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  • What is Paging in memory management?

    - by Fasih Khatib
    I was just reading Operating System Principles by Silberschatz et al when I came across paging in memory management.I'm slightly confused about it. It states that Physical Memory(I assume it's RAM) is divided into frames, and logical memory is divided into pages. CPU generates logical addresses containing page number and an offset. This page number is used to retrieve the frame number from a page table which gives the base address so the physical address is calculated as base+offset. My question is: is the page table maintained for every process? I logically think that the answer would be yes as every process will need to map its own pages to frames. I may be wrong. Please clarify. Also: paging and segmentation(where 'holes' are created in memory) are two totally different techniques that are not used in combination. Correct?

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  • It's the ethernet 10/100 in LAN transfer faster than USB 1.0?

    - by dag729
    I have an old laptop (PIII 800MHz, with 256 RAM) that I wish to use as my home server: it'll have to serve just two people, so I think that I'll be more than ok as for the RAM and the CPU. The issue is about data, because the internal hard disk is a 12GB, that is...ridicolous! I have more than 60GB of mixed storage and counting (images, videos and music) in an external usb hd. I could put the hd in my desktop pc just to serve the big files through ethernet or let it inside its usb box attached to the laptop. The question is: which of these solutions will be the fastest? USB 1.0 attached to the server (laptop) or internal hard disk serving files via 10/100 ethernet to the laptop on demand?

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  • how to debug BSOD irql_not_less_or_equal error

    - by Sev
    So I'm getting the irql_not_less_or_equal BSOD. I tried looking at the event viewer for potential causes, and cannot find any. I also checked the CPU temperature in BIOS right after the error and that was fine. I've tried 2 sets of RAM chips already, both give the issues. The error doesn't happen consistently...it happens daily, but many hours can pass and it won't happen, or only 10 minutes can pass and it might happen again. By the way, just bought the parts and built the computer myself a couple of weeks ago. How to debug the cause for this? Hardware info: Asus P6X58D PREMIUM motherboard Intel core i7 930 quad core 2.8 ghz Kingston 128 GB SSD 3 Gb/sec Nvidia Geforce GTX 465 PNY Edition Corsair 12 GB DDR3 1600 Mhz Ram Windows 7 Ultimate

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  • video card for only watching videos

    - by Nothing 2 Lose
    I recently quit gaming so I took out my (GeForce GTX 550 Ti) video card and switched back to the (cheap) integrated card because I don't want the dedicated card using up power & making unnecessary heat/noise. But now I get lag when I watch high-res movies, or when I open several videos at the same time, but I don't want to go back to my (big/expensive) video card because that seems like overkill. What is the smallest/cheapest card which will only be good enough for watching videos without lagging ? (but not for gaming) PS. My CPU is: AMD Phenom 9850 Quad-Core Processor

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  • Monitoring the wall time of a process on windows?

    - by Sean Madden
    Windows Task Manager has the ability to show the current CPU time of any given running process on windows, is there any way (not necessarily through Task Manager) to get the current wall time of a process? An example, let's say I have a script that reliably runs for about 45 minutes. Without adding a progress bar to the script, is there any way to figure out for how long it has been running? The math behind this seems pretty straight forward; WallTime = CurrentWallTime - WallTimeProcessStarted. Likewise, since the math is so simple, is there anyway to get the time that a process was started at?

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  • Why does Oracle SQL Developer take so long to open?

    - by oscilatingcretin
    I think anyone who's used Oracle SQL Developer will agree that it's painfully slow on the load. My research has lead me to a solution that seems to have helped a little, and that's telling OSQLD not to check for updates on startup. However, it still takes several minutes to open. What could OSQLD possibly be doing during load time? Is there any way get it to open right away? Edit: Adding potentially relevant system specs: CPU: Intel i5-2520M 2.5 ghz Windows 7 32-bit RAM: 4 gb

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  • High frequency, kernel bypass vs tuning kernels?

    - by Keith
    I often hear tales about High Frequency shops using network cards which do kernel bypass. However, I also often hear about them using operating systems where they "tune" the kernel. If they are bypassing the kernel, do they need to tune the kernel? Is it a case of they do both because whilst the network packets will bypass the kernel due to the card, there is still all the other stuff going on which tuning the kernel would help? So in other words, they use both approaches, one is just to speed up network activity and the other makes the OS generally more responsive/faster? I ask because a friend of mine who works within this industry once said they don't really bother with kernel tuning anymore-because they use kernel bypass network cards? This didn't make too much sense as I thought you would always want a faster kernel for all the CPU-offloaded calculations.

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  • large RAID 10 vs small RAID1

    - by user116399
    The machine will store and serve millions of small files (<15Kb each), and all those files require a total storage space of 400G Considering the exact same SATA hard drives maker and models, on the exact same environment (OS, cpu, ram, raid controller, etc...) which one of the setups bellow would be faster? A) RAID 1 with 2 drives of 2T each, making up total storage of 2T B) RAID 10 with 4 drives of 2T each, making up total storage of 4T [EDIT]: I'm aware RAID10 is faster than RAID1. The larger the disk, at least in theory, the longer will take to do seeks/writes. So, will the performance gain of RAID10 will be outweighed by the "drag" caused the larger disk area when seek/write operations happened?

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  • Xen VGA passthrough: is it possible to have dual GPU's with single monitor

    - by user489481
    I hate dual-booting between Windows when I want to play a game and Linux when I need to work. I don't fancy running Linux in a VM and Wine almost never works for me. So, I'm thinking about buying a new mainboard and CPU that is compatible with Xen's VGA passthrough and HVM virtualization. I want to be able to switch between the Linux Dom0 and Windows DomU with ease, but the problem is I need two GPU's and have only one monitor. Right now I have a nVidia GTX 260 in my PC, but I also have a Radeon 4850 sitting in my closet that I was going to sell. My question is, can I salvage the Radeon card to run the Dom0 and have the nVidia card run the DomU while having some kind of device/software to connect them a single monitor? Power supply and airflow issues aside. If not, what would you suggest? Is this even possible?

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  • How can I pin point a USB file transfer bottleneck in Unix?

    - by HankHendrix
    I'm experiencing very slow data transfer speeds over USB 2.0 on my nix box and was wondering how I can pin-point the cause of the problem. I've looked into iotop and top but the cpu and mem figures look normal (compared to guides I have checked). The box which is affected is Ubuntu 12.04 32bit Server running on an Asus EEE 701 2G model and I am transferring from the OS over USB 2.0 to an external HDD (which transfers at 30MB/s+ on Windows 7 on other machine). I get rsync write speeds of 1MB/s from OS to USB HDD which seems ridiculously slow. These speeds are consistent with other USB HDDs and sticks.

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  • How can I deactivate the gnome desktop of my ubuntu server?

    - by 19 Lee
    I'm running a home server on my old laptop (atom cpu). I installed ubuntu 12.04 server edition, but I also installed ubuntu-desktop. So, when I turn it on, ubuntu desktop is shown. I sometimes use GUI, but I want to turn the ubuntu-desktop (gnome-desktop) off when I don't use it. I think I can save resources by turning off the GUI. It's necessary since my laptop's performance is not very good and it often becomes very hot. I guess I can run ubuntu-desktop on my terminal with "startx" command. But, I don't know how to turn the X window off for a moment. Anybody have an idea? Thanks in advance.

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  • bottle.py on EC2 micro instance causes 2 order of magnitude slowdown

    - by user61633
    Cross-posted from StackOverflow: I wrote a little toy script to solve this type of game, and put it on my new micro EC2 instance. It works perfectly, but while it takes around 0.5 seconds to run a local version, and takes under 0.5 seconds to run both the local and the bottle.py version on my home computer, running the bottle.py version on the EC2 instance takes over 2 minutes. Python has the cpu pegged at 99% the entire time. Only 7.4% memory usage, consistently, and no swapping. The only guess I have is initialization time for bottle.py on EC2, but if it were that, why would it be ~200x faster on my own computer with bottle.py?

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  • Full computer freeze with audio stuttering after playing games for a period of time

    - by Wes
    I've been having a problem with my computer freezing completely when playing games like LA Noire or SW:TOR (yay early access!). Basically, what happens is I will play for around an hour or so (depending on the game) and when the freeze happens, the entire computer locks up and any audio that was being played glitches out and stutters broken-record style (only much shorter. Very techno). I think it might be heat related and thought it might be my video card overheating, so I have been setting my video card (Nvidia Geforce 260GTX 216-core) fan to highest setting, but that has little to no effect. Now I'm beginning to think it's either my FSB or CPU overheating. Can anyone provide some insight or similar experiences? I'm really at a loss and don't wanna damage my rig beyond repair.

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  • Games + Closed Lid = Hibernation

    - by Isaac Rabinovitch
    I have an ASUS N53S that I mainly bought for its RAM capacity. (I run a lot of VMs.) But as a bonus, it came with a fancy ATI video card. So I decided to install GTA 4 and plug it into a big monitor and settle down for some casual mayhem. But after about 5 minutes, it goes into hibernation! What gives? Since I was using an external monitor and didn't need the keyboard (using an XBox controller) I closed the lid on the laptop. Gaming is compute-intensive, so my GPU and CPU were both working hard and generating heat. Closing the lid interfered with cooling. Since I have the laptop configured to hibernate when I press the power button, the heat-triggered shutdown caused hibernation.

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  • PSU aka Power Supply won't turn off and No Power_Good - Safe to keep using?

    - by Tek
    The title is the symptoms of my problem. I mainly chose this title for search engines so people can know why this is happening since I see a lot of uncertainty when it comes to this problem. I do have a question related to the source of the problem though. First of all, Inserting the power to the power supply automatically turns on my computer. Using a power supply tester, the tester automatically turns on without me having to push the button to test the PSU. lol. The PG (Power Good) signal is missing. The strange thing is my computer still turns on (OS boots, etc) considering a missing power good signal. Is it really that unsafe to use the power supply when it's missing the power good signal? All the voltages seem to be in check. Here's a picture: Power Supply Tester Readout And by safe (considering the readout) in the sense that is it likely my components (cpu, mobo, etc) could be damaged?

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  • aptana/eclipse blocks other apps

    - by waquner
    Hi, I've got a fresh win7 installation, the only apps installed so far are aptana (beta 3)/eclipse and firefox + chrome (except antivirus and drivers) Every time I start aptana, chrome and firefox are blocked, so firefox can't load a webpage (or sometimes takes veeeery long) and chrome doesn't even take care of events (so for example hovering over a link doesn't change the cursor and a click does...nothing or typing in an url, press enter - nothing happens) First I thought, aptana downloads something and blocks my internet connection... but IE works well and also there are no signs in the taskmanager (cpu%, network or memory) When I close Aptana, all works as before. I tried updating Java, which didn't help... On my office-computer I use the same apps and it works perfect. Got any ideas? TIA, waquner

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  • Intel HD 4000 and Nvidia GT 650 working together on laptop

    - by Juan
    My new win7 Acer notebook has i5 CPU with Intel HD 4000 and Nvida GT650 GPU. Obviously monitor is plugged to Intel HD. In Nvidia control panel I can configure PhysX but that doesn't help. Windows system rating shows high gaming experience and average/low windows aero experience. What does that mean? Does my laptop use nvidia for games/3d apps nad Intel HD 4000 for aero? Should I disable Intel HD in bios, but how to plug monitor to nvidia? Or should I leave everything like now because everything works as it suppose to work? Here is image capture of some states: http://oi47.tinypic.com/34p0qp4.jpg

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  • Server freeze restarted quickly so how do I fiond what went wrong?

    - by Charlie
    I have a SQL SERVER DB running on a windows server 2008 (VMWare) Yesterday I could not RDP to it so I ended some RDP sessions which were left logged in. This seemed to solve the problem. However last night I learned that the DB was inaccessible and unresponsive to customers. My colleague checked the server but again is unable to create an RDP connection. He then restarted the server and since it has been fine. Looking at the CPU Readings of the Server it spiked up to 100% before the original RDP problem .After I ended the extra seeions uit again dropped down to normal levels however before the time of the customer complaint it had rose to 100% again - before it had to be restarted. Is there anyway I can investigate which processes may have caused the problem in the first place. Would there be some kind of memory dump from when it was restarted. I would prefer to find out what is wrong now instead of waiting until it happens again.

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  • Why does Resource Monitor in windows 7 show half my memory as "Hardware Reserved"?

    - by Brandon
    Does anyone know why in Windows 7 Resource Monitor shows that I have 8 GB of RAM installed on my computer, but I only have 3.2 GB available as 4.8 GB are in "Hardware Reserve". I researched this issue and tried going into msconfig and making sure that in the boot options the number of processors and max memory options were turned off. I also opened the computer up and reseated each of the memory sticks while clearing out any dust that was in there. Some info on the system I am using: OS: Windows 7 Enterprise 64-bit Edition CPU: AMD Phenom X4 9750 Memory: 4 X 2GB DDR2 memory Motherboard: MS-7548 (Aspen) Any help would be much appreciated.

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  • Windows 7 extremely long startup

    - by Tyler
    Windows 7 before it even gets to login. On the "starting windows" splash screen takes no less than 15 minutes to finish more like 25 minutes most times. During this time the hard drive activity led indicator is blinking maybe once every 20 seconds. When I finally get to the desktop everything runs normally. I have unplugged all peripherals with same result. Ideas? It's 32bit. 4gig memory. Fast CPU which I can't recall off the top of my head.

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  • MySQL Optimizing

    - by Thoman
    Hello My web use an dedicated Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 8core 12Gram Centos32bit/Driectadmin DISK SAS 80G Php-cgi This dedicated running one website Use wordpress 2.92(+plugin cache...) Database size 600MB only 100online But mywebsite runing very snow. please hep me config file my.cnf [mysqld] user=mysql key_buffer=128M set-variable = max_connections=1000 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock key_buffer =32M table_cache = 1024 open_files_limit = 16344 join_buffer_size = 8M read_buffer_size = 8M sort_buffer_size = 8M tmp_table_size=512M read_rnd_buffer_size=8M max_heap_table_size=256M #myisam_sort_buffer_size=256M thread_cache_size=8 thread_cache=32 query_cache_type=1 query_cache_limit=1024M query_cache_size=1024M thread_concurrency = 16 wait_timeout = 10 connect_timeout = 10 interactive_timeout = 10 long_query_time=1 log-slow-queries = /var/log/mysqlslowqueries.log max_allowed_packet=32M skip-innodb [myisamchk] key_buffer = 64M sort_buffer = 64M read_buffer = 16M write_buffer = 16M [isamchk] key_buffer=64M sort_buffer=64M read_buffer=16M write_buffer=16M And apache

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  • Install Windows with QEMU

    - by Radium
    I want to understand if it is possible to install Windows from Qemu to a physical HDD. I was trying to do that by doing something like this: qemu-system-x64 -m1024 -vnc :1 -hda /dev/sda -cdrom .../Windows.iso Installed successfully. But when i tried to boot normally got a blue screen telling me that a hardware change appeared so go away. I guess the problem is not because of QEMU-CPU emulation or smth, but because of HDD`s UID change which is used inside of Windows registry. Am i right? So if yes how to workaround this? Maybe i need to prepare Windows before the reboot? I have successfully installed FreeBSD via QEMU and thought with Windows it will go the same ...

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  • What are the current options to encrypted a partition on mac os x ?

    - by symbion
    I recently got my laptop stolen with some sensitive informations on it (personal source code, bank details in a secure file, passwords, etc) and I learnt the lesson: encrypt your sensitive data. Now, I am wondering what are the options to encrypt a partition (not an encrypt disk image) ? Aim: The aim is to prevent anyone (except me) to access those data. Requirement 0: The software must be able to encrypt non system partition. Requirement 1: Plausible deniability is required but preventing cold boot attack is however not an absolute requirement (I am not famous enough or have sensitive enough info to have this kind of requirement). Requirement 2 : Software taking advantage of AES hardware encryption are very welcome as I intent to get a Macbook Pro with i7 CPU (with AES-NI enabled instructions). I will have avirtual machine running in the encrypted partition. Requirement 3 : Free or reasonably cheap. Requirement 4 : Software must run on Mac OS X Snow Leopard or Lion. So far, TrueCrypt is the only option I have found. Regards,

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  • Apache stops serving requests when connections increase

    - by Gunjan
    The values for MaxClients, ServerLimit etc parameters are quite high (4000). Available RAM on the server is high too (~8G). Load average remains below 1 on a 24 core CPU. But when the number of visitors on the website increase apache just stops serving requests. The apache error log is blank and access log shows no more requests coming in. Restarting apache makes it work again until the number of requests increases again. Any ideas where to start looking? UPDATE Getting the below errors in apache error log on running it with LogLevel Debug [info] server seems busy, (you may need to increase StartServers, or Min/MaxSpareServers), spawning 32 children, there are 479 idle, and 1027 total children

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  • Offer me an ASP.NET & a SQL Server 2008 server specifications for about 2000 concurrent users, please.

    - by amkh
    We have a web application project wich will be created using ASP.NET 4.0, Entity Framework, and SQL Sever 2008 R2. To meet the needs, suppose a normal page of this application that has a query which it takes 10 miliseconds to response on a Core2 Quad @ 2.8GHz proccessor with 2x2GB of DDR3 Ram (EntityFramework overheads are considered). And we will have about 2000 concurrent user at peek times. So, what is the best recommended specifications (CPU/RAM/RAID/...) for the server which will be host this application? -- Or -- How can I calculate that?

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