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  • Good practices for large scale development/delivery of software

    - by centic
    What practices do you apply when working with large teams on multiple versions of a software or multiple competing projects? What are best practices that can be used to still get the right things done first? Is there information available how big IT companies do development and management of some of their large projects, e.g. things like Oracle Database, WebSphere Application Server, Microsoft Windows, ....?

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  • One page using querystring or many folders and pages?

    - by ClarkeyBoy
    I have an application where I have the 'core' code in one folder for which there is a virtual directory in the root, such that I can include any core files using /myApp/core/bla.asp. I then have two folders outside of this with a default.asp which currently use the querystring to define what page should be displayed. One page is for general users, the other will only be accessible to users who have permission to manage users / usergroups / permissions. The core code checks the querystring and then checks the permissions for that user. An example of this as it is now is default.asp?action=view&viewtype=list&objectid=server. I am not worried about SEO as this is an internal app and uses Windows Auth. My question is, is it better the way it is now or would it be better to have something like the following: /server/view/list/ /server/view/?id=123 /server/create/ /server/edit/?id=123 /server/remove/?id=123 In the above folders I would have a home page which defines all the variables which are currently determined by the querystring - in /server/create/ for example, I would define the action as 'create', object name as 'server' and so on. In terms of future development, I really have no idea which method would be best. I think the 2nd method would be best in terms of following what page does what but this is such a huge change to make at this stage that I would really like some opinions, preferably based on experience. PS Sorry if the tags are wrong - I am new to this forum and thought this was a bit too much of a discussion for StackOverflow as that is very much right / wrong answer based. I got the idea SE is more discussion based.

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  • When to use HTTP status code 404 in an API

    - by Sybiam
    I am working on a project and after arguing with people at work for about more than a hour. I decided to know what people on stack-exchange might say. We're writing an API for a system, there is a query that should return a tree of Organization or a tree of Goals. The tree of Organization is the organization in which the user is present, In other words, this tree should always exists. In the organization, a tree of goal should be always present. (that's where the argument started). In case where the tree doesn't exist, my co-worker decided that it would be right to answer response with status code 200. And then started asking me to fix my code because the application was falling apart when there is no tree. I'll try to spare flames and fury. I suggested to raise a 404 error when there is no tree. It would at least let me know that something is wrong. When using 200, I have to add special check to my response in the success callback to handle errors. I'm expecting to receive an object, but I may actually receive an empty response because nothing is found. It sounds totally fair to mark the response as a 404. And then war started and I got the message that I didn't understand HTTP status code schema. So I'm here and asking what's wrong with 404 in this case? I even got the argument "It found nothing, so it's right to return 200". I believe that it's wrong since the tree should be always present. If we found nothing and we are expecting something, it should be a 404. More info, I forgot to add the urls that are fetched. Organizations /OrgTree/Get Goals /GoalTree/GetByDate?versionDate=... /GoalTree/GetById?versionId=... My mistake, both parameters are required. If any versionDate that can be parsed to a date is provided, it will return the closes revision. If you enter something in the past, it will return the first revision. If by Id with a id that doesn't exists, I suspect it's going to return an empty response with 200. Extra Also, I believe the best answer to the problem is to create default objects when organizations are created, having no tree shouldn't be a valid case and should be seen as an undefined behavior. There is no way an account can be used without both trees. For that reasons, they should be always present. also I got linked this (one similar but I can't find it) http://viswaug.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/http-headers-status1.png

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  • Web Developer or Software Engineer?

    - by Deepesh
    A question that I have been asking myself and really confused which path to take. So I need your guys help as to the pros and cons of these 2 professions in today's world. I love web applications development as the Web is the best thing to happen in this age and nearly everyone gets by on the World Wide Web. And also tend to keep learning about new technologies and about web services. On the other hand I like software engineering also for the desktop applications as I have had experience with development small scale softwares in VB.Net, Java, C++, etc. Which path has more scope and better future? Whats your view?

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  • How to deal with WYSIWYG editors?

    - by Pino
    There are now lots of WYSIWYG editors, however whenever we use one on a cms based website we consitently have issues. The biggest being users pasting conent from word, other online sources and all the various formatting rules being added in "behind the scenes" How do you deal with these editors on a live production website? I love markdown, however its target market is most definatly the tech industry.

