using sentence like " [[self valueForKey:@"hourlyRate"] floatValue];" Howevern, inside the header there is no data member named hourlyRate or any of the view fields. I'm not quite sure how does it work, and how it gets the value from the right view field. (does it have to be the same name as the field name in the view). maybe the conncetion is made somehow using the Interface builder and was not shown in the book ? and more important: 2. how does it seperate the view from the model ? let's say ,as the book implies might happen, I decide one day to remove one of the fields in the view. as far as I understand, that means changing the way the salary method works in MyEmplpyee (cause we have one field less) , and removing one attribute from the same calss. So how is that separate the View from the Model if changing one reflect on the other ? I guess I get something wrong... Any comments ? Thanks

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  • Large Object Heap Fragmentation

    - by Paul Ruane
    The C#/.NET application I am working on is suffering from a slow memory leak. I have used CDB with SOS to try to determine what is happening but the data does not seem to make any sense so I was hoping one of you may have experienced this before. The application is running on the 64 bit framework. It is continuously calculating and serialising data to a remote host and is hitting the Large Object Heap (LOH) a fair bit. However, most of the LOH objects I expect to be transient: once the calculation is complete and has been sent to the remote host, the memory should be freed. What I am seeing, however, is a large number of (live) object arrays interleaved with free blocks of memory, e.g., taking a random segment from the LOH: 0:000> !DumpHeap 000000005b5b1000 000000006351da10 Address MT Size ... 000000005d4f92e0 0000064280c7c970 16147872 000000005e45f880 00000000001661d0 1901752 Free 000000005e62fd38 00000642788d8ba8 1056 <-- 000000005e630158 00000000001661d0 5988848 Free 000000005ebe6348 00000642788d8ba8 1056 000000005ebe6768 00000000001661d0 6481336 Free 000000005f214d20 00000642788d8ba8 1056 000000005f215140 00000000001661d0 7346016 Free 000000005f9168a0 00000642788d8ba8 1056 000000005f916cc0 00000000001661d0 7611648 Free 00000000600591c0 00000642788d8ba8 1056 00000000600595e0 00000000001661d0 264808 Free ... Obviously I would expect this to be the case if my application were creating long-lived, large objects during each calculation. (It does do this and I accept there will be a degree of LOH fragmentation but that is not the problem here.) The problem is the very small (1056 byte) object arrays you can see in the above dump which I cannot see in code being created and which are remaining rooted somehow. Also note that CDB is not reporting the type when the heap segment is dumped: I am not sure if this is related or not. If I dump the marked (<--) object, CDB/SOS reports it fine: 0:015> !DumpObj 000000005e62fd38 Name: System.Object[] MethodTable: 00000642788d8ba8 EEClass: 00000642789d7660 Size: 1056(0x420) bytes Array: Rank 1, Number of elements 128, Type CLASS Element Type: System.Object Fields: None The elements of the object array are all strings and the strings are recognisable as from our application code. Also, I am unable to find their GC roots as the !GCRoot command hangs and never comes back (I have even tried leaving it overnight). So, I would very much appreciate it if anyone could shed any light as to why these small (<85k) object arrays are ending up on the LOH: what situations will .NET put a small object array in there? Also, does anyone happen to know of an alternative way of ascertaining the roots of these objects? Thanks in advance. Update 1 Another theory I came up with late yesterday is that these object arrays started out large but have been shrunk leaving the blocks of free memory that are evident in the memory dumps. What makes me suspicious is that the object arrays always appear to be 1056 bytes long (128 elements), 128 * 8 for the references and 32 bytes of overhead. The idea is that perhaps some unsafe code in a library or in the CLR is corrupting the number of elements field in the array header. Bit of a long shot I know... Update 2 Thanks to Brian Rasmussen (see accepted answer) the problem has been identified as fragmentation of the LOH caused by the string intern table! I wrote a quick test application to confirm this: static void Main() { const int ITERATIONS = 100000; for (int index = 0; index < ITERATIONS; ++index) { string str = "NonInterned" + index; Console.Out.WriteLine(str); } Console.Out.WriteLine("Continue."); Console.In.ReadLine(); for (int index = 0; index < ITERATIONS; ++index) { string str = string.Intern("Interned" + index); Console.Out.WriteLine(str); } Console.Out.WriteLine("Continue?"); Console.In.ReadLine(); } The application first creates and dereferences unique strings in a loop. This is just to prove that the memory does not leak in this scenario. Obviously it should not and it does not. In the second loop, unique strings are created and interned. This action roots them in the intern table. What I did not realise is how the intern table is represented. It appears it consists of a set of pages -- object arrays of 128 string elements -- that are created in the LOH. This is more evident in CDB/SOS: 0:000> .loadby sos mscorwks 0:000> !EEHeap -gc Number of GC Heaps: 1 generation 0 starts at 0x00f7a9b0 generation 1 starts at 0x00e79c3c generation 2 starts at 0x00b21000 ephemeral segment allocation context: none segment begin allocated size 00b20000 00b21000 010029bc 0x004e19bc(5118396) Large object heap starts at 0x01b21000 segment begin allocated size 01b20000 01b21000 01b8ade0 0x00069de0(433632) Total Size 0x54b79c(5552028) ------------------------------ GC Heap Size 0x54b79c(5552028) Taking a dump of the LOH segment reveals the pattern I saw in the leaking application: 0:000> !DumpHeap 01b21000 01b8ade0 ... 01b8a120 793040bc 528 01b8a330 00175e88 16 Free 01b8a340 793040bc 528 01b8a550 00175e88 16 Free 01b8a560 793040bc 528 01b8a770 00175e88 16 Free 01b8a780 793040bc 528 01b8a990 00175e88 16 Free 01b8a9a0 793040bc 528 01b8abb0 00175e88 16 Free 01b8abc0 793040bc 528 01b8add0 00175e88 16 Free total 1568 objects Statistics: MT Count TotalSize Class Name 00175e88 784 12544 Free 793040bc 784 421088 System.Object[] Total 1568 objects Note that the object array size is 528 (rather than 1056) because my workstation is 32 bit and the application server is 64 bit. The object arrays are still 128 elements long. So the moral to this story is to be very careful interning. If the string you are interning is not known to be a member of a finite set then your application will leak due to fragmentation of the LOH, at least in version 2 of the CLR. In our application's case, there is general code in the deserialisation code path that interns entity identifiers during unmarshalling: I now strongly suspect this is the culprit. However, the developer's intentions were obviously good as they wanted to make sure that if the same entity is deserialised multiple times then only one instance of the identifier string will be maintained in memory.

