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• Rights and use of developed software

  - by Nils Munch

  I have been working on a piece of software for a company, that they wish to resell. There was an mail-based agreement upon a flat hourly rate for my work, and eager me chose to accept a rather low fee. Due to the stress and tempo of the task, a direct contract was never formed or signed. The software was developed locally on my machine, and I was pretty much alone with it, except by excellent help from StackOverflow when I got stuck. Now, the software is nearing completion, I suddenly hear that they have hired a new developer to make the same piece of software as me, and that I was expected to resign within long. Confused I ask around, and realize that the CEO of the company had informed the rest of the company that I was terminally ill and had cancer, and was expected to leave the company soon. Since I'm perfectly healthy, this confused me even more, until I realized what was going on. When I confronted my boss with this, I was no longer seen as a member of the company, and I left the same day, never to return. Later, I raised the question about my missing pay, since I had been working for quite a bit, and not received any payment for my software. I saw that they had already sold a fair copy of my software, and since it's not exactly sold cheap, the company should have plenty of gold to pay me. The company refused, and said that they owned the software, and everything it contained. That was a lot of drama, but my question is this: Who has the rights to the software ? The source code had my personal watermarks and copyrights inprinted, but they have since simply deleted it. The company claim that they have all the rights, because they have a website made about the product, where they write that they have "All rights reserved" in the bottom. My instinct tells me that if a company buys a service like this, and then refuses to pay their developer, then they should not be allowed to keep, and much less resell the product. I have not signed any agreements about giving the company the use of this product, I have made it in my own time and without help from the rest of the company. This all takes place in Denmark, Europe, but I would guess that the rules about this is somewhat universal. Im not the strongest person to legal-talk, so I might be wrong.

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• What's special about currying or partial application?

  - by Vigneshwaran

  I've been reading articles on Functional programming everyday and been trying to apply some practices as much as possible. But I don't understand what is unique in currying or partial application. Take this Groovy code as an example: def mul = { a, b -> a * b } def tripler1 = mul.curry(3) def tripler2 = { mul(3, it) } I do not understand what is the difference between tripler1 and tripler2. Aren't they both the same? The 'currying' is supported in pure or partial functional languages like Groovy, Scala, Haskell etc. But I can do the same thing (left-curry, right-curry, n-curry or partial application) by simply creating another named or anonymous function or closure that will forward the parameters to the original function (like tripler2) in most languages (even C.) Am I missing something here? There are places where I can use currying and partial application in my Grails application but I am hesitating to do so because I'm asking myself "How's that different?" Please enlighten me.

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• Is there an appropriate coding style for implementing an algorithm during an interview?

  - by GlenPeterson

  I failed an interview question in C years ago about converting hex to decimal by not exploiting the ASCII table if (inputDigitByte > 9) hex = inputDigitByte - 'a'. The rise of Unicode has made this question pretty silly, but the point was that the interviewer valued raw execution speed above readability and error handling. They tell you to review algorithms textbooks to prepare for these interviews, yet these same textbooks tend to favor the implementation with the fewest lines of code, even if it has to rely on magic numbers (like "infinity") and a slower, more memory-intensive implementation (like a linked list instead of an array) to do that. I don't know what is right. Coding an algorithm within the space of an interview has at least 3 constraints: time to code, elegance/readability, and efficiency of execution. What trade-offs are appropriate for interview code? How much do you follow the textbook definition of an algorithm? Is it better to eliminate recursion, unroll loops, and use arrays for efficiency? Or is it better to use recursion and special values like "infinity" or Integer.MAX_VALUE to reduce the number of lines of code needed to write the algorithm? Interface: Make a very self-contained, bullet-proof interface, or sloppy and fast? On the one extreme, the array to be sorted might be a public static variable. On the other extreme, it might need to be passed to each method, allowing methods to be called individually from different threads for different purposes. Is it appropriate to use a linked-list data structure for items that are traversed in one direction vs. using arrays and doubling the size when the array is full? Implementing a singly-linked list during the interview is often much faster to code and easier remember for recursive algorithms like MergeSort. Thread safety - just document that it's unsafe, or say so verbally? How much should the interviewee be looking for opportunities for parallel processing? Is bit shifting appropriate? x / 2 or x >> 1 Polymorphism, type safety, and generics? Comments? Variable and method names: qs(a, p, q, r) vs: quickSort(theArray, minIdx, partIdx, maxIdx) How much should you use existing APIs? Obviously you can't use a java.util.HashMap to implement a hash-table, but what about using a java.util.List to accumulate your sorted results? Are there any guiding principals that would answer these and other questions, or is the guiding principal to ask the interviewer? Or maybe this should be the basis of a discussion while writing the code? If an interviewer can't or won't answer one of these questions, are there any tips for coaxing the information out of them?