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  • Is it possible to write a program that pipes the sound from one computer through the sound card of another?

    - by Kenneth
    I have a case where I need to use one computer's sound card to play sound but I want the sound to be generated at another computer that's on the same network as the other. Ideally the program that does this would only run on the computer that was generating the sound, though I'm fairly certain that isn't possible based on the research I have been doing. What ever I do with it though the solution would need to be such that the computer actually playing the sound would be secure. Thanks for any input.

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  • Can jobs limit future career paths?

    - by Kenneth
    I'm at the beginning of my career and I'm currently looking for jobs. I'm wondering to what extent choosing a particular job would limit future job options. I know that the farther you get away from college graduation the more employers look at your experience vs your actual degree. So I'm wondering with the ultimate goal of being in software engineering/computer science would taking a job in the IT realm limit my options of getting into software engineering? Likewise would taking a job in software quality assurance limit me from pursuing more of a main developer position later even though both are in software engineering?

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  • Java Cryptography Extension

    - by Adam Tannon
    I was told that in order to support AES256 encryption inside my Java app that I would need the JCE with Unlimited Strength Jurisdiction Policy Files. I downloaded this from Oracle and unzipped it and I'm only seeing 2 JARs: local_policy.jar; and US_export_polic.jar I just want to confirm I'm not missing anything here! My understanding (after reading the README.txt) is that I just drop these two into my <JAVA_HOME>/lib/security/ directory and they should be installed. By the names of these JARs I have to assume that its not the Java Crypto API that cannot handle AES256, but it's in fact a legal issue, perhaps? And that these two JARs basically tell the JRE "yes, it's legally-acceptable to run this level of crypto (AES256)." Am I correct or off-base?

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  • Developing an analytics's system processing large amounts of data - where to start

    - by Ryan
    Imagine you're writing some sort of Web Analytics system - you're recording raw page hits along with some extra things like tagging cookies etc and then producing stats such as Which pages got most traffic over a time period Which referers sent most traffic Goals completed (goal being a view of a particular page) And more advanced things like which referers sent the most number of vistors who later hit a goal. The naieve way of approaching this would be to throw it in a relational database and run queries over it - but that won't scale. You could pre-calculate everything (have a queue of incoming 'hits' and use to update report tables) - but what if you later change a goal - how could you efficiently re-calculate just the data that would be effected. Obviously this has been done before ;) so any tips on where to start, methods & examples, architecture, technologies etc.

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  • Does heavy library and snippet codes usage make you a bad programmer?

    - by Henrik P.
    Overall I'm in programming for about 8 years now and it seems to me that I'm relying more and more on open source libraries and snippets (damn you GitHub!) to "get the job done". I know that in time I could write me own implementation but I like to focus on the overall design. Is this normal (non cooperate environment)? Does it make you a bad programmer if "programming" is nothing more than cluing different libraries together. Feels like it. I know about "don't reinvent the wheel" but what happens when you don't invent a single wheel anymore. What's your take on this?

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  • Data transfer between"main" site and secured virtual subsite

    - by Emma Burrows
    I am currently working on a C# ASP.Net 3.5 website I wrote some years ago which consists of a "main" public site, and a sub-site which is our customer management application, using forms-based authentication. The sub-site is set up as a virtual folder in IIS and though it's a subfolder of "main", it functions as a separate web app which handles CRUD access to our customer database and is only accessible by our staff. The main site currently includes a form for new leads to fill in, which generates an email to our sales staff so they can contact them and convince them to become customers. If that process is successful, the staff manually enter the information from the email into the database. Not surprisingly, I now have a new requirement to feed the data from the new lead form directly into the database so staff can just check a box for instance to turn the lead into a customer. My question therefore is how to go about doing this? Possible options I've thought of: Move the new lead form into the customer database subsite (with authentication turned off). Add database handling code to the main site. (No, not seriously considering this duplication of effort! :) Design some mechanism (via REST?) so a webpage outside the customer database subsite can feed data into the customer database I'd welcome some suggestions on how to organise the code for this situation, preferably with extensibility in mind, and particularly if there are any options I haven't thought of. Thanks in advance.

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  • What are the alternatives to "overriding a method" when using composition instead of inheritance?

