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• What is the diffference between "data hiding" and "encapsulation"?

  - by john smith optional

  I'm reading "Java concurrency in practice" and there is said: "Fortunately, the same object-oriented techniques that help you write well-organized, maintainable classes - such as encapsulation and data hiding -can also help you crate thread-safe classes." The problem #1 - I never heard about data hiding and don't know what it is. The problem #2 - I always thought that encapsulation is using private vs public, and is actually the data hiding. Can you please explain what data hiding is and how it differs from encapsulation?

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• How do people charge friends for development projects?

  - by Crashalot

  A friend has begged our consulting firm several times to build an iPhone app. We are reluctant to jeopardize the friendship and charge market rates. At the same time, we're so busy it would be imprudent not to charge fairly. We tried referring her to other shops, but she doesn't feel comfortable with anyone but us. How do people charge friends? Since I'm asking about fees, I'm also curious to know if people charge on a fixed-price basis or hourly basis? Thanks!

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• Need an idea for an iOS project for a trainee to prove his skills

  - by Umair Khan Jadoon

  I am teaching iOS development to a trainee who has recently joined our startup. He already has strong background and experience in .net. At first phase, he will learn the following things: Basics of Objective C. Views and View Controllers(Navigation, Table, Tabs), gester recognizers, table views, segues etc. Protocols, gesters, delegates. Blocks and multithreading. Now, I have to give him some kind of homework assignment or project to get his skills to action and to know what he has learnt. Any ideas?

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• Can an agile shop every really score 12 on the Joel Test?

  - by Simon

  I really like the Joel test, use it myself, and encourage my staff and interviewees to consider it carefully. However I don't think I can ever score more than 9 because a few points seem to contradict the Agile Manifesto, XP and TDD, which are the bedrocks of my world. Specifically the questions about schedule, specs, testers and quiet working conditions run counter to what we are trying to create and the values that we have adopted in being genuinely agile. So my question is whether it is possible for a true Agile shop to score 12?

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• Choosing between PHP and Java

  - by user996459

  I've recently started University, studying Computing and IT. My Uni focuses on Java. My study will consist of mathematics, 'boring' IT related stuff and several Java units such as: -Software development with Java, -Object-oriented Java programming, -Relational databases: theory and practice (using Java), -Developing concurrent distributed systems (using Java), -Software engineering with objects (using Java). I'm trying to determine whenever I should focus on Java and self study it in my free time so that I can actually learn and become a competent Java programmer by the time I graduate, or, only do enough Java to get the degree but in my free time self study PHP and related web technologies. Job market in my area appears to be balanced for the two, salary and availability wise. Regardless of which patch I'd take getting a job should not be a problem however Java does seem to pay almost insignificantly more. In terms of my interest and career expectations, I don't have anything specific planned. I very much enjoy writing code but I don't really care what kind. So far I equally enjoyed writing C, AutoIT, vb.net, PHP and even Java. Basically, I'm happy as long as I get to type in code (be it low level programming or web back-end scripting). So the question really is, would my Uni and their Java focus profit me should I choose PHP? Or should I buy what my university is selling and stick to Java like a fly sticks to poop...? Apologies for cryptic writing, still learning English

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• Why did Git become so popular?

  - by Jungle Hunter

  Almost every article you read comparing Git and Mercurial it seems like Mercurial has a better command line UX with each command being limited to one idea only (unlike say git checkout). But at some point Git suddenly became super popular and literally exploded. Source: Debian What happened in 2010-01 that things suddenly changed. Looks like GitHub was founded earlier than that - 2008. Edit: Git 1.7.0 seems to be released at the same time: January 2012. Here are the 1.7.0 release notes and the file history with the corresponding dates.

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• How do you get aware of new tools?