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• Conways Game of Life C#

  - by Darren Young

  Hi, Not sure if this is the correct place for this question or SO - mods please move if necessary. I am going to have a go at creating GoL over the weekend as a little test project : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway's_Game_of_Life I understand the algorithm, however I just wanted to check regarding the implementation, from maybe somebody that has tried it. Essentially, my first (basic) implementation, will be a static grid at a set speed. If I understand correctly, these are the steps I will need: Initial seed Create 2d array with initial set up Foreach iteration, create temporary array, calculating each cells new state based on the Game of Life algorithm Assign temp array to proper array. Redraw grid from proper array. My concerns are over speed. When I am populating the grid from the array, would it simply be a case of looping through the array, assigning on or off to each grid cell and then redraw the grid? Am I on the correct path?

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• C-Objective Function

  - by nimbus

  I'm unsure about how to make MWE with C-Obective, so if you need anything else let me know. I am trying running through a tutorial on building an iPhone app and have gotten stuck defining a function. I keep getting an error message saying "use of undeclared indentifer." However I believe I have initiated the function. In the view controller I have: if (scrollAmount > 0) { moveViewUp = YES; [scrollTheView:YES]; } else{ moveViewUp = NO; } with the function under it - (void)scrollTheView:(BOOL)movedUp { [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:NULL]; [UIView setAnimationDuration:0.3]; CGRect rect = self.view.frame; if (movedUp){ rect.origin.y -= scrollAmount; } else { rect.origin.y += scrollAmount; } self.view.frame = rect; [UIView commitAnimations]; } I have initiated the function in the header file (that I have imported). - (void)scrollTheView:(BOOL)movedUp; Any help would be appreciated, thank you in advanced

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• Charles Barkley syndrome

  - by dacracot

  Charles Barkley was an excellent basketball player, a hall of fame, and a dream team member. He played for the 76ers, Suns, and Rockets. Yet he never won an NBA championship. Some might argue this was because he was never surrounded by other players of his caliber, and in the NBA, you can't win on your own. So what does this have to do with programming? How many of you out there feel like Sir Charles? Leading your team in every category, KLOCs, bugs fixed, systems configured... Always the one pushing for improvements, upgrading systems, negotiating with customers... Feeling like you are carrying the team. Anger just under the surface. Only to retire eventually, without "the ring"1. 1: Keep in mind, Charles never blamed his team. He just performed at his best.

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• Professional Developers, may I join you?

