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  • How can I rank teams based off of head to head wins/losses

    - by TMP
    I'm trying to write an algorithm (specifically in Ruby) that will rank teams based on their record against each other. If a team A and team B have won the same amount of games against each other, then it goes down to point differentials. Here's an example: A beat B two times B beats C one time A beats D three times C bests D two times D beats C one time B beats A one time Which sort of reduces to A[B] = 2 B[C] = 1 A[D] = 3 C[D] = 2 D[C] = 1 B[A] = 1 Which sort of reduces to A[B] = 1 B[C] = 1 A[D] = 3 C[D] = 1 D[C] = -1 B[A] = -1 Which is about how far I've got I think the results of this specific algorithm would be: A, B, C, D But I'm stuck on how to transition from my nested hash-like structure to the results. My psuedo-code is as follows (I can post my ruby code too if someone wants): For each game(g): hash[g.winner][g.loser] += 1 That leaves hash as the first reduction above hash2 = clone of hash For each key(winner), value(losers hash) in hash: For each key(loser), value(losses against winner): hash2[loser][winner] -= losses Which leaves hash2 as the second reduction Feel free to as me question or edit this to be more clear, I'm not sure of how to put it in a very eloquent way. Thanks!

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  • Agile and different facet of software development

    - by arjun
    It is said that the Kanban methodology is suited for software maintenance and support areas, whereas Scrum is more suited for new product development. No process or methods are complete. Using the right one will help you succeed, but they will not guarantee success. Which agile approach is best suited for a project which is basically a re-platforming from one technology to another (say from Java to .NET).

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  • Are outdated comments an urban myth?

    - by Karl Bielefeldt
    I constantly see people making the claim that "comments tend to become outdated." The thing is, I think I have seen maybe two or three outdated comments my entire career. Outdated information in separate documents happens all the time, but in my experience outdated comments in the code itself are exceedingly rare. Have I just been lucky in who I work with? Are certain industries more prone to this problem than others? Do you have specific examples of recent outdated comments you've seen? Or are outdated comments more of a theoretical problem than an actual one?

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  • Should I implement slugs with my already fairly long URLs?

    - by Earlz
    I'm considering implementing slugs in my blog. My blog uses MongoDB. One of the side-effects of using MongoDB is that it uses relatively long hex string IDs. Example before: http://lastyearswishes.com/blog/view/5070f025d1f1a5760fdfafac after: http://lastyearswishes.com/blog/view/5070f025d1f1a5760fdfafac/improvements-on-barelymvc Of course, that's a relatively short title.. I have some longer ones, but intend to limit the maximum character limit for slugs to something reasonable. At what point does a URL become so long that it hurts SEO instead of improves it? In this case, should I leave my URLs alone, or add slugs?

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  • Error Copying Source File in Audio Spectrum Visualizer [closed]

    - by David Dimalanta
    I'm testing this code using LibGDX, Java, and Eclipse to test the music player that detects the frequency. I saw this one on this website plus the link on GitHub: http://gtomee.com/2012/07/28/audio-spectrum-visualizer-with-libgdx/ It works when running on desktop project folder but not on Android project folder and the result is this: 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): FATAL EXCEPTION: GLThread 16845 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: Error copying source file: soundtrack 1 bioman.mp3 (Internal) 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): To destination: tmp/audio-spectrum.mp3 (External) 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): at com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle.copyFile(FileHandle.java:625) 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): at com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle.copyTo(FileHandle.java:534) 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): at com.bodapps.rhythm.Drop.create(Drop.java:393) 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): at com.badlogic.gdx.backends.android.AndroidGraphics.onSurfaceChanged(AndroidGraphics.java:292) 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): at android.opengl.GLSurfaceView$GLThread.guardedRun(GLSurfaceView.java:1505) 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): at android.opengl.GLSurfaceView$GLThread.run(GLSurfaceView.java:1240) 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): Caused by: com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: Error stream writing to file: tmp/audio-spectrum.mp3 (External) 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): at com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle.write(FileHandle.java:313) 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): at com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle.copyFile(FileHandle.java:623) 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): ... 5 more 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): Caused by: com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: Error writing file: tmp/audio-spectrum.mp3 (External) 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): at com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle.write(FileHandle.java:293) 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): at com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle.write(FileHandle.java:305) 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): ... 6 more 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: /storage/sdcard0/tmp/audio-spectrum.mp3: open failed: EACCES (Permission denied) 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): at libcore.io.IoBridge.open(IoBridge.java:416) 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:88) 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): at com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle.write(FileHandle.java:289) 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): ... 7 more 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): Caused by: libcore.io.ErrnoException: open failed: EACCES (Permission denied) 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): at libcore.io.Posix.open(Native Method) 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): at libcore.io.BlockGuardOs.open(BlockGuardOs.java:110) 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): at libcore.io.IoBridge.open(IoBridge.java:400) 10-10 13:57:45.320: E/AndroidRuntime(9421): ... 9 more I'm not sure if I come this to the right place for help and suggestions.

