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• ObjC internals. Why my duck typing attempt failed?

  - by Piotr Czapla

  I've tried to use id to create duck typing in objective-c. The concept looks fine in theory but failed in practice. I was unable to use any parameters in my methods. The methods were called but parameters were wrong. I was getting BAD_ACESS for objects and random values for primitives. I've attached a simple example below. The question: Does any one knows why the methods parameters are wrong? What is happening under the hood of the objective-c? Note: I'm interest in the details. I know how to make the example below work. An example: I've created a simple class Test that is passed to an other class using property id test. @implementation Test - (void) aSampleMethodWithFloat:(float) f andInt: (int) i { NSLog(@"Parameters: %f, %i\n", f, i); } @end Then in the class the following loop is executed: for (float f=0.0f; f < 100.0f ; f += 0.3f) { [self.test aSampleMethodWithOneFloatParameter: f]; // warning: no method found. } Here is the output that I'm getting. As you can see the method was called but the parameters were wrong. Parameters: 0.000000, 0 Parameters: -0.000000, 1069128089 Parameters: -0.000000, 1070176665 Parameters: 2.000000, 1070805811 Parameters: -0.000000, 1071225241 Parameters: 0.000000, 1071644672 Parameters: 2.000000, 1071854387 Parameters: 36893488147419103232.000000, 1072064102 Parameters: -0.000000, 1072273817 Parameters: -36893488147419103232.000000, 1072483532

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• DotNetOpenAuth / WebSecurity Basic Info Exchange

  - by Jammer

  I've gotten a good number of OAuth logins working on my site now. My implementation is based on the WebSecurity classes with amends to the code to suit my needs (I pulled the WebSecurity source into mine). However I'm now facing a new set of problems. In my application I have opted to make the user email address the login identifier of choice. It's naturally unique and suits this use case. However, the OAuth "standards" strikes again. Some providers will return your email address as "username" (Google) some will return the display name (Facebook). As it stands I see to options given my particular scenario: Option 1 Pull even more framework source code into my solution until I can chase down where the OpenIdRelyingParty class is actually interacted with (via the DotNetOpenAuth.AspNet facade) and make addition information requests from the OpenID Providers. Option 2 When a user first logs in using an OpenID provider I can display a kind of "complete registration" form that requests missing info based on the provider selected.* Option 2 is the most immediate and probably the quickest to implement but also includes some code smells through having to do something different based on the provider selected. Option 1 will take longer but will ultimately make things more future proof. I will need to perform richer interactions down the line so this also has an edge in that regard. The more I get into the code it does seem that the WebSecurity class itself is actually very limiting as it hides lots of useful DotNetOpenAuth functionality in the name of making integration easier. Andrew (the author of DNOA) has said that the Attribute Exchange stuff happens in the OpenIdRelyingParty class but I cannot see from the DotNetOpenAuth.AspNet source code where this class is used so I'm unsure of what source would need to be pulled into my code in order to enable the functionality I need. Has anyone completely something similar?

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• Object Oriented Perl interface to read from and write to a socket

  - by user654967

  I need a perl client-server implementation as a wrapper for a server in C#. A perl script passes the server address and port number and an input string to a module, this module has to create the socket and send the input string to the server. The data sent has to follow ISO-8859-1 encoding. On receiving the information, the client has to first receive 3 byte, then the next 8 bytes, this has the length of the data that has to be received next.. so based on the length the client has to read the next data. each of the data that is read has to be stored in a variable and sent another module for further processing. Currently this is what my perl client looks like..which I'm sure isn't right..could someone tell me how to do this..and set me on the right direction.. sub WriteInfo { my ($addr, $port, $Input) = @_; $socket = IO::Socket::INET->new( Proto => "tcp", PeerAddr => $addr, PeerPort => $port, ); unless ($socket) { die "cannot connect to remote" } while (1) { $socket->send($Input); } } sub ReadData { while (1) { my $ExecutionResult = $socket->recv( $recv_data, 3); my $DataLength = $socket->recv( $recv_data, 8); $DataLength =~ s/^0+// ; my $decval = hex($DataLength); my $Data = $socket->recv( $recv_data, $decval); return($Data); } thanks a lot.. Archer