  - by Konstantin Petrukhnov

  How do you get aware of new tools (libraries, applications, etc)? This question is only about "getting aware" that some tool exist and could be used. Learning and trying is different issue. Right now I get most awareness from stackexchange and freshmeat sites. But I wonder if there are more efficient way. E.g. 80% of freshmeat projects are no-use for me, but it reasonable overhead, because tools that I find trough it save me days or even weeks. Here are some related, but a bit different questions: How much time do you invest in exploring new technology? How to become aware of new languages, techniques and methodologies? What website are you using most to keep you updated on software development?

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• Getting work done in a small office

  - by three-cups

  I work in an office area of ~450sqft. There are a total of 7 people working in the office. I've been finding it hard to concentrate on my work (writing code) because of the distractions going on around me. The distractions are both work-related and non-work-related conversations. I'm trying to figure out what to do in this situation. I want to be part of the team, and I want to get my work done to the best of my ability. I can easily think of two options that I don't like: Stay where I am, not be able to concentrate and get less work done Move somewhere else. (This is tough because I code on a desktop, so I'm not very mobile.) But what are other options? I'm going to talk this through with my team in the next couple days. Any advice or solutions would be great.

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• C# String.format extension method

  - by Paul Roe

  With the addtion of Extension methods to C# we've seen a lot of them crop up in our group. One debate revolves around extension methods like this one: public static class StringExt { /// <summary> /// Shortcut for string.Format. /// </summary> /// <param name="str"></param> /// <param name="args"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string Format(this string str, params object[] args) { if (str == null) return null; return string.Format(str, args); } } Does this extension method break any programming best practices that you can name? Would you use it anyway, if not why? If I renamed the function to "F" but left the xml comments would that be epic fail or just a wonderful savings of keystrokes?

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• What is history and concept of code annotation?

  - by Eonil

  C# and Java has code attribute and code annotation. I don't know about other languages, but I know the code annotation feature is used to expand language itself. I knew what it is, but I want to know how it developed over time. I want to know its history. How it demanded and how it implemented. Is this possible to implement this in kind of concept on LISP, Smalltalk or C++? And is there a general term to call the concept of annotation?

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• using php to list some files in folders

  - by Terix

  I have collected many free themes from around internet. Each of them has a screenshot.jpg or png file on their folder. I want to scan all the folders for that file, and return the full file path to be used with an img html tag. I am not interested on partial path or folders where there are not screenshots. For example, if my fodler structure is: ./a/b/ ./c/d/e/screenshot.jpg ./f/ ./g/screenshot.jpg ./h/i/j/k/ ./l/m/screenshot.png ./n/o/ ./p/screenshot.jpg I want to get: ./c/d/e/screenshot.jpg ./g/screenshot.jpg ./l/m/screenshot.png ./p/screenshot.jpg I managed somehow to get a recursive function, but I figured only the way to return an array and then i can't get rid of what I don't need, and I miss png. Can anyone help me on that? the code I managed to put together is this: function getDirectoryTree( $outerDir , $x){ $dirs = array_diff( scandir( $outerDir ), Array( ".", ".." ) ); $dir_array = Array(); foreach( $dirs as $d ){ if( is_dir($outerDir."/".$d) ){ $dir_array[ $d ] = getDirectoryTree( $outerDir."/".$d , $x); }else{ if ($d==x) $dir_array[ $d ] = $d; } } return $dir_array; } $dirlist = getDirectoryTree('.','screenshot.jpg'); print_r($dirlist);

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• Masters or Second Bachelors Degree..or neither

  - by drD

  I have a degree in Business Administration, because at the time I didn't know what I wanted to do. I have been interested in programming for the past 2 years and have taken some action to self-teach. My experience/ knowledge base is limited to the following: -Read Kochan's Programming in C -Read IOS and Objective-C from the Big Nerd Ranch series -Obtained a C++ at NYU - thought it would be a good way to start to get a grasp on OO & design I would like to continue developing my skills, but most of all, re-orient how I am perceived as a professional. I am fully aware of how much a novice to this subject and would greatly appreciate any guidance anyone could give me. I currently have a job so full-time is not an option My goal is to become a software/ applications developer My questions are: -Should i take up a second bachelors in computer science? or a masters? or continue taking professional certificate programs (how are these viewed?) -If masters in computer science, would that make sense, if I dont have the formal foundation? (being a chief without ever being an Indian) -General advice for a novice to develop skill Thank You in advanced for helping me out.

