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  • Modelling multiple simultaneous states

    - by James P.
    How can you go about modelling an object that can have multiple simultaneous states? For example, you could have a person that's waiting for a bus. That's one state. But they could also be reading a newspaper while waiting for the bus. Furthermore, they could be thinking about something while reading the newspaper. They could also be sniffing their nose because they have a cold. That's a four states in all taking place at the same time. Obviously using booleans would be tedious and unflexible. Also, a conventional state pattern would mean that states are exclusive and can't be simultaneous in nature. The only thing I can think of is a State pattern combined with a Composite. Would this do or is there a way of taking things further?

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  • Properly design a code editor application

    - by Hemaulo
    I'm working on personal project which is basically a code editor. Imagine standard File menu with menu items New, Open, Save, Save As, Save All, Close, Close All. I'm stuck with proper design. Currently I have: A Document class which represents a document - code editing control, respective tab in tab bar and various properties such as Caption, Filename, IsModified etc. A Documents class which represents all open documents. Contains methods like New, Open(FileName), ... The problem is that I can't figure out which class / menu command is responsible for which tasks. For example, with File-New menu command is simple - call Documents.New and that's it. But what for File-Open? The Documents.Open method expects filename as a parameter. So before calling this method I need to open an file selection dialog, let user select files and for each file call Documents.Open(FileName). Where is best place for this supporting code, in menu command, rewrite Documents.Open and put it there? The same with Save actions. Which is responsible for saving? Is it Documents class which uses Document.Editor.SaveToFile(FileName) or better create Save method in Document class? Somewhere in the middle also need to ask user if he wants to save current document... I'm stuck. Any ideas? Edited: The programming language is Delphi.

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  • How to get associated URLRequest from Event.COMPLETE fired by URLLoader

    - by matt lohkamp
    So let's say we want to load some XML - var xmlURL:String = 'content.xml'; var xmlURLRequest:URLRequest = new URLRequest(xmlURL); var xmlURLLoader:URLLoader = new URLLoader(xmlURLRequest); xmlURLLoader.addEventListener(Event.COMPLETE, function(e:Event):void{ trace('loaded',xmlURL); trace(XML(e.target.data)); }); If we need to know the source URL for that particular XML doc, we've got that variable to tell us, right? Now let's imagine that the xmlURL variable isn't around to help us - maybe we want to load 3 XML docs, named in sequence, and we want to use throwaway variables inside of a for-loop: for(var i:uint = 3; i > 0; i--){ var xmlURLLoader:URLLoader = new URLLoader(new URLRequest('content'+i+'.xml')); xmlURLLoader.addEventListener(Event.COMPLETE, function(e:Event):void{ trace(e.target.src); // I wish this worked... trace(XML(e.target.data)); }); } Suddenly it's not so easy, right? I hate that you can't just say e.target.src or whatever - is there a good way to associate URLLoaders with the URL they loaded data from? Am I missing something? It feels unintuitive to me.

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  • Workaround for abstract attributes in Java

    - by deamon
    In Scala I would write an abstract class with an abstract attribute path: abstract class Base { val path: String } class Sub extends Base { override val path = "/demo/" } Java doesn't know abstract attributes and I wonder what would be the best way to work around this limitation. My ideas: a) constructor parameter abstract class Base { protected String path; protected Base(String path) { this.path = path; } } class Sub extends Base { public Sub() { super("/demo/"); } } b) abstract method abstract class Base { // could be an interface too abstract String getPath(); } class Sub extends Base { public String getPath() { return "/demo/"; } } Which one do you like better? Other ideas? I tend to use the constructor since the path value should not be computed at runtime.

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  • strategy for observer pattern?

    - by fayer
    I want to use observer pattern for a logging system. We have got logObservers and logObservables. The class that will have to log something will implement iLogObservable and include these methods: private $logObservers = array(); public function addLogObserver($logObserver) { $this->logObservers[] = $logObserver; } public function removeLogObserver($logObserver) { $this->logObservers[] = $logObserver; } public function write($type, $message) { foreach($this->logObservers as $logObserver) { $logObserver->log($level, $message); ; } } Then I noticed, that a lot of classes that will use logging will have these methods and I have to copy paste. So isn't it better to have these methods in a class I call LogObservable or just Log and then use strategy (instantiate this class inside all classes that will have to log). When I change the methods in Log, all logObservables will be affected. However, I have not seen anyone use observer pattern with strategy pattern yet, but it seems to be very efficient and remove the duplications. What do you think?

