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• Should all foreign table references use foreign key constraints

  - by TecBrat

  Closely related to: Foreign key restrictions -> yes or no? I asked a question on SO and it led me to ask this here. If I'm faced with a choice of having a circular reference or just not enforcing the restraint, which is the better choice? In my particular case I have customers and addresses. I want an address to have a reference to a customer and I want each customer to have a default billing address id and a default shipping address id. I might query for all addresses that have a certain customer ID or I might query for the address with the ID that matches the default shipping or billing address ids. I'm not sure yet how the constraints (or lack of) will effect the system as my application and it's data age.

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• Improving the running time of Breadth First Search and Adjacency List creation

  - by user45957

  We are given an array of integers where all elements are between 0-9. have to start from the 1st position and reach end in minimum no of moves such that we can from an index i move 1 position back and forward i.e i-1 and i+1 and jump to any index having the same value as index i. Time Limit : 1 second Max input size : 100000 I have tried to solve this problem use a single source shortest path approach using Breadth First Search and though BFS itself is O(V+E) and runs in time the adjacency list creation takes O(n2) time and therefore overall complexity becomes O(n2). is there any way i can decrease the time complexity of adjacency list creation? or is there a better and more efficient way of solving the problem? int main(){ vector<int> v; string str; vector<int> sets[10]; cin>>str; int in; for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++){ in=str[i]-'0'; v.push_back(in); sets[in].push_back(i); } int n=v.size(); if(n==1){ cout<<"0\n"; return 0; } if(v[0]==v[n-1]){ cout<<"1\n"; return 0; } vector<int> adj[100001]; for(int i=0;i<10;i++){ for(int j=0;j<sets[i].size();j++){ if(sets[i][j]>0) adj[sets[i][j]].push_back(sets[i][j]-1); if(sets[i][j]<n-1) adj[sets[i][j]].push_back(sets[i][j]+1); for(int k=j+1;k<sets[i].size();k++){ if(abs(sets[i][j]-sets[i][k])!=1){ adj[sets[i][j]].push_back(sets[i][k]); adj[sets[i][k]].push_back(sets[i][j]); } } } } queue<int> q; q.push(0); int dist[100001]; bool visited[100001]={false}; dist[0]=0; visited[0]=true; int c=0; while(!q.empty()){ int dq=q.front(); q.pop(); c++; for(int i=0;i<adj[dq].size();i++){ if(visited[adj[dq][i]]==false){ dist[adj[dq][i]]=dist[dq]+1; visited[adj[dq][i]]=true; q.push(adj[dq][i]); } } } cout<<dist[n-1]<<"\n"; return 0; }

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• Best practice for managing dynamic HTML modules?

  - by jt0dd

  I've been building web apps that add and remove lots of dynamic content and even structure within the page, and I'm not impressed by the method I'm using to do it. When I want to add a section or module into a position in the interface, I'm storing the html in the code, and I don't like that: if (rank == "moderator") { $("#header").append('<div class="mod_controls">' + // content, using + to implement line breaks '</div>'); } This seems like such a bad programming practice.. There must be a better way. I thought of building a function to convert a JSON structure to html, but it seems like overkill. For the functionality of the apps I'm using: Node.js JS JQuery AJAX Is there some common way to store HTML modules externally for AJAX importation?

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• Carpool logical architecture

  - by enrmarc

  I'm designing a carpool system (drivers can publish their routes and passengers can subscribe to them) with WebServices(axis2) and Android clients (ksoap2). I have been having problems with the logical architecture of the system and I wondered if this architecture is fine. And another question: for that architecture (if it is ok), how would be the packages structure? I suppose something like that: (In android) package org.carpool.presentation *All the activities here (and maybe mvc pattern) (In the server) package org.carpool.services *Public interfaces (for example: register(User user), publishRoute(Route route) ) package org.carpool.domain *Pojos (for example: User.java, Route.java, etc) package org.carpool.persistence *Dao Interface and implementation (jdbc or hibernate)

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• Is it possible to efficiently store all possible phone numbers in memory?

