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• how do I write a functional specification quickly and efficiently

  - by giddy

  So I just read some fabulous articles by Joel on specs here. (Was written in 2000!!) I read all 4 parts, but Im looking for some methodical approaches to writing my specs. Im the only lonely dev, working on this fairly complicated app (or family of apps) for a very well known finance company. I've never made something this serious, I started out writing something like a bad spec, an overview of some sorts, and it has wasted a LOT of my time. Ive also made 3 mockup-kinda-thingies for my client so I have a good understanding of what they want. Also released a preview (a throw away working app with the most basic workflow), and Ive only written and tested some of the very core/base systems. I think the mistake Ive been making so far is not writing a detailed spec, so Im getting to it now. So the whole thing comprises of An MVC website (for admins & data viewing) 2 Silverlight modules (For 2 specific tasks) 1 Desktop Application Im totally short on time, resources and need to get this done quick, also, need to make sure these guys read it up equally quick and painlessly. So how do I go about it, Im looking for any tips, any real world stuff, how do you guys usually do it? Do you make a mock screenie of every dialog/form/page? Im thinking of making a dummy asp.net web forms project, then filling in html files in folders and making it look like my mvc url structure. Then having a section in the spec for the website and write up a page for every URL Ive got with a screenie. For my win forms app, Ive made somewhat of a demo Win Form project, would I then put in a dialog or stucture everything as I would in the real app and then screen shot it?

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• Determine whether a link points to a file on local host or foreign domain [migrated]

  - by user107157

  This has been a burning question for me ever since and I think it's interesting enough to discuss it on the forums. As most will know, in websites we include anchor links, stylesheets, script files (javascript) and images. For anchor links we use the form <a href="..." /> For stylesheets we may use the form <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="..." /> For javascript we may use <script src="..." /> For images we use <img src="..." /> So, the question is this: How do we know that what is in the link pointer (i.e. replacing the ... in each example) is a local file or a foreign entity? To make it clear, lets say I create a local file named "ashish.com". Now, my purpose is to create a link so that anybody who clicks on it may download it. So, my code would be thus: <a href="ashish.com">Download It</a> But this makes it ambiguous. I could also be referring to a website named "ashish.com" So, how does the computer magically know which one I mean? Or does it even know this? What would happen in such a scenario?

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• Shuffling algorithm with no "self-mapping"?

  - by OregonTrail

  To randomly shuffle an array, with no bias towards any particular permutation, there is the Knuth Fischer-Yeats algorithm. In Python: #!/usr/bin/env python import sys from random import randrange def KFYShuffle(items): i = len(items) - 1 while i > 0: j = randrange(i+1) # 0 <= j <= i items[j], items[i] = items[i], items[j] i = i - 1 return items print KFYShuffle(range(int(sys.argv[1]))) There is also Sattolo's algorithm, which produces random cycles. In Python: #!/usr/bin/env python import sys from random import randrange def SattoloShuffle(items): i = len(items) while i > 1: i = i - 1 j = randrange(i) # 0 <= j <= i-1 items[j], items[i] = items[i], items[j] return items print SattoloShuffle(range(int(sys.argv[1]))) I'm currently writing a simulation with the following specifications for a shuffling algorithm: The algorithm is unbiased. If a true random number generator was used, no permutation would be more likely than any other. No number ends up at its original index. The input to the shuffle will always be A[i] = i for i from 0 to N-1 Permutations are produced that are not cycles, but still meet specification 2. The cycles produced by Sattolo's algorithm meet specification 2, but not specification 1 or 3. I've been working at creating an algorithm that meets these specifications, what I came up with was equivalent to Sattolo's algorithm. Does anyone have an algorithm for this problem?

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• How to design a scalable notification system?

