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• High level vs. low level programming. Do I really have to choose?

  - by EpsilonVector

  Every once in a while I'm asked in interviews which I like the best- low level or high level. It seems to me that the implicit message is that they are both a specialty and they want to know which direction I'm heading. The trouble is, I seem to like both. Low level is extremely challenging and often requires a great deal of esoteric knowledge. High level is where all the sexy things happen: applications that people use directly, results that can be easily demonstrated (showed off) in a way that is accessible to everybody, and you get to work with really advanced tools and interact with new technologies. I would really love to do both, even if it means alternating between them (I doubt there are jobs that will let me do both simultaneously), but I'm guessing that the industry rewards specialists more than generalists. Will it really be problematic career wise if I never choose one over the other? Is it practical to alternate between the two in the sense that if I were to leave a job doing one of them, I should experience no "friction" trying to get a job doing the other (assuming I'm reasonably in the loop)? Are there career opportunities where you get to do both? Do I really have to choose one over the other?

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• Codeigniter + JQuery + Processing.js to replace a Delphi App

  - by Peter Turner

  So, I've got a mandate to make our aged trillion lined Delphi app web based and it needs to make heavy use of the <canvas> element (HTML5 compatibility doesn't seem to be a big issue since we can just make our clients use a compatible browser the way we'd make them use a compatible version of Windows in the win32 environment). The Delphi app in question is almost completely database driven and will still pretty much continue to be developed as the main product. What I am tasked with is pretty much recreating a scaled down version of the program that performs the major functions of the whole program. I couldn't find any frameworks that simulate windows forms using the canvas element, I'm assuming this is probably by design since it is easier just to use HTML, well, be that as it may, I still think it would be cool to have a few of my cool controls on the web (TRichView and TVirtualTree, etc...) So my question is, to anyone who has tried this before, A.) What can we use for an IDE to code this web app (I just use emacs, but no one else in my company does)? B.) Is it a good idea to mix PHP and Processing.JS? It seems like I'm using a lot of AJAX to get anything to happen. 3 calls just for one dialog box to pop up, Loads the HTML for the dialog, Loads the XML to populate the database info on the form Loads the processing.js PJS file which draws the database info to the canvas. Is three a lot, do people usually combine all their gets into one?

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• I'm an experienced PHP programmer, how would it be for me to learn and use Django and Ruby on Rails?

  - by João Paulo Apolinário Passos

  I'm an experienced PHP programmer, I still have lots to learn but I consider myself experienced. I sometimes use pure PHP and sometimes some framework like CodeIgniter. I always wanted to learn new technologies like Python and Ruby, and their best frameworks for web are Django and Ruby on Rails, but I want to ask to persons like me who migrated from PHP to some of this technologies if is it worth it; Thank you

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• C++ - Constructor or Initialize Method to Startup

  - by Bob Fincheimer

  I want to determine when to do non-trivial initialization of a class. I see two times to do initialization: constructor and other method. I want to figure out when to use each. Choice 1: Constructor does initialization MyClass::MyClass(Data const& data) : m_data() { // does non-trivial initialization here } MyClass::~MyClass() { // cleans up here } Choice 2: Defer initialization to an initialize method MyClass::MyClass() : m_data() {} MyClass::Initialize(Data const& data) { // does non-trivial initialization here } MyClass::~MyClass() { // cleans up here } So to try and remove any subjectivity I want to figure out which is better in a couple of situations: Class that encapsulates a resource (window/font/some sort of handle) Class that composites resources to do something (a control/domain object) Data structure classes (tree/list/etc.) [Anything else you can think of] Things to analyze: Performance Ease of use by other developers How error-prone/opportunities for bugs [Anything else you can think of]

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• How can I read data from a generated pointcloud, but from an other perspective of the camera? [migrated]