  - by Spencer K

  Given the standard North American phone number format: (Area Code) Exchange - Subscriber, the set of possible numbers is about 6 billion. However, efficiently breaking down the nodes into the sections listed above would yield less than 12000 distinct nodes that can be arranged in groupings to get all the possible numbers. This seems like a problem already solved. Would it done via a graph or tree?

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• perl comparing 2 data file as array 2D for finding match one to one [migrated]

  - by roman serpa

  I'm doing a program that uses combinations of variables ( combiData.txt 63 rows x different number of columns) for analysing a data table ( j1j2_1.csv, 1000filas x 19 columns ) , to choose how many times each combination is repeated in data table and which rows come from (for instance, tableData[row][4]). I have tried to compile it , however I get the following message : Use of uninitialized value $val in numeric eq (==) at rowInData.pl line 34. Use of reference "ARRAY(0x1a2eae4)" as array index at rowInData.pl line 56. Use of reference "ARRAY(0x1a1334c)" as array index at rowInData.pl line 56. Use of uninitialized value in subtraction (-) at rowInData.pl line 56. Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, subscript -1 at rowInData.pl line 56. nothing This is my code: #!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use warnings; my $line_match; my $countTrue; open (FILE1, "<combiData.txt") or die "can't open file text1.txt\n"; my @tableCombi; while(<FILE1>) { my @row = split(' ', $_); push(@tableCombi, \@row); } close FILE1 || die $!; open (FILE2, "<j1j2_1.csv") or die "can't open file text1.txt\n"; my @tableData; while(<FILE2>) { my @row2 = split(/\s*,\s*/, $_); push(@tableData, \@row2); } close FILE2 || die $!; #function transform combiData.txt variable (position ) to the real value that i have to find in the data table. sub trueVal($){ my ($val) = $_[0]; if($val == 7){ return ('nonsynonymous_SNV'); } elsif( $val == 14) { return '1'; } elsif( $val == 15) { return '1';} elsif( $val == 16) { return '1'; } elsif( $val == 17) { return '1'; } elsif( $val == 18) { return '1';} elsif( $val == 19) { return '1';} else { print 'nothing'; } } #function IntToStr ( ) , i'm not sure if it is necessary) that transforms $ to strings , to use the function <eq> in the third loop for the array of combinations compared with the data array . sub IntToStr { return "$_[0]"; } for my $combi (@tableCombi) { $line_match = 0; for my $sheetData (@tableData) { $countTrue=0; for my $cell ( @$combi) { #my $temp =\$tableCombi[$combi][$cell] ; #if ( trueVal($tableCombi[$combi][$cell] ) eq $tableData[$sheetData][ $tableCombi[$combi][$cell] - 1 ] ){ #if ( IntToStr(trueVal($$temp )) eq IntToStr( $tableData[$sheetData][ $$temp-1] ) ){ if ( IntToStr(trueVal($tableCombi[$combi][$cell]) ) eq IntToStr($tableData[$sheetData][ $tableCombi[$combi][$cell] -1]) ){ $countTrue++;} if ($countTrue==@$combi){ $line_match++; #if ($line_match < 50){ print $tableData[$sheetData][4]." "; #} } } } print $line_match." \n"; }

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• Flash messages in ASP.NET MVC without sessions

  - by Fernando Correia

  I'm developing a web application for Windows Azure using ASP.NET MVC 4. I would like to enforce one restriction in the architecture: do not use Session. To achieve availability on Azure, and since there is no sticky sessions, I would need to store the session data in some central service, probably either SQL Azure or the Caching Service. I would rather avoid sessions on the SQL database to avoid the increased latency, and the caching service on Azure is very expensive for the ammount of memory offered. On the other hand, I would like to have the ability to easily pass Flash-style messages among redirects. TempData is the recommended way to do this, but by default it uses the session object. So I would like to know: Is there an alternative way to use TempData that doesn't require sessions or shared data between servers? Cookies perhaps? Is there a better alternative I'm overlooking?

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• Would Using a PHP Framework Be Beneficial in My Context?

