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  • Enforce strong type checking in C (type strictness for typedefs)

    - by quinmars
    Is there a way to enforce explicit cast for typedefs of the same type? I've to deal with utf8 and sometimes I get confused with the indices for the character count and the byte count. So it be nice to have some typedefs: typedef unsigned int char_idx_t; typedef unsigned int byte_idx_t; With the addition that you need an explicit cast between them: char_idx_t a = 0; byte_idx_t b; b = a; // compile warning b = (byte_idx_t) a; // ok I know that such a feature doesn't exist in C, but maybe you know a trick or a compiler extension (preferable gcc) that does that. EDIT: I still don't really like the Hungarian notation in general, I couldn't used it for this problem because of project coding conventions, but I used it now in another similar case, where also the types are the same and the meanings are very similar. And I have to admit: it helps. I never would go and declare every integer with a starting "i", but as in Joel's example for overlapping types, it can be life saving.

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  • how to templatize partial template specializations?

    - by Kyle
    I'm not even sure what title to give this question; hopefully the code will demonstrate what I'm trying to do: #include <string> #include <list> using namespace std; template<typename A> class Alpha { public: A m_alpha_a; }; template<typename B> class Bravo { public: B m_bravo_b; }; template<> class Alpha<string> { public: string m_alpha_string; }; template<typename B> template<> class Alpha<Bravo<B> > { public: Bravo<B> m_bravo_class; // Line A }; int main() { Alpha<int> alpha_int; alpha_int.m_alpha_a= 4; Alpha<string> alpha_string; alpha_string.m_alpha_string = "hi"; Alpha<Bravo<int> > alpha_bravo_int; alpha_bravo_int.m_bravo_class.m_bravo_b = 9; }; I want to write a specialization for Alpha<A> when A is of any type Bravo<B>, but the compiler says invalid explicit specialization before ‘’ token enclosing class templates are not explicitly specialized (Referring to // Line A.) What's the correct syntax to do what I want?

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  • How to use void*

    - by Rondogiannis Aristophanes
    I am imlementing a simple merge function and I have got stuck, as the compiler gives me errors that I cannot explain. Here is my merge function: void merge(void *a, int beg, int middle, int end, int (*cmp)(const void*, const void* { std::stack<void*> first; std::stack<void*> second; for(int i = beg; i < middle; i++) { first.push(a+i); } for(int i = middle; i < end; i++) { second.push(a+i); } for(int i = beg; i < end; i++) { if(first.empty()) { void *tmp = second.top(); second.pop(); a+i = tmp; } else if(second.empty()) { void *tmp = first.top(); first.pop(); a+i = tmp; } else if(cmp(first.top(), second.top())) { void *tmp = first.top(); first.pop(); a+i = tmp; } else { void *tmp = second.top(); second.pop(); a+i = tmp; } } } And here is the error: sort.h: In function `void merge(void*, int, int, int, int (*)(const void*, const void*))': sort.h:9: error: pointer of type `void *' used in arithmetic sort.h:12: error: pointer of type `void *' used in arithmetic sort.h:19: error: pointer of type `void *' used in arithmetic sort.h:19: error: non-lvalue in assignment sort.h:23: error: pointer of type `void *' used in arithmetic sort.h:23: error: non-lvalue in assignment sort.h:27: error: pointer of type `void *' used in arithmetic sort.h:27: error: non-lvalue in assignment sort.h:31: error: pointer of type `void *' used in arithmetic sort.h:31: error: non-lvalue in assignment Can anyone help me? TIA.

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  • Making Javascript and HTML5 games

    - by Jeff Meatball Yang
    A long time ago (Netscape 4-era), I wrote Javascript-based games: Pong, Minesweeper, and John Conway's Life among them. I'm getting back into it, and want to get my hands even dirtier. I have a few games in mind: Axis & Allies clone, with rugged maps and complex rules. Tetris clone, possibly with real-time player-vs-player or player-vs-computer mode Breakout clone, with a couple weapons and particle velocities In all of these, I have only a few objectives: Use JavaScript and HTML 5 - it should run on Chrome, Safari, or maybe an iPad. Start small and simple, then build-up features. Learn something new about game design and implementation. So my questions are: How would you implement these games? Do you have any technology recommendations? If you've written these games, what was the hardest part? N.B. I also want to start from first-principles - if you recommend a framework/library, I would appreciate some theory or implementation details behind it. These games are different enough that I should learn something new from each one.