  - by Vlad Lata

  Basically what I'm trying to do is as follows: I have a software that generates and shows a pointcloud by analyzing Time-of-Flight data (Z-Data). This software has a GUI that delivers this pointcloud on a grid, and you can watch it and adjust the camera to change the perspective, or apply filtering to it and so on. Since the Z-data was recorder through a stereoscopic system, I want to obtain a perspective transformation. My idea was to simply change the position of the camera in the GUI and than add a button that sais (ex. New Perspective) that calls a function that would measure the distances from the existing pointcloud to the camera I'm viewing it from. Of course this would generate some occluded areas, but I want this to happen. And now the main question is: How can I do that? Are there any functions in OpenGL that measure the distance from an object to a camera, or is it even possible to do something like his? Or has someone some other idea? P.S. The software uses the qt sdk and opengl

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• Architecture for interfacing multiple applications

  - by Erwin

  Let's say you have a Master Database and a few External/Internal applications that use WebServices to interface data. What would be your preferred architecture to interface data from and to those applications? Would you put some sort of Enterprise Service Bus in between? Like BizTalk? Or something cheaper? We don't want to block applications while they are interfacing, but we do want to use return codes from the interfaces to determine if we need to take some actions in the originating application or not.

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• How much PHP do I need to know to use AJAX?

  - by user1146440

  Hi I am interested in learning to create AJAX calls with Javascript.I already know Javascript and I would like to learn PHP at some point but at the moment I know nothing about it and I don't have the time to learn the full language. How much PHP do I need to know to be able to do AJAX calls? Can someone recommend me some good resources to get familiar with what I need to learn from PHP so I can learn AJAX.I am planing on starting to read AJAX and PHP: Building Modern Web Applications 2nd Edition but I think I need to know some basic PHP.

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• MVC Pattern, ViewModels, Location of conversion.

  - by Pino

  I've been working with ASP.Net MVC for around a year now and have created my applications in the following way. X.Web - MVC Application Contains Controller and Views X.Lib - Contains Data Access, Repositories and Services. This allows us to drop the .Lib into any application that requires it. At the moment we are using Entity Framework, the conversion from EntityO to a more specific model is done in the controller. This set-up means if a service method returns an EntityO and then the Controller will do a conversion before the data is passed to a view. I'm interested to know if I should move the conversion to the Service so that the app doesn't have Entity Objects being passed around.

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• How to Properly Make use of Codeigniter's HMVC

  - by Branden Stilgar Sueper

  I have been having problems wrapping my brain around how to properly utilize the modular extension for Codeigniter. From what I understand, modules should be entirely independent of one another so I can work on one module and not have to worry about what module my teammate is working on. I am building a frontend and a backend to my site, and am having confusion about how I should structure my applications. The first part of my question is should I use the app root controllers to run modules, or should users go directly to the modules by urls? IE: in my welcome.php public function index() { $this->data['blog'] = Modules::run( 'blog' ); $this->data['main'] = Modules::run( 'random_image' ); $this->load->view('v_template', $this->data); } public function calendar() { $this->data['blog'] = Modules::run( 'blog' ); $this->data['main'] = Modules::run( 'calendar' ); $this->load->view('v_template', $this->data); } My second part of the question is should I create separate front/back end module folders -config -controllers welcome.php -admin admin.php -core -helpers -hooks -language -libraries -models -modules-back -dashboard -logged_in -login -register -upload_images -delete_images -modules-front -blog -calendar -random_image -search -views v_template.php -admin av_template.php Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Python Coding standards vs. productivity