  - by Fractal

  I've just started work at a small start-up company who mainly uses PHP to develop their front-end apps. I had no prior PHP experience before joining, and this has led to my apps becoming large pieces of spaghetti code. I essentially started by adding code to implement an initial feature, and then continued to hack in more code to implement further features – without much thought for the overall design. The apps themselves output XML to render on small mobile devices. I recently started looking into frameworks that I could use. I reckon an advantage would be that they seem to force developers to modularise their programs using good-practice design patterns. This seems great for someone in my position. The extra functions they provide, for example: interfacing with databases in such a way as to make SQL injection impossible, would be very useful too. The downside I can see is that there will be a lot of overhead for me in terms of the time taken to learn the framework itself (while still getting to grips with PHP itself). I'm also worried that it will be overkill for the scale of the apps we develop. They tend to be programs that interface with a fairly simple back-end DB, and will generate about 5 different XML screens. Probably around 1 or 2 thousand lines of code. The time it takes just to configure the frameworks may not be worth it. The final problem I can see is that developers in the company – who have to go over my code, and who do not know the PHP framework I may use – will have a much harder time understanding it. Given those pros and cons, I'm still not sure on what the best course of action will be; so any advice will be greatly appreciated.

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• Generate Multiple Choice Questions [closed]

  - by Daniel

  I'm working on a quiz application that will have a number of multiple choice questions. I'm waiting on the content from the client, but I'm hoping to start testing with some placeholder data for the time being. In order for the tests to be worthwhile, I probably need at least 100 multiple choice questions. I wanted to see if anyone knows of a resource or tool that can generate questions/multiple choice answers or propose another creative way to fill my quiz application with placeholder content. Ultimately the data will be in a MySQL database, but I don't really care what format the sample data is in (Excel, Word, JSON, etc.).

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• What version control system can manage all aspects?

  - by Andy Canfield

  A few months ago I dug into Subversion and GIT and was disappointed. They handle SOURCE CODE fine but not other aspects. For example, a web site under version control needs to manage file/directory ownership, file/directory read & write access, Access Control Lists, timestamps, database contents. and external links. Is there a version control system that can do as perfect a reversion as reloading from a month-old backup?

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• Dual Inspection / Four Eyes Principle

  - by Ralf

  I have the requirement to implement some kind of dual inspection or four-eyes principle as a feature of my software, meaning that every change of an object done by user A has to be checked by user B. A trivial example would be a publishing system where an author writes an article and another has to proofread it before it is published. I am a little bit surprised that you find nearly nothing about it on the net. No patterns, no libraries (besides cibet), no workflow solutions etc. Is this requirement really so uncommon? Or am I searching for the wrong terms? I am not looking for a specific solution. More for a pattern or best practice approach. Update: the above example is really trivial. Let's add some more complexity to it. The article has been published, but it now needs an update. Putting the article offline for the update is not an option, but the update has to be proof read, too.

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• As a programmer how do I plan to learn new things in my spare time

  - by priyank patel

  I am a Asp.Net/C# developer, I develop few projects in my spare time. I try to utilize my time as much as I can. I have been working for past 7 months. Suddenly these days I am a bit worried about learning the new stuff that is there for me as a programmer. I develop in my spare time so I don't get enough time to read books or blogs. So my question to some of you guys is how should I plan to learn new things, should I at least dedicate two-three evenings for new stuff, maybe ebooks while travelling is a good option too. How do you people plan to learn,should I also start to develop with whatever I learnt? As far as learning is concerned, should I just pick up the basics and then implement it or I should seek deeper understanding of the subject?

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• How do "custom software companies" deal with technical debt?

  - by andy

  What are "custom software companies"? By "custom software companies" I mean companies that make their money primarily from building custom, one off, bits of software. Example are agencies or middle-ware companies, or contractors/consultants like Redify. What's the opposite of "custom software companies"? The oposite of the above business model are companies that focus on long term products, whether they be deployable desktop/mobile apps, or SaaS software. A sure fire way to build up technical debt: I work for a company that attempts to focus on a suite of SaaS products. However, due to certain constraints we sometimes end up bending to the will of certain clients and we end building bits of custom software that can only be used for that client. This is a sure fire way to incur technical debt. Now we have a bit of software to maintain that adds nothing to our core product. If custom work is a sure fire way to build technical debt, how do agencies handle it? So that got me thinking. Companies who don't have a core product as the center of their business model, well they're always doing custom software work. How do they cope with the notion of technical debt? How does it not drive them into technical bankruptcy?