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  • Object-oriented GUI development in python

    - by ptabatt
    Hey guys, new programmer here. I have an assignment for class and I'm stuck... What I need to do is a create a GUI that gives someone a basic arithmetic problem in one box, asks the person to answer it, evaluates it, and tells you if you're right or wrong... Basically, what I have is this: [code] class Lesson(Frame): def init (self, parent=None): Frame.init(self, parent) self.pack() Lesson.make_widgets(self) def make_widgets(self): Label(self, text="").pack(side=TOP) ent = Entry(self) self.a = randrange(1,10) self.b = randrange(1,10) self.expr = choice(["+","-"]) ent.insert(END, str(self.a) + str(self.expr) + str(self.a)) [/code] I've broken this down into many little steps and basically, what I'm trying to do right now is insert a default random expression into the first entry widget. When I run this code, I just get a blank Label. Why is that? How can I put a something like "7+7" into the box? If you absolutely need background to the problem, it's question #3 on this link. http://reed.cs.depaul.edu/lperkovic/csc242/homeworks/Homework8.html -Thanks for all help in advance.

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  • How to make some functions of a class as private for third level of inheritance.

    - by Shantanu Gupta
    I have created a class say A which has some functions defined as protected. Now Class B inherits A and class C inherits B. Class A has private default constructor and protected parameterized constructor. I want Class B to be able to access all the protected functions defined in Class A but class C can have access on some of the functions only not all the functions and class C is inheriting class B. How can I restrict access to some of the functions of Class A from Class C ? Class A { private A(){} protected A(int ){} protected calc(){} protected allow(){} } Class B : A {} // calc() and allow() should be accessible here CLass C:B { // calc() should not be accessible here but allow() should be accessible here. }

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  • In PHP, is it possible to create an instance of an class without calling class's constructor ?

    - by Rachel
    By any means, is it possible to create an instance of an php class without calling its constructor ? I have Class A and while creating an instance of it am passing file and in constructor of Class A am opening the file. Now in Class A, there is function which I need to call but am not required to pass file and so there is not need to use constructor functionality of opening file as am not passing file. So my question is, Is it possible by any means to create an instance of an PHP class without calling its constructor ?

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  • javascript constructor reset: What is it ?

    - by Sake
    I came across this slide: http://www.slideshare.net/stoyan/javascript-patterns#postComment at page 35: Option 5 + super + constructor reset function inherit(C, P) { var F = function(){}; F.prototype = P.prototype; C.prototype = new F(); C.uber = P.prototype; C.prototype.constructor = C; // WHY ??? } I don't get it. Can anybody please explain what the last line for ? C.prototype.constructor = C; // WHY ??? Thanks

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  • Placement of service methods

    - by mhp
    Let's assume I have two service classes with the following methods: GroupService createGroup() deleteGroup() updateGroup() findGroup() UserService createUser() deleteUser() updateUser() findUser() Now, I am thinking about the aesthetics of theses classes. Imagine we want to implement a method which search for all user of a specific group. Which service class is responsible for such a method? I mean, the return value is a user (or maybe a collection of users) but the parameter (which means the name of the group) is a group. So which service class is the better place to put this method in?