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  • May I use full-texted feed for my News Reader app?

    - by Mahdi Ghiasi
    I'm creating a news reader app. (Users will choose sources, but not the exact feed addresses. for example, they can choose Gizmodo but they will not see the exact url of Gizmodo's feed) Some of sources are giving partial feeds, and user must go to their website to read the complete article. My question is, May I make a fulltext version of their feed (for example, using this service) and use it instead of their feed in my News reader categories? Am I legally/ethically allowed to do this? What about using some other service like Readability? (Readability gives HTML page instead of feed as input, but anyway, output will be clean article without any advertises or such) Please note that some of these partial feeds may have some advertises inside, but the fulltext feed generators usually remove that advertises.

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  • mips number of clock cycles and how improving code

    - by Hooman
    I'm really new in MIPS and I have these questions which I found so many dissimil answers for them ... if someone can help, it would be great. Thanks How many clock cycles does this code take? #Macro Instructions li $t0, 32 # 1 or 2 cycles ? # lui $at, Upper 16-bits of value # ori Rd, $at, Lower 16-bits of value # ----------------------------------- # ori Rt, $0, value # # Which set of instructions will be executed? div $t2, $t2, $t0 # 41 cycles? # bne Rt, $0, # break $0 # ok: div Rs, Rt # mflo Rd #Integer Instruction lw $t2, 0($t13) # 1 cycles? sw $t2, 0($t3) # 1 cycles? How those 4 lines of codes can be significantly improved? by avoiding to use Macros or ... ?

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  • PHP MYSQL loop to check if LicenseID Values are contained in mysql DB [closed]

    - by Jasper
    I have some troubles to find the right loop to check if some values are contained in mysql DB. I'm making a software and I want to add license ID. Each user has x keys to use. Now when the user start the client, it invokes a PHP page that check if the Key sent in the POST method is stored in DB or not. If that key isn't store than I need to check the number of his keys. If it's than X I'll ban him otherwise i add the new keys in the DB. I'm new with PHP and MYSQL. I wrote this code and I would know if I can improve it. <?php $user = POST METHOD $licenseID = POST METHOD $resultLic= mysql_query("SELECT id , idUser , idLicense FROM license WHERE idUser = '$user'") or die(mysql_error()); $resultNumber = mysql_num_rows($resultLic); $keyFound = '0'; // If keyfound is 1 the key is stored in DB while ($rows = mysql_fetch_array($resultLic,MYSQL_BOTH)) { //this loop check if the $licenseID is stored in DB or not for($i=0; $i< $resultNumber ; i++) { if($rows['idLicense'] === $licenseID) { //Just for the debug echo("License Found"); $keyFound = '1'; break; } //If key isn't in DB and there are less than 3 keys the new key will be store in DB if($keyfound == '0' && $resultNumber < 3) { mysql_query( Update users set ...Store $licenseID in Table) } // Else mean that the user want user another generated key (from the client) in the DB and i will be ban (It's wrote in TOS terms that they cant use the software on more than 3 different station) else { mysql_query( update users set ban ='1'.....etc ); } } ?> I know that this code seems really bad so i would know how i can improve it. Someone Could give me any advice? I choose to have 2 tables: users where all information about the users is, with fields id, username, password and another table license with fields id, idUsername, idLicense (the last one store license that the software generate)

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  • Complex algorithm for complex problem

    - by Locaaaaa
    I got this question in an interview and I was not able to solve it. You have a circular road, with N number of gas stations. You know the ammount of gas that each station has. You know the ammount of gas you need to GO from one station to the next one. Your car starts with 0. The question is: Create an algorithm, to know from which gas station you must start driving. As an exercise to me, I would translate the algorithm to C#.