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  • How to avoid multiple, unused has_many associations when using multiple models for the same entity (

    - by mikep
    Hello, I'm looking for a nice, Ruby/Rails-esque solution for something. I'm trying to split up some data using multiple tables, rather than just using one gigantic table. My reasoning is pretty much to try and avoid the performance drop that would come with having a big table. So, rather than have one table called books, I have multiple tables: books1, books2, books3, etc. (I know that I could use a partition, but, for now, I've decided to go the 'multiple tables' route.) Each user has their books placed into a specific table. The actual book table is chosen when the user is created, and all of their books go into the same table. The goal is to try and keep each table pretty much even -- but that's a different issue. One thing I don't particularly want to have is a bunch of unused associations in the User class. Right now, it looks like I'd have to do the following: class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :books1, :books2, :books3, :books4, :books5 end class Books1 < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user end class Books2 < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user end First off, for each specific user, only one of the book tables would be usable/applicable, since all of a user's books are stored in the same table. So, only one of the associations would be in use at any time and any other has_many :bookX association that was loaded would be a waste. I don't really know Ruby/Rails does internally with all of those has_many associations though, so maybe it's not so bad. But right now I'm thinking that it's really wasteful, and that there may just be a better, more efficient way of doing this. Is there's some sort of special Ruby/Rails methodology that could be applied here to avoid having to have all of those has_many associations? Also, does anyone have any advice on how to abstract the fact that there's multiple book tables behind a single books model/class?

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  • Error when compiling a WinForms project that uses SubSonic library

    - by Mike Devenney
    The code generation is working but I get the following errors when I try to build the project: Error 4 Source file '...Project Path...\Structs.cs' could not be opened ('Unspecified error ') PPSGenerator Error 5 Source file '...Project Path...\Context.cs' could not be opened ('Unspecified error ') PPSGenerator Error 6 Source file '...Project Path...\ActiveRecord.cs' could not be opened ('Unspecified error ') PPSGenerator Error 7 Source file '...Project Path...\StoredProcedures.cs' could not be opened ('Unspecified error ') PPSGenerator I'm using VS2010 on a Windows 7 64 bit machine. Project is targeting Framework 3.5... any ideas? Also noticed the following warnings, but not sure that these are as important: Warning 1 The C# 2.0 and C# 3.5 compilers are no longer supported. Templates will always be compiled with the version 4 compiler instead of 'v3.5' as specified. ...ProjectPath...\Structs.tt 1 4 Warning 2 Multiple template directives were found in the template. All but the first one will be ignored. Multiple parameters to the template directive should be specified within one template directive. ...ProjectPath...\Settings.ttinclude 1 4 Warning 3 Compiling transformation: The variable 'parameters' is assigned but its value is never used ...ProjectPath...\SQLServer.ttinclude 92 15 Thanks! Mike D

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  • Why is there no autorelease pool when I do performSelectorInBackground: ?

    - by Thanks
    I am calling a method that goes in a background thread: [self performSelectorInBackground:@selector(loadViewControllerWithIndex:) withObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:viewControllerIndex]]; then, I have this method implementation that gets called by the selector: - (void) loadViewControllerWithIndex:(NSNumber *)indexNumberObj { NSAutoreleasePool *arPool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; NSInteger vcIndex = [indexNumberObj intValue]; Class c; UIViewController *controller = [viewControllers objectAtIndex:vcIndex]; switch (vcIndex) { case 0: c = [MyFirstViewController class]; break; case 1: c = [MySecondViewController class]; break; default: NSLog(@"unknown index for loading view controller: %d", vcIndex); // error break; } if ((NSNull *)controller == [NSNull null]) { controller = [[c alloc] initWithNib]; [viewControllers replaceObjectAtIndex:vcIndex withObject:controller]; [controller release]; } if (controller.view.superview == nil) { UIView *placeholderView = [viewControllerPlaceholderViews objectAtIndex:vcIndex]; [placeholderView addSubview:controller.view]; } [arPool release]; } Althoug I do create an autorelease pool there for that thread, I always get this error: 2009-05-30 12:03:09.910 Demo[1827:3f03] *** _NSAutoreleaseNoPool(): Object 0x523e50 of class NSCFNumber autoreleased with no pool in place - just leaking Stack: (0x95c83f0f 0x95b90442 0x28d3 0x2d42 0x95b96e0d 0x95b969b4 0x93a00155 0x93a00012) If I take away the autorelease pool, I get a whole bunch of messages like these. I also tried to create an autorelease pool around the call of the performSelectorInBackground:, but that doesn't help. I suspect the parameter, but I don't know why the compiler complains about an NSCFNumber. Am I missing something? My Instance variables are all "nonatomic". Can that be a problem? UPDATE: I may also suspect that some variable has been added to an autorelease pool of the main thread (maybe an ivar), and now it trys to release that one inside the wrong autorelease pool? If so, how could I fix that? (damn, this threading stuff is complex ;) )

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  • c incompatible types in assignment, problem with pointers?