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  • Java inheritance and super() isn't working as expected

    - by dwwilson66
    For a homework assignment, I'm working with the following. It's an assigned class structure, I know it's not the best design by a long shot. Class | Extends | Variables -------------------------------------------------------- Person | None | firstName, lastName, streetAddress, zipCode, phone CollegeEmployee | Person | ssn, salary,deptName Faculty | CollegeEmployee | tenure(boolean) Student | person | GPA,major So in the Faculty class... public class Faculty extends CollegeEmployee { protected String booleanFlag; protected boolean tenured; public Faculty(String firstName, String lastName, String streetAddress, String zipCode, String phoneNumber,String ssn, String department,double salary) { super(firstName,lastName,streetAddress,zipCode,phoneNumber, ssn,department,salary); String booleanFlag = JOptionPane.showInputDialog (null, "Tenured (Y/N)?"); if(booleanFlag.equals("Y")) tenured = true; else tenured = false; } } It was my understanding that super() in Faculty would allow access to the variables in CollegeEmployee as well as Person. With the code above, it compiles fine when I ONLY include the Person variables. As soon as I try to use ssn, department, or salary I get the following compile errors. Faculty.java:15: error: constructor CollegeEmployee in class CollegeEmployee can not be applied to the given types: super(firstName,lastName,streetAddress,zipCode,phoneNumber,ssn,department,salary); ^ Required: String,String,String,String,String Found: String,String,String,String,String,String,String,String reason: actual and formal argument lists differ in length I'm completely confused by this error...which is the actual and formal? Person has five arguments, CollegeEmployee has 3, so my guess is that something's funky with how the parameters are being passed...but I'm not quite sure where to begin fixing it. What am I missing?

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  • how do call a polymorphic function from an agnostic function?

    - by sds
    I have a method foo void foo (String x) { ... } void foo (Integer x) { ... } and I want to call it from a method which does not care about the argument: void bar (Iterable i) { ... for (Object x : i) foo(x); // this is the only time i is used ... } the code above complains that that foo(Object) is not defined and when I add void foo (Object x) { throw new Exception; } then bar(Iterable<String>) calls that instead of foo(String) and throws the exception. How do I avoid having two textually identical definitions of bar(Iterable<String>) and bar(Iterable<Integer>)? I thought I would be able to get away with something like <T> void bar (Iterable<T> i) { ... for (T x : i) foo(x); // this is the only time i is used ... } but then I get cannot find foo(T) error.

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  • Overload the equals method in java

    - by fastcodejava
    Does anyone overload the equals method in java? The overloaded method will be public boolean equals(final MyClass myClass) This will have the benefit of having the relevant comparison part (guts of the method) in another method. Details are in this blog.

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  • Calling a subclass method from a superclass

    - by Shaun
    Preface: This is in the context of a Rails application. The question, however, is specific to Ruby. Let's say I have a Media object. class Media < ActiveRecord::Base end I've extended it in a few subclasses: class Image < Media def show # logic end end class Video < Media def show # logic end end From within the Media class, I want to call the implementation of show from the proper subclass. So, from Media, if self is a Video, then it would call Video's show method. If self is instead an Image, it would call Image's show method. Coming from a Java background, the first thing that popped into my head was 'create an abstract method in the superclass'. However, I've read in several places (including Stack Overflow) that abstract methods aren't the best way to deal with this in Ruby. With that in mind, I started researching typecasting and discovered that this is also a relic of Java thinking that I need to banish from my mind when dealing with Ruby. Defeated, I started coding something that looked like this: def superclass_method # logic this_media = self.type.constantize.find(self.id) this_media.show end I've been coding in Ruby/Rails for a while now, but since this was my first time trying out this behavior and existing resources didn't answer my question directly, I wanted to get feedback from more-seasoned developers on how to accomplish my task. So, how can I call a subclass's implementation of a method from the superclass in Rails? Is there a better way than what I ended up (almost) implementing?

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  • What problems do you find with this view on domain-driven design?

    - by Bozho
    I just wrote a long (and messy) blogpost about my view on domain-driven design at present day, with frameworks like spring and hibernate massively in use. I'd ask you to spot any problems with my views on the matter - why this won't work, why it isn't giving the benefits of DDD, why it is not a good idea in general. The blogpost is here (I don't think I need to copy-paste it on SO - if you think I should, tell me). I know the question is subjective, but it is aimed at gathering the most predominant opinions. (I'm tagging Java, since the frameworks discussed are Java frameworks)

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  • Most efficient way to update attribute of one instance