  - by Ben

  I currently work in technical support for a software/hardware company and for the most part it's a good job, but it's feeling more and more like I'm getting 'stuck' here. No raises in the 5 years I've been here, and lately there seems to be more hiring from the outside than promotion from within. The work I do is more technical than end-user support, as we deal primarily with our field technicians who have a little more technical skill than the general user base. As a result I get into much more technical support issues... often tracking down bugs in our software, finding performance bottlenecks in our database schema, etc. The work I'm most proud of are the development projects I've come up with on my own, and worked on during lunch breaks and slow periods in Support. Over the years I've written a number of useful utilities for the company. Diagnostic type applications that several departments use and appreciate. These include apps that simulate our various hardware devices, log file analysis, time-saving utilities for our work processes, etc. My best projects have been the hardware simulation programs, which are the type of thing we probably wouldn't have put a full-time developer on had anyone thought to do it, but they've ended up being popular and useful enough to be used by development, QA, R&D, and Support. They allow us to interface our software with simulated hardware, rather than clutter up our work areas with bulky, hard to acquire equipment. Since starting here my life has moved forward (married, kid, one more on the way), but it feels like my career has not. I still earn what I earned walking in the door my first day. Company budget is tight, bonuses have gone down, and no raises or cost of living / inflation adjustments either. As the sole source of income for my family I feel I need to do more, and I'd like to have a more active role in creating something at work, not just cleaning up other people's mistakes. I enjoy technical work, and I think development is the next logical step in my career. I'd like to bring some "legitimacy" to my part-time development work, and make myself a more skilled and valuable employee. Ultimately if this can help me better support my family, that would be ideal. Can I make the jump to professional developer? I have an engineering degree, but no formal education in computer science. I write WinForms apps using the .NET framework, do some freelance web development, have volunteered to write software for a nonprofit, and have started experimenting with programming microcontrollers. I enjoy learning new things in the limited free time I have available. I think I have the aptitude to take on a development role, even in an 'apprentice' capacity if such an option is possible. Have any of you moved into development like this? Do any of you developers have any advice or cautionary tales? Are there better career options I haven't thought of? I welcome any and all related comments and thank you in advance for posting them.

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• Best practice for managing dynamic HTML modules?

  - by jt0dd

  I've been building web apps that add and remove lots of dynamic content and even structure within the page, and I'm not impressed by the method I'm using to do it. When I want to add a section or module into a position in the interface, I'm storing the html in the code, and I don't like that: if (rank == "moderator") { $("#header").append('<div class="mod_controls">' + // content, using + to implement line breaks '</div>'); } This seems like such a bad programming practice.. There must be a better way. I thought of building a function to convert a JSON structure to html, but it seems like overkill. For the functionality of the apps I'm using: Node.js JS JQuery AJAX Is there some common way to store HTML modules externally for AJAX importation?

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• Best approach to accessing multiple data source in a web application

  - by ced

  I've a base web application developed with .net technologies (asp.net) used into our LAN by 30 users simultanousley. From this web application I've developed two verticalization used from online users. In future i expect hundreds users simultanousley. Our company has different locations. Each site use its own database. The web application needs to retrieve information from all existing databases. Currently there are 3 database, but it's not excluded in the future expansion of new offices. My question then is: What is the best strategy for a web application to retrieve information from different databases (which have the same schema) whereas the main objective performance data access and high fault tolerance? There are case studies in the literature that I can take as an example? Do you know some good documents to study? Do you have any tips to implement this task so efficient? Intuitively I would say that two possible strategy are: perform queries from different sources in real time and aggregate data on the fly; create a repository that contains the union of the entities of interest and perform queries directly on repository;

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• How is architectural design done in an agile environment?

  - by B?????

  I have read Principles for the Agile Architect, where they defined next principles : Principle #1 The teams that code the system design the system. Principle #2 Build the simplest architecture that can possibly work. Principle #3 When in doubt, code it out. Principle #4 They build it, they test it. Principle #5 The bigger the system, the longer the runway. Principle #6 System architecture is a role collaboration. Principle #7 There is no monopoly on innovation. The paper says that most of the architecture design is done during the coding phase, and only system design before that. That is fine. So, how is the system design done? Using UML? Or a document that defines interfaces and major blocks? Maybe something else?

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• Does it ever make sense to license source code as a learning resource under GPL?