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• Plotting an Arc in Discrete Steps

  - by phobos51594

  Good afternoon, Background My question relates to the plotting of an arbitrary arc in space using discrete steps. It is unique, however, in that I am not drawing to a canvas in the typical sense. The firmware I am designing is for a gcode interpreter for a CNC mill that will translate commands into stepper motor movements. Now, I have already found a similar question on this very site, but the methodology suggested (Bresenham's Algorithm) appears to be incompatable for moving an object in space, as it only relies on the calculation of one octant of a circle which is then mirrored about the remaining axes of symmetry. Furthermore, the prescribed method of calculation an arc between two arbitrary angles relies on trigonometry (I am implementing on a microcontroller and would like to avoid costly trig functions, if possible) and simply not taking the steps that are out of the range. Finally, the algorithm only is designed to work in one rotational direction (e.g. counterclockwise). Question So, on to the actual question: Does anyone know of a general-purpose algorithm that can be used to "draw" an arbitrary arc in discrete steps while still giving respect to angular direction (CW / CCW)? The final implementation will be done in C, but the language for the purpose of the question is irrelevant. Thank you in advance. References S.O post on drawing a simple circle using Bresenham's Algorithm: "Drawing" an arc in discrete x-y steps Wiki page describing Bresenham's Algorithm for a circle http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midpoint_circle_algorithm Gcode instructions to be implemented (see. G2 and G3) http://linuxcnc.org/docs/html/gcode.html

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• Achieving Thread-Safety

  - by Smasher

  Question How can I make sure my application is thread-safe? Are their any common practices, testing methods, things to avoid, things to look for? Background I'm currently developing a server application that performs a number of background tasks in different threads and communicates with clients using Indy (using another bunch of automatically generated threads for the communication). Since the application should be highly availabe, a program crash is a very bad thing and I want to make sure that the application is thread-safe. No matter what, from time to time I discover a piece of code that throws an exception that never occured before and in most cases I realize that it is some kind of synchronization bug, where I forgot to synchronize my objects properly. Hence my question concerning best practices, testing of thread-safety and things like that. mghie: Thanks for the answer! I should perhaps be a little bit more precise. Just to be clear, I know about the principles of multithreading, I use synchronization (monitors) throughout my program and I know how to differentiate threading problems from other implementation problems. But nevertheless, I keep forgetting to add proper synchronization from time to time. Just to give an example, I used the RTL sort function in my code. Looked something like FKeyList.Sort (CompareKeysFunc); Turns out, that I had to synchronize FKeyList while sorting. It just don't came to my mind when initially writing that simple line of code. It's these thins I wanna talk about. What are the places where one easily forgets to add synchronization code? How do YOU make sure that you added sync code in all important places?

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• Solr/Lucene Scorer

  - by TFor

  We are currently working on a proof-of-concept for a client using Solr and have been able to configure all the features they want except the scoring. Problem is that they want scores that make results fall in buckets: Bucket 1: exact match on category (score = 4) Bucket 2: exact match on name (score = 3) Bucket 3: partial match on category (score = 2) Bucket 4: partial match on name (score = 1) First thing we did was develop a custom similarity class that would return the correct score depending on the field and an exact or partial match. The only problem now is that when a document matches on both the category and name the scores are added together. Example: searching for "restaurant" returns documents in the category restaurant that also have the word restaurant in their name and thus get a score of 5 (4+1) but they should only get 4. I assume for this to work we would need to develop a custom Scorer class but we have no clue on how to incorporate this in Solr. Another option is to create a custom SortField implementation similar to the RandomSortField already present in Solr. Maybe there is even a simpler solution that we don't know about. All suggestions welcome!

