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• Kernel appears to have no modules

  - by George Reith

  Useful info: OS: CentOS 5.8 final Kernel: 2.6.32-042stab056.8 My kernel came prebuilt with the server, I don't know anything about kernels and not a lot about linux however as far as I do know I should have some modules loaded by the kernel. I came across this problem because I am unable to run iscsi as it is expecting certain modules to be loaded. lsmod returns nothing. depmod -a returns: WARNING: Couldn't open directory /lib/modules/2.6.32-042stab056.8: No such file or directory FATAL: Could not open /lib/modules/2.6.32-042stab056.8/modules.dep.temp for writing: No such file or directory I have rebooted and nothing has changed. Does anyone know why this is happening?

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• Which OS should I chose for my VPS?

  - by Camran

  I am about to order a virtual private server now, and have no experience in any Linux OS whatsoever. I am a fast learner however... My VPS provider provides these OS: Ubuntu 8.04 LTS Ubuntu 8.04 LTS 64-bit Ubuntu 9.10 Ubuntu 9.10 64-bit Debian 5.0 Gentoo Gentoo 64-bit Ubuntu 8.04 LTS + Ruby on rails I don't know what these are, however I have heard about Ubuntu alot, and know there is alot of information about it on the Internet. Will it make any difference which one I chose? I plan on running a classifieds website, which uses PHP, MySql, Java (for Solr) and the usual standard stuff (HTML, javascript...). Which should I chose? And what is the next step after chosing one? Thanks

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• Virtual Hosting in RHEL5

  - by Kumar P

  We having RHEL5 linux server with few windows xp clients. We providing web development in php. Now my developers as for common local php server for keep their projects in same place. Currently proxy server and samba sharing are running in RHEL5 server. I installed httpd,php,MySQL in server. And i would like to configure virtual hosting too for LAN. What i want do for it ? In server we have 2 Ethernet ports, 1 for local connection and another one for Internet. Internet provided by ADSL provider. (192.168.0.0 series for ADSL modem connection and 10.1.1.0 for LAN connection. If i want to use virtual hosting , am i want to setup local DNS server ? My requirements are, setup php with mySQL server for Local clients with multiple hosting , without disturbing proxy and samba. Help me to solve it.

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• Can't figure out how to make Slitaz USB persistent

  - by Dennis Hodapp

  I installed Slitaz on my USB. However I can't figure out how to make it persistent automatically. There are different sources telling me different ways to make it persistent. One told me to add "slitaz home=usb" to the syslinux.cfg file like this: append initrd=/boot/rootfs.gz rw root=/dev/null vga=normal autologin slitaz home=usb but it didn't work for me. http://www.slitaz.org/en/doc/handbook/liveusb.html gave an example of how to do it manually but I didn't try it and I also want it to happen automatically. custompc.co.uk/features/602451/make-any-pc-your-own-with-linux-on-a-usb-key.html is an older article that also explains how to make the USB persistent but I don't want to try it cause it looks outdated (from 2008) does anyone know the best way to make the USB automatically persistent?

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• How useful is mounting /tmp noexec?

  - by Novelocrat

  Many people (including the Securing Debian Manual) recommend mounting /tmp with the noexec,nodev,nosuid set of options. This is generally presented as one element of a 'defense-in-depth' strategy, by preventing the escalation of an attack that lets someone write a file, or an attack by a user with a legitimate account but no other writable space. Over time, however, I've encountered arguments (most prominently by Debian/Ubuntu Developer Colin Watson) that noexec is a useless measure, for a couple potential reasons: The user can run /lib/ld-linux.so <binary> in an attempt to get the same effect. The user can still run system-provided interpreters on scripts that can't be run directly Given these arguments, the potential need for more configuration (e.g. debconf likes an executable temporary directory), and the potential loss of convenience, is this a worthwhile security measure? What other holes do you know of that enable circumvention?

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• /data/tmp on database server?

  - by Mellon

  I am on a Linux ubuntu machine with MySQL installed. My teacher gave out an assignment which mentioned "copy cars.dat to /data/tmp on the MySQL database server" without any explanations, I do not know what is the "/data/tmp on database server" means exactly? Basically after that I need to execute SQL statement like LOAD DATA INFILE '/data/tmp/cars.dat' INTO TABLE cars So, what does copy cars.dat to /data/tmp on the database server means as there is no /data/tmp directory even? Personally, I checked /etc/mysql/my.cnf file, inside which there are definitions of : ... basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp ... Does it mean to copy cars.dat to the tmpdir which is just /tmp under root directory??