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• program logic of printing the prime numbers

  - by Vignesh Vicky

  can any body help to understand this java program it just print prime n.o ,as you enter how many you want and it works good class PrimeNumbers { public static void main(String args[]) { int n, status = 1, num = 3; Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Enter the number of prime numbers you want"); n = in.nextInt(); if (n >= 1) { System.out.println("First "+n+" prime numbers are :-"); System.out.println(2); } for ( int count = 2 ; count <=n ; ) { for ( int j = 2 ; j <= Math.sqrt(num) ; j++ ) { if ( num%j == 0 ) { status = 0; break; } } if ( status != 0 ) { System.out.println(num); count++; } status = 1; num++; } } } i dont understand this for loop condition for ( int j = 2 ; j <= Math.sqrt(num) ; j++ ) why we are taking sqrt of num...which is 3....why we assumed it as 3?

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• Why don't research papers that mention custom software release the source code?

  - by Antoine

  Is there a reason why the source code of softwares mentioned in research papers is not released ? I understand that research papers are more about the general idea of accomplishing something than implementation details, but I don't get why they don't release the code. For example, in this paper ends with: Results The human line drawing system is implemented through the Qt framework in C++ using OpenGL, and runs on a 2.00 GHz Intel dual core processor workstation without any additional hardware assistance. We can interactively draw lines while the system synthesizes the new path and texture. Do they keep the source code closed intentionally because of a monetization they intend to make with it, or because of copyright ?

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• What all items can I put on my resume without it looking tacky? [closed]

  - by Earlz

  I've been searching for work, and so far it's very hard for me to even get a call back. So, I'm looking at adding things to my resume. I know a resume doesn't need to be over 2 pages. I have the basics: Objective/personal info General skills (languages known, etc) Work experience Some things I'm considering adding to it: My college education (though I don't have a degree) Awards given for programming skills in high school (curriculum contests and AP test scores) Open source projects? Would any of these 3 items look tacky? And I only have about 1.5 years of work experience, but I've been programming since I was 13. Is there anything else I can add to my resume that would give me a better chance of getting my foot in the door?

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• Best practices for caching search queries

  - by David Esteves

  I am trying to improve performance of my ASP.net Web Api by adding a data cache but I am not sure how exactly to go about it as it seems to be more complex than most caching scenarios. An example is I have a table of Locations and an api to retrieve locations via search, for an autocomplete. /api/location/Londo and the query would be something like SELECT * FROM Locations WHERE Name like 'Londo%' These locations change very infrequently so I would like to cache them to prevent trips to the database for no real reason and improve the response time. Looking at caching options I am using the Windows Azure Appfabric system, the problem is it's just a key/value cache. Since I can only retrieve items based on keys I couldn't actually use it for this scenario as far as Im aware. Is what I am trying to do bad use of a caching system? Should I try looking into NoSql DB which could possibly run as a cache for something like this to improve performance? Should I just cache the entire table/collection in a single key with a specific data structure which could assist with the searching and then do the search upon retrieval of the data?

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• There is any reason for which a delete method/field/function refactoring doesn't exist?

  - by raisercostin

  An operation in an interface is obsolete so I decided to delete it. It seems that there is no automatic support for such a "refactoring". For me is a refactoring operation since the behavior of the code will be preserved since nobody(tests, client apis) will notice that the operation was removed. In eclipse, in java code, on an method in an interface I have the following options: rename, move, change method signature, inline, extract interface, extract superclass, use supertype when possible, pull up, push down, introduce parameter objet, introduce indirection, generate declared type. There is any reason for which a delete method/field/function refactoring doesn't exist?