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• OOP, Interface Design and Encapsulation

  - by Mau

  C# project, but it could be applied to any OO languages. 3 interfaces interacting: public interface IPublicData {} public /* internal */ interface IInternalDataProducer { string GetData(); } public interface IPublicWorker { IPublicData DoWork(); IInternalDataProducer GetInternalProducer(); } public class Engine { Engine(IPublicWorker worker) {} IPublicData Run() { DoSomethingWith(worker.GetInternalProducer().GetData()); return worker.DoWork(); } } Clearly Engine is parametric in the actual worker that does the job. A further source of parametrization is how we produce the 'internal data' via IInternalDataProducer. This implementation requires IInternalDataProducer to be public because it's part of the declaration of the public interface IPublicWorker. However, I'd like it to be internal since it's only used by the engine. A solution is make the IPublicWorker produce the internal data itself, but that's not very elegant since there's only a couple of ways of producing it (while there are many more worker implementations), therefore it's nice to delegate to a couple of separate concrete classes. Moreover, the IInternalDataProducer is used in more places inside the engine, so it's good for the engine to pass around the actual object. I'm looking for elegant ideas/patterns. Cheers :-)

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• Create new or update existing entity at one go with JPA

  - by Alex R

  A have a JPA entity that has timestamp field and is distinguished by a complex identifier field. What I need is to update timestamp in an entity that has already been stored, otherwise create and store new entity with the current timestamp. As it turns out the task is not as simple as it seems from the first sight. The problem is that in concurrent environment I get nasty "Unique index or primary key violation" exception. Here's my code: // Load existing entity, if any. Entity e = entityManager.find(Entity.class, id); if (e == null) { // Could not find entity with the specified id in the database, so create new one. e = entityManager.merge(new Entity(id)); } // Set current time... e.setTimestamp(new Date()); // ...and finally save entity. entityManager.flush(); Please note that in this example entity identifier is not generated on insert, it is known in advance. When two or more of threads run this block of code in parallel, they may simultaneously get null from entityManager.find(Entity.class, id) method call, so they will attempt to save two or more entities at the same time, with the same identifier resulting in error. I think that there are few solutions to the problem. Sure I could synchronize this code block with a global lock to prevent concurrent access to the database, but would it be the most efficient way? Some databases support very handy MERGE statement that updates existing or creates new row if none exists. But I doubt that OpenJPA (JPA implementation of my choice) supports it. Event if JPA does not support SQL MERGE, I can always fall back to plain old JDBC and do whatever I want with the database. But I don't want to leave comfortable API and mess with hairy JDBC+SQL combination. There is a magic trick to fix it using standard JPA API only, but I don't know it yet. Please help.

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• List of Big-O for PHP functions?

  - by Kendall Hopkins

  After using PHP for a while now, I've noticed that not all PHP built in functions as fast as expected. Consider the below two possible implementations of a function that finds if a number is prime using a cached array of primes. //very slow for large $prime_array $prime_array = array( 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, .... 104729, ... ); $result_array = array(); foreach( $array_of_number => $number ) { $result_array[$number] = in_array( $number, $large_prime_array ); } //still decent performance for large $prime_array $prime_array => array( 2 => NULL, 3 => NULL, 5 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 11 => NULL, 13 => NULL, .... 104729 => NULL, ... ); foreach( $array_of_number => $number ) { $result_array[$number] = array_key_exists( $number, $large_prime_array ); } This is because in_array is implemented with a linear search O(n) which will linearly slow down as $prime_array grows. Where the array_key_exists function is implemented with a hash lookup O(1) which will not slow down unless the hash table gets extremely populated (in which case it's only O(logn)). So far I've had to discover the big-O's via trial and error, and occasionally looking at the source code. Now for the question... I was wondering if there was a list of the theoretical (or practical) big O times for all* the PHP built in functions. *or at least the interesting ones For example find it very hard to predict what the big O of functions listed because the possible implementation depends on unknown core data structures of PHP: array_merge, array_merge_recursive, array_reverse, array_intersect, array_combine, str_replace (with array inputs), etc.