  - by Shroatmeister

  I work for a large humanitarian organisation, on a project building software that could help save lives in emergencies by speeding up the distribution of food. Many NGOs desperately need our software and we are weeks behind schedule. One thing that worries me in this project is what I think is an excessive focus on coding standards. We write in python/django and use a version of PEP0008, with various modifications e.g. line lengths can go up to 160 chars and all lines should go that long if possible, no blank lines between imports, line wrapping rules that apply only to certain kinds of classes, lots of templates that we must use, even if they aren't the best way to solve a problem etc. etc. One core dev spent a week rewriting a major part of the system to meet the then new coding standards, throwing away several suites of tests in the process, as the rewrite meant they were 'invalid'. We spent two weeks rewriting all the functionality that was lost, and fixing bugs. He is the lead dev and his word carries weight, so he has convinced the project manager that these standards are necessary. The junior devs do as they are told. I sense that the project manager has a strong feeling of cognitive dissonance about all this but nevertheless agrees with it vehemently as he feels unsure what else to do. Today I got in serious trouble because I had forgotten to put some spaces after commas in a keyword argument. I was literally shouted at by two other devs and the project manager during a Skype call. Personally I think coding standards are important but also think that we are wasting a lot of time obsessing with them, and when I verbalized this it provoked rage. I'm seen as a troublemaker in the team, a team that is looking for scapegoats for its failings. Since the introduction of the coding standards, the team's productivity has measurably plummeted, however this only reinforces the obsession, i.e. the lead dev simply blames our non-adherence to standards for the lack of progress. He believes that we can't read each other's code if we don't adhere to the conventions. This is starting to turn sticky. Now I am trying to modify various scripts, autopep8, pep8ify and PythonTidy to try to match the conventions. We also run pep8 against source code but there are so many implicit amendments to our standard that it's hard to track them all. The lead dev simple picks faults that the pep8 script doesn't pick up and shouts at us in the next stand-up meeting. Every week there are new additions to the coding standards that force us to rewrite existing, working, tested code. Thank heavens we still have tests, (I reverted some commits and fixed a bunch of the ones he removed). All the while there is increasing pressure to meet the deadline. I believe a fundamental issue is that the lead dev and another core dev refuse to trust other developers to do their job. But how to deal with that? We can't do our job because we are too busy rewriting everything. I've never encountered this dynamic in a software engineering team. Am I wrong to question their adherence to coding standards? Has anyone else experienced a similar situation and how have they dealt with it successfully? (I'm not looking for a discussion just actual solutions people have found)

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• Proper Data Structure for Commentable Comments

  - by Wesley

  Been struggling with this on an architectural level. I have an object which can be commented on, let's call it a Post. Every post has a unique ID. Now I want to comment on that Post, and I can use ID as a foreign key, and each PostComment has an ItemID field which correlates to the Post. Since each Post has a unique ID, it is very easy to assign "Top Level" comments. When I comment on a comment however, I feel like I now need a PostCommentComment, which attaches to the ID of the PostComment. Since ID's are assigned sequentially, I can no longer simply use ItemID to differentiate where in the tree the comment is assigned. I.E. both a Post and a Post Comment might have an ID of '5', so my foreign key relationship is invalid. This seems like it could go on infinitely, with PostCommentCommentComment's etc... What's the best way to solve this? Should I have a field in the comment called "IsPostComment" or something of the like to know which collection to attach the ID to? This strikes me as the best solution I've seen so far, but now I feel like I need to make recursive DataBase calls which start to get expensive. Meaning, I get a Post and get all PostComments where ItemID == Post.ID && where IsPostComment == true Then I take that as a collection, gather all the ID's of the PostComments, and do another search where ItemID == PostComment[all].ID && where IsPostComment == false, then repeat infinitely. This means I make a call for every layer, and if I'm calling 100 Posts, I might make 1000 DB calls to get 10 layers of comments each. What is the right way to do this?

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• When do you call yourself a programmer

  - by benhowdle89

  "A programmer, computer programmer or coder is someone who writes computer software" from Wikipedia If you do frontend development using jQuery/CSS/HTML do you call yourself a programmer? If you develop PHP applications that deal with databases, do you call yourself a programmer? Are you only a programmer if you write applications for desktops and mobiles? Is the web a place where the line between developer and programmer stops?

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• Closest location - Heapify or Build-heap

  - by Trevor Adams

  So lets say we have a set of gps data points and your current location. If asked to give the closest point to your current location we can utilize a heap with the distance being the key. Now if we update the current location, I suspect that only a few of the keys will change enough to violate the heap property. Would it be more efficient to rebuild the heap after recalculating the keys or to run heapify (assuming that only a few of the keys have changed enough). It is assumed that we don't jump around with the new location (new current location is close to the last current location).