    - by Sebastien Diot
    If we should favor composition over inheritance, the data part of it is clear, at least for me. What I don't have a clear solution to is how overwriting methods, or simply implementing them if they are defined in a pure virtual form, should be implemented. An obvious way is to wrap the instance representing the base-class into the instance representing the sub-class. But the major downsides of this are that if you have say 10 methods, and you want to override a single one, you still have to delegate every other methods anyway. And if there were several layers of inheritance, you have now several layers of wrapping, which becomes less and less efficient. Also, this only solve the problem of the object "client"; when another object calls the top wrapper, things happen like in inheritance. But when a method of the deepest instance, the base class, calls it's own methods that have been wrapped and modified, the wrapping has no effect: the call is performed by it's own method, instead of by the highest wrapper. One extreme alternative that would solve those problems would be to have one instance per method. You only wrap methods that you want to overwrite, so there is no pointless delegation. But now you end up with an incredible amount of classes and object instance, which will have a negative effect on memory usage, and this will require a lot more coding too. So, are there alternatives (preferably alternatives that can be used in Java), that: Do not result in many levels of pointless delegation without any changes. Make sure that not only the client of an object, but also all the code of the object itself, is aware of which implementation of method should be called. Does not result in an explosion of classes and instances. Ideally puts the extra memory overhead that is required at the "class"/"particular composition" level (static if you will), rather than having every object pay the memory overhead of composition. My feeling tells me that the instance representing the base class should be at the "top" of the stack/layers so it receives calls directly, and can process them directly too if they are not overwritten. But I don't know how to do it that way.

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  • Project migration tips [closed]

    - by Shirish11
    I would like to know what all things are to be considered when your client asks for Project Migration to a different language / version. Migrating an existing project to a higher version is not going to be much of a trouble. Have to take care of some system files, some settings changes and if version specific components included then search for them to comply with the newer version. I understand why you need to migrate projects to newer versions mostly for overcoming the drawbacks of current version. But I have absolutely no idea how to go about language migration. Any help on this is appreciated . Moreover is language migration a healthy idea?

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  • How do your busiest people transfer their knowledge?

    - by Wikis Commit At Area 51
    We have recently polled our company wide wiki users and found out that there are two large groups of users: people with lots of knowledge but (who claim they have) no time to document people with time but (who claim they have) not enough knowledge worth documenting Each group covered almost 50% of the users! How do your companies handle this? That is, how do you encourage your busiest / most knowledgeable people to share their knowledge?

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  • Given an XML which contains a representation of a graph, how to apply it DFS algorithm? [on hold]