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• RhinoMocks: how to test if method was called when using PartialMock

  - by epitka

  I have a clas that is something like this public class MyClass { public virtual string MethodA(Command cmd) { //some code here} public void MethodB(SomeType obj) { // do some work MethodA(command); } } I mocked MyClass as PartialMock (mocks.PartialMock<MyClass>) and I setup expectation for MethodA var cmd = new Command(); //set the cmd to expected state Expect.Call(MyClass.MethodA(cmd)).Repeat.Once(); Problem is that MethodB calls actual implementation of MethodA instead of mocking it up. I must be doing something wrong (not very experienced with RhinoMocks). How do I force it to mock MetdhodA? Here is the actual code: var cmd = new SetBaseProductCoInsuranceCommand(); cmd.BaseProduct = planBaseProduct; var insuredType = mocks.DynamicMock<InsuredType>(); Expect.Call(insuredType.Code).Return(InsuredTypeCode.AllInsureds); cmd.Values.Add(new SetBaseProductCoInsuranceCommand.CoInsuranceValues() { CoInsurancePercent = 0, InsuredType = insuredType, PolicySupplierType = ppProvider }); Expect.Call(() => service.SetCoInsurancePercentages(cmd)).Repeat.Once(); mocks.ReplayAll(); //act service.DefaultCoInsurancesFor(planBaseProduct); //assert service.AssertWasCalled(x => x.SetCoInsurancePercentages(cmd),x=>x.Repeat.Once());

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• Dealing with multiple generics in a method call

  - by thaBadDawg

  I've been dealing a lot lately with abstract classes that use generics. This is all good and fine because I get a lot of utility out of these classes but now it's making for some rather ugly code down the line. For example: abstract class ClassBase<T> { T Property { get; set; } } class MyClass : ClassBase<string> { OtherClass PropertyDetail { get; set; } } This implementation isn't all that crazy, except when I want to reference the abstract class from a helper class and then I have to make a list of generics just to make reference to the implemented class, like this below. class Helper { void HelpMe<C, T>(object Value) where C : ClassBase<T>, new() { DoWork(); } } This is just a tame example, because I have some method calls where the list of where clauses end up being 5 or 6 lines long to handle all of the generic data. What I'd really like to do is class Helper { void HelpMe<C>(object Value) where C : ClassBase, new() { DoWork(); } } but it obviously won't compile. I want to reference ClassBase without having to pass it a whole array of generic classes to get the function to work, but I don't want to reference the higher level classes because there are a dozen of those. Am I the victim of my own cleverness or is there an avenue that I haven't considered yet?

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• Bulletin board - Database optimisation

  - by andrew

  This question is a follow on from this Question The project and problem The project I am currently working on is a bulletin board for a large non-profit organisation. The bulletin board will be used to allow inter-office communication within the organisation. I am building the application and have been having trouble extracting the results that I need from my database because I don't think it is properly normalized and because of limitations in my knowledge of relational database theory and mysql. I would appreciate input into the design of the board in general and in particular, ways that the database structure can be improved to facilitate efficient queries and help me develop this application and future application faster Business Logic The bulletin board will be used in the following way Posting bulletins and responses to bulletins Employees or 'users' in offices around the country will be able to post messages to the bulletin board.Bulletins must be posted to a location and categorised- i'll call these "bulletins". Users will be able to post any number of replies to any one bulletin and users will be able to reply to their own bulletin - i'll call these 'replies'. Rating bulletins and replies Users will be able to either 'like' or 'dislike' a bulletin or a reply and the total number of likes or dislikes will be shown for each bulletin or reply. Viewing the bulletin board and responses Bulletins can be displayed chronologically. Users can sort bulletins chronologically or chronologically by the latest reply to that bulletin(let me know if you need more explanation) When a particular bulletin is selected, replies to that bulletin will be displayed chronologically @PerformanceDBA - edited 10:34 est 28/12/10I have begun implementing the data model. I assume that the 6th data model is the physical model because it contains the associative tables. I am going to post any questions that I have below. I will put up a database dump once I am done. I will then put up a list of all the queries that I need to run on the database and begin writing them. I hope you had a good Christmas. I'm in Canada and there's snow! Implementation of Physical model

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• How do I remove implementing types from GWT’s Serialization Policy?

