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  • How to integrate Windows Server 2008 R2's NPS with Cisco switches?

    - by Massimo
    I need to evaluate in a lab environment the use of Windows Server 2008 R2's NPS for 802.1x authentication with Cisco Catalyst 3750 switches; the general idea is to only let clients connect to the company network if they can provide valid domain logon credentials, placing them in a restricted VLAN instead if they can't. NAP would also be a bonus, but it can be evaluated later; the main point now is only 802.1x authentication. Although I have very good knowledge of Windows and Active Directory (on the Microsoft side) and quite good knowledge of Catalyst switches (on the Cisco side), I'm totally new to 802.1x; I'd really like some general guidelines and help here, and some sort of implementation guide would also be very useful.

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  • 802.11ac : le nouveau standard permet d'atteindre des débits de 1,3 Gbps, les premiers équipements certifiés Wi-Fi alliance font leur apparition

    Plus rapide, le nouveau standard sans fil 802.11ac permet d'atteindre des débits de transfert de 1,3 Gbps les premiers équipements certifiés Wi-Fi alliance font leur apparitionAussi connu sous le nom de Wi-Fi 5G, la norme sans fil 802.11ac succède à la norme 802.11n, à laquelle elle ajoute de nombreuses améliorations, notamment au niveau du débit de transfert de données. Son débit théorique maximal est de l'ordre de 1,3 Gbps, soit de quoi transférer un film HD à une tablette dans un espace de temps inférieur à 4 minutes. Ce débit, la norme le doit à trois éléments essentiels, à savoir : l'utilisation de la méthode de modulation QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), une large panel de canaux de communicat...

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  • problems in trying ieee 802.15.4 working from msk

    - by asel
    Hi, i took a msk code from dsplog.com and tried to modify it to test the ieee 802.15.4. There are several links on that site for ieee 802.15.4. Currently I am getting simulated ber results all approximately same for all the cases of Eb_No values. Can you help me to find why? thanks in advance! clear PN = [ 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0; 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0; 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0; 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1; 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1; 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0; 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1; 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1; 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1; 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1; 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1; 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0; 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0; 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1; 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0; 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0; ]; N = 5*10^5; % number of bits or symbols fsHz = 1; % sampling period T = 4; % symbol duration Eb_N0_dB = [0:10]; % multiple Eb/N0 values ct = cos(pi*[-T:N*T-1]/(2*T)); st = sin(pi*[-T:N*T-1]/(2*T)); for ii = 1:length(Eb_N0_dB) tx = []; % MSK Transmitter ipBit = round(rand(1,N/32)*15); for k=1:length(ipBit) sym = ipBit(k); tx = [tx PN((sym+1),1:end)]; end ipMod = 2*tx - 1; % BPSK modulation 0 -> -1, 1 -> 1 ai = kron(ipMod(1:2:end),ones(1,2*T)); % even bits aq = kron(ipMod(2:2:end),ones(1,2*T)); % odd bits ai = [ai zeros(1,T) ]; % padding with zero to make the matrix dimension match aq = [zeros(1,T) aq ]; % adding delay of T for Q-arm % MSK transmit waveform xt = 1/sqrt(T)*[ai.*ct + j*aq.*st]; % Additive White Gaussian Noise nt = 1/sqrt(2)*[randn(1,N*T+T) + j*randn(1,N*T+T)]; % white gaussian noise, 0dB variance % Noise addition yt = xt + 10^(-Eb_N0_dB(ii)/20)*nt; % additive white gaussian noise % MSK receiver % multiplying with cosine and sine waveforms xE = conv(real(yt).*ct,ones(1,2*T)); xO = conv(imag(yt).*st,ones(1,2*T)); bHat = zeros(1,N); bHat(1:2:end) = xE(2*T+1:2*T:end-2*T); % even bits bHat(2:2:end) = xO(3*T+1:2*T:end-T); % odd bits result=zeros(16,1); chiplen=32; seqstart=1; recovered = []; while(seqstart<length(bHat)) A = bHat(seqstart:seqstart+(chiplen-1)); for j=1:16 B = PN(j,1:end); result(j)=sum(A.*B); end [value,index] = max(result); recovered = [recovered (index-1)]; seqstart = seqstart+chiplen; end; %# create binary string - the 4 forces at least 4 bits bstr1 = dec2bin(ipBit,4); bstr2 = dec2bin(recovered,4); %# convert back to numbers (reshape so that zeros are preserved) out1 = str2num(reshape(bstr1',[],1))'; out2 = str2num(reshape(bstr2',[],1))'; % counting the errors nErr(ii) = size(find([out1 - out2]),2); end nErr/(length(ipBit)*4) % simulated ber theoryBer = 0.5*erfc(sqrt(10.^(Eb_N0_dB/10))) % theoretical ber