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• Research idea in simulation

  - by Nilani Algiriyage

  Hi, I'm an undergraduate in University of Keleniya,Sri Lanka. I'm interested in doing a research on BPM, BPMN. But I have very few knowledgeable people and very few resources in my country. My supervisor also doesn't have enough knowledge in this area. So if you can please help me to find a research topic in BPM or BPMN. At least please help me to get an idea what areas I can do? Thank you very much. Regards, Nilani.

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• Should mock objects for tests be created at a high or low level

  - by Danack

  When creating unit tests for those other objects, what is the best way to create mock objects that provide data to other objects. Should they be created at a 'high level' and intercept the calls as soon as possible, or should they be done at a 'low level' and so make as much as the real code still be called? e.g. I'm writing a test for some code that requires a NoteMapper object that allows Notes to be loaded from the DB. class NoteMapper { function getNote($sqlQueryFactory, $noteID) { // Create an SQL query from $sqlQueryFactory // Run that SQL // if null // return null // else // return new Note($dataFromSQLQuery) } } I could either mock this object at a high level by creating a mock NoteMapper object, so that there are no calls to the SQL at all e.g. class MockNoteMapper { function getNote($sqlQueryFactory, $noteID) { //$mockData = {'Test Note title', "Test note text" } // return new Note($mockData); } } Or I could do it at a very low level, by creating a MockSQLQueryFactory that instead of actually querying the database just provides mock data back, and passing that to the current NoteMapper object. It seems that creating mocks at a high level would be easier in the short term, but that in the long term doing it at a low level would be more powerful and possibly allow more automation of tests e.g. by recording data in an out of a DB and then replaying that data for tests. Is there a recommended way of creating mocks? Are there any hard and fast rules about which are better, or should they both be used where appropriate?

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• Javascript SDK on Facebook

  - by Eamonn Fox

  I am trying to use the Javascript SDK for Facebook but I keep getting the message : Given URL is not permitted by the application configuration.: One or more of the given URLs is not allowed by the App's settings. It must match the Website URL or Canvas URL, or the domain must be a subdomain of one of the App's domains but I have copied and pasted my canvas URL from the settings section. Anyone any ideas whats up?

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• Game Trees Conceptual Question

  - by Chris Corbin

  I am struggling to conceptually understand a question in a programming assignment for an algorithms class. The problem is dealing with a fictitious 2 player game, named Easy. The rules of the game are simple; each player may chose one of 4 integers {0-3} after which that integer is not available for the other player. The catch is, a player picks {0} it means they quit. The objective is for Player 1 to get {1} and Player 2 to get {2}, in which case they may win, however if both or neither succeed, then the game ends in a draw. I have been asked to draw the game tree for Easy, showing all nodes, which they explained as 4! = 24. Labeling the edges, which represent moves (selecting a number) and the leaves with who won (1 means Player 1 won, -1 means Player 2 won, and 0 means a tie). I have drawn out a game tree, which I believe is correct, however I am not 100% certain hence I am asking the question. My game tree only has 16 leaves. I am thinking that when a player picks {0}, and then quits, the game tree stops there? I don't see how it is possible to get to 24 leaves? Any help would be greatly appreciate, and if you need more information I would be happy to provide it. Thanks

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• How to design highly scalable web services in Java?