  - by Bluu

  The opposite of this question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/138099/how-do-i-add-a-type-to-gwts-serialization-policy-whitelist GWT is adding undesired types to the serialization policy and bloating my JS. How do I trim my GWT whitelist by hand? Or should I at all? For example, if I put the interface List on a GWT RPC service class, GWT has to generate Javascript that handles ArrayList, LinkedList, Stack, Vector, ... even though my team knows we're only ever going to return an ArrayList. I could just make the method's return type ArrayList, but I like relying on an interface rather than a specific implementation. After all, maybe one day we will switch it up and return e.g. a LinkedList. In that case, I'd like to force the GWT serialization policy to compile for only ArrayList and LinkedList. No Stacks or Vectors. These implicit restrictions have one huge downside I can think of: a new member of the team starts returning Vectors, which will be a runtime error. So besides the question in the title, what is your experience designing around this?

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• How can I simply change a class variable from another class in ObjectiveC?

  - by Daniel

  I simply want to change a variable of an object from another class. I can compile without a problem, but my variable always is set to 'null'. I used the following code: Object.h: @interface Object : NSObject { //... NSString *color; //... } @property(nonatomic, retain) NSString* color; + (id)Object; - (void)setColor:(NSString*)col; - (NSString*)getColor; @end Object.m: +(id)Object{ return [[[Object alloc] init] autorelease]; } - (void)setColor:(NSString*)col { self.color = col; } - (NSString*)getColor { return self.color; } MyViewController.h #import "Object.h" @interface ClassesTestViewController : UIViewController { Object *myObject; UILabel *label1; } @property UILabel *label1; @property (assign) Object *myObject; @end MyViewController.m: #import "Object.h" @implementation MyViewController @synthesize myObject; - (void)viewDidLoad { [myObject setColor:@"red"]; NSLog(@"Color = %@", [myObject getColor]); [super viewDidLoad]; } The NSLog message is always Color = (null) I tried many different ways to solve this problem, but no success. Any help would be appreciated.

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• Recursive QuickSort suffering a StackOverflowException -- Need fresh eyes

  - by jon

  I am working on a Recursive QuickSort method implementation in a GenericList Class. I will have a second method that accepts a compareDelegate to compare different types, but for development purposes I'm sorting a GenericList<int I am recieving stackoverflow areas in different places depending on the list size. I've been staring at and tracing through this code for hours and probably just need a fresh pair of (more experienced)eyes. Definitely wanting to learn why it is broken, not just how to fix it. public void QuickSort() { int i, j, lowPos, highPos, pivot; GenericList<T> leftList = new GenericList<T>(); GenericList<T> rightList = new GenericList<T>(); GenericList<T> tempList = new GenericList<T>(); lowPos = 1; highPos = this.Count; if (lowPos < highPos) { pivot = (lowPos + highPos) / 2; for (i = 1; i <= highPos; i++) { if (this[i].CompareTo(this[pivot]) <= 0) leftList.Add(this[i]); else rightList.Add(this[i]); } leftList.QuickSort(); rightList.QuickSort(); for(i=1;i<=leftList.Count;i++) tempList.Add(leftList[i]); for(i=1;i<=rightList.Count;i++) tempList.Add(rightList[i]); this.items = tempList.items; this.count = tempList.count; } }

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• Communicating with all network computers regardless of IP address