  - by Earlz

  I recently came across a series of articles walking through how to make a scheme interpreter. I was browsing through the code when I realized that it was AGPL. For the most part, the code itself is the teaching tool. Basically, the code as-is is what I need, however, I did want to understand how it all fits together as well. I realized though that if I copy and paste a single line of code, my project would become AGPL. Possibly by even more trivial actions? Anyway, is this a standard practice at all? Am I just being over-paranoid? Also, what benefits are there to this licensing scheme?

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• Opensource showcase for MVC in Java Swing

  - by Regular John

  I've allready created small desktop CRUD applications using Java/Swing. In hindsight I'm not quite sure if the overall design of these applications is good. I've also done some reading on MVC and looked at different Swing-tutorials. My problem is, that I've got a very theroatical knowledge of MVC and on the other hand, most Swing-resources don't implement the MVC-pattern. Now I would like to get my hands dirty and see how MVC is implemented in Swing in a real-world-application. Are there any opensource project you could recommend? It would be also interesting to have more than one project, to see different approaches. Best fit would be a software, that uses a relational database in the backend, to see an overall design, that I can compare to my former applications.

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• ASP.NET web-application example for newbies

  - by A-Cube

  I want to learn ASP.NET web-application development by example. I want to learn it from an already developed web-application that is good as a tutorial for newbies. A fully functional web application that is small but powerful enough to teach newbies the development effort required for web-application development. I am looking for some application that is made using software engineering principles and not just a code written haphazardly.

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• Data binding in web UI frameworks, what's the deal?

  - by c-smile

  I believe that most of modern Web frameworks that pretend to be MVC ones also has a notion of data binding in one form or another. Examples: AngularJS, EmberJS, KnockoutJS, etc. I am assuming that "data binding" is a declarative definition (oxymoron, no?) of live link between data (a.k.a. model) and its representation (a.k.a. view). With some transformers in between (a.k.a. controllers). I understand why declarativeness is kind of appealing but also understand that as usual it comes with the price. In particular: 1. Live binding is quite heavy, either with dirty watch (high CPU consumption) or with Object.observe() (high memory consumption with high CPU load in some scenarios). 2. There is a "frame" part in the framework word, means there are some boundaries/limits that can be hard to overcome if you need slightly more than it was designed for. Quite usual time split: 90% of features are made in 10% of project time. But 10% rest take 90% of project time. I suspect (a.k.a. educated guess) that those MVC things are not helping to implement more functionality in less time... If so their usage motivation is not quite clear. As an example: last week wanted to find virtual list idea/solution. Found one in vanilla JavaScript that is 120 LOC. Implementation of the same but in AngualrJS is about 420 LOC. Most of the code there seems like a fight with the framework itself... So is my question: what benefits that MVC stuff or data binding give us? Is it just a buzzword popular among project managers or they give us something useful. If later one then what exactly?

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• How should I make searching a relational database more efficient?

  - by Travis J

  This is in the scope of a web application. I have a database which has a few nested relations. There is a feature which depicts the history of a large chain of relations. It is essentially a data analysis feature. The issue is that in order to search, a large object graph must be loaded - the loading time for this object graph is not quick enough to be viable. The problem is that without loading the whole graph it makes searching from a single string nearly impossible. In order to search, explicit fields must be specified and the search data supplied. Is there a design pattern for exposing the data in a way which facilitates a single string search instead of having to explicitly define parameters?

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• Is throwing an error in unpredictable subclass-specific circumstances a violation of LSP?