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• Examples of permission-based authorization systems in .Net?

  - by Rachel

  I'm trying to figure out how to do roles/permissions in our application, and I am wondering if anyone knows of a good place to get a list of different permission-based authorization systems (preferably with code samples) and perhaps a list of pros/cons for each method. I've seen examples using simple dictionaries, custom attributes, claims-based authorization, and custom frameworks, but I can't find a simple explanation of when to use one over another and what the pros/cons are to using each method. (I'm sure there's other ways than the ones I've listed....) I have never done anything complex with permissions/authorization before, so all of this seems a little overwhelming to me and I'm having trouble figuring out what what is useful information that I can use and what isn't. What I DO know is that this is for a Windows environment using C#/WPF and WCF services. Some permission checks are done on the WCF service and some on the client. Some are business rules, some are authorization checks, and others are UI-related (such as what forms a user can see). They can be very generic like boolean or numeric values, or they can be more complex such as a range of values or a list of database items to be checked/unchecked. Permissions can be set on the group-level, user-level, branch-level, or a custom level, so I do not want to use role-based authorization. Users can be in multiple groups, and users with the appropriate authorization are in charge of creating/maintaining these groups. It is not uncommon for new groups to be created, so they can't be hard-coded.

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• What design patterns are the worst or most narrowly defined?

  - by Akku

  For every programming project, Managers with past programming experience try to shine when they recommend some design patterns for your project. I like design patterns when they make sense or if you need a scalbale solution. I've used Proxies, Observers and Command patterns in a positive way for example, and do so every day. But I'm really hesitant to use say a Factory pattern if there's only one way to create an object, as a factory might make it all easier in the future, but complicates the code and is pure overhead. So, my question is in respect to my future career and my answer to manager types throwing random pattern-names around: Which design patterns did you use, that threw you back overall? Which are the worst design patterns, that you shouldn't have a look at if it's not that only single situation where it makes sense (read: which design patterns are very narrowly defined)? (It's like I was looking for the negative reviews of an overall good product of amazon to see what bugged people most in using design patterns). And I'm not talking about Anti-Patterns here, but about Patterns that are usually thought of as "good" patterns. Edit: As some answered, the problem is most often that patterns are not "bad" but "used wrong". If you know patterns, that are often misused or even difficult to use, they would also fit as an answer.

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• Real-world use cases for Smalltalk

  - by Andrea Spadaccini

  Hello, I've been playing a bit with Smalltalk, and I found it interesting. I know that there are some classical examples of Smalltalk: the Smalltalk images themselves and the Seaside web framework, and that there are lots of in-house custom applications built using this language. I'd like to know if: there are computer applications actively used and developed apart from the ones I mentioned. there are software houses that use Smalltalk for doing their job when would you use Smalltalk instead of another language for developing from scratch a new application

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• Where can I find out the following info on python (coming from Ruby)

  - by Michael Durrant

  I'm coming from Ruby and Ruby on Rails to Python. Where can I find or find resources about: The command prompt, what is python's version of 'irb' django, what is a good resource for installing, using, etc. pythoncasts... is there anything like railscats, i.e. good video tutorials web sites with the api info about what version have what and which to use. info and recommendations on editors, plugins and IDE's common gotchas for newbies and good things to know at the outset scaling issues, common reasons what is the equivalent of 'gems', i.e. components I can plug in what are popular plugins for django authentication and forms similar to devise and simple_form testing, what's available, anything similar to rspec? database adapters - any preferences? framework info - is django MVC like rails? OO'yness. Is everything an object that gets send messages? Different paradign? syntax - anything like jslint for checking for well-formed code?