  - by Stephen Jennings

  I'm interested in finding a way to enumerate all accessible devices on the local network, regardless of their IP address. For example, in a 192.168.1.X network, if there is a computer with a 10.0.0.X IP address plugged into the network, I want to be able to detect that rogue computer and preferrably communicate with it as well. Both computers will be running this custom software. I realize that's a vague description, and a full solution to the problem would be lengthy, so I'm really looking for help finding the right direction to go in ("Look into using class XYZ and ABC in this manner") rather than a full implementation. The reason I want this is that our company ships imaged computers to thousands of customers, each of which have different network settings (most use the same IP scheme, but a large percentage do not, and most do not have DHCP enabled on their networks). Once the hardware arrives, we have a hard time getting it up on the network, especially if the IP scheme doesn't match, since there is no one technically oriented on-site. Ideally, I want to design some kind of console to be used from their main workstation which looks out on the network, finds all computers running our software, displays their current IP address, and allows you to change the IP. I know it's possible to do this because we sell a couple pieces of custom hardware which have exactly this capability (plug the hardware in anywhere and view it from another computer regardless of IP), but I'm hoping it's possible to do in .NET 2.0, but I'm open to using .NET 3.5 or P/Invoke if I have to.

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• C++ operator lookup rules / Koenig lookup

  - by John Bartholomew

  While writing a test suite, I needed to provide an implementation of operator<<(std::ostream&... for Boost unit test to use. This worked: namespace theseus { namespace core { std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& ss, const PixelRGB& p) { return (ss << "PixelRGB(" << (int)p.r << "," << (int)p.g << "," << (int)p.b << ")"); } }} This didn't: std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& ss, const theseus::core::PixelRGB& p) { return (ss << "PixelRGB(" << (int)p.r << "," << (int)p.g << "," << (int)p.b << ")"); } Apparently, the second wasn't included in the candidate matches when g++ tried to resolve the use of the operator. Why (what rule causes this)? The code calling operator<< is deep within the Boost unit test framework, but here's the test code: BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE(core_image) BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_output) { using namespace theseus::core; BOOST_TEST_MESSAGE(PixelRGB(5,5,5)); // only compiles with operator<< definition inside theseus::core std::cout << PixelRGB(5,5,5) << "\n"; // works with either definition BOOST_CHECK(true); // prevent no-assertion error } BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END() For reference, I'm using g++ 4.4 (though for the moment I'm assuming this behaviour is standards-conformant).

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• How to enforce users to create objects of class derived from mine with "new" only?

  - by sharptooth

  To implement reference counting we use an IUnknown-like interface and a smart pointer template class. The interface has implementation for all the reference-count methods, including Release(): void IUnknownLike::Release() { if( --refCount == 0 ) { delete this; } } The smart pointer template class has a copy constructor and an assignment operator both accepting raw pointers. So users can do the following: class Class : public IUnknownLike { }; void someFunction( CSmartPointer<Class> object ); //whatever function Class object; someFunction( &object ); and the program runs into undefined behavior - the object is created with reference count zero, the smart pointer is constructed and bumps it to one, then the function returns, smart pointer is destroyed, calls Release() which leads to delete of a stack-allocated variable. Users can as well do the following: struct COuter { //whatever else; Class inner;// IUnknownLike descendant }; COuter object; somefunction( &object.Inner ); and again an object not created with new is deleted. Undefined behavior at its best. Is there any way to change the IUnknownLike interface so that the user is forced to use new for creating all objects derived from IUnknownLike - both directly derived and indirectly derived (with classes in between the most derived and the base)?

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• PHP package manager

  - by Mathias

  Hey, does anyone know a package manager library for PHP (as e.g. apt or yum for linux distros) apart from PEAR? I'm working on a system which should include a package management system for module management. I managed to get a working solution using PEAR, but using the PEAR client for anything else than managing a PEAR installation is not really the optimal solution as it's not designed for that. I would have to modify/extend it (e.g. to implement actions on installation/upgrade or to move PEAR specific files like lockfiles away from the system root) and especially the CLI client code is quite messy and PHP4. So maybe someone has some suggestions for an alternative PEAR client library which is easy to use and extend (the server side has some nice implementations like Pirum and pearhub) for completely different package management systems written in PHP (ideally including dependency tracking and different channels) for some general ideas how to implement such a PM system (yes, I'm still tinkering with the idea of implementing such a system from scratch) I know that big systems like Magento and symfony use PEAR for their PM. Magento uses a hacked version of the original PEAR client (which I'd like to avoid), symfony's implementation seems quite integrated with the framework, but would be a good starting point to at least write the client from scratch. Anyway, if anybody has suggestions: please :)