    - by Fantastic Fourier
    Hi I'm working with C and I have a question about assigning pointers. struct foo { int _bar; char * _car[MAXINT]; // this is meant to be an array of char * so that it can hold pointers to names of cars } int foofunc (void * arg) { int bar; char * car[MAXINT]; struct foo thing = (struct foo *) arg; bar = arg->_bar; // this works fine car = arg->_car; // this gives compiler errors of incompatible types in assignment } car and _car have same declaration so why am I getting an error about incompatible types? My guess is that it has something to do with them being pointers (because they are pointers to arrays of char *, right?) but I don't see why that is a problem. when i declared char * car; instead of char * car[MAXINT]; it compiles fine. but I don't see how that would be useful to me later when I need to access certain info using index, it would be very annoying to access that info later. in fact, I'm not even sure if I am going about the right way, maybe there is a better way to store a bunch of strings instead of using array of char *?

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  • Setting an Excel Range with an Array using Python and comtypes?

    - by technomalogical
    Using comtypes to drive Python, it seems some magic is happening behind the scenes that is not converting tuples and lists to VARIANT types: # RANGE(“C14:D21”) has values # Setting the Value on the Range with a Variant should work, but # list or tuple is not getting converted properly it seems >>>from comtypes.client import CreateObject >>>xl = CreateObject("Excel.application") >>>xl.Workbooks.Open(r'C:\temp\my_file.xlsx') >>>xl.Visible = True >>>vals=tuple([(x,y) for x,y in zip('abcdefgh',xrange(8))]) # creates: #(('a', 0), ('b', 1), ('c', 2), ('d', 3), ('e', 4), ('f', 5), ('g', 6), ('h', 7)) >>>sheet = xl.Workbooks[1].Sheets["Sheet1"] >>>sheet.Range["C14","D21"].Value() (('foo',1),('foo',2),('foo',3),('foo',4),('foo',6),('foo',6),('foo',7),('foo',8)) >>>sheet.Range["C14","D21"].Value[()] = vals # no error, this blanks out the cells in the Range According to the comtypes docs: When you pass simple sequences (lists or tuples) as VARIANT parameters, the COM server will receive a VARIANT containing a SAFEARRAY of VARIANTs with the typecode VT_ARRAY | VT_VARIANT. This seems to be inline with what MSDN says about passing an array to a Range's Value. I also found this page showing something similar in C#. Can anybody tell me what I'm doing wrong? EDIT I've come up with a simpler example that performs the same way (in that, it does not work): >>>from comtypes.client import CreateObject >>>xl = CreateObject("Excel.application") >>>xl.Workbooks.Add() >>>sheet = xl.Workbooks[1].Sheets["Sheet1"] # at this point, I manually typed into the range A1:B3 >>> sheet.Range("A1","B3").Value() ((u'AAA', 1.0), (u'BBB', 2.0), (u'CCC', 3.0)) >>>sheet.Range("A1","B3").Value[()] = [(x,y) for x,y in zip('xyz',xrange(3))] # Using a generator expression, per @Mike's comment # However, this still blanks out my range :(

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  • How can I create an executable to run on a certain processor architecture (instead of certain OS)?

    - by CrazyJugglerDrummer
    So I take my C++ program in Visual studio, compile, and it'll spit out a nice little EXE file. But EXEs will only run on windows, and I hear a lot about how C/C++ compiles into assembly language, which is runs directly on a processor. The EXE runs with the help of windows, or I could have a program that makes an executable that runs on a mac. But aren't I compiling C++ code into assembly language, which is processor specific? My Insights: I'm guessing I'm probably not. I know there's an Intel C++ compiler, so would it make processor-specific assembly code? EXEs run on windows, so they advantage of tons of things already set up, from graphics packages to the massive .NET framework. A processor-specific executable would be literally starting from scratch, with just the instruction set of the processor. Would this executable be a file-type? We could be running windows and open it, but then would control switch to processor only? I assume this executable would be something like an operating system, in that it would have to be run before anything else was booted up, and have only the processor instruction set to "use".