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• Brief explanation for executables in a GNU/Clang Toolchain?

  - by ZhangChn

  I roughly understand that cc, ld and other parts are called in a certain sequence according to schemes like Makefiles etc. Some of those commands are used to generate those configs and Makefiles. And some other tools are used to deal with libraries. But what are other parts used for? How are they called in this process? Which tool would use various parser generators? Which part is optional? Why? Is there a brief summary get these explained on how the tools in a GNU or LLVM/Clang toolchain are organised and called in a C/C++ project building? Thanks in advance. EDIT: Here is a list of executables for Clang/LLVM on Mac OS X: ar clang dsymutil gperf libtool nmedit rpcgen unwinddump as clang++ dwarfdump gprof lorder otool segedit vgrind asa cmpdylib dyldinfo indent m4 pagestuff size what bison codesign_allocate flex install_name_tool mig ranlib strip yacc c++ ctags flex++ ld mkdep rebase unifdef cc ctf_insert gm4 lex nm redo_prebinding unifdefall

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• Any suggested approaches to track bugs/defects?

  - by deostroll

  What is the best way to track defect sources in tfs? We have various teams for a project like the vulnerability team, the customer, pre-sales, etc. We give a build and these teams independently test it. They do not have access to our tfs system. So they usually send in their defects via email. It will usually be send in an excel format. Our testing team takes these up and logs them into tfs. Sometimes they modify the original defect description (in excel) and add the expected/actual results. Sometimes they miss to cite the source. I am talking about managing the various sources as such. Is there a way we can add these sources into tfs, and actually link this particular source with the defects, with individual comments associated with them (saying where in the source we can find the actual material for the defect). Edit: I don't know if there is a way to manage various sources. Consider this: the vulnerability assessment team has come out with defects/suggestions. They captured it into an excel and passed that on to the testing team (in my case). The testing team takes the responsibility of elaborating the defect and logging it in tfs. Now say that the excel has come with 20 defect items. This is my source. (It answers the question where did this defect come from). So ultimately when I am looking at a bug I know from where it came from - I'll ultimately be looking at the email sent from the VA team which has the excel or the excel file itself sent by the VA team. It may be one of the 20 items in that excel. How should the tester link to this source just once? On the contrary, it does not make sense for the tester to attach the same excel 20 times (i.e. attach the same excel for the 20 defects while logging it into tfs) right? I hope you get my point.

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• Taking Object Oriented development to the next level

  - by Songo

  Can you mention some advanced OO topics or concepts that one should be aware of? I have been a developer for 2 years now and currently aiming for a certain company that requires a web developer with a minimum experience of 3 years. I imagine the interview will have the basic object oriented topics like (Abstraction, Polymorphism, Inheritance, Design patterns, UML, Databases and ORMs, SOLID principles, DRY principle, ...etc) I have these topics covered, but what I'm looking forward to is bringing up topics such as Efferent Coupling, Afferent Coupling, Instability, The law of Demeter, ...etc. Till few days ago I never knew such concepts existed (maybe because I'm a communication engineer basically not a CS graduate.) Can you please recommend some more advanced topics concerning object oriented programming?

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• Subsumption architecture vs. perceptual control theory

  - by Yasir G.