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  • C# Design How to Elegantly wrap a DAL class

    - by guazz
    I have an application which uses MyGeneration's dOODads ORM to generate it's Data Access Layer. dOODad works by generating a persistance class for each table in the database. It works like so: // Load and Save Employees emps = new Employees(); if(emps.LoadByPrimaryKey(42)) { emps.LastName = "Just Got Married"; emps.Save(); } // Add a new record Employees emps = new Employees(); emps.AddNew(); emps.FirstName = "Mr."; emps.LastName = "dOOdad"; emps.Save(); // After save the identity column is already here for me. int i = emps.EmployeeID; // Dynamic Query - All Employees with 'A' in thier last name Employees emps = new Employees(); emps.Where.LastName.Value = "%A%"; emps.Where.LastName.Operator = WhereParameter.Operand.Like; emps.Query.Load(); For the above example(i.e. Employees DAL object) I would like to know what is the best method/technique to abstract some of the implementation details on my classes. I don't believe that an Employee class should have Employees(the DAL) specifics in its methods - or perhaps this is acceptable? Is it possible to implement some form of repository pattern? Bear in mind that this is a high volume, perfomacne critical application. Thanks, j

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  • mysql - query group/concat question??

    - by tom smith
    I have a situation where I return results with mutiple rows. I'm looking for aw way to return a single row, with the multiple items in separate cols within the row. My initial query: SELECT a.name, a.city, a.address, a.abbrv, b.urltype, b.url FROM jos__universityTBL as a LEFT JOIN jos__university_urlTBL as b on b.universityID = a.ID WHERE a.stateVAL = 'CA' ...my output: | University Of Southern Califor | Los Angeles | | usc | 2 | http://web-app.usc.edu/ws/soc/api/ | | University Of Southern Califor | Los Angeles | | usc | 4 | http://web-app.usc.edu/ws/soc/api/ | | University Of Southern Califor | Los Angeles | | usc | 1 | www.usc.edu | | San Jose State University | San Jose | | sjsu | 2 | http://info.sjsu.edu/home/schedules.html | | San Jose State University | San Jose | | sjsu | 4 | https://cmshr.sjsu.edu/psp/HSJPRDF/EMPLOYEE/HSJPRD/c/COMMUNITY_ACCESS.CLASS_SEARCH.GBL?FolderPath=PORTAL_ROOT_OBJECT.PA_HC_CLASS_SEARCH | | San Jose State University | San Jose | | sjsu | 1 | www.sjsu.edu My tbl schema... mysql> describe jos_universityTBL; +----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | name | varchar(50) | NO | UNI | | | | repos_dir_name | varchar(50) | NO | | | | | city | varchar(20) | YES | | | | | stateVAL | varchar(5) | NO | | | | | address | varchar(50) | NO | | | | | abbrv | varchar(20) | NO | | | | | childtbl | varchar(200) | NO | | | | | userID | int(10) | NO | | 0 | | | ID | int(10) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | +----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> describe jos_university_urlTBL; +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | universityID | int(10) | NO | | 0 | | | urltype | int(5) | NO | | 0 | | | url | varchar(200) | NO | MUL | | | | actionID | int(5) | YES | | 0 | | | status | int(5) | YES | | 0 | | | ID | int(10) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) I'm really trying to get something like: |<<the concated urltype-url >>| ucs | losangeles | usc.edu | 1-u1 | 2-u2 | 3-u2 | Any pointers would be helpful!