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• null pointers vs. Null Object Pattern

  - by GlenH7

  Attribution: This grew out of a related P.SE question My background is in C / C++, but I have worked a fair amount in Java and am currently coding C#. Because of my C background, checking passed and returned pointers is second-hand, but I acknowledge it biases my point of view. I recently saw mention of the Null Object Pattern where the idea is than an object is always returned. Normal case returns the expected, populated object and the error case returns empty object instead of a null pointer. The premise being that the calling function will always have some sort of object to access and therefore avoid null access memory violations. So what are the pros / cons of a null check versus using the Null Object Pattern? I can see cleaner calling code with the NOP, but I can also see where it would create hidden failures that don't otherwise get raised. I would rather have my application fail hard (aka an exception) while I'm developing it than have a silent mistake escape into the wild. Can't the Null Object Pattern have similar problems as not performing a null check? Many of the objects I have worked with hold objects or containers of their own. It seems like I would have to have a special case to guarantee all of the main object's containers had empty objects of their own. Seems like this could get ugly with multiple layers of nesting.

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• Should one always know what an API is doing just by looking at the code?

  - by markmnl

  Recently I have been developing my own API and with that invested interest in API design I have been keenly interested how I can improve my API design. One aspect that has come up a couple times is (not by users of my API but in my observing discussion about the topic): one should know just by looking at the code calling the API what it is doing. For example see this discussion on GitHub for the discourse repo, it goes something like: foo.update_pinned(true, true); Just by looking at the code (without knowing the parameter names, documentation etc.) one cannot guess what it is going to do - what does the 2nd argument mean? The suggested improvement is to have something like: foo.pin() foo.unpin() foo.pin_globally() And that clears things up (the 2nd arg was whether to pin foo globally, I am guessing), and I agree in this case the later would certainly be an improvement. However I believe there can be instances where methods to set different but logically related state would be better exposed as one method call rather than separate ones, even though you would not know what it is doing just by looking at the code. (So you would have to resort to looking at the parameter names and documentation to find out - which personally I would always do no matter what if I am unfamiliar with an API). For example I expose one method SetVisibility(bool, string, bool) on a FalconPeer and I acknowledge just looking at the line: falconPeer.SetVisibility(true, "aerw3", true); You would have no idea what it is doing. It is setting 3 different values that control the "visibility" of the falconPeer in the logical sense: accept join requests, only with password and reply to discovery requests. Splitting this out into 3 method calls could lead to a user of the API to set one aspect of "visibility" forgetting to set others that I force them to think about by only exposing the one method to set all aspects of "visibility". Furthermore when the user wants to change one aspect they almost always will want to change another aspect and can now do so in one call.

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• Additional useful skill?

  - by Sergey

  Almost each language has some additional technology or skill or whatever which can work in a pair with it but still be something fresh. For example, Java + Flex. It's a good pair - those who learn Java and want something both useful and new may try Flex. What are "pairs" for the most popular languages(Java, C#, C++, etc.)? PS: Most people advise learning functional programming as an additional skill but this is very fuzzy. They talk about such abstract things as wide programming perspective and other things, but you can hardly say whether these functional skills will be really needed. Yeah, maybe some basics of it can be useful, but serious learning of LISP seems not perspective.

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• Integrating application ad-support - best practice

  - by Jarede

  Considering the review that came out in March: Researchers from Purdue University in collaboration with Microsoft claim that third-party advertising in free smartphone apps can be responsible for as much as 65 percent to 75 percent of an app's energy consumption. Is there a best practice for integrating advert support into mobile applications, so as to not drain user battery too much. When you fire up Angry Birds on your Android phone, the researchers found that the core gaming component only consumes about 18 percent of total app energy. The biggest battery suck comes from the software powering third-party ads and analytics accounting for 45 percent of total app energy, according to the study. Has anyone invoked better ways of keeping away from the "3G Tail", as the report puts it. Is it better/possible to download a large set of adverts that are cached for a few hours, and using them to populate your ad space, to avoid constant use of the wifi/3g radios. Are there any best practices for the inclusion of adverts in mobile apps?