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• How to rename everything matching a certain string in a folder

  - by lostiniceland

  Hello Everyone I am running Linux and I have some basic console knowledge but my current problem is quite difficult and I dont know how to achieve this. I want/need to rename everything within a folder that matches a given string. By everything I mean folders/files content within a file content in hidden files Basically I want to refactor a Java-project. Sure, I could use Eclipse to handle the replacing, but this leaves out the folders or resources outside of my workspace. I was thinking of a script that could do the job for me but this seems rather tricky. For instance when it comes to folder-/file-rename I want to replace only the part of the name that matches my string, the rest should remain untouched. Maybe someone already has something like this in his/her script-collection :-) Thanks in advance Marc

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• Are there any command line utilities which can calculate and/or limit how fast a pipe is running?

  - by stsquad

  I'm doing some basic stress testing of a Linux kernel network IWF with netcat. The set-up is fairly simple. On the target side: nc -l -p 10000 > /dev/null And on my desktop I was running: cat /dev/urandom | nc 192.168.0.20 10000 I'm using urandom for some poor-mans fuzz testing. However I find that even at this rate I can break something quite quickly. EDIT So I've been playing with trickle to rate limit how fast I'm generating data: cat /dev/urandom | trickle -u 10 nc 192.168.0.20 10000 But it's hard to tell if this is working. What would be really useful is a the pv equivilent of trickle that can work with pipes.

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• Why is MySQL making the CPU run at about 80%?

  - by Robert

  MySQL is eating up about 80% of my CPU for no reason as far as I can see. Right now this server is rarely used, more of a test site I set up that will eventually be a used for production once I fix small problems like this. I run 3 instances of MySQL but it seems that my first instance is taking up all the CPU. When I turn off the first instance and leave the other two on everything runs fine. Any suggestions? I tried Show Processlist and no statements are being run besides "Sleep" and the query "Show Processlist" (obviously) at the time it's using up all this CPU. my.cnf is basic. I did not optimize or change any MySQL settings. Do you think this would cause such strange behavior? The machine is running Linux Centos 5.7 64 bit and MySQL 5.0.95. Thanks

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• What's more cost effective, Hosting your web startup on Foss or Windows?

  - by user37899

  Hi, Not coming from the windows world, I'm confused about licensing. I think my knowledge may be out of date. Before we gave up with windows web servers (IIS 2), we used to have to pay Client Access licence's. This worked out quite expensive. Is it cheaper to host 1000's of users on Windows than use Free open source software tools? http://serverfault.com/questions/124329/network-load-balancing-efficience-and-limits. This post suggests I can pay $15 a month, for unlimited users. I certainly hope that this is unbiased view, I am a professional and use the right technology for the right job. I hope i am not feeling the wrath of a windows (or linux for that matter) fanboy. Perhaps a Microsoft certified Licensing person can clear this up. Should i be recommending to startups windows servers and products over lamp? Cheers!

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• Enabling Compiz Viewport Switcher key bindings

  - by David Moles

  I'm running compiz 0.8.2 with compizconfig on Scientific Linux 6.2 with Gnome 2.28.2. In the compizconfig "General Options" I have "Desktop Size" set as follows: Horizontal Virtual Size: 6 Vertical Virtual Size: 1 Number of Desktops: 1 This gets me the layout I want, i.e. 6 workspaces in a horizontal layout. Ctrl-alt-cursor-keys work fine for switching between them. However, I can't figure out how to get key bindings for specific workspaces. I've tried enabling "Viewport Switcher" in compizconfig, and tried various combinations both in "Number-based viewport switching" and "Go to specific viewport", to no apparent effect. My first thought was that something else was eating the specific key bindings I chose, but I think I've tried every combination of shift, control, alt and super (i.e., the Windows key) by now. I tried setting 6 desktops under "General Options" instead of one desktop with horizontal virtual size 6, but that doesn't seem to make a difference either. What am I missing?

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• What is fastest way to backup a disk image over LAN?

  - by David Balažic

  Sometimes I boot sysrescd or a similar live linux on a PC to backup the hardrive over local network to my server. I noticed many times, that the transfer speed is not optimal (slower than HDD and network speed). Any rules of thumb what to do and what to avoid? What I typically do is something like: dd bs=16M if=/dev/sda | nc ... # on client nc ... | dd bs=16M of=/destination/disk/backup1 # on server I also "throw" in lzop (other are way too slow) and sometimes on the fly md5sum calculation (both of uncompressed and compress source). I try to add (m)buffer (or other alternatives) to improve throughput (and get a progress indicator). I noticed that even with enough free CPU, adding commands to the pipeline slows things down. Typically the destination is on a NTFS volume (accessed via ntfs-3g, with the _big_writes_ option).