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  • Should I use 802.11n with a 15 Mbps ISP (Comcast Cable)?

    - by stackoverflowuser2010
    I currently own a LinkSys-WRT54GL 802.11a/b/g wireless router, and my ISP is Comcast Cable providing me with 15 Mbps (that's bits per second, I believe) download speed. I am wondering if there is any benefit with using an 802.11n wireless router to access the Internet? The maximum theoretical speed of the WRT54GL router is 54 Mbps (802.11g), which is faster than the 15 Mbps provided by my ISP. I know that 802.11n has a max bandwidth of 300 Mbps, and it would help for intra-house transfers, such as streaming video from one computer to another. But is there any benefit to 802.11n for Internet activity, such as web browswing, gaming, and streaming video from Netflix?

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  • How do I get a Wireless N PCi card to connect to a wireless G router?

    - by Andy
    I'm having some problems setting up a new wireless PCI card on a WinXP SP3 PC. I know that the router is configured correctly. It is a Linksys WRT54GL, using 802.11b/g. Security mode is WPA2 Personal with TKIP+AES encryption. I am able to connect to this fine using my laptop (first gen MacBook with a 802.11b built in card). The new PCI card is also Linksys, but it supports 802.11n. Card seems to be installed ok (Windows sees it fine, doesn't list any errors in Device Manager), however when it scans for available wireless networks it can't find my wireless network (the router is set to broadcast the SSID). I tried to enter the network SSID manually, but that didn't seem to help. I chose WPA2-PSK for network authentication. The only options for encryption are TKIP or AES - I've tried both, neither worked. I am sure that I typed in my wireless key correctly. At this point, I don't think the problem is with encryption, but something else. It almost seems like I need to switch the wireless card into g mode, but I haven't found a way to do that (if that is even possible/necessary - I thought n was fully backwards compatible with g). Also, the PC is in the same room as the router, and my laptop, so I don't think that it is an interference issue. Any ideas what I'm doing wrong? I'm running out of things to try at this point. :(

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  • how to use winpcap to send EAPOL packets on windows 7 with wireless card?

    - by caimengru0807
    I want to implement a 802.1X wireless client on Windows 7 using PEAP/MSCHAPv2. The 802.1X protocol is a data link layer protocol, it uses the EAPOL protocol to encapsulate the packets. I use the WinPcap to send and receive the EAPOL packets, however I fail to do it with the wireless NIC. It can work fine to send the EAPOL packets use wired NIC. It can also work fine to send the EAPOL packets on Windows XP using wireless NIC. So what's wrong with it on Windows 7?