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  • RegisterStartupScript not working after upgrading to framework 3.5

    - by AaronS
    I'm trying to upgrade an asp.net c# web project from framework 2.0 to 3.5. When I do this, the client side script that gets written using RegisterStartupScript isn't rendered on the client page. This works perfectly when I compile for 2.0, and for 3.0, but not when I compile for 3.5. Here is the code that isn't getting rendered: Page myPage = (Page)HttpContext.Current.Handler; ScriptManager.RegisterStartupScript(myPage, myPage.GetType(), "alertscript", "alert('test');", true); This is called from a class project, and not the web project itself, which is why I'm using the HttpContext.Current.Handler. There are no errors getting generated from the compiler, the CLR, and there are no client side JavaScript errors. If I do a search for the "alertscript" in my rendered page, the above code actually isn't there. Anyone have ideas as to what is going on? -Edit- This seems to be an issue when I'm trying to register the script from an external project. If I use the exact same code in a class file in the web project (not the code behind), it works. However, if I make a call to a method in a class from another project, it does not work. Does the ScriptManager.RegisterStartupScript not get registered correctly if performed from somewhere besides the web project itself?

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  • Crosshairs in Java

    - by typoknig
    I am making a game that needs a crosshair. I have been playing with the java.awt.cursor class and that is easy enough, but the problem is that I do not want the crosshairs to be able to leave the window I create for my game, so I tried this instead: private void drawCrossHair(Graphics g){ Ellipse2D ellipse = new Ellipse2D.Float(); ellipse.setFrame(crossHair.x, crossHair.y, 36, 36); Color yellow = new Color (0xEDFF62); g.setColor(yellow); g.fillOval(crossHair.x, crossHair.y, 40, 40); g.setClip(ellipse); g.clip(ellipse); Basically I am trying to remove the "ellipse" from "g" leaving only a small ring behind. The problem here is that "g.clip(ellipse);" gives me an error. My objective with this code is to create a circle with a transparent center, like a donut. Once the donut is created I will add some small points on the inside of it so it looks more like crosshairs. One thing that may or may not be an issue is that I plan on moving the crosshairs with a joystick, not a mouse... I do not know if that will limit my options for what kind of object my crosshairs can be.

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  • A monkey could do this better - Access to and availability of private member functions in C++

    - by David
    I am wandering the desert of my brain. I'm trying to write something like the following: class MyClass { // Peripherally Related Stuff public: void TakeAnAction(int oneThing, int anotherThing) { switch(oneThing){ case THING_A: TakeThisActionWith(anotherThing); break; //cases THINGS_NOT_A: }; private: void TakeThisActionWith(int thing) { string outcome = new string; outcome = LookUpOutcome(thing); // Do some stuff based on outcome return; } string LookUpOutcome(int key) { string oc = new string; oc = MyPrivateMap[key]; return oc; } map<int, string> MyPrivateMap; Then in the .cc file where I am actually using these things, while compiling the TakeAnAction section, it [CC, the solaris compiler] throws an an error: 'The function LookUpOutcome must have a prototype' and bombs out. In my header file, I have declared 'string LookUpOutcome(int key);' in the private section of the class. I have tried all sorts of variations. I tried to use 'this' for a little while, and it gave me 'Can only use this in non-static member function.' Sadly, I haven't declared anything static and these are all, putatively, member functions. I tried it [on TakeAnAction and LookUp] when I got the error, but I got something like, 'Can't access MyPrivateMap from LookUp'. MyPrivateMap could be made public and I could refer to it directly, I guess, but my sensibility says that is not the right way to go about this [that means that namespace scoped helper functions are out, I think]. I also guess I could just inline the lookup and subsequent other stuff, but my line-o-meter goes on tilt. I'm trying desperately not to kludge it.

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  • Why do mozilla and webkit prepend -moz- and -webkit- to CSS3 rules?

    - by egarcia
    CSS3 rules bring lots of interesting features. Take border-radius, for example. The standard says that if you write this rule: div.rounded-corners { border-radius: 5px; } I should get a 5px border radius. But neither mozilla nor webkit implement this. However, they implement the same thing, with the same parameters, with a different name (-moz-border-radius and -webkit-border-radius, respectively). In order to satisfy as many browsers as possible, you end up with this: div.rounded-corners { border-radius: 5px; -moz-border-radius: 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; } I can see two obvious disadvantages: Copy-paste code. This has obvious risks that I will not discuss here. The W3C CSS validator will not validate these rules. At the same time, I don't see any obvious advantages. I believe that the people behind mozilla and webkit are more intelligent than myself. There must be some good reasons to have things structured this way. It's just that I can't see them. So, I must ask you people: why is this?

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  • Why are my Flex resource bundles not being loaded?