  - by Trent

  I need to write a notification system manager. Here is my requirements: I need to be able to send a Notification on different platforms, which may be totally different (for exemple, I need to be able to send either an SMS or an E-mail). Sometimes the notification may be the same for all recipients for a given platform, but sometimes it may be a notification per recipients (or several) per platform. Each notification can contain platform specific payload (for exemple an MMS can contains a sound or an image). The system need to be scalable, I need to be able to send a very large amount of notification without crashing either the application or the server. It is a two step process, first a customer may type a message and choose a platform to send to, and the notification(s) should be created to be processed either real-time either later. Then the system needs to send the notification to the platform provider. For now, I end up with some though but I don't know how scalable it will be or if it is a good design. I've though of the following objects (in a pseudo language): a generic Notification object: class Notification { String $message; Payload $payload; Collection<Recipient> $recipients; } The problem with the following objects is what if I've 1.000.000 recipients ? Even if the Recipient object is very small, it'll take too much memory. I could also create one Notification per recipient, but some platform providers requires me to send it in batch, meaning I need to define one Notification with several Recipients. Each created notification could be stored in a persistent storage like a DB or Redis. Would it be a good it to aggregate this later to make sure it is scalable? On the second step, I need to process this notification. But how could I distinguish the notification to the right platform provider? Should I use an object like MMSNotification extending an abstract Notification? or something like Notification.setType('MMS')? To allow to process a lot of notification at the same time, I think a messaging queue system like RabbitMQ may be the right tool. Is it? It would allow me to queue a lot of notification and have several worker to pop notification and process them. But what if I need to batch the recipients as seen above? Then I imagine a NotificationProcessor object for which I could I add NotificationHandler each NotificationHandler would be in charge to connect the platform provider and perform notification. I can also use an EventManager to allow pluggable behavior. Any feedbacks or ideas? Thanks for giving your time. Note: I'm used to work in PHP and it is likely the language of my choice.

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• New to Java and Spring. What are some good design principles for an inexperienced java developer like me?

  - by Imtiaz Ahmad

  I am learning Java and have written a few small useful programs. I am new to spring but have managed to understand the concept of dependency injection for decoupling. I'm trying to applying that in my development work in an enterprise setting. What are the 3 most important design patterns I should master (not for interview purposes but ones that I will use every day in as a good java developer)? Also what are some good java design considerations and practices in coding specifically in Java? My goal is write good decoupled and coherent programs that are easy to maintain that don't make me standout as a java rookie. Stuff like not beginning my package names with com. have already made me precariously visible in my team. But they know I have 2 years of coding experience and its not in java.

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• How to become a better programmer in 2011?

  - by Anish Patel

  Not strictly a Stack Overflow thing, but I thought I'd get it out there and ask the question. What are you as a programmer going to do to improve in 2011? The things I am planning to do are as follows: Learn Functional Programming Write 100 blog posts Take a bunch of Microsoft exams (70-433, 70-511, 70-513, 70-515, 70-516, 70-518, 70-519) Contribute to an open source project Lets hope the motivation lasts all year!

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• Additional useful skill?

  - by Sergey

  Almost each language has some additional technology or skill or whatever which can work in a pair with it but still be something fresh. For example, Java + Flex. It's a good pair - those who learn Java and want something both useful and new may try Flex. What are "pairs" for the most popular languages(Java, C#, C++, etc.)? PS: Most people advise learning functional programming as an additional skill but this is very fuzzy. They talk about such abstract things as wide programming perspective and other things, but you can hardly say whether these functional skills will be really needed. Yeah, maybe some basics of it can be useful, but serious learning of LISP seems not perspective.

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• Coded ui to measure performance

  - by Mike Weber

  I have been tasked with using coded UI to measure performance on a proprietary windows desktop application. The need is to measure how long it takes for the next page/screen to display after a user clicks on a control. For example - a user enters their ID and PW and clicks sign-in. The need is to measure how long it takes for the next screen to display when the user clicks the sign-in button. I understand the need to define what indicates the screen is loaded and ready for use. One approach is to use control.WaitForControlReady and use BeginTimer/EndTimer. Is coded ui a dependable and accurate way of measuring time? Is WaitForControlReady the best method to determine when a control is ready for use?

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• Critique of the IO monad being viewed as a state monad operating on the world

  - by Petr Pudlák

  The IO monad in Haskell is often explained as a state monad where the state is the world. So a value of type IO a monad is viewed as something like worldState -> (a, worldState). Some time ago I read an article (or a blog/mailing list post) that criticized this view and gave several reasons why it's not correct. But I cannot remember neither the article nor the reasons. Anybody knows? Edit: The article seems lost, so let's start gathering various arguments here. I'm starting a bounty to make things more interesting.

