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• Tool for purging unneeded backups

  - by Dana the Sane

  I'm in the common situation where the one of the linux servers I use for storing backups is filling up. I'm wondering what tools are available for doing this. Ideally, what I would like is something that keeps nightlies for the previous month, weeklies for the 2nd to 5th preceding months and retains monthlies (well, every 3rd week) for an indefinite period. Everything that falls outside of that would be deleted after the backups are run. I could write a script to do this, but I feel like there must be a standard tool for this task.

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• "Installing" GD for PHP

  - by gbuckingham89

  I'm new to server admin & Linux and have just got a VPS running CentOS 6. Apache, MySQL and PHP all came installed (along with cPanel and WHM), however I'm now also trying to install the GD library. I've run "yum install php-gd" and it installed ok. If I run it again I get "Package php-gd-5.3.2-6.el6_0.1.x86_64 already installed and latest version". However, when I do a phpinfo() or from the command line "php -m" there is no mention of GD. Is there anything else I need to do?

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• Best practice for scaling a single application source to multiple nodes

  - by Andrew Waters

  I have an application which needs to scale horizontally to cover web and service nodes (at the moment they're all on one) but interact with the same set of databases and source files (both application code and custom assets). Database is no problem, it's handled already with replication in MongoDB. Also, the configuration of the servers are the same (100% linux). This question is literally about sharing a filesystem between machines so that its content is always correct, regardless of the node accessing it. My two thoughts have so far been NFS and SAN - SAN being prohibitively expensive and NFS seeing some performance issues on the second node with regards to glob()ing in PHP. Does anyone have recommended strategies or other techniques that don't involved sharding data across nodes or any potential gotchas in NFS that may cause slow disk seek times? To give you an idea of the scale, the main node initialises it's application modules in ~ 0.01 seconds. The secondary is taking ~2.2 seconds. They're VM's inside a local virtual network in ESXi and ping time between them is ~0.3ms

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• Watch Filesystem in Real Time on OS X and Ubuntu

  - by Adrian Schneider

  I'm looking for a CLI tool which will watch a directory and spit out the names of files that change in real time. some_watch_command /path/to/some/folder | xargs some_callback I'm aware of inotify (inotify-tools?) and it seems to be what I need, but I need something that is both Linux (in my case Ubuntu) and OSX compatible. It doesn't need to be lightning fast, but it does need to trigger upon changes (within a second is reasonable). Also, I don't necessarily need the exact CLI program mentioned above. If some underlying tech exists and is easily scriptable on both platforms that would be great too.

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• PostgreSQL disaster recovery options

  - by Alex

  My customer has quite a large (the total "data" folder size is 200G) PostgreSQL database and we are working on a disaster recovery plan. We have identified three different types of disasters so far: hardware outage, too much load and unintentional data loss due to erroneously executed bad migration (like DELETE or ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN). First two types seem to be easy to mitigate but we can't elaborate a good mitigation plan for the third type. I proposed to use ZFS and frequent (hourly) snapshots but "ZFS" means "OpenIndiana" these days and our Ops engineers do not have much expertise in it, so using OpenIndiana imposes another risk. Colleagues try to convince me that restoring from PostgreSQL PITR backup can be as fast as restoring from a ZFS snapshot but I highly doubt that replaying, say, 50G of archived WALs can be considered "fast". What other options are we missing? Is ZFS an only viable alternative? Can we get a fast Pg DB restore time in the Linux environment?

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• Virtual OS using same Wallpaper as Host

  - by Jeff

  Greetings, I'm running a guest Linux OS on top of Windows XP, which rotates its wallpapers using the PowerToy Wallpaper Changer. I'm hoping for a way for my guest OS to somehow detect which wallpaper the host is using, and automatically switch to it. Why? Because if I run my guest OS in seamless mode and have transparent windows, I want the transparent background to match the host OS. It looks nice that way :). A couple tidbits of relevant information: Guest OS is Peppermint Ice (Ubuntu based) Host OS is Windows XP VirtualBox as virtualization software I realize this is somewhat breaking borders between the host and the guest, but I want my pretty rotating wallpaper! I'm guessing there is a way using scripts and shared folders or something similar, if not by means of just querying the host OS.