    - by winston smith
    Given the followin XML which is a directed graph: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1" ?> <!DOCTYPE graph PUBLIC "-//FC//DTD red//EN" "../dtd/graph.dtd"> <graph direct="1"> <vertex label="V0"/> <vertex label="V1"/> <vertex label="V2"/> <vertex label="V3"/> <vertex label="V4"/> <vertex label="V5"/> <edge source="V0" target="V1" weight="1"/> <edge source="V0" target="V4" weight="1"/> <edge source="V5" target="V2" weight="1"/> <edge source="V5" target="V4" weight="1"/> <edge source="V1" target="V2" weight="1"/> <edge source="V1" target="V3" weight="1"/> <edge source="V1" target="V4" weight="1"/> <edge source="V2" target="V3" weight="1"/> </graph> With this classes i parsed the graph and give it an adjacency list representation: import java.io.IOException; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.Collection; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.logging.Level; import java.util.logging.Logger; import practica3.util.Disc; public class ParsingXML { public static void main(String[] args) { try { // TODO code application logic here Collection<Vertex> sources = new HashSet<Vertex>(); LinkedList<String> lines = Disc.readFile("xml/directed.xml"); for (String lin : lines) { int i = Disc.find(lin, "source=\""); String data = ""; if (i > 0 && i < lin.length()) { while (lin.charAt(i + 1) != '"') { data += lin.charAt(i + 1); i++; } Vertex v = new Vertex(); v.setName(data); v.setAdy(new HashSet<Vertex>()); sources.add(v); } } Iterator it = sources.iterator(); while (it.hasNext()) { Vertex ver = (Vertex) it.next(); Collection<Vertex> adyacencias = ver.getAdy(); LinkedList<String> ls = Disc.readFile("xml/graphs.xml"); for (String lin : ls) { int i = Disc.find(lin, "target=\""); String data = ""; if (lin.contains("source=\""+ver.getName())) { Vertex v = new Vertex(); if (i > 0 && i < lin.length()) { while (lin.charAt(i + 1) != '"') { data += lin.charAt(i + 1); i++; } v.setName(data); } i = Disc.find(lin, "weight=\""); data = ""; if (i > 0 && i < lin.length()) { while (lin.charAt(i + 1) != '"') { data += lin.charAt(i + 1); i++; } v.setWeight(Integer.parseInt(data)); } if (v.getName() != null) { adyacencias.add(v); } } } } for (Vertex vert : sources) { System.out.println(vert); System.out.println("adyacencias: " + vert.getAdy()); } } catch (IOException ex) { Logger.getLogger(ParsingXML.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } } } This is another class: import java.util.Collection; import java.util.Objects; public class Vertex { private String name; private int weight; private Collection ady; public Collection getAdy() { return ady; } public void setAdy(Collection adyacencias) { this.ady = adyacencias; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String nombre) { this.name = nombre; } public int getWeight() { return weight; } public void setWeight(int weight) { this.weight = weight; } @Override public int hashCode() { int hash = 7; hash = 43 * hash + Objects.hashCode(this.name); hash = 43 * hash + this.weight; return hash; } @Override public boolean equals(Object obj) { if (obj == null) { return false; } if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) { return false; } final Vertex other = (Vertex) obj; if (!Objects.equals(this.name, other.name)) { return false; } if (this.weight != other.weight) { return false; } return true; } @Override public String toString() { return "Vertice{" + "name=" + name + ", weight=" + weight + '}'; } } And finally: /** * * @author user */ /* -*-jde-*- */ /* <Disc.java> Contains the main argument*/ import java.io.*; import java.util.LinkedList; /** * Lectura y escritura de archivos en listas de cadenas * Ideal para el uso de las clases para gráficas. * * @author Peralta Santa Anna Victor Miguel * @since Julio 2011 */ public class Disc { /** * Metodo para lectura de un archivo * * @param fileName archivo que se va a leer * @return El archivo en representacion de lista de cadenas */ public static LinkedList<String> readFile(String fileName) throws IOException { BufferedReader file = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName)); LinkedList<String> textlist = new LinkedList<String>(); while (file.ready()) { textlist.add(file.readLine().trim()); } file.close(); /* for(String linea:textlist){ if(linea.contains("source")){ //String generado = linea.replaceAll("<\\w+\\s+\"", ""); //System.out.println(generado); } }*/ return textlist; }//readFile public static int find(String linea,String palabra){ int i,j; boolean found = false; for(i=0,j=0;i<linea.length();i++){ if(linea.charAt(i)==palabra.charAt(j)){ j++; if(j==palabra.length()){ found = true; return i; } }else{ continue; } } if(!found){ i= -1; } return i; } /** * Metodo para la escritura de un archivo * * @param fileName archivo que se va a escribir * @param tofile la lista de cadenas que quedaran en el archivo * @param append el bit que dira si se anexa el contenido o se empieza de cero */ public static void writeFile(String fileName, LinkedList<String> tofile, boolean append) throws IOException { FileWriter file = new FileWriter(fileName, append); for (int i = 0; i < tofile.size(); i++) { file.write(tofile.get(i) + "\n"); } file.close(); }//writeFile /** * Metodo para escritura de un archivo * @param msg archivo que se va a escribir * @param tofile la cadena que quedaran en el archivo * @param append el bit que dira si se anexa el contenido o se empieza de cero */ public static void writeFile(String msg, String tofile, boolean append) throws IOException { FileWriter file = new FileWriter(msg, append); file.write(tofile); file.close(); }//writeFile }// I'm stuck on what can be the best way to given an adjacency list representation of the graph how to apply it Depth-first search algorithm. Any idea of how to aproach to complete the task?