  - by Motti Strom

  Say, I wanted to create a Java List<String> (see spec) implementation that uses a complex subsystem, such as a database or file system, for its store so that it becomes a simple persistent collection rather than an basic in-memory one. (We're limiting it specifically to a List of Strings for the purposes of discussion, but it could extended to automatically de-/serialise any object, with some help. We can also provide persistent Sets, Maps and so on in this way too.) So here's a skeleton implementation: class DbBackedList implements List<String> { private DbBackedList() {} /** Returns a list, possibly non-empty */ public static getList() { return new DbBackedList(); } public String get(int index) { return Db.getTable().getRow(i).asString(); // may throw DbExceptions! } // add(String), add(int, String), etc. ... } My problem lies with the fact that the underlying DB API may encounter connection errors that are not specified in the List interface that it should throw. My problem is whether this violates Liskov's Substitution Principle (LSP). Bob Martin actually gives an example of a PersistentSet in his paper on LSP that violates LSP. The difference is that his newly-specified Exception there is determined by the inserted value and so is strengthening the precondition. In my case the connection/read error is unpredictable and due to external factors and so is not technically a new precondition, merely an error of circumstance, perhaps like OutOfMemoryError which can occur even when unspecified. In normal circumstances, the new Error/Exception might never be thrown. (The caller could catch if it is aware of the possibility, just as a memory-restricted Java program might specifically catch OOME.) Is this therefore a valid argument for throwing an extra error and can I still claim to be a valid java.util.List (or pick your SDK/language/collection in general) and not in violation of LSP? If this does indeed violate LSP and thus not practically usable, I have provided two less-palatable alternative solutions as answers that you can comment on, see below. Footnote: Use Cases In the simplest case, the goal is to provide a familiar interface for cases when (say) a database is just being used as a persistent list, and allow regular List operations such as search, subList and iteration. Another, more adventurous, use-case is as a slot-in replacement for libraries that work with basic Lists, e.g if we have a third-party task queue that usually works with a plain List: new TaskWorkQueue(new ArrayList<String>()).start() which is susceptible to losing all it's queue in event of a crash, if we just replace this with: new TaskWorkQueue(new DbBackedList()).start() we get a instant persistence and the ability to share the tasks amongst more than one machine. In either case, we could either handle connection/read exceptions that are thrown, perhaps retrying the connection/read first, or allow them to throw and crash the program (e.g. if we can't change the TaskWorkQueue code).

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• Difference between jquery.clone() and simple concatenation of string [closed]

  - by Francis Cebu

  Which of the following code samples is faster in generating HTML code using jQuery? Sample 1: var div = $("<div>"); $.each(data,function(count,item){ var Elem = div.clone().addClass("message").html(item.Firstname); $(".container").append(Elem); }); Sample 2: $.each(data,function(count,item){ var Elem = "<div class = 'Elem'>" + item.Firstname + "</div>"; $(".container").append(Elem); });

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• Good PHP BOOKS for starters!

  - by Goma

  I started reading some PHP books. Most of them in their introduction say that this book , unlike other books, it follows a good habits and practices. Now, I do not know which book tells the truth, and which writer is the most experienced in PHP. These are the books that I had a quick look to their first chapter: PHP and MySQL Web Development (Developer's Library) by Luke Welling and Laura Thomson. Build Your Own Database Driven Web Site Using PHP & MySQL by Kevin Yank. PHP and MySQL for Dummies by Janet Valade. Now, it's your time to advise me and tell me about the excellent one that follows best practices, please give an advice from your experience. (It could be any other book!). Regards,

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• how a pure functional programming language manage without assignment statements?

  - by Gnijuohz

  When reading the famous SICP,I found the authors seem rather reluctant to introduce the assignment statement to Scheme in Chapter 3.I read the text and kind of understand why they feel so. As Scheme is the first functional programming language I ever know something about,I am kind of surprised that there are some functional programming languages(not Scheme of course) can do without assignments. Let use the example the book offers,the bank account example.If there is no assignment statement,how can this be done?How to change the balance variable?I ask so because I know there are some so-called pure functional languages out there and according to the Turing complete theory,this must can be done too. I learned C,Java,Python and use assignments a lot in every program I wrote.So it's really an eye-opening experience.I really hope someone can briefly explain how assignments are avoided in those functional programming languages and what profound impact(if any) it has on these languages. The example mentioned above is here: (define (make-withdraw balance) (lambda (amount) (if (>= balance amount) (begin (set! balance (- balance amount)) balance) "Insufficient funds"))) This changed the balance by set!.To me it looks a lot like a class method to change the class member balance. As I said,I am not familiar with functional programming languages,so if I said something wrong about them,feel free to point out.