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• Plesk directory structure problems

  - by johnnietheblack

  I have an entire website with the following directory structure: /example.com /html (public) /css /js index.php /lib session.php other_lib_files.php /views index.php /models /controllers As illustrated, the html is public, and anything above it is private. My site now needs to upgrade servers, and the new server (Linux w/ Plesk) has the following structure (reduced to the problematic parts below): /myplesksite.com /httpdocs /css /js index.php /private /lib /models /views What I would THINK is that I should be able to put my /lib, /views, /models, etc in the directory directly above /httpdocs, the same way I had it in my previous server. Is that possible? Or do I have to put it in private? I would really love not to have to adjust my internal paths throughout the site if not necessary...

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• fail2ban on server with LXC Containers

  - by RoboTamer

  The issue is modprobe and iptables don't work inside an LXC Container. LXC is the userspace control package for Linux Containers, a lightweight virtual system mechanism sometimes described as “chroot on steroids”. iptables error inside the container is: # iptables -I INPUT -s 122.129.126.194 -j DROP > iptables v1.4.8: can't initialize iptables table `filter': Table does not exist (do you need to insmod?) Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded. I am guessing that it can't work because the LXC containers share one kernel, the main server kernel. How do I do fail2ban in this case. modprobe and iptables work in the main server so I could install it there and link to the logfiles somehow, my guess? Any suggestions?

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• Can KVM roll back changes to Virtual Disks automatically?

  - by Cygon

  I'm currently using VirtualBox on my Linux server to run a small Windows guest OS. I've configured its main virtual hard drive as what VBox calls "Immutable" - meaning that any changes to it are written into a differencing image that is discarded when the system reboots. Can KVM do something similar? I've read about snapshots via "savevm", "loadvm" but I believe that's saved states, not differencing images. What I ultimately want is a VM with two drives: one reverts on each reboot, one keeps its changes. Ideally, the unchangeable drive image should be stored with only read access granted to the user running KVM.

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• Bash & 'su' script giving an error "standard in must be a tty".

  - by sHz

  Folks, I'm having an issue with a bash script which runs a particular command as a different user. The background: Running on a Linux box (CentOS), the script is quite simple, its starting the hudson-ci application. declare -r HOME=/home/hudson declare -r RUNAS=hudson declare -r HOME=/home/hudson declare -r LOG=hudson.log declare -r PID=hudson.pid declare -r BINARY=hudson.war su - ${RUNAS} -c "nohup java -jar ${HOME}/${BINARY} >> ${HOME}/${LOG} 2>&1; echo $! > ${HOME}/${PID}" & This is the bridged version of the script, when run, the script exists with "standard in must be a tty". Any ideas on what I could be doing wrong? I've tried Dr Google and all the advise hasn't helped thus far.

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• Password Self-serve Active Directory via LAMP environment

  - by keithosu

  I would like to be able to change active directory passwords via a Linux/Apache based webpage. This would be a self serve web page for the user. I have SSL-LDAP setup on the Active Directory to make this happen. Is there any project or code out there that will do this? I've looked at this phpadadmin and I cannot get it to work. I think this is for IIS/php/mySQL Another thing to note is I would like the user to authenticate to change their own password. The product/service should not need a privileged account to run. Thanks Keith

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• Tool to make screenshot-based "screencast"

  - by liori

  Hello, I'd like to make a simple animation: some screenshots with added text. Something like screencast, but simpler, no audio... and hopefully very quick to produce--this is my main requirement. Googling for "screencasts" gives me full-blown tools to record video and audio, and I don't need them. I can make screenshots manually, then add text in GIMP... but maybe there is something easier, quicker? Very preferably something that works on Linux.

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• Kernel appears to have no modules

  - by George Reith

  Useful info: OS: CentOS 5.8 final Kernel: 2.6.32-042stab056.8 My kernel came prebuilt with the server, I don't know anything about kernels and not a lot about linux however as far as I do know I should have some modules loaded by the kernel. I came across this problem because I am unable to run iscsi as it is expecting certain modules to be loaded. lsmod returns nothing. depmod -a returns: WARNING: Couldn't open directory /lib/modules/2.6.32-042stab056.8: No such file or directory FATAL: Could not open /lib/modules/2.6.32-042stab056.8/modules.dep.temp for writing: No such file or directory I have rebooted and nothing has changed. Does anyone know why this is happening?

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• Where can I configure wireless to be passed on to the Virtualbox guest?

  - by huahsin68

  I have WinXP install in virtualbox which host in Linux. I have a TP-Link (TP-WN321G) USB wifi adapter and have the driver installed inside WinXP. When I plug-in the wifi adapter, there is an option show "Ralink 802.11g WLAN [0101]" in the virtualbox's USB icon, tick on that option, the Device Manager able to detect the hardware which shows TP-Link, but when look into the properties, it says there is no driver was install. I did try to install Ralink driver but still no luck. Just curious why my wifi adapter is TP-Link, but the option show Ralink? May I know how can I emulate the wireless network inside WindowsXP?