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• How to easily map c++ enums to strings

  - by Roddy

  I have a bunch of enum types in some library header files that I'm using, and I want to have a way of converting enum values to user strings - and vice-versa. RTTI won't do it for me, because the 'user strings' need to be a bit more readable than the enumerations. A brute force solution would be a bunch of functions like this, but I feel that's a bit too C-like. enum MyEnum {VAL1, VAL2,VAL3}; String getStringFromEnum(MyEnum e) { switch e { case VAL1: return "Value 1"; case VAL2: return "Value 2"; case VAL1: return "Value 3"; default: throw Exception("Bad MyEnum"); } } I have a gut feeling that there's an elegant solution using templates, but I can't quite get my head round it yet. UPDATE: Thanks for suggestions - I should have made clear that the enums are defined in a third-party library header, so I don't want to have to change the definition of them. My gut feeling now is to avoid templates and do something like this: char * MyGetValue(int v, char *tmp); // implementation is trivial #define ENUM_MAP(type, strings) char * getStringValue(const type &T) \ { \ return MyGetValue((int)T, strings); \ } ; enum eee {AA,BB,CC}; - exists in library header file ; enum fff {DD,GG,HH}; ENUM_MAP(eee,"AA|BB|CC") ENUM_MAP(fff,"DD|GG|HH") // To use... eee e; fff f; std::cout<< getStringValue(e); std::cout<< getStringValue(f);

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• Why does this program take up so much memory?

  - by Adrian

  I am learning Objective-C. I am trying to release all of the memory that I use. So, I wrote a program to test if I am doing it right: #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #define DEFAULT_NAME @"Unknown" @interface Person : NSObject { NSString *name; } @property (copy) NSString * name; @end @implementation Person @synthesize name; - (void) dealloc { [name release]; [super dealloc]; } - (id) init { if (self = [super init]) { name = DEFAULT_NAME; } return self; } @end int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) { NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; Person *person = [[Person alloc] init]; NSString *str; int i; for (i = 0; i < 1e9; i++) { str = [NSString stringWithCString: "Name" encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding]; person.name = str; [str release]; } [person release]; [pool drain]; return 0; } I am using a mac with snow leopard. To test how much memory this is using, I open Activity Monitor at the same time that it is running. After a couple of seconds, it is using gigabytes of memory. What can I do to make it not use so much?

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• Hashtable is that fast

  - by Costa

  Hi s[0]*31^(n-1) + s[1]*31^(n-2) + ... + s[n-1]. Is the hash function of the java string, I assume the rest of languages is similar or close to this implementation. If we have hash-Table and a list of 50 elements. each element is 7 chars ABCDEF1, ABCDEF2, ABCDEF3..... ABCDEFn If each bucket of hashtable contains 5 strings (I think this function will make it one string per bucket, but let us assume it is 5). If we call col.Contains("ABCDEFn"); // will do 6 comparisons and discover the difference on the 7th. The hash-table will take around 70 operations (multiplication and additions) to get the hashcode and to compare with 5 strings in bucket. and BANG it found. For list it will take around 300 comparisons to find it. for the case that there is only 10 elements, the list will take around 70 operations but the Hashtable will take around 50 operations. and note that hashtable operations are more time consuming (it is multiplications). I conclude that HybirdDictionary in .Net probably is the best choice for that most cases that require Hashtable with unknown size, because it will let me use a list till the list becomes more than 10 elements. still need something like HashSet rather than a Dictionary of keys and values, I wonder why there is no HybirdSet!! So what do u think? Thanks

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• Encapsulating user input of data for a class (C++)