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• Case Class naming convention

  - by KChaloux

  In my recent adventures in Scala, I've found case classes to be a really nice alternative to enums when I need to include a bit of logic or several values with them. I often find myself writing structures that look like this, however: object Foo{ case class Foo(name: String, value: Int, other: Double) val BAR = Foo("bar", 1, 1.0) val BAZ = Foo("baz", 2, 1.5) val QUUX = Foo("quux", 3, 1.75) } I'm primarily worried here about the naming of the object and the case class. Since they're the same thing, I end up with Foo.Foo to get to the inner class. Would it be wise to name the case class something along the lines of FooCase instead? I'm not sure if the potential ambiguity might mess with the type system if I have to do anything with subtypes or inheritance.

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• What to use for simple cross-platform games instead of Flash?

  - by jmh_gr

  In short, for simple games: Is Flash still a good option for browser-based PC clients? It still has 90%+ penetration. What is a good alternative for mobile devices? It HTML5 + JavaScript the choice for mobile? Or does one have to learn a new native language for each target platform? (Android, Apple, Windows Phone)... If you desire further background: There are more blogs about the official demise of mobile Flash than I can count, along with endless useless and vitriolic comments. I'm actually trying to do something practical: build simple games that can be served accross multiple platforms. Several months ago I plopped down $1100 for CS5.5 Web and am wading into Flash. Bummer. My question to people who actually develop simple games and apps: What platform should I use instead? Is Flash still a sensible platform for web-served PC users? For example, let's say I build a simple arcade game that I would like to serve as an app to mobile users and as a browser-based game to PC users. Should I still invest the time and effort to learn and develop in Flash for the PC users, while building a parallel code set in some other language for mobile users? My games are simple enough that it would be annoying but not inconceivable to maintain parallel code sets.

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• Moving Forward with Code Iteration

  - by rcapote

  There are times when working on my programming projects, and I get to a point where I'm ready to move on to the next part of my program. However, when I sit down to implement this new feature I get stuck, in a sense. It's not that I don't know how to implement the feature, it's that I get stuck on figuring out the best way to implement said feature. So I sit back for a day or two and let the ideas ferment until I am comfortable with a design. I get worried that I may not write something as well as it could be, or that I might have to go back and rework the whole thing; so I put it off. This is a big reason why I've never really finished many personal projects. Anyone else experience this, and how do you keep your self moving forward in your project?

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• Simple task framework - building software from reusable pieces

  - by RuslanD

  I'm writing a web service with several APIs, and they will be sharing some of the implementation code. In order not to copy-paste, I would like to ideally implement each API call as a series of tasks, which are executed in a sequence determined by the business logic. One obvious question is whether that's the best strategy for code reuse, or whether I can look at it in a different way. But assuming I want to go with tasks, several issues arise: What's a good task interface to use? How do I pass data computed in one task to another task in the sequence that might need it? In the past, I've worked with task interfaces like: interface Task<T, U> { U execute(T input); } Then I also had sort of a "task context" object which had getters and setters for any kind of data my tasks needed to produce or consume, and it gets passed to all tasks. I'm aware that this suffers from a host of problems. So I wanted to figure out a better way to implement it this time around. My current idea is to have a TaskContext object which is a type-safe heterogeneous container (as described in Effective Java). Each task can ask for an item from this container (task input), or add an item to the container (task output). That way, tasks don't need to know about each other directly, and I don't have to write a class with dozens of methods for each data item. There are, however, several drawbacks: Each item in this TaskContext container should be a complex type that wraps around the actual item data. If task A uses a String for some purpose, and task B uses a String for something entirely different, then just storing a mapping between String.class and some object doesn't work for both tasks. The other reason is that I can't use that kind of container for generic collections directly, so they need to be wrapped in another object. This means that, based on how many tasks I define, I would need to also define a number of classes for the task items that may be consumed or produced, which may lead to code bloat and duplication. For instance, if a task takes some Long value as input and produces another Long value as output, I would have to have two classes that simply wrap around a Long, which IMO can spiral out of control pretty quickly as the codebase evolves. I briefly looked at workflow engine libraries, but they kind of seem like a heavy hammer for this particular nail. How would you go about writing a simple task framework with the following requirements: Tasks should be as self-contained as possible, so they can be composed in different ways to create different workflows. That being said, some tasks may perform expensive computations that are prerequisites for other tasks. We want to have a way of storing the results of intermediate computations done by tasks so that other tasks can use those results for free. The task framework should be light, i.e. growing the code doesn't involve introducing many new types just to plug into the framework.