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  • Lenovo Wi-Fi Replacement

    - by user22910
    I recently got my T500 with a very poor signal Wi-Fi, Thinkpad BGN, a Realtek chipset. I would like to replace my Wi-Fi card with either the Intel WiFi Link 5100 or 5300. However, I read somewhere that Lenovo specfically "whitelist" their Wi-Fi cards to only work with their laptops. I could not find any of the Intel Wi-Fi, moreover any Wi-Fi cards on the Lenovo site. So, I went to hunt around in Amazon and found several sellers. Plus what sort of card do I require? There is a difference between mini cards and the full sized card, though I do not know which one my laptop supports. Here are the specifications for my laptop: http://privatepaste.com/8b0537bce0 I would like to have confirmation which one of these specific cards as posted below will work on my laptop (or the one you recommend to have): Intel Wifi Link 5300 Intel WiFi Link 5100 - Network adapter - PCI Express Mini Card - 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g, 802.11n (draft 2.0) Intel WiFi Link 5100 - Network adapter - PCI Express Half Mini Card - 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g, 802.11n (draft) Intel WiFi Link 5300 - Network adapter - PCI Express Mini Card - 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g, 802.11n (draft)

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  • Intel Wireless 4965AGN not achieving N throughput when connected to an Airport Express N network

    - by BenA
    I have an Intel Wireless WiFi Link 4965AGN adaptor in my laptop (HP Pavillion dv2000 series) which is connecting to a 5Ghz-only 802.11n network provided by an Apple Airport Express. The network is using WPA2 encryption. My desktop is also connected the Airport, via a Linksys WUSB600N USB adaptor. Both are running with the latest drivers, and the Airport is running the latest firmware. The Airport is also configured to use wide channels. The problem I have is that I never get throughput above 4MB/s when transferring files between the two machines. Even a pessimistic calculation shows a 270Mbps network as being capable of transfer rates at well above 10MB/s. I'm pretty sure I've isolated the issue to being the Intel adaptor, as wiring the desktop to the AP, and using the Linksys adaptor on the laptop immediately yielded speeds limited by the 100MB/s ethernet connection. I know that 802.11n is still a draft standard, and so mixing kit from different manufacturers can easily lead to poor results, but I was just wondering if anybody else out there has had success with this Intel adaptor on an N network? Or even better, connecting it to an Airport Express? Can anybody give me any advice on how to troubleshoot this issue? I should also mention that the Airport Express doesn't allow you to manually specify channels when running in N mode, and that I've been able to rule out interference from other Wireless LANs by scanning. There aren't any other 5GHz networks in my area. All ideas welcome! Update: A while later, I've just updated to the most recent drivers for both the Intel chip in the laptop, and the USB adaptor. Unfortunately this hasn't improved things :(. If anybody has any advice it would be be gratefully received.

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  • Good Wireless Range Extender

    - by Joseph Sturtevant
    Can anyone recommend a good wireless (802.11g) range extender? I would like to find something that will provide reliable wireless to areas of the building that aren't covered or get poor reception. I would also like a product that won't require big changes to my current wireless setup (multiple APs with a wireless controller are out). Latency and bandwidth aren't terribly important. Does anyone have experience with a product like this?

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  • How to check wifi networking standard of current connection

    - by yzfr1
    Both my router and my wireless networking card support the standards 802.11a/b/g/n but as I'm only getting speeds around 30-40 Mbit/s I suspect that it's the g standard being used instead of n. Now, I'd like to verify this somehow, so my question is: Is there a way (like a network diagnistics tool or the like) to find out which standard is currently used in the communication between computer and router?

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  • Enterprise Wireless Authentication without Active Directory

    - by ank
    We are in the process of redoing our wireless access network and would like to know if there is any method to get Windows clients/users access to the network using 802.1x WITHOUT having an Active Directory server for authentication and WITHOUT installing additional software on each and every client. Note that we already use Radius servers, LDAP servers (all on CentOS). Users employ a variety of clients including Windows, Mac, Linux, Android, iOS.

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  • Testing radius server from Mac OS X client

    - by Calvin Froedge
    I have a radius server set up on a server running Ubuntu 11.04. I have configured my switch to use the authentication server's IP (192.168.1.2) for RADIUS / 802.1x authentication, and I created a connection to test connecting from my Mac OSX client. Here is my radius configuration for the client: client 192.168.1.0/16 { secret = testing123 } I can successfully authenticate using both 127.0.0.1 (localhost) and 192.168.1.2 (ip of eth1), so I know radius is getting those requests. I set up a connection to test from my macbook, and my requests are timing out. http://screencast.com/t/tMhRLS3H7 Is there a better way to test the radius connection from my macbook? Thanks! UPDATE: I was able to successfully test on Mac OSX client using RadPerf. This is available as a cross-platform command line tool.