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  • Any language where every class instance is a class too?

    - by Dokkat
    Taking inspiration from Javascript prototypes, I had the idea of a language where every instance can be used as a class. Before I potentially reinvent the wheel, I would like to ask if there is a language already using this concept: //To declare a Class, extend the base class (in this case, Type) Type(Weapon,{price:0}); //Same syntax to inherit; simply extend the parent: Weapon(Sword,{price:3}); Weapon(Axe,{price:4}); Sword(Katana,{price:7}); Sword(Dagger,{price:3}); //And the same to create an instance: Katana(myKatana,{nickname:"Leon"}); myKatana.price; // 7 myKatana.nickname; // Leon // An operator to return children of a class; Sword_; // [Katana, Dagger] // An operator to return array of descendants; Sword__; // [Katana, Dagger, myKatana] // An operator to return array of parents; Sword^; // Weapon // Arrays can be used as elements Sword__.price += 1; //increases price of Sword's descendants by 1 mySword.price; //8 // And to access specific element (using its name instead of index) var name = "mySword" Katana_[name]; // [mySword] Katana_[name].nickname; // Leon Has this kind of approach been already studied/implemented?

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  • Why can't we capture the design of software more effectively?

    - by Ira Baxter
    As engineers, we all "design" artifacts (buildings, programs, circuits, molecules...). That's an activity (design-the-verb) that produces some kind of result (design-the-noun). I think we all agree that design-the-noun is a different entity than the artifact itself. A key activity in the software business (indeed, in any business where the resulting product artifact needs to be enhanced) is to understand the "design (the-noun)". Yet we seem, as a community, to be pretty much complete failures at recording it, as evidenced by the amount of effort people put into rediscovering facts about their code base. Ask somebody to show you the design of their code and see what you get. I think of a design for software as having: An explicit specification for what the software is supposed to do and how well it does it An explicit version of the code (this part is easy, everybody has it) An explanation for how each part of the code serves to achieve the specification A rationale as to why the code is the way it is (e.g., why a particualr choice rather than another) What is NOT a design is a particular perspective on the code. For example [not to pick specifically on] UML diagrams are not designs. Rather, they are properties you can derive from the code, or arguably, properties you wish you could derive from the code. But as a general rule, you can't derive the code from UML. Why is it that after 50+ years of building software, why don't we have regular ways to express this? My personal opinion is that we don't have good ways to express this. Even if we do, most of the community seems so focused on getting "code" that design-the-noun gets lost anyway. (IMHO, until design becomes the purpose of engineering, with the artifact extracted from the design, we're not going to get around this). What have you seen as means for recording designs (in the sense I have described it)? Explicit references to papers would be good. Why do you think specific and general means have not been succesful? How can we change this?

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  • How much is modern programming still tied to underyling digital logic?

    - by New Talk
    First of all: I've got no academic background. I'm working primarily with Java and Spring and I'm also fond of web programming and relational databases. I hope I'm using the right terms and I hope that this vague question makes some sense. Today the following question came to my mind: How much is modern programming still tied to the underlying digital logic? With modern programming I mean concepts like OOP, AOP, Java 7, AJAX, … I hope you get the idea. Do they no longer need the digital logic with which computers are working internally? Or is binary logic still ubiquitous when programming this way? If I'd change the inner workings of a computer overnight, would it matter, because my programming techniques are already that abstract? P. S.: With digital logic I mean the physical representation of everything "inside" the computer as zeroes and ones. Changed "binary" to "digital".

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  • How to avoid big and clumsy UITableViewController on iOS?