  - by Kshitiz Sharma

  I am creating some Web Services that would have 2000 concurrent users. The services are offered for free and are hence expected to get a large user base. In the future it may be required to scale up to 50,000 users. There are already a few other questions that address the issue like - Building highly scalable web services However my requirements differ from the question above. For example - My application does not have a user interface, so images, CSS, javascript are not an issue. It is in Java so suggestions like using HipHop to translate PHP to native code are useless. Hence I decided to ask my question separately. This is my project setup - Rest based Web services using Apache CXF Hibernate 3.0 (With relevant optimizations like lazy loading and custom HQL for tune up) Tomcat 6.0 MySql 5.5 My questions are - Are there alternatives to Mysql that offer better performance for what I'm trying to do? What are some general things to abide by in order to scale a Java based web application? I am thinking of putting my Application in two tomcat instances with httpd redirecting the request to appropriate tomcat on basis of load. Is this the right approach? Separate tomcat instances can help but then database becomes the bottleneck since both applications access the same database? I am a programmer not a Db Admin, how difficult would it be to cluster a Mysql database (or, to cluster whatever database offered as an alternative to 1)? How effective are caching solutions like EHCache? Any other general best practices? Some clarifications - Could you partition the data? Yes we could but we're trying to avoid it. We need to run a lot of data mining algorithms and the design would evolve over time so we can't be sure what lines of partition should be there.

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• Taking Object Oriented development to the next level

  - by Songo

  Can you mention some advanced OO topics or concepts that one should be aware of? I have been a developer for 2 years now and currently aiming for a certain company that requires a web developer with a minimum experience of 3 years. I imagine the interview will have the basic object oriented topics like (Abstraction, Polymorphism, Inheritance, Design patterns, UML, Databases and ORMs, SOLID principles, DRY principle, ...etc) I have these topics covered, but what I'm looking forward to is bringing up topics such as Efferent Coupling, Afferent Coupling, Instability, The law of Demeter, ...etc. Till few days ago I never knew such concepts existed (maybe because I'm a communication engineer basically not a CS graduate.) Can you please recommend some more advanced topics concerning object oriented programming?

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• Code maintenance: keeping a bad pattern when extending new code for being consistent or not ?

  - by Guillaume

  I have to extend an existing module of a project. I don't like the way it has been done (lots of anti-pattern involved, like copy/pasted code). I don't want to perform a complete refactor. Should I: create new methods using existing convention, even if I feel it wrong, to avoid confusion for the next maintainer and being consistent with the code base? or try to use what I feel better even if it is introducing another pattern in the code ? Precison edited after first answers: The existing code is not a mess. It is easy to follow and understand. BUT it is introducing lots of boilerplate code that can be avoided with good design (resulting code might become harder to follow then). In my current case it's a good old JDBC (spring template inboard) DAO module, but I have already encounter this dilemma and I'm seeking for other dev feedback. I don't want to refactor because I don't have time. And even with time it will be hard to justify that a whole perfectly working module needs refactoring. Refactoring cost will be heavier than its benefits. Remember: code is not messy or over-complex. I can not extract few methods there and introduce an abstract class here. It is more a flaw in the design (result of extreme 'Keep It Stupid Simple' I think) So the question can also be asked like that: You, as developer, do you prefer to maintain easy stupid boring code OR to have some helpers that will do the stupid boring code at your place ? Downside of the last possibility being that you'll have to learn some stuff and maybe you will have to maintain the easy stupid boring code too until a full refactoring is done)

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• Dealing with the customer / developer culture mismatch on an agile project

  - by Eric Smith

  One of the tenets of agile is ... Customer collaboration over contract negotiation ... another one is ... Individuals and interactions over processes and tools But the way I see it, at least when it comes to interaction with the customer, there is a fundamental problem: How the customer thinks is fundamentally different to how a software engineer thinks That may be a bit of a generalisation, yes. Arguably, there are business domains where this is not necessarily true---these are few and far between though. In many domains though, the typical customer is: Interested in daily operational concerns--short-range tactics ... not strategy; Only concerned with the immediate solution; Generally one-dimensional, non-abstract thinkers; Primarily interested in "getting the job done" as opposed to coming up with a lasting, quality solution. On the other hand, software engineers who practice agile are: Professionals who value quality; Individuals who understand the notion of "more haste less speed" i.e., spending a little more time to do things properly will save lots of time down the road; Generally, very experienced analytical thinkers. So very clearly, there is a natural culture discrepancy that tends to inhibit "customer collaboration". What's the best way to address this?

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