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• Routing application traffic through specific interface

  - by UnicornsAndRainbows

  Hello All! First question here, so please go easy: I have a debian linux 5.0 server with two public interfaces. I would like to route outbound traffic from one instance of an application via one interface and the second instance through the second interface. There are some challenges: both instances of the application use the same protocol both instances of the application can access the entire internet (can't route based on dest network) I can't change the code of the application I don't think a typical approach to load balancing all traffic is going to work well, because there are relatively few destination servers being accessed in the outbound traffic, and all traffic would really need to be distributed pretty evenly across these relatively few servers. I could probably run two virtualized servers on the box and bind each of them to a different external ip, but I'm looking for a simpler solution, maybe using iproute or iptables? Any ideas for me? Thanks in advance - and I'm happy to answer any questions.

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• Can't figure out how to make Slitaz USB persistent

  - by Dennis Hodapp

  I installed Slitaz on my USB. However I can't figure out how to make it persistent automatically. There are different sources telling me different ways to make it persistent. One told me to add "slitaz home=usb" to the syslinux.cfg file like this: append initrd=/boot/rootfs.gz rw root=/dev/null vga=normal autologin slitaz home=usb but it didn't work for me. http://www.slitaz.org/en/doc/handbook/liveusb.html gave an example of how to do it manually but I didn't try it and I also want it to happen automatically. custompc.co.uk/features/602451/make-any-pc-your-own-with-linux-on-a-usb-key.html is an older article that also explains how to make the USB persistent but I don't want to try it cause it looks outdated (from 2008) does anyone know the best way to make the USB automatically persistent?

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• "Fuzzy" Display Problems on New OpenSUSE 11.3 Install

  - by Kryten

  Hi, I have a old Desktop that has a new installation of OpenSUSE 11.3 on it. To get straight to the point, whenever I try to start-up OpenSUSE, my display goes "fuzzy" (almost like a badly tuned TV) and sometimes (not always) my monitor goes black and says "Out of Range: 15.6kHz/49Hz": I assumed that this was a driver problem, so I download the drivers from nvidia and ran the shell script, completed and rebooted. Then OpenSUSE failed to boot with something like "nscd failed to start". At that point I decided to re-install and I did, but this time I tried un-checking "Automatic Configuration" to see if that helped. Got through the install and still have a problem. Unfortunately, my Linux troubleshooting skills are non-existent, so has anyone got any ideas on what could be the problem (is it the display driver?) and how I can fix the problem?

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• setting up bridged adapter for VPN server

  - by B. VB.

  I have an Ubuntu linux Linode server that I am trying to install OpenVPN on. I'm following the tutorials (which, it turns out, are quite incomplete). auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 192.168.0.10 network 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255 gateway 192.168.0.1 bridge_ports eth0 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off When I add this chunk in my /etc/network/interfaces, and I restart networking, my eth0 interface does not have an IP and I cannot get on the network (I need to use a buggy, slow, and annoying AJAX term to do damage repair). Why does adding this screw everything up? Any tips on how to set up this bridged adapter?? Thanks in advance!

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• Windows 7 wake from sleep and UTC?

  - by Joshua Elliott

  I've been having problems with windows 7 waking from sleep after one minute or so on my laptop. I also have ArchLinux installed on this computer. A while back I tried a registry tweak to get windows to use UTC so it would play nice with Linux. The registry tweak didn't seem to work and my windows clock was always wrong. Today I deleted the registry entry that I added, and the problem with sleeping seemed to go away. Can anyone make sense of this? The registry entry I added was: [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\TimeZoneInformation] "RealTimeIsUniversal"=dword:00000001

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• Do large folder sizes slow down IO performance?

  - by Aaron

  We have a Linux server process that writes a few thousand files to a directory, deletes the files, and then writes a few thousand more files to the same directory without deleting the directory. What I'm starting to see is that the process doing the writing is getting slower and slower. My question is this: The directory size of the folder has grown from 4096 to over 200000 as see by this output of ls -l. root@ad57rs0b# ls -l 15000PN5AIA3I6_B total 232 drwxr-xr-x 2 chef chef 233472 May 30 21:35 barcodes On ext3, can these large directory sizes slow down performance? Thanks. Aaron

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• How useful is mounting /tmp noexec?