    - by Johan Karlsson
    I have a problem when implementing the MVC-pattern on iOS. I have searched the Internet but seems not to find any nice solution to this problem. Many UITableViewController implementations seems to be rather big. Most examples I have seen lets the UITableViewController implement <UITableViewDelegate> and <UITableViewDataSource>. These implementations are a big reason why UITableViewControlleris getting big. One solution would be to create separate classes that implements <UITableViewDelegate> and <UITableViewDataSource>. Of course these classes would have to have a reference to the UITableViewController. Are there any drawbacks using this solution? In general I think you should delegate the functionality to other "Helper" classes or similar, using the delegate pattern. Are there any well established ways of solving this problem? I do not want the model to contain too much functionality, nor the view. I believe that the logic should really be in the controller class, since this is one of the cornerstones of the MVC-pattern. But the big question is: How should you divide the controller of a MVC-implementation into smaller manageable pieces? (Applies to MVC in iOS in this case) There might be a general pattern for solving this, although I am specifically looking for a solution for iOS. Please give an example of a good pattern for solving this issue. Please provide an argument why your solution is awesome.

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  • Software Licenses: No Distribution and Private Selling Using Dual Licenses

    - by user102945
    Hi I recently wrote a couple of WordPress Themes in PHP and was wondering what license i should put on it. I don't mind users reusing my code but i don't want them to be able to sell and redistribute my themes as i want to retain that right. I heard somewhere that an all rights reserved link would stop the distributing etc. Is that true or do i need to include another license and dual license my Themes. So to sum it up i want to use a license to stop others from selling and distributing my themes, while at the same time letting others use the code if they want to.

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  • How to practice object oriented programming?

    - by user1620696
    I've always programmed in procedural languages and currently I'm moving towards object orientation. The main problem I've faced is that I can't see a way to practice object orientation in an effective way. I'll explain my point. When I've learned PHP and C it was pretty easy to practice: it was just matter of choosing something and thinking about an algorithm for that thing. In PHP for example, it was matter os sitting down and thinking: "well, just to practice, let me build one application with an administration area where people can add products". This was pretty easy, it was matter of thinking of an algorithm to register some user, to login the user, and to add the products. Combining these with PHP features, it was a good way to practice. Now, in object orientation we have lots of additional things. It's not just a matter of thinking about an algorithm, but analysing requirements deeper, writing use cases, figuring out class diagrams, properties and methods, setting up dependency injection and lots of things. The main point is that in the way I've been learning object orientation it seems that a good design is crucial, while in procedural languages one vague idea was enough. I'm not saying that in procedural languages we can write good software without design, just that for sake of practicing it is feasible, while in object orientation it seems not feasible to go without a good design, even for practicing. This seems to be a problem, because if each time I'm going to practice I need to figure out tons of requirements, use cases and so on, it seems to become not a good way to become better at object orientation, because this requires me to have one whole idea for an app everytime I'm going to practice. Because of that, what's a good way to practice object orientation?

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  • How to know which fields of a record are updated in saving the edit? [closed]

    - by Luiz Maffort
    I'm recording in a log table all that is changed in a given table, so this need to know when for example the User to change the status from active to inactive. With this information I will write in my log table information of which record was changed, by whom and what was the value of old and new. If I instantiate an object before: db.Entry(chamados).State = EntityState.Modified; I can even compare, but this error appears at runtime. *An object with the same key already exists in the ObjectStateManager. The ObjectStateManager cannot track multiple objects with the same key. * Podem me ajudar por favor?

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  • Generic log analyzer that produces reports

    - by Eugene
    About 600 customers use our application. We have very detailed logs for everything that happens in the application, from changes in the data model, memory and CPU/GPU usage to clicks on the UI elements. We want to be able to parse the logs coming from these customers and analyze them to understand how users use our application and what happens internally in the application. Is there a log analyzer that can produce such reports automatically?