  I'm a new person to AI field and I have to research and compare 2 different architectures for a thesis I'm writing. Before you scream (homework thread), I've been reading on these 2 topics only to find that I'm confusing myself more.. let me first start with stating briefly what I know so far. Subsumption is based on the fact that targets of a system are different in sophistication, thus that requires them to be added as layers, each layer can suppress (modify) the command of the layers below it, and there are inhibitors to stop signals from execution lets say. PCT stresses on the fact that there are nodes to handle environmental changes (negative feedback), so the inputs coming from an environment go through a comparator node and then an action is generated by that node, HPCT or (Hierarchical PCT) is based on nesting these cycles inside each other so a small cycle to avoid crashing would be nested in a more sophisticated cycle that targets a certain location for example. My questions, am I getting this the right way? am I missing any critical understanding about these 2 models? also any idea where I can find simplified explanations for each theory (so far been struggling trying to understand the papers from Google scholar :< ) /Y

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• What's special about currying or partial application?

  - by Vigneshwaran

  I've been reading articles on Functional programming everyday and been trying to apply some practices as much as possible. But I don't understand what is unique in currying or partial application. Take this Groovy code as an example: def mul = { a, b -> a * b } def tripler1 = mul.curry(3) def tripler2 = { mul(3, it) } I do not understand what is the difference between tripler1 and tripler2. Aren't they both the same? The 'currying' is supported in pure or partial functional languages like Groovy, Scala, Haskell etc. But I can do the same thing (left-curry, right-curry, n-curry or partial application) by simply creating another named or anonymous function or closure that will forward the parameters to the original function (like tripler2) in most languages (even C.) Am I missing something here? There are places where I can use currying and partial application in my Grails application but I am hesitating to do so because I'm asking myself "How's that different?" Please enlighten me.

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• Career Advice: finding challenging work in software and web development

  - by dianovich

  Having left my physics degree early, I started out in the realm of web design / front end web development and was able to get work quite quickly. I moved on to spend a chunk of my time on servers and gained experience with frameworks like Wordpress and Drupal, then the likes of Codeigniter and CakePHP and became comfortable in Debian-based and RHEL/CentOS environments. I ventured in to iOS development and published a couple of native apps to the app store too! I have started to spend a good deal of my time writing Python and have invested a little time in Django. The problem is, I still spend a fair chunk of my time doing more front end web development (writing markup and CSS for site themes, design-lead JavaScript, small applications for which application architecture and software engineering are relatively unimportant or too time consuming to invest in) in my job. What I want to do is really exercise the systematic/logical portion of my brain and tackle challenging problems on a daily basis. I want to have to care about big-oh running times, modularity in software, DRY, performance tuning and development methodologies. I want to work for a firm whose clients say: "Yes, these things are important to us and we'll pay you to get them right." But it is difficult: I have no formal training and am potentially becoming a jack of all trades. Not that being a jack of many trades is necessarily a bad thing, but the scope of work I find myself involved in is far too broad. And, there are only so many hours in a day outside of work! My question is: where do I go from here? I am starting to work on a few open source projects and have started to publish content to my blog. But this isn't likely to make it past the recruitment consultants and HR departments of many-a-firm. And I do not, for example, work in a team that practices agile methodologies, so how do I get work in such a team to gain experience? While I have been responsible for implementing version control and some solid working practices into our current environment, there is only so far I can go in this context. What would convince you that i'm worth taking a risk? What would convince you that i'll have caught up the other guys in your employ in next to no time?

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• What are the pre-requisites for writing .NET web services?

  - by wackytacky99

  I am very new to web development. I have been a C,C++ programmer for 5 years and I'm starting to get into the web development, writing web services, etc. I understand that basic concepts of web services. I know .Net web services can be written in VB or C#. Working with C,C++ will help getting used to writing code in C#. I do not have experience in .Net framework. I'd like to quickly get into writing .Net web services and learning on the go, without extensively spending a lot of time learning .Net framework (if possible) Any suggestions? Update - I know my way around databases and sql express in Visual Studio

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• How to round currency values [migrated]

  - by Kenny

  I already have several ways to solve this, but I am interested in whether there is a better solution to this problem. Please only respond with a pure numeric algorithm. String manipulation is not acceptable. I am looking for an elegant and efficient solution. Given a currency value (ie $251.03), split the value into two half and round to two decimal places. The key is that the first half should round up and the second should round down. So the outcome in this scenario should be $125.52 and $125.51.

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• Need help deciding if Joomla! experience as a good metric for hiring a particular prospective employee.