    - by Chris R
    I have an Actionscript module in the flex source folder filterModules, which is one of two additional source folders in my project (the main source folder is reports, but I'm not dealing with anything in there right now). Here's the MXML content that references the resources. ... This array is assigned to the dataProvider field of a ComboBox. It's not bound using the bindings, presumably for reasons that made sense to the original developer, and it'd be nontrivial to change the class to make that happen. I additionally have a resource property file in a folder resources/en_US and I have the source folder resources/{locale} in the project source settings. My additional compiler options are -locale en_US. The resource property file is resources/en_US/labels.properties (All paths are relative to the flash builder project root) and contains (amongst other things) these keys: metric.q3 = Overall Satisfaction metric.q5 = Personnel metric.q9a = Issue Resolution metric.q42 = Visit Duration Sat metric.q34 = Visit Duration I have written some FlexUnit tests that run in my local Flash Player that exercise these resources -- they check that every label is represented in the metrics array, for example, so I know that the resource file is loaded when run locally. However, when I copy the module .swf file over to my server, the combo box to which the array is assigned is empty. I copy the .swf like so, if it matters: rsync -rlDv --inplace -T /tmp ~/projects/flex_reports/bin-debug/rankingFilter.swf HOSTNAME:WEBROOT/flashPath/ Why is this? I am not able to debug the remote module because our surrounding site sets up a lot of context and makes some database calls to determine which module to load. I'm hoping to get some pointers on why resource bundles might not show up. I'd understand it if the array was present with wrong labels, but the array is instead completely empty, which is pretty odd.

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  • (x86) Assembler Optimization

    - by Pindatjuh
    I'm building a compiler/assembler/linker in Java for the x86-32 (IA32) processor targeting Windows. High-level concepts of a "language" (in essential a Java API for creating executables) are translated into opcodes, which then are wrapped and outputted to a file. The translation process has several phases, one is the translation between languages: the highest-level code is translated into the medium-level code which is then translated into the lowest-level code (probably more than 3 levels). My problem is the following; if I have higher-level code (X and Y) translated to lower-level code (x, y, U and V), then an example of such a translation is, in pseudo-code: x + U(f) // generated by X + V(f) + y // generated by Y (An easy example) where V is the opposite of U (compare with a stack push as U and a pop as V). This needs to be 'optimized' into: x + y (essentially removing the "useless" code) My idea was to use regular expressions. For the above case, it'll be a regular expression looking like this: x:(U(x)+V(x)):null, meaning for all x find U(x) followed by V(x) and replace by null. Imagine more complex regular expressions, for more complex optimizations. This should work on all levels. What do you suggest? What would be a good approach to optimize in these situations?

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  • Convert SQL with Inner AND Outer Join to L2S

    - by Refracted Paladin
    I need to convert the below Sproc to a Linq query. At the very bottom is what I have so far. For reference the fields behind the "splat"(not my sproc) are ImmunizationID int, HAReviewID int, ImmunizationMaintID int, ImmunizationOther varchar(50), ImmunizationDate smalldatetime, ImmunizationReasonID int The first two are PK and FK, respectively. The other two ints are linke to the Maint Table where there description is stored. That is what I am stuck on, the INNER JOIN AND the LEFT OUTER JOIN Thanks, SELECT tblHAReviewImmunizations.*, tblMaintItem.ItemDescription, tblMaintItem2.ItemDescription as Reason FROM dbo.tblHAReviewImmunizations INNER JOIN dbo.tblMaintItem ON dbo.tblHAReviewImmunizations.ImmunizationMaintID = dbo.tblMaintItem.ItemID LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.tblMaintItem as tblMaintItem2 ON dbo.tblHAReviewImmunizations.ImmunizationReasonID = tblMaintItem2.ItemID WHERE HAReviewID = @haReviewID My attempt so far -- public static DataTable GetImmunizations(int haReviewID) { using (var context = McpDataContext.Create()) { var currentImmunizations = from haReviewImmunization in context.tblHAReviewImmunizations where haReviewImmunization.HAReviewID == haReviewID join maintItem in context.tblMaintItems on haReviewImmunization.ImmunizationReasonID equals maintItem.ItemID into g from maintItem in g.DefaultIfEmpty() let Immunization = GetImmunizationNameByID( haReviewImmunization.ImmunizationMaintID) select new { haReviewImmunization.ImmunizationDate, haReviewImmunization.ImmunizationOther, Immunization, Reason = maintItem == null ? " " : maintItem.ItemDescription }; return currentImmunizations.CopyLinqToDataTable(); } } private static string GetImmunizationNameByID(int? immunizationID) { using (var context = McpDataContext.Create()) { var domainName = from maintItem in context.tblMaintItems where maintItem.ItemID == immunizationID select maintItem.ItemDescription; return domainName.SingleOrDefault(); } }

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  • Error