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• Use a partial in a partial?

  - by Greg Wallace

  I'm a Rails newbie, so bear with me. I have a few places, some pages, some partials that use: <%= link_to "delete", post, method: :delete, data: { confirm: "You sure?" }, title: post.content %> Would it make sense to make this a partial since it is used repeatedly, sometimes in other partials too? Is it o.k. to put partials in partials?

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• Designing javascript chart library

  - by coolscitist

  I started coding a chart library on top of d3js: My chart library. I read Javascript API reusability and Towards reusable charts. However, I am NOT really following the suggestions because I am not really convinced about them. This is how my library can be used to create a bubble chart: var chart = new XYBubbleChart(); chart.data = [{"xValue":200,"yValue":300},{"xValue":400,"yValue":200},{"xValue":100,"yValue":310}]; //set data chart.dataKey.x = "xValue"; chart.dataKey.y = "yValue"; chart.elementId = "#chart"; chart.createChart(); Here are my questions: It does not use chaining. Is it a big issue? Every property and function is exposed publicly. (Example: width, height are exposed in Chart.js). OOP is all about abstraction and hiding, but I don't really see the point right now. I think exposing everything gives flexibility to change property and functionality inside subclasses and objects without writing a lot of code. What could be pitfalls of such exposure? I have implemented functions like: zooming, "showing info boxes when data point is clicked" as "abilities". (example: XYZoomingAbility.js). Basically, such "abilities" accept "chart" object, play around with public variables of "chart" to add functionality. What this allows me to do is to add an ability by writing: activateZoomAbility(chartObject); My goal is to separate "visualization" from "interactivity". I want "interactivity" like: zooming to be plugged into the chart rather than built inside the chart. Like, I don't want my bubble chart to know anything about "zooming". However, I do want zoomable bubble chart. What is the best way to do this? How to test and what to test? I have written mixed tests: jasmine and actual html files so that I can test manually on browser.

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• Real-world use cases for Smalltalk

  - by Andrea Spadaccini

  Hello, I've been playing a bit with Smalltalk, and I found it interesting. I know that there are some classical examples of Smalltalk: the Smalltalk images themselves and the Seaside web framework, and that there are lots of in-house custom applications built using this language. I'd like to know if: there are computer applications actively used and developed apart from the ones I mentioned. there are software houses that use Smalltalk for doing their job when would you use Smalltalk instead of another language for developing from scratch a new application

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• Oral Tradition Check: Two Hundred Meanings for "NULL" in SQL

  - by Thomas L Holaday

  Two decades ago, the topic of "NULL" came up in conversation with a scholarly colleague. As I remember it, he said that C.J.Date, in an essay critical of commercial implementations of SQL, had listed over two hundred meanings for NULL. To my regret, I did not persist the details; but finding that list has since been on my Bucket List. Has anyone else heard this legend? Was it perhaps not Date, but another critic of commercial implementations of SQL?

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• Design Code Outside of an IDE (C#)?

  - by ryanzec

  Does anyone design code outside of an IDE? I think that code design is great and all but the only place I find myself actually design code (besides in my head) is in the IDE itself. I generally think about it a little before hand but when I go to type it out, it is always in the IDE; no UML or anything like that. Now I think having UML of your code is really good because you are able to see a lot more of the code on one screen however the issue I have is that once I type it in UML, I then have to type the actual code and that is just a big duplicate for me. For those who work with C# and design code outside of Visual Studio (or at least outside Visual Studio's text editor), what tools do you use? Do those tools allow you to convert your design to actual skeleton code? It is also possible to convert code to the design (when you update the code and need an updated UML diagram or whatnot)?