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  • What happens when a consumer switch receives a VLAN-tagged Ethernet frame?

    - by netvope
    Suppose you connect a trunk port from a VLAN capable network switch to a (VLAN incapable) consumer-grade network switch via a direct cable. Now the former switch send the later switch a 802.1Q-tagged Ethernet frame. What should the later switch do? Drop the frame? Forward the frame? Undefined behavior? If the behavior is undefined, what is most probable? Edit: Thank you for your answers. To summarize, the behavior of the consumer switch depends on: How it handles frames with 0x8100 in the EtherType field1 How it handles jumbo frames, or frames with payload larger than 1500 bytes Wikipedia has a nice diagram comparing an untagged and a tagged Ethernet frame: There are reports that some consumer-grade switches pass VLAN-tagged frames just fine. 1 or more precisely, where an EtherType field is expected for non-tagged frames

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  • Step by step USB Wi-Fi driver install for mint 15

    - by Andy
    I'm running Linux mint 15 32 bit on a Dell inspiron 2200. I have given up trying to get the Broadcom BCM4318 built in wireless working, so bought a Dynamode Nano 802.11n wireless USB adapter. It came with an install disc. I have no idea how to install it. Could someone please point me in the right direction for full, idiot proof, step by step instructions. I've been using Ubuntu 12.04 but am totally new to mint 15, so best to assume no previous knowledge. Thanks in advance.

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  • Network Role based routing

    - by Steve Butler
    Apologies my networking skills are a tad rusty. I'm looking for a way to setup a system that gives me the ability to setup Role-based access to specific network resources. For example, i have three private subnets for specific groups, users will need access to one one or more subnets. I'd like to have all client machines on the same subnet/vlan, and then use 802.1x to authorize into a router(NAC device/whatever), the router would then see what user had authenticated(huge plus if it could determine AD group), and then allow routing to one or more of the three private subnets based upon their group membership. I've looked at packetFence, and it appears to work by assigning a client to a VLAN, but i'd still need a way to route some users into different back-end networks.

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  • How to get decent WiFi despite a virtual Faraday cage

    - by MT_Head
    One of my clients is the local branch of an international airline. They have a small office in the secured area behind the ticket counters, and timeshare space at the ticket counter. I need to add a ticket printer out front, which I cannot (for contract/liability reasons) attach to the shared computer at the counter; the only workable solution seems to be to put the printer and its attached computer on a cart and connect to the office's network via WiFi. So far, no problem - right? Well, the terminal has been getting a facelift, which - among other things - includes decorative stainless-steel panels along the wall behind the ticket counters. This paneling acts as a seriously effective barrier to WiFi! The office's WiFi router - a brand-new D-Link DIR-815, dual-band 802.11n - is just on the other side of the pictured wall, and twenty feet or so to the right. And yet the only way I can connect AT ALL on this side of the wall is to stick the USB adapter (on the end of an extension cable) right into the crack between panels... and even then I can only see the 5GHz network, and that very weakly. Has anyone else had experience with this sort of misguided interior decoration? Any ideas on how I can improve reception on the other side of the barrier? (Needless to say, physical modifications of the environment - tempting though they might be - are strictly no-go.)