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  • How do you play or record audio (to .WAV) on Linux in C++? [closed]

    - by Jacky Alcine
    Hello, I've been looking for a way to play and record audio on a Linux (preferably Ubuntu) system. I'm currently working on a front-end to a voice recognition toolkit that'll automate a few steps required to adapt a voice model for PocketSphinx and Julius. Suggestions of alternative means of audio input/output are welcome, as well as a fix to the bug shown below. Here is the current code I've used so far to play a .WAV file: void Engine::sayText ( const string OutputText ) { string audioUri = "temp.wav"; string requestUri = this->getRequestUri( OPENMARY_PROCESS , OutputText.c_str( ) ); int error , audioStream; pa_simple *pulseConnection; pa_sample_spec simpleSpecs; simpleSpecs.format = PA_SAMPLE_S16LE; simpleSpecs.rate = 44100; simpleSpecs.channels = 2; eprintf( E_MESSAGE , "Generating audio for '%s' from '%s'..." , OutputText.c_str( ) , requestUri.c_str( ) ); FILE* audio = this->getHttpFile( requestUri , audioUri ); fclose(audio); eprintf( E_MESSAGE , "Generated audio."); if ( ( audioStream = open( audioUri.c_str( ) , O_RDONLY ) ) < 0 ) { fprintf( stderr , __FILE__": open() failed: %s\n" , strerror( errno ) ); goto finish; } if ( dup2( audioStream , STDIN_FILENO ) < 0 ) { fprintf( stderr , __FILE__": dup2() failed: %s\n" , strerror( errno ) ); goto finish; } close( audioStream ); pulseConnection = pa_simple_new( NULL , "AudioPush" , PA_STREAM_PLAYBACK , NULL , "openMary C++" , &simpleSpecs , NULL , NULL , &error ); for (int i = 0;;i++ ) { const int bufferSize = 1024; uint8_t audioBuffer[bufferSize]; ssize_t r; eprintf( E_MESSAGE , "Buffering %d..",i); /* Read some data ... */ if ( ( r = read( STDIN_FILENO , audioBuffer , sizeof (audioBuffer ) ) ) <= 0 ) { if ( r == 0 ) /* EOF */ break; eprintf( E_ERROR , __FILE__": read() failed: %s\n" , strerror( errno ) ); if ( pulseConnection ) pa_simple_free( pulseConnection ); } /* ... and play it */ if ( pa_simple_write( pulseConnection , audioBuffer , ( size_t ) r , &error ) < 0 ) { fprintf( stderr , __FILE__": pa_simple_write() failed: %s\n" , pa_strerror( error ) ); if ( pulseConnection ) pa_simple_free( pulseConnection ); } usleep(2); } /* Make sure that every single sample was played */ if ( pa_simple_drain( pulseConnection , &error ) < 0 ) { fprintf( stderr , __FILE__": pa_simple_drain() failed: %s\n" , pa_strerror( error ) ); if ( pulseConnection ) pa_simple_free( pulseConnection ); } } NOTE: If you want the rest of the code to this file, you can download it here directly from Launchpad.

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  • Increase Performance of VS 2010 by using a SSD

    - by System.Data
    After searching on the internet for performance improvements when using Visual Studio 2010 with a solid state hard drive, I heard a lot of different opinions. A lot of people said that there isn't really a benefit when using a SSD, but in contrast others said the exact opposite. I am a bit confused with the contrasting opinions and I cannot really make a decision whether buying a SSD would make a difference. What are your experiences with this issue and which SSD did you use?

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  • Reverse horizontal and vertical for a HTML table

    - by porton
    There is a two-dimensional array describing a HTML table. Each element of the array consists of: the cell content rowspan colspan Every row of this two dimensional array corresponds to <td> cells of a <tr> of the table which my software should generate. I need to "reverse" the array (interchange vertical and horizontal direction). Insofar I considered algorithm based on this idea: make a rectangular matrix of the size of the table and store in every element of this matrix the corresponding index of the element of the above mentioned array. (Note that two elements of the matrix may be identical due rowspan/colspan.) Then I could use this matrix to calculate rowspan/colspan for the inverted table. But this idea seems bad for me. Any other algorithms? Note that I program in PHP.

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  • Why there is perception that VB.NET is good for small to medium size application and not for enterprise class project?

    - by Gens
    I love VB.NET very much. Coding VB.NET with Visual Studio is just like typing messages. Smooth, fast and simple. Any error will be notified instantly. The OO capability of VB.NET is good enough. But often in any .Net languages discussion, there is perception that VB.NET is good for small to medium size application and not for large scale project? Why there is such perception? Or am I missing anything regarding to VB.NET?