  - by Stephen

  My company has been looking to hire a PHP developer. Some of the requirements for the job include: an understanding of design patterns, particularly MVC. some knowledge of PHP 5.3's new features. experience working with a PHP framework (it doesn't matter which one). I interviewed a man today who's primary work experience involved working with Joomla!. As an employee, he will be required to work on existing and new web applications that use Zend Framework, CakePHP and/or CodeIgniter. It is my opinion that we shouldn't dismiss hiring a developer just because he has not used the same technologies that he'll be using on the job. So, I'd like to know about the kind of coding experience working with Joomla! can provide. I've never bothered to take more than a brief look (if that) at the Joomla! package, so I'm hoping to lean on the knowledge of my peers. Would you consider Joomla! to contain a professional code-base? Is the package well organized, and/or OO in general, or is it more like WordPress where logic and presentation are commingled? When working with Joomla!, is the developer encouraged to use best practices? In your opinion, would experience working with Joomla! garner the skills needed to get up to speed with Zend or CakePHP quickly, or will there be a steep learning curve ahead of the developer? I'm not saying that Joomla! is a bad technology, or even that it is lower on the totem pole when compared to the frameworks I've mentioned. Maybe it's awesome, I dunno. I simply have no idea!

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• Do the best developers look for a better job, or a better job finds them?

  - by Vasil Remeniuk

  As an example, one of the JavaPosse (popular Java podcast) hosts, Tor Norbey, has recently moved from Oracle to Google, and I'm more that sure that he has been lured (he definitely has not been sending his CV to Google). The rumor has it that 'high-level' developers are never hired through the job-sites. So, (given that you're a good developer) when you what to hold an appealing position in the company that interests you, and invest a lot of time into increasing your online-presence and self-branding blogging, twitting, contributing to opensource, actively participating in community sites (e.g., Stackoverflow), should you send your CVs here and there or just wait for proposals?

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• Card deck and sparse matrix interview questions

  - by MrDatabase

  I just had a technical phone screen w/ a start-up. Here's the technical questions I was asked ... and my answers. What do think of these answers? Feel free to post better answers :-) Question 1: how would you represent a standard 52 card deck in (basically any language)? How would you shuffle the deck? Answer: use an array containing a "Card" struct or class. Each instance of card has some unique identifier... either it's position in the array or a unique integer member variable in the range [0, 51]. Shuffle the cards by traversing the array once from index zero to index 51. Randomly swap ith card with "another card" (I didn't remember how this shuffle algorithm works exactly). Watch out for using the same probability for each card... that's a gotcha in this algorithm. I mentioned the algorithm is from Programming Pearls. Question 2: how to represent a large sparse matrix? the matrix can be very large... like 1000x1000... but only a relatively small number (~20) of the entries are non-zero. Answer: condense the array into a list of the non-zero entries. for a given entry (i,j) in the array... "map" (i,j) to a single integer k... then use k as a key into a dictionary or hashtable. For the 1000x1000 sparse array map (i,j) to k using something like f(i, j) = i + j * 1001. 1001 is just one plus the maximum of all i and j. I didn't recall exactly how this mapping worked... but the interviewer got the idea (I think). Are these good answers? I'm wondering because after I finished the second question the interviewer said the dreaded "well that's all the questions I have for now." Cheers!

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• Is there a good book to grok C++?

  - by Paperflyer

  This question got me thinking. I would say I am a pretty experienced C++ programmer. I use it a lot at work, I had some courses on it at the university, I can understand most C++ code I find out there without problems. Other languages you can pretty much learn by using them. But every time I use a new C++ library or check out some new C++ code by someone I did not know before, I discover a new set of idioms C++ has to offer. Basically, this has lead me to believe that there is a lot of stuff in C++ that might be worth knowing but that is not easily discoverable. So, is there a good book for a somewhat experienced C++ programmer to step up the game? You know, to kind of 'get' that language the way you can 'get' Ruby or Objective-C, where everything just suddenly makes sense and you start instinctively knowing 'that C++ way of thing'?

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