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• Dual Inspection / Four Eyes Principle

  - by Ralf

  I have the requirement to implement some kind of dual inspection or four-eyes principle as a feature of my software, meaning that every change of an object done by user A has to be checked by user B. A trivial example would be a publishing system where an author writes an article and another has to proofread it before it is published. I am a little bit surprised that you find nearly nothing about it on the net. No patterns, no libraries (besides cibet), no workflow solutions etc. Is this requirement really so uncommon? Or am I searching for the wrong terms? I am not looking for a specific solution. More for a pattern or best practice approach. Update: the above example is really trivial. Let's add some more complexity to it. The article has been published, but it now needs an update. Putting the article offline for the update is not an option, but the update has to be proof read, too.

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• Learning and Developing with PHP [closed]

  - by KyelJmD

  I am here to ask you What is a good PHP Book that doesn't contain too much details but it is compose of all necessary information to develop in PHP such as (OO PHP, Handling Forms, Database etc etc) This may be subjective but I've tried to look php book recomendations here at Stackoverflow but I cannot find any. Next is What are the things I need to know in learning a PHp framework? specifically I want to learn CAKEPHP. NOTE I do not need those lenghty books that discuss loops and such I already have experience programming with java and C#.

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• Will they release a Wrox Box 4?

  - by Winston Muller

  Hi, does anyone know if there will be a Wrox Box 4? I would love to get something like that, but the latest collection of Wrox books seems to be the release for 3.5. I really need to get up to date with the latest version of .NET. I'm not sure if there will be a Wrox Box 4 though, because it looks like Wiley is now publishing Wrox books under Wiley, and not Wrox anymore. So it looks like I'm going to have to go with Professional ASP.NET 4 in C# Instead of the Wrox Box 3.5

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• How do you end up with event-sourcing if you use a xDD approach?

  - by Tomas Jansson

  When working in a TDD or BDD manner your unit tests are supposed to drive your design. But how do you end up with event-sourcing using a xDD techniques? As I see it event sourcing is something you need to adopt early on to take full advantage of it. Lets say that you start without event-sourcing and do a release. Later on when you are releasing version 2.0 you realize that it would be great to use event-sourcing, but at that point you alread have missed all the events from version 1.0 so it makes it much harder to implement. Or do you take some kind of backup of your db from before event-sourcing and use that as base line and then add event-sourcing on top of that?

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• How does eMail encryption work?

  - by Dummy Derp

  I have been going over YouTube watching videos on eMail encryption and everyone seems to explain it from a different perspective. Some do it for a CompTIA exam while others just provide a primer. Here is what I understood: Step1: You compose an email that you want to send. Without encryption, it will be simple ASCII text that will be visible to anyone along the way. Step2: You generate a digital signature to make sure that nobody gets to re-transmit your email and claim it was you. Digital Signature is generated using Sender's private key which is usually a hash of the password and is then combined with the original message to form one long hash string. These signatures are one-time-use-only and a new one is calculated for every email. Step 3: You encrypt the compose of your email using Receiver's public key so that the only person who can read it is the intended receiver using their private key Step 4: When you hit the send the email, what is transmitted now is gibberish to everyone apart from the intended receiver who will decrypt is using their private key And there are various ways to do it like PEM, PGP, etc. Correct me where I am wrong or refine where necessary.

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• How does it matter if a character is 8 bit or 16 bit or 32 bit

  - by vin

  Well, I am reading Programing Windows with MFC, and I came across Unicode and ASCII code characters. I understood the point of using Unicode over ASCII, but what I do not get is how and why is it important to use 8bit/16bit/32bit character? What good does it do to the system? How does the processing of the operating system differ for different bits of character. My question here is, what does it mean to a character when it is a x-bit character?

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