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  • .NET WPF Charting Control

    - by Randy Minder
    We're very close to wrapping up a WPF dashboarding application using SSRS (.RDLC files) and the Microsoft Report Viewer. For a number of reasons, this combination has turned out to be less than what we had hoped. One of the biggest problems is that the Microsoft Report Viewer is not a WPF control. We've had other problems as well. Our app consists of at least 5 tabs and each tab has at least 4-5 charts on it. All the charts update on their own timed schedules (like every 15-30 minutes). For the next version I'd like to explore other .NET charting tools for WPF. Performance is absolutely critical. As is resource usage. The tool must support WPF and as many chart types as possible. Can anyone recommend (or not recommend) charting tools they have experience with? We own Telerik and I've dabbled with their charting control. At the 30K foot level, it seems quite nice.

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  • What was your most challenging project? and why? [closed]

    - by tau
    I am asked this question many times in the interviews. I get confused about which project to tell them and why some project would look challenging or non-challenging. What are they looking for in the answer? Any software is a challenge before it gets started and it becomes a normal software engineering task after it has finished. All softwares I made were challenging until they got finished. Do I misunderstood the word "challenge"? Whats wrong in my thinking? What was your most challenging project and why you think so?

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  • Question on design of current pagination implementations

    - by Freshblood
    I have checked pagination implementations on asp.net mvc specifically and i really feel that there is something less efficient in implementations. First of all all implementations use pagination values like below. public ActionResult MostPopulars(int pageIndex,int pageSize) { } The thing that i feel wrong is pageIndex and pageSize totally should be member of Pagination class otherwise this way looks so much functional way. Also it simplify unnecesary paramater pass in tiers of application. Second thing is that they use below interface. public interface IPagedList<T> : IList<T> { int PageCount { get; } int TotalItemCount { get; } int PageIndex { get; } int PageNumber { get; } int PageSize { get; } bool HasPreviousPage { get; } bool HasNextPage { get; } bool IsFirstPage { get; } bool IsLastPage { get; } } If i want to routing my pagination to different action so i have to create new view model for encapsulate action name in it or even controller name. Another solution can be that sending this interfaced model to view then specify action and controller hard coded in pager method as parameter but i am losing totally re-usability of my view because it is strictly depends on just one action. Another thing is that they use below code in view Html.Pager(Model.PageSize, Model.PageNumber, Model.TotalItemCount) If the model is IPagedList why they don't provide an overload method like @Html.Pager(Model) or even better one is @Html.Pager(). You know that we know model type in this way. Before i was doing mistake because i was using Model.PageIndex instead of Model.PageNumber. Another big issue is they strongly rely on IQueryable interface. How they know that i use IQueryable in my data layer ? I would expected that they work simply with collections that is keep pagination implementation persistence ignorant. What is wrong about my improvement ideas over their pagination implementations ? What is their reason to not implement their paginations in this way ?

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  • Is there a pattern or best practice for passing a reference type to multiple classes vs a static class?

    - by Dave
    My .NET application creates HTML files, and as such, the structure looks like variable myData BuildHomePage() variable graph = new BuildGraphPage(myData) variable table = BuildTablePage(myData) BuildGraphPage and BuildTablePage both require access data, the myData object. In the above example, I've passed the myData object to 2 constructors. This is what I'm doing now, in my current project. The myData object, and it's properties are all readonly. The problem is, the number of pages which will require this object has grown. In the real project, there are currently 4, but the new spec is to have about 20. Passing this object to the constructor of each new object and assigning it to a field is a little time consuming, but not a hardship! This poses the question whether it's better practice to continue as I have, or to refactor and create a new static class for myData which can be referenced from any where in my project. I guess my abilities to use Google are poor, because I did try and find an appropriate pattern as I am sure this type of design must be common place but my results returned nothing. Is there a pattern which is suited, or do best practices lean towards one implementation over another.

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  • Improvements to Joshua Bloch's Builder Design Pattern?