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• Virtual OS using same Wallpaper as Host

  - by Jeff

  Greetings, I'm running a guest Linux OS on top of Windows XP, which rotates its wallpapers using the PowerToy Wallpaper Changer. I'm hoping for a way for my guest OS to somehow detect which wallpaper the host is using, and automatically switch to it. Why? Because if I run my guest OS in seamless mode and have transparent windows, I want the transparent background to match the host OS. It looks nice that way :). A couple tidbits of relevant information: Guest OS is Peppermint Ice (Ubuntu based) Host OS is Windows XP VirtualBox as virtualization software I realize this is somewhat breaking borders between the host and the guest, but I want my pretty rotating wallpaper! I'm guessing there is a way using scripts and shared folders or something similar, if not by means of just querying the host OS.

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• Determine process using a port, without sudo

  - by pat

  I'd like to find out which process (in particular, the process id) is using a given port. The one catch is, I don't want to use sudo, nor am I logged in as root. The processes I want this to work for are run by the same user that I want to find the process id - so I would have thought this was simple. Both lsof and netstat won't tell me the process id unless I run them using sudo - they will tell me that the port is being used though. As some extra context - I have various apps all connecting via SSH to a server I manage, and creating reverse port forwards. Once those are set up, my server does some processing using the forwarded port, and then the connection can be killed. If I can map specific ports (each app has their own) to processes, this is a simple script. Any suggestions? This is on an Ubuntu box, by the way - but I'm guessing any solution will be standard across most Linux distros.

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• Plesk directory structure problems

  - by johnnietheblack

  I have an entire website with the following directory structure: /example.com /html (public) /css /js index.php /lib session.php other_lib_files.php /views index.php /models /controllers As illustrated, the html is public, and anything above it is private. My site now needs to upgrade servers, and the new server (Linux w/ Plesk) has the following structure (reduced to the problematic parts below): /myplesksite.com /httpdocs /css /js index.php /private /lib /models /views What I would THINK is that I should be able to put my /lib, /views, /models, etc in the directory directly above /httpdocs, the same way I had it in my previous server. Is that possible? Or do I have to put it in private? I would really love not to have to adjust my internal paths throughout the site if not necessary...

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• Routing Traffic on Ubuntu to give Raspberry PI Internet Access

  - by Scruffers

  I'm hoping someone can point me in the right direction for setting up my Linux (Ubuntu 12.04) box to route traffic from eth0 to wlan0. I'll try and explain the problem I am trying to solve: I currently have two separate networks: [RaspberryPi/eth0] 192.168.2.2 / 255.255.255.0 ^ | v [Ubuntu/eth0] 192.168.2.1 / 255.255.255.0 And: [Ubuntu/wlan0] 192.168.1.100 / 255.255.255.0 ^ | v [ADSL router] 192.168.1.1 / 255.255.255.0 So currently if I want to access the RaspberryPI I can SSH from the Ubuntu box to the PI. And if I want to use the Internet, I have full access from the Ubuntu box, but nothing from the RaspberryPI - the two networks are partitioned. What I would like to do is configure things so that the RaspberryPI has Internet access via the Ubuntu box and out to the Internet. I tried to create a bridge, but got the message "wlan0: operation not supported" (wireless chipset is Ralink RT3062). I'm sure giving the Raspberry PI Internet access should be easy to do in this configuration, but I am a bit lost - can someone point me in the right direction please?

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• Gnome 3 - Unable to change date and time

  - by Chris Harris

  I am running Arch Linux with Gnome 3. Unfortunately, although my time and date settings in /etc/rc.conf show that HARDWARECLOCK='UTC' and TIMEZONE='America/LosAngeles'. I continue to get the timezone of Europe/London. If I try to change the date and time via the GUI. It requires root access. After authorizing root access, the date and time may be changed; however, after closing the GUI window, it automatically reverts back to the previous incorrect timezone. I am able to use pool.ntp.org in order to sync my time to the correct one; however, this works only for the current session and is not fixed. This solution is inconvenient since there is not always network access. What other solutions are available for this problem?

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• Does Wake-on-LAN from power state S5 require any OS configuration?