  - by Dr. Monkey

  For an assignment I've made a simple C++ program that uses a superclass (Student) and two subclasses (CourseStudent and ResearchStudent) to store a list of students and print out their details, with different details shown for the two different types of students (using overriding of the display() method from Student). My question is about how the program collects input from the user of things like the student name, ID number, unit and fee information (for a course student) and research information (for research students): My implementation has the prompting for user input and the collecting of that input handled within the classes themselves. The reasoning behind this was that each class knows what kind of input it needs, so it makes sense to me to have it know how to ask for it (given an ostream through which to ask and an istream to collect the input from). My lecturer says that the prompting and input should all be handled in the main program, which seems to me somewhat messier, and would make it trickier to extend the program to handle different types of students. I am considering, as a compromise, to make a helper class that handles the prompting and collection of user input for each type of Student, which could then be called on by the main program. The advantage of this would be that the student classes don't have as much in them (so they're cleaner), but also they can be bundled with the helper classes if the input functionality is required. This also means more classes of Student could be added without having to make major changes to the main program, as long as helper classes are provided for these new classes. Also the helper class could be swapped for an alternative language version without having to make any changes to the class itself. What are the major advantages and disadvantages of the three different options for user input (fully encapsulated, helper class or in the main program)?

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• Is it safe to silently catch ClassCastException when searching for a specific value?

  - by finnw

  Suppose I am implementing a sorted collection (simple example - a Set based on a sorted array.) Consider this (incomplete) implementation: import java.util.*; public class SortedArraySet<E> extends AbstractSet<E> { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public SortedArraySet(Collection<E> source, Comparator<E> comparator) { this.comparator = (Comparator<Object>) comparator; this.array = source.toArray(); Collections.sort(Arrays.asList(array), this.comparator); } @Override public boolean contains(Object key) { return Collections.binarySearch(Arrays.asList(array), key, comparator) >= 0; } private final Object[] array; private final Comparator<Object> comparator; } Now let's create a set of integers Set<Integer> s = new SortedArraySet<Integer>(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3), null); And test whether it contains some specific values: System.out.println(s.contains(2)); System.out.println(s.contains(42)); System.out.println(s.contains("42")); The third line above will throw a ClassCastException. Not what I want. I would prefer it to return false (as HashSet does.) I can get this behaviour by catching the exception and returning false: @Override public boolean contains(Object key) { try { return Collections.binarySearch(Arrays.asList(array), key, comparator) >= 0; } catch (ClassCastException e) { return false; } } Assuming the source collection is correctly typed, what could go wrong if I do this?

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• Help me write my LISP :) LISP environments, Ruby Hashes...

  - by MikeC8

  I'm implementing a rudimentary version of LISP in Ruby just in order to familiarize myself with some concepts. I'm basing my implementation off of Peter Norvig's Lispy (http://norvig.com/lispy.html). There's something I'm missing here though, and I'd appreciate some help... He subclasses Python's dict as follows: class Env(dict): "An environment: a dict of {'var':val} pairs, with an outer Env." def __init__(self, parms=(), args=(), outer=None): self.update(zip(parms,args)) self.outer = outer def find(self, var): "Find the innermost Env where var appears." return self if var in self else self.outer.find(var) He then goes on to explain why he does this rather than just using a dict. However, for some reason, his explanation keeps passing in through my eyes and out through the back of my head. Why not use a dict, and then inside the eval function, when a new "sub-environment" needs to be created, just take the existing dict and update the key/value pairs that need to be updated, and pass that new dict into the next eval? Won't the Python interpreter keep track of the previous "outer" envs? And won't the nature of the recursion ensure that the values are pulled out from "inner" to "outer"? I'm using Ruby, and I tried to implement things this way. Something's not working though, and it might be because of this, or perhaps not. Here's my eval function, env being a regular Hash: def eval(x, env = $global_env) ........ elsif x[0] == "lambda" then ->(*args) { eval(x[2], env.merge(Hash[*x[1].zip(args).flatten(1)])) } ........ end The line that matters of course is the "lambda" one. If there is a difference, what's importantly different between what I'm doing here and what Norvig did with his Env class? If there's no difference, then perhaps someone can enlighten me as to why Norvig uses the Env class. Thanks :)

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