    - by Begbie00
    Hi all - I'm creating an arbitrary number of instances (using for loops and ranges). At some event in the future, I need to change an attribute for only one of the instances. What's the best way to do this? Right now, I'm doing the following: 1) Manage the instances in a list. 2) Iterate through the list to find a key value. 3) Once I find the right object within the list (i.e. key value = value I'm looking for), change whatever attribute I need to change. for Instance within ListofInstances: if Instance.KeyValue == SearchValue: Instance.AttributeToChange = 10 This feels really inefficient: I'm basically iterating over the entire list of instances, even through I only need to change an attribute in one of them. Should I be storing the Instance references in a structure more suitable for random access (e.g. dictionary with KeyValue as the dictionary key?) Is a dictionary any more efficient in this case? Should I be using something else? Thanks, Mike

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  • How can i return dataset perfectly from sql?

    - by Phsika
    i try to write a winform application: i dislike below codes: DataTable dt = new DataTable(); dt.Load(dr); ds = new DataSet(); ds.Tables.Add(dt); Above part of codes looks unsufficient.How can i best loading dataset? public class LoadDataset { public DataSet GetAllData(string sp) { return LoadSQL(sp); } private DataSet LoadSQL(string sp) { SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["ConnectionString"].ToString()); SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sp, con); DataSet ds; try { con.Open(); cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; SqlDataReader dr = cmd.ExecuteReader(); DataTable dt = new DataTable(); dt.Load(dr); ds = new DataSet(); ds.Tables.Add(dt); return ds; } finally { con.Dispose(); cmd.Dispose(); } } }

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  • When exactly does a method have side effects?

    - by Kim
    As I always understood it, any change to the programs state (or anything to do with IO) is a side effect. It does not matter, whether the change occurs in a global variable or in a private field of the object the method is called on. It follows that all methods which do not return anything either do nothing at all or have a side effect. My confusion comes from one of our university's instructors (who is still a student and thus not omniscient yet;) ) telling me setters don't have side effects.

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  • when does static member gets memory.

    - by vaibhav
    I have a class which have a static member. As I understand all static members are common for all instance of the class. So it means static members would get memory only once. Where is this memory is allocated (Stack or Heap) and when this memory get allocated.

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  • real time scenario between interface/abstract class ?

    - by JavaUser
    Hi , Please give me a real time simple example for the below questions : Where to use interface rather abstract class Where to use abstract class rather interface I need code snippet for both . Which takes low memory and which performs well . Do I need to consider the design aspect also? What is the conceptual difference not the syntactical difference .

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  • PHP Classes: Call method in instance of a class by instance's name

    - by Ursus Russus
    Hi, i have a class of this kind Class Car { private $color; public function __construct($color){ $this->color=$color; } public function get_color(){ return $this->$color; } } Then i create some instances of it: $blue_car = new car('blue'); $green_car = new car('green'); etc. Now i need to call method get_color() on the fly, according to instance's name $instance_name='green_car'; Is there any way to do it?

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  • Some specific questions about object oriented and MVC design.

    - by Samn
    I have two objects, Users and Mail. Users create Mail objects and send them to other users. If I wanted to get all mail for a User, I could create a method like GetMail() that would return an array of Mail objects owned by that User. But if I wanted to get all mail across the system, what "type" of object would be responsible for that? To solve this problem, I usually create a Manager, which is an object responsible for dealing with a collection of a particular type of object. MailManager deals with collections of Mail objects. GetMailForUser() is one method, GetAllMail() is another method. The User objects invokes the MailManager and executes GetMailForUser(me). Is this stupid? When a user executes the controller CreateMail, a new instance of the Mail object is created. The Mail object, seeing it is creating a new Mail of type 'sent', decides to go ahead and create a second Mail object for the recipient, of type 'received'. Creating one Mail object triggers the creation of a second Mail object. Is this stupid? Should the controller have created both Mail objects, or just the first 'sent' one? When two Users are friends, the association is stored in a table of Relationships. I use a simple object for Relationships. A RelationshipManager has a method called GetFriendsForUser(). The User object has a method GetFriends(), which invokes the RelationshipManager. Is this stupid?

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