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  • How to design database having multiple interrelated entities

    - by Sharath Chandra
    I am designing a new system which is more of a help system for core applications in banks or healthcare sector. Given the nature of the system this is not a heavy transaction oriented system but more of read intensive. Now within this application I have multiple entities which are related to each other. For e.g. Assume the following entities in the system User Training Regulations Now each of these entities have M:N Relationship with each other. Assuming the usage of a standard RDBMS, the design may involve many relationship tables each containing the relationships one other entity ("User_Training", "User_Regulations", "Training_Regulations"). This design is limiting since I have more than 3 entities in the system and maintaining the relationship graph is difficult this way. The most frequently used operation is "given an entity get me all the related entities" . I need to design the database where this operation is relatively inexpensive. What are the different recommendations for modelling this kind of database.

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  • Are there well-known PowerShell coding conventions?

    - by Tahir Hassan
    Are there any well-defined conventions when programming in PowerShell? For example, in scripts which are to be maintained long-term, do we need to: Use the real cmdlet name or alias? Specify the cmdlet parameter name in full or only partially (dir -Recurse versus dir -r) When specifying string arguments for cmdlets do you enclose them in quotes (New-Object 'System.Int32' versus New-Object System.Int32 When writing functions and filters do you specify the types of parameters? Do you write cmdlets in the (official) correct case? For keywords like BEGIN...PROCESS...END do you write them in uppercase only? It seems that MSDN lack coding conventions document for PowerShell, while such document exist for example for C#.

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  • What deployment framework to use?

    - by jeruki
    We are trying to figure out what deployment method/framework to use with a python application, it has a basic wsgi server to make some REST resources available and a set of static web pages with the interface that are served through apache. The situation is as follows: My team works in isolated parts of the program and sometimes together in specific modules, we have different testing servers and one master server, we all work locally, sync the code using git, and then run a bash script that copies the files from the windows machines to the indicated linux server(using ssh) and then restarts the app. After thinking about it this doesn't seem to be the right way to do it, the script overwrites all the files in the server with the local files everytime. We want to be able to work in the same server without the worry of overwriting other people's code and we need to deploy to different servers to avoid restarting the service while others work with it and in the near future we need to deploy to the master or several clones of the master server when the application reaches a more mature state. We found serveral options capistrano, kwate, chef or fortress, even fleet but we wanted to have opinions from people that has used them to be sure it is what we need. So this are the main questions: Are these the kind of programs we should be looking at to achive a safe concurrent deployment process? Which one have you used/recommend and why? do you think it would help in our actual situation? Thank you so much for your feedback and advice on this.

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  • How can I compare between web development technologies?

    - by Steve
    I would like experts to explain for me how can I compare between web development tools or technologies in order to be able to choose the right one. I'm tired from searching always in the regular way: X Technology vs Y Technology. I'm tired from peoples' biased opinions and usually I don't find a fair comparison. I have decided to put my question here about how can I compare them so you may identify to me the main standards for comparisons so I can compare them by myself and becoming able to choose the technology that is appropriate for the project I will develop. Note: in web development technologies I mean server side languages (e.g. PHP). One important requirement for me that can be defined as major one is cost efficiency and I mean that I don't care about the cost in the near future or the current cost, but what is more important for me is the cost in the future. If, for example, the site becomes one of the most 100 visited sites.   So, how can I compare the cost of different technologies for a future status of a site (such as being very famous site) so I can scale my option easily without missing a good technology like what happened with some sites when they chose not the most effective tool.

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  • Message Queue: Which one is the best scenario?

    - by pandaforme
    I write a web crawler. The crawler has 2 steps: get a html page then parse the page I want to use message queue to improve performance and throughput. I think 2 scenarios: scenario 1: structure: urlProducer -> queue1 -> urlConsumer -> queue2 -> parserConsumer urlProducer: get a target url and add it to queue1 urlConsumer: according to the job info, get the html page and add it to queue2 parserConsumer: according to the job info, parse the page scenario 2: structure: urlProducer -> queue1 -> urlConsumer parserProducer-> queue2 -> parserConsumer urlProducer : get a target url and add it to queue1 urlConsumer: according to the job info, get the html page and write it to db parserProducer: get the html page from db and add it to queue2 parserConsumer: according to the job info, parse the page There are multiple producers or consumers in each structure. scenario1 likes a chaining call. It's difficult to find the point of problem, when occurring errors. scenario2 decouples queue1 and queue2. It's easy to find the point of problem, when occurring errors. I'm not sure the notion is correct. Which one is the best scenario? Or other scenarios? Thanks~