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• Software Design for Product Verticals and Service Verticals

  - by Rachel

  In every industry there are two verticals Product Vertical and Service Vertical, so my question is: How does design approach changes while designing Software for Product Vertical as compared to developing Software for Service Vertical ? What are the pros and cons for each case ? Also, in case of Product Vertical, How you go about designing Product or Features and what are steps involved ? Lastly, I was reading How Facebook Ships Code article and it appears that Product Managers have very little influence on how Product is developed and responsibility lies mainly with the Developer for the feature. So is this good practice and why one would go for this approach ? What would be your comment on this kind of approach ?

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• Being prepared for a code review as a developer?

  - by Karthik Sreenivasan

  I am looking for some ideas here. I read the article How should code reviews be Carried Out and Code Reviews, what are the advantages? which were very informative but I still need more clarity on the question below. My Question is, Being the target developer, can you suggest some best practices a developer can incorporate before his code is going get reviewed. Currently I practice the following methods PPT for a logical flow Detailed comments. Issue: Even though I have implemented the above practices, they do not help on the review. The problem I faced is, when certain logic is referred, I keep searching for the implementation and the flow and too much time is wasted in the process and I get on people’s nerve. I think a lot of developers would be going through what I am going through as well.

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• Sub routing in a SPA site

  - by Anders

  I have a SPA site that I'm working on, I have a requirement that you can have subroutes for a page view model. Im currently using this 'pattern' for the site MyApp.FooViewModel = MyApp.define({ meta: { query: MyApp.Core.Contracts.Queries.FooQuery, title: "Foo" }, init: function (queryResult) { }, prototype: { } }); In the master view model I have a route table this.navigation(new MyApp.RoutesViewModel({ Home: { model: MyApp.HomeViewModel, route: String.empty }, Foo: { model: MyApp.FooViewModel } })); The meta object defines which query should populate the top level view model when its invoked through sammyjs, this is all fine but it does not support sub routing My plan is to change the meta object so that it can (optional offcourse) look like this meta: { query: MyApp.Core.Contracts.Queries.FooQuery, title: "Foo", route: { barId: MyApp.BarViewModel } } When sammyjs detects a barId in the query string the Barmodel will be executed and populated through its own meta object. Is this a good design?

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• Is the term "web portal" obselete?

  - by John Hamelink

  Firstly, sorry if this is the wrong place: I've looked at all the programming-related boards and this one seems like the best fit - correct me if I'm wrong. My boss uses the term "portal" for the project I work on all the time. To me, the word makes me think of Yahoo in the late 90s. Does the word "portal" have old-school connotations, or is it just me? Do you think it's ok to use it, and not drag our client's perception of the product down into the middle-ages? Or again, am I just being weird?

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• Does TDD lead to the good design?

  - by Eugen Martynov

  I'm in transition from "writing unit tests" state to TDD. I saw as Johannes Brodwall creates quite acceptable design from avoiding any of architecture phase before. I'll ask him soon if it was real improvisation or he had some thoughts upfront. I also clearly understand that everyone has experience that prevents to write explicit design bad patterns. But after participating in code retreat I hardly believe that writing test first could save us from mistakes. But I also believe that tests after code will lead to mistakes much faster. So this night question is asking for people who is using TDD for a long time share their experience about results of design without upfront thinking. If they really practice it and get mostly suitable design. Or it's my small understanding about TDD and probably agile.

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• Test interface implementation

  - by Michael

  I have a interface in our code base that I would like to be able to mock out for unit testing. I am writing a test implementation to allow the individual tests to be able to override the specific methods they are concerned with rather than implementing every method. I've run into a quandary over how the test implementation should behave if the test fails to override a method used by the method under test. Should I return a "non-value" (0, null) in the test implementation or throw a UnsupportedOperationException to explicitly fail the test?

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• How do I handle 3rd party search result data (via cache)

  - by reikyoushin

  I have a search function on my site and it is taking data from 6 different 3rd party resources. The problem is, it takes too long requesting the data over and over again on the results page. I've read for questions like this on SO about session not being a good choice but for me 'memcache' is not an option, because the server doesn't have memcached installed and I have no way to install it now. Is there any other approach to do this? Storing in the database seem inappropriate because the data depends on the search terms requested. What I've been thinking is writing a file on the server that would act as a cache for this file but I don't know how I would know when to delete it after.

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