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  • KVM guest VLAN aware problems

    - by baraka
    Hi, We are using Centos 5.5. as KVM host. It has two nics. One for management and the other one for services. As we have services in multiple vlans this nic is configured as a 802.1Q trunk. Any VM must be able to have access to any vlan, so host trunk interface is bridged to its tap interface and vlan is configured inside VM. Everything works fine while there is not heavy traffic. I can not find any log on guest or host, but, after some certain sustained big file transfer (about 6Gb) bridging stop working. Other guest on the same host continue working without problems. tcpdump on bridge interface is Ok, but on guest tap inferface I can see only outgoing traffic. Restarting bridge or rejoining tap interface doesn't provide any clue. Rebooting guest turns on bridge again. Bridge configuration is minimal: just addbr and addif (no stp). Any idea welcome!

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  • What Wireless Router/ADSL Modem to get? N-band a must!!

    - by JJarava
    I'm looking for a Dual-N band Router OR ADSL Gateway and I'd like some recommendations. Situation: I have a 802.11b/g ADSL gateway provided by my telco, but the WIFI signal won't cover all the house (especially the living-room, so my tv-connected Mac Mini has poor to no internet access). So I'm looking to either replace the DSL modem with a N-enabled one, or to add a Router to the mix. I've had a modem+router setup for many years, and I know the advantatges (double NAT, double FW = more security) and issues (more complex to troubleshoot, two possible points of failure), so I'd rather live with a single (ADSL Gateway) device, if possible. Requirements: Dual-N Band (300 Mbs WIFI) 1 GB Ethernet ports ADSL2+ support (if it's a ADSL gateway, which would be desirable) "Best" range and speed possible Nice to have: USB port to share disks/printers on the network Media streaming I've been a long time user of Linksys, so googling around I found the WRT610N (http://www.linksysbycisco.com/US/en/products/WRT610N) for a "Pure Router" perspective, and it's one of those that Linksys styles "N++" (http://www.linksysbycisco.com/US/en/promo/Promotion-Go-Wireless?stepname=Promotion-Step-Go-Wireless-High-Performance) But I haven't been able to find similar "ADSL" gateways. I've found the WAG320N, but there is little to no info in the Linksys site (i.e., i don't know if it's Dual Band, or if it has GB ethernet) Any opinions/recommendations of other products/suggestions are more than welcome.

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  • Is browser based wireless authentication secure?

    - by johnnyb10
    Our wireless network previously used a preshared WPA/WPA2 key for guest access, which allows them access to the Internet. (Our employee access uses 802.1x authentication). We just had a wireless consultant come in to fix various wireless issues we had; one of the things he wound up doing was changing our guest access to HTML-based instead of the preshared key. So now that guest SSID is open (instead of using WPA) and users are presented with a browser-based login screen before they can get on the Internet. My question is: Is this an acceptable method from a security standpoint? I would assume that having an open network is necessarily a bad idea, but the consultant said that the traffic is still using PEAP, so it's secure. I didn't get a chance to question him further on this because we ran late and a bunch of other things came up. Please let me know what you think about the advantages/disadvantages of using HTML-based wireless authentication as opposed to using a preshared WPA key. Thanks...

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  • Does a 300mbps 802.11n wireless connection have any noticeable speed improvement over 54mbps g?

    - by j j
    300mbps sounds wonderful, but not with my horrible Comcast internet connection. I doubt there's an internet connection in America that even hits 54mbps. So I'm guessing that the only reason someone would be inclined to upgrade is for faster data transfer within the local network. With my internet connection where download rates are rarely ever above a few hundred kilobytes a second, would I even see any improvement in switching from 802.11g to 802.11n?

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  • Slow internet connection with a Digicom Wireless 11n 300m (rt2800)

    - by beboka8
    After upgrading to ubuntu 11.10 the speed of my internet connection has considerably reduced. I surf on internet using a wireless usb adapter Digicom Wireless 11n 300m which works with rt2800usb driver. The fact is, on the installation cd there's no tracks of that driver but instead of it there is another one called rt2870 which I tried to load using ndiswraper, but it did not recognize any hardware. I'm not sure the solution of my problem is simply changing the driver, but I have no other ideas. Can anyone help me?