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• Choosing the right language for the job

  - by Ampt

  I'm currently working for a company on the engineering team of about 5-6 people and have been given the job of heading up the redesign of an embedded system tester. We've decided the general requirements and attributes that would be desirable in the system, and now I have to decide on a language to use for the system, or at the very least come up with a list of languages with pros and cons to present to the team. The general idea of the project is that we currently have a tester written in c++, which was never designed to be a tester, but instead has evolved to be such over the course of 3-4 years due to need. Writing tests for a new product requires modifying the 'framework' and writing code that is completely non-human readable or intuitive due to the way the system was originally designed. Now, we've decided that the time to modify this tester for each new product that we want to test has become too high and want to partially re-write the system so that we can program the actual tests in a scripting language that would then use the modified c++ framework on the back end to test the actual systems. The c++ framework would be responsible for doing all the actual work and the scripting language would just integrate with that to tell the framework what to do. Never having programmed in a scripting language (we program embedded systems), I've run into a wall where I have no experience with any of the languages that we could possibly use, but must somehow give pros and cons of each language so that we can choose the best one for the job. Currently my short list of possibilities includes: Python TCL Lua Perl My question is this: How can a person evaluate a language that he/she has never used before? What criteria are good indicators for a languages potential usability on a project? While helpful suggestions for my particular case are appreciated, I feel that this is a good skill to possess and would like to be able to apply this to many different projects if at all possible

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• Fast programmatic compare of "timetable" data

  - by Brendan Green

  Consider train timetable data, where each service (or "run") has a data structure as such: public class TimeTable { public int Id {get;set;} public List<Run> Runs {get;set;} } public class Run { public List<Stop> Stops {get;set;} public int RunId {get;set;} } public class Stop { public int StationId {get;set;} public TimeSpan? StopTime {get;set;} public bool IsStop {get;set;} } We have a list of runs that operate against a particular line (the TimeTable class). Further, whilst we have a set collection of stations that are on a line, not all runs stop at all stations (that is, IsStop would be false, and StopTime would be null). Now, imagine that we have received the initial timetable, processed it, and loaded it into the above data structure. Once the initial load is complete, it is persisted into a database - the data structure is used only to load the timetable from its source and to persist it to the database. We are now receiving an updated timetable. The updated timetable may or may not have any changes to it - we don't know and are not told whether any changes are present. What I would like to do is perform a compare for each run in an efficient manner. I don't want to simply replace each run. Instead, I want to have a background task that runs periodically that downloads the updated timetable dataset, and then compares it to the current timetable. If differences are found, some action (not relevant to the question) will take place. I was initially thinking of some sort of checksum process, where I could, for example, load both runs (that is, the one from the new timetable received and the one that has been persisted to the database) into the data structure and then add up all the hour components of the StopTime, and all the minute components of the StopTime and compare the results (i.e. both the sum of Hours and sum of Minutes would be the same, and differences introduced if a stop time is changed, a stop deleted or a new stop added). Would that be a valid way to check for differences, or is there a better way to approach this problem? I can see a problem that, for example, one stop is changed to be 2 minutes earlier, and another changed to be 2 minutes later would have a net zero change. Or am I over thinking this, and would it just be simpler to brute check all stops to ensure that The updated run stops at the same stations; and Each stop is at the same time

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• How to become a better programmer in 2011?

  - by Anish Patel

  Not strictly a Stack Overflow thing, but I thought I'd get it out there and ask the question. What are you as a programmer going to do to improve in 2011? The things I am planning to do are as follows: Learn Functional Programming Write 100 blog posts Take a bunch of Microsoft exams (70-433, 70-511, 70-513, 70-515, 70-516, 70-518, 70-519) Contribute to an open source project Lets hope the motivation lasts all year!

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• JavaScript or PHP based WYSIWYG vector based image editor

  - by Jeroen Pluimers

  For a PHP based site of a client, I'm looking for a vector based image editor that allows: end user creation of vectored images consisting of objects supports upload of bitmap images to be used as objects inside the vector image supports adding text objects to add to the vector image, and change properties (font name, font style, font size) of the text objects preferably supports layering or grouping of objects inside the vector image integrates nicely with a PHP based site (so a PHP or JavaScript library is preferred) can store the vector image in SVG, EPS or PDF Both commercial and FOSS solutions are OK. Any idea where to find such a library? --jeroen

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