  - by Novelocrat

  Many people (including the Securing Debian Manual) recommend mounting /tmp with the noexec,nodev,nosuid set of options. This is generally presented as one element of a 'defense-in-depth' strategy, by preventing the escalation of an attack that lets someone write a file, or an attack by a user with a legitimate account but no other writable space. Over time, however, I've encountered arguments (most prominently by Debian/Ubuntu Developer Colin Watson) that noexec is a useless measure, for a couple potential reasons: The user can run /lib/ld-linux.so <binary> in an attempt to get the same effect. The user can still run system-provided interpreters on scripts that can't be run directly Given these arguments, the potential need for more configuration (e.g. debconf likes an executable temporary directory), and the potential loss of convenience, is this a worthwhile security measure? What other holes do you know of that enable circumvention?

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• LVM mirroring VS RAID1

  - by syrenity

  Hi. Having learned a bit about LVM mirroring, I thought about replacing the current RAID-1 scheme I'm using to gain some flexibility. Problem is that according to what I found on the Internet, LVM is: 1) Slower then RAID-1, at least in reading (as only single volume being used for reading). 2) Non-reliable on power interrupts, and requires disk cache disabling for prevention of data loss. http://www.joshbryan.com/blog/2008/01/02/lvm2-mirrors-vs-md-raid-1/ Also it seems, at least to several setup guides I read (http://www.tcpdump.com/kb/os/linux/lvm-mirroring/intro.html), that one actually requires a 3rd disk for storing the LVM log. This makes the setup completely unusable on 2 disks installations, and lowers the amount of used mirror disks on higher amount of disks. Can anyone comment the above facts, and let me know his experience of using LVM mirroring? Thanks.

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• How do I associate server traffic to a domain hosted on that server?

  - by morley

  I have three or four Linux servers, each of which hosts anywhere from 5 to 50 domains. Each domain has its own folder: /www/projectname/web/ Logs go in: /www/projectname/log However, if there's a traffic spike (or, as I see it on my end, a memory usage spike), I'm not sure how to figure out which domain is responsible for the traffic without running tail -f on each of the projects and making an educated guess based on how fast things scroll. There's got to be a better way! There probably is, but I haven't seen it. And the last time I checked, bandwidth monitors only report system-wide load. So if anyone knows how to do this the right way, please let me know. Thanks!

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• Routing Traffic on Ubuntu to give Raspberry PI Internet Access

  - by Scruffers

  I'm hoping someone can point me in the right direction for setting up my Linux (Ubuntu 12.04) box to route traffic from eth0 to wlan0. I'll try and explain the problem I am trying to solve: I currently have two separate networks: [RaspberryPi/eth0] 192.168.2.2 / 255.255.255.0 ^ | v [Ubuntu/eth0] 192.168.2.1 / 255.255.255.0 And: [Ubuntu/wlan0] 192.168.1.100 / 255.255.255.0 ^ | v [ADSL router] 192.168.1.1 / 255.255.255.0 So currently if I want to access the RaspberryPI I can SSH from the Ubuntu box to the PI. And if I want to use the Internet, I have full access from the Ubuntu box, but nothing from the RaspberryPI - the two networks are partitioned. What I would like to do is configure things so that the RaspberryPI has Internet access via the Ubuntu box and out to the Internet. I tried to create a bridge, but got the message "wlan0: operation not supported" (wireless chipset is Ralink RT3062). I'm sure giving the Raspberry PI Internet access should be easy to do in this configuration, but I am a bit lost - can someone point me in the right direction please?

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• Why can't mplayer/libdvdcss/whatever play my DVDs?

  - by che

  To put it bluntly, mplayer is unable to correctly play video DVDs. It seems to correctly find the title and everything, but the picture is broken or not displayed at all, with messages like: a52: CRC check failed! a52: error at resampling [mpeg1video @ 0xa8d840]sequence header damaged [mpeg1video @ 0xa8d840]Missing picture start code Now, this all is on amd64 Gentoo Linux system. I believe the problem is not in mplayer itself, since the playback also breaks in VLC or when i copy the VOBs via vobcopy and try to play them afterwards. I use libdvdcss-1.2.10 and libdvdread-4.1.3_p1168 (current stable in Gentoo), and tried previous versions of both libs, but it didn't change a thing. The DVDs I have tried play fine in regular DVD player or on a Windows laptop. I remember the playback used to work about a year ago and I don't know what to try next. Any hints would be welcome.

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