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  • Missing driver ASUS PCE-N53 11n N600 PCI-E Adapter

    - by oyse
    I have problems with getting an Asus PCE-N53 11n N600 PCI-E Adapter card to work on my desktop computer. As far as I can tell no drivers are installed for the card. I know I can manually download the drivers directly from Asus, but I would rather not go that route. If there are anyone that knows about any packages or other things I can do to make this work would be much appreciated. Some systems details: $ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS Release: 12.04 Codename: precise $ sudo lshw -C network *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 06 serial: d4:3d:7e:03:b9:1d size: 100Mbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full firmware=rtl8168e-3_0.0.4 03/27/12 ip=192.168.0.173 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=100Mbit/s resources: irq:43 ioport:d000(size=256) memory:f2104000-f2104fff memory:f2100000-f2103fff *-network UNCLAIMED description: Network controller product: Ralink corp. vendor: Ralink corp. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:04:00.0 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:f7100000-f710ffff $ lsmod Module Size Used by nvidia 12319264 51 vesafb 13844 1 snd_hda_codec_hdmi 32474 1 joydev 17693 0 bnep 18281 2 rfcomm 47604 0 bluetooth 180104 10 bnep,rfcomm snd_hda_codec_realtek 224173 1 snd_seq_midi 13324 0 ppdev 17113 0 snd_rawmidi 30748 1 snd_seq_midi usbhid 47199 0 hid 99559 1 usbhid nouveau 774641 0 parport_pc 32866 1 snd_hda_intel 33773 5 ttm 76949 1 nouveau snd_hda_codec 127706 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel drm_kms_helper 46978 1 nouveau drm 242038 3 nouveau,ttm,drm_kms_helper snd_seq_midi_event 14899 1 snd_seq_midi snd_hwdep 13668 1 snd_hda_codec snd_seq 61896 2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event i2c_algo_bit 13423 1 nouveau mxm_wmi 12979 1 nouveau wmi 19256 1 mxm_wmi mac_hid 13253 0 snd_pcm 97188 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec psmouse 97362 0 video 19596 1 nouveau snd_timer 29990 2 snd_seq,snd_pcm snd_seq_device 14540 3 snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq snd 78855 20 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_rawmidi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_seq,snd_pcm,snd_timer,snd_seq_device serio_raw 13211 0 soundcore 15091 1 snd snd_page_alloc 18529 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm mei 41616 0 lp 17799 0 parport 46562 3 ppdev,parport_pc,lp r8169 62099 0

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  • What speed are Wi-Fi management and control frames sent at?

    - by Bryce Thomas
    There are a bunch of different 802.11 Wi-Fi standards, e.g. 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n etc. that all support different speeds. Wi-Fi frames are generally categorised as one of the following: Data frames - carry the actual application data Control frames - coordinate when its safe to send/reduce collisions Management frames - handle connection discovery/setup/tear down (e.g. AP discovery, association, disassociation) My question is about whether all these frames, and specifically management frames, are transmitted at the fastest supported speed available, or whether certain classes of frames are transmitted at some lowest common denominator speed. I have noticed that when I put an 802.11b/g only device into monitor mode and capture traffic over the air, I still see management frames (e.g. association/disassociation) being transmitted between my phone and AP which are both 802.11n, even though 802.11n has a higher transfer rate. So I am imagining one of two possibilities: My 802.11n phone/AP had to negotiate a slower speed for some reason and that's why I can see their frames on my 802.11b/g monitoring device. Management frames (and perhaps control frames also?) are sent at a lower speed, and it's only data frames that are transmitted faster with newer 802.11 standards. The reason I would like to know which one of these two possibilities (or perhaps a third possibility) is the case is that I want to capture management frames, and need to know whether using an 802.11b/g card is going to lead to me missing some frames sent at higher speeds than the monitoring card can observe. If management frames are indeed sent at a slower rate, then it's all good. If I just happen to be seeing the management frames because my phone/AP have negotiated a slower rate though, then I need to reconsider what card I use for packet capture.

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