    - by Jason Fotinatos
    Back in 2007, I read an article about Joshua Blochs take on the "builder pattern" and how it could be modified to improve the overuse of constructors and setters, especially when an object has a large number of properties, most of which are optional. A brief summary of this design pattern is articled here [http://rwhansen.blogspot.com/2007/07/theres-builder-pattern-that-joshua.html]. I liked the idea, and have been using it since. The problem with it, while it is very clean and nice to use from the client perspective, implementing it can be a pain in the bum! There are so many different places in the object where a single property is reference, and thus creating the object, and adding a new property takes a lot of time. So...I had an idea. First, an example object in Joshua Bloch's style: Josh Bloch Style: public class OptionsJoshBlochStyle { private final String option1; private final int option2; // ...other options here <<<< public String getOption1() { return option1; } public int getOption2() { return option2; } public static class Builder { private String option1; private int option2; // other options here <<<<< public Builder option1(String option1) { this.option1 = option1; return this; } public Builder option2(int option2) { this.option2 = option2; return this; } public OptionsJoshBlochStyle build() { return new OptionsJoshBlochStyle(this); } } private OptionsJoshBlochStyle(Builder builder) { this.option1 = builder.option1; this.option2 = builder.option2; // other options here <<<<<< } public static void main(String[] args) { OptionsJoshBlochStyle optionsVariation1 = new OptionsJoshBlochStyle.Builder().option1("firefox").option2(1).build(); OptionsJoshBlochStyle optionsVariation2 = new OptionsJoshBlochStyle.Builder().option1("chrome").option2(2).build(); } } Now my "improved" version: public class Options { // note that these are not final private String option1; private int option2; // ...other options here public String getOption1() { return option1; } public int getOption2() { return option2; } public static class Builder { private final Options options = new Options(); public Builder option1(String option1) { this.options.option1 = option1; return this; } public Builder option2(int option2) { this.options.option2 = option2; return this; } public Options build() { return options; } } private Options() { } public static void main(String[] args) { Options optionsVariation1 = new Options.Builder().option1("firefox").option2(1).build(); Options optionsVariation2 = new Options.Builder().option1("chrome").option2(2).build(); } } As you can see in my "improved version", there are 2 less places in which we need to add code about any addition properties (or options, in this case)! The only negative that I can see is that the instance variables of the outer class are not able to be final. But, the class is still immutable without this. Is there really any downside to this improvement in maintainability? There has to be a reason which he repeated the properties within the nested class that I'm not seeing?

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  • Don Knuth and MMIXAL vs. Chuck Moore and Forth -- Algorithms and Ideal Machines -- was there cross-pollination / influence in their ideas / work?

    - by AKE
    Question: To what extent is it known (or believed) that Chuck Moore and Don Knuth had influence on each other's thoughts on ideal machines, or their work on algorithms? I'm interested in citations, interviews, articles, links, or any other sort of evidence. It could also be evidence of the form of A and B here suggest that Moore might have borrowed or influenced C and D from Knuth here, or vice versa. (Opinions are of course welcome, but references / links would be better!) Context: Until fairly recently, I have been primarily familiar with Knuth's work on algorithms and computing models, mostly through TAOCP but also through his interviews and other writings. However, the more I have been using Forth, the more I am struck by both the power of a stack-based machine model, and the way in which the spareness of the model makes fundamental algorithmic improvements more readily apparent. A lot of what Knuth has done in fundamental analysis of algorithms has, it seems to me, a very similar flavour, and I can easily imagine that in a parallel universe, Knuth might perhaps have chosen Forth as his computing model. That's the software / algorithms / programming side of things. When it comes to "ideal computing machines", Knuth in the 70s came up with the MIX computer model, and then, collaborating with designers of state-of-the-art RISC chips through the 90s, updated this with the modern MMIX model and its attendant assembly language MMIXAL. Meanwhile, Moore, having been using and refining Forth as a language, but using it on top of whatever processor happened to be in the computer he was programming, began to imagine a world in which the efficiency and value of stack-based programming were reflected in hardware. So he went on in the 80s to develop his own stack-based hardware chips, defining the term MISC (Minimal Instruction Set Computers) along the way, and ending up eventually with the first Forth chip, the MuP21. Both are brilliant men with keen insight into the art of programming and algorithms, and both work at the intersection between algorithms, programs, and bare metal hardware (i.e. hardware without the clutter of operating systems). Which leads me to the headlined question... Question:To what extent is it known (or believed) that Chuck Moore and Don Knuth had influence on each other's thoughts on ideal machines, or their work on algorithms?

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