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  • HTML text input and using the input as a variable in a script(tcl)/sql(sqlite)

    - by Fantastic Fourier
    Hello all, I'm very VERY new at this whole web thing. And I'm just very confused in general. Basically, what I want to do is take an input via text using HTML and adding that input to database, table trans. Should be simple but I am lost. <li>Transaction Number</li> <li><input type=|text| name=|tnumber| </li> // do i need to use value? <li>Employee Name</li> <li><input type=|text| name=|ename| </li> <li><input type=|SUBMIT| value=|Add|></li> ...... ...... sqlite3 db $::env(ROOT)/database.db mb eval {INSERT INTO trans VALUES ($tnumber, $ename} mb close They are both in a same file and there are only two fields to the database to keep things simple. What I can see here is that tnumber and ename aren't declared as variables. So how do I do that so that the text input is assigned to respective variables?

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  • Contact-to-hire from the perspective of the headhunter agency?

    - by jamieb
    I operate a small IT consulting firm. One of my clients has expressed an interest in having an ASP.Net programmer on-site at their location for a six-month contract, with an option to hire. I've never really operated my company as a body shop (renting out talent for the long term) and an unfamiliar with how to price my quote. Assume I were to bring on a new developer as a 1099'ed contractor and then contract that person out to my client for the duration of the project. If I'm billing my client $X per hour for this developer's time, what should I be compensating this developer? $X/2 per hour? What's the typical ratio? If the client decides to hire this person at the end of the contract, what should I be compensated? Is it a flat finders fee, or maybe a function of the developer's annual salary? Would there be any advantage to actually hiring the person as a 1040'd employee rather than a 1099 contractor even if I can't offer him benefits? I know other body shops (like Robert Half) do this and never understood why.

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  • Using an existing IQueryable to create a new dynamic IQueryable

    - by dnoxs
    I have a query as follows: var query = from x in context.Employees where (x.Salary > 0 && x.DeptId == 5) || x.DeptId == 2 order by x.Surname select x; The above is the original query and returns let's say 1000 employee entities. I would now like to use the first query to deconstruct it and recreate a new query that would look like this: var query = from x in context.Employees where ((x.Salary > 0 && x.DeptId == 5) || x.DeptId == 2) && (x,i) i % 10 == 0 order by x.Surname select x.Surname; This query would return 100 surnames. The syntax is probably incorrect, but what I need to do is attach an additional where clause and modify the select to a single field. I've been looking into the ExpressionVisitor but I'm not entirely sure how to create a new query based on an existing query. Any guidance would be appreciated. Thanks you.

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  • Adapt beginner C# SQL Server INSERT example to work with my database

    - by Mike Bertelsen
    I have read TONS of tutorials, articles and whatever regarding my issue and honestly, due to my lack of experience I can't twist my fingers around this one so I hope some of you guys can help me out :) I am working on a project (simply to learn how to program so it's probably very basic), but I have this "News" page where I can update and delete data using a GridView. Now I would like to INSERT something into my database using 3 textboxes and 1 submit button. I have 3 rows that has to be inserted: Headline Date Content/the news itself. Which are stored under NyhedTB from the connectionstring: BoligStjernenConnectionString My query looks like this: INSERT INTO [NyhedTB] ([NyhedDato], [NyhedTitel], [NyhedTekst]) VALUES (@NyhedDato, @NyhedTitel, @NyhedTekst) I read on the internet that this code should do the magic for me (I will have to insert my own values ofc.): static void Insert() { try { string connectionString = "server=.;" + "initial catalog=employee;" + "user id=sa;" + "password=sa123"; using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { conn.Open(); using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("INSERT INTO EmployeeDetails VALUES(" + "@Id, @Name, @Address)", conn)) { cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Id", 1); cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Name", "Amal Hashim"); cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Address", "Bangalore"); int rows = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); //rows number of record got inserted } } } catch (SqlException ex) { //Log exception //Display Error message } } I looked at this code and thought it should be easy enough but really, I can't figure it out.

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