  - by TARehman

  I am configuring a HTPC which I would like to be able to power on using Wake-on-LAN, from the S5 state (full shutdown, still plugged in). The system is running Linux Mint 14 Cinnamon. I'm getting some conflicting information in my searching on the Net. I am not concerned with using WoL to change the state from standby or hibernate to on. Because of the current interface to our TV, the system must be either turned on or turned off. So, basically, this system will cycle from S0 to S5, and from S5 back to S0, and so on. Some tutorials suggest that I need to use ethtool to configure things after enabling WoL in my BIOS, but my understanding is that doing an S5 - S0 power on only requires the BIOS to be configured (since when the computer is in state S5, the OS hasn't even been loaded anyway). Can I use WoL with only the BIOS configured to go from state S5 to S0, or will I need to configure the OS as well?

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• Installing Fedora Core 12 on a VPS

  - by cinqoTimo

  I'm working on a Linux VPS that is running FC6, and I want to reinstall with the latest version FC12. The VPS is running on the Virtuozzo platform. I am also running Plesk on the VPS. This is all managed hosting through Network Solutions, so I don't have access to the actual box. My question is, how does one reinstall a different OS through Virtuozzo? I see "reinstall VPS" in virtuozzo, but this just burns a fresh copy of FC6? Is this a host-by-host thing, or are there best practices for accomplishing this..?

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• Opening firewall to incoming port 443

  - by jrdioko

  I recently set up the ufw firewall on a Linux machine so that outgoing connections are allowed, incoming connections are denied, and denied connections are logged. This seems to work fine for most cases, but I see many denied connections that are incoming on port 443 (many with IPs associated with Facebook). I can open that port to incoming connections, but first wanted to ask what these could be. Shouldn't HTTPS requests be initiated by me and be treated as outbound, not inbound connections? Is it typical to open incoming port 443 on consumer firewalls?

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• KDE doesn't start up anything else

  - by Shane

  I just installed KDE under Arch Linux. Problem is, nothing is starting up right with it - no window manager, no panels, nothing. All I get is a small terminal window in the bottom right corner of the screen, which I'm assuming is konsole. From that single window I can do things like start kwin or launch programs whose names I happen to know (like chromium or firefox), but I don't have a panel for starting programs or switching between programs. It doesn't matter whether I start kdm through inittab or manually by typing # /etc/rc.d/kdm start. KDM looks great, but once I log in as my normal user I just get a console window with no decoration. Is there a startup script for KDE somewhere that needs to run, and usually has a bunch of programs by default - like a window manager, panels, widgets, and all the normal background programs that run in an ordinary GUI? If so, how can I "restore" the default behavior?

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• VMware Server guest systems are extremely slow with IO load on host (Ubuntu 8.04)

  - by Dennis G.

  We are experiencing performance issues with a VMware Server 2.x installation on an Ubuntu 8.04 host. When the host system is generating IO load (for example, copying large files as part of a backup operation), the guests (also Ubuntu 8.04) become extremely unresponsive and slow (simple Apache HTTP requests taking 5 seconds instead of the usual 200ms). We tried optimizing various aspects of the VMs, but the issue remains. Is there a known bug with VMware performance under linux if host IO load is high? Is there a way to fix this? Is this only an issue with Ubuntu systems, or have you seen it on other systems before? Thanks!

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• Can KVM roll back changes to Virtual Disks automatically?

  - by Cygon

  I'm currently using VirtualBox on my Linux server to run a small Windows guest OS. I've configured its main virtual hard drive as what VBox calls "Immutable" - meaning that any changes to it are written into a differencing image that is discarded when the system reboots. Can KVM do something similar? I've read about snapshots via "savevm", "loadvm" but I believe that's saved states, not differencing images. What I ultimately want is a VM with two drives: one reverts on each reboot, one keeps its changes. Ideally, the unchangeable drive image should be stored with only read access granted to the user running KVM.

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• tcp handshake failed.client send rst (after syn-ack). can any one advice?

  - by user1495181

  architecture: 2 linux computer connected . on the second (192.168.1.1) one run apache server . I have a small program that take tcp packets from nfqueue change the dst ip to 192.168.1.1 in case that the dst ip is 192.168.1.2 (i know that i can do it with iptables , but my program will do more things in the future), fix check sum and return to the queue. if i call to telnet 192.168.1.1 , means that my program dosnt need to do any manipulation, handshake is OK. If i call to telnet 192.168.1.2 , my program change the dest. server get the syn and return syn-ack, but right after getting the syn-ack the client send rst. Can anyone advice? wireshark of the telnet tcpdump of the telenet above

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• Giving a permission to write and read from /var/www

  - by mako

  I need that directory, as I want to put my sites there, so that apache can run them.. It is my virtual directory path.. and I am new to linux.. I just want to read and write from that directory.. How do I enable creating/saving/reading files/folders from that directory? What command do I give? I tried a few, but I think I need to be a super user to make the folder writtable readable. Note that I dont care about security.

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