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  • iOS Guidelines for Free vs. Paid apps

    - by unforgiven3
    A few months back, I was doing some recreational reading at the iOS Dev Center, and I came across a small list of guidelines for free vs. paid apps. It included guidance along these lines: How not to promote a paid version within a free version Not displaying "placeholder" buttons in a free version that "work" in a paid version I can't remember much more than that, and I cannot find it anymore on the iOS Dev Center. It's possible I imagined it entirely, but I doubt it - does anyone have a link to this information, or have a set of guidelines for free vs. paid apps in the App Store?

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  • How do you explain refactoring to a non-technical person?

    - by Benjol
    (This question was inspired by the most-voted answer here) How do you go about explaining refactoring (and technical debt) to a non-technical person (typically a PHB or customer)? ("What, it's going to cost me a month of your work with no visible difference?!") UPDATE Thanks for all the answers so far, I think this list will provide several useful analogies to which we can point the appropriate people (though editing out references to PHBs may be wise!)

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  • Type checking and recursive types (Writing the Y combinator in Haskell/Ocaml)

    - by beta
    When explaining the Y combinator in the context of Haskell, it's usually noted that the straight-forward implementation won't type-check in Haskell because of its recursive type. For example, from Rosettacode [1]: The obvious definition of the Y combinator in Haskell canot be used because it contains an infinite recursive type (a = a -> b). Defining a data type (Mu) allows this recursion to be broken. newtype Mu a = Roll { unroll :: Mu a -> a } fix :: (a -> a) -> a fix = \f -> (\x -> f (unroll x x)) $ Roll (\x -> f (unroll x x)) And indeed, the “obvious” definition does not type check: ?> let fix f g = (\x -> \a -> f (x x) a) (\x -> \a -> f (x x) a) g <interactive>:10:33: Occurs check: cannot construct the infinite type: t2 = t2 -> t0 -> t1 Expected type: t2 -> t0 -> t1 Actual type: (t2 -> t0 -> t1) -> t0 -> t1 In the first argument of `x', namely `x' In the first argument of `f', namely `(x x)' In the expression: f (x x) a <interactive>:10:57: Occurs check: cannot construct the infinite type: t2 = t2 -> t0 -> t1 In the first argument of `x', namely `x' In the first argument of `f', namely `(x x)' In the expression: f (x x) a (0.01 secs, 1033328 bytes) The same limitation exists in Ocaml: utop # let fix f g = (fun x a -> f (x x) a) (fun x a -> f (x x) a) g;; Error: This expression has type 'a -> 'b but an expression was expected of type 'a The type variable 'a occurs inside 'a -> 'b However, in Ocaml, one can allow recursive types by passing in the -rectypes switch: -rectypes Allow arbitrary recursive types during type-checking. By default, only recursive types where the recursion goes through an object type are supported. By using -rectypes, everything works: utop # let fix f g = (fun x a -> f (x x) a) (fun x a -> f (x x) a) g;; val fix : (('a -> 'b) -> 'a -> 'b) -> 'a -> 'b = <fun> utop # let fact_improver partial n = if n = 0 then 1 else n*partial (n-1);; val fact_improver : (int -> int) -> int -> int = <fun> utop # (fix fact_improver) 5;; - : int = 120 Being curious about type systems and type inference, this raises some questions I'm still not able to answer. First, how does the type checker come up with the type t2 = t2 -> t0 -> t1? Having come up with that type, I guess the problem is that the type (t2) refers to itself on the right side? Second, and perhaps most interesting, what is the reason for the Haskell/Ocaml type systems to disallow this? I guess there is a good reason since Ocaml also will not allow it by default even if it can deal with recursive types if given the -rectypes switch. If these are really big topics, I'd appreciate pointers to relevant literature. [1] http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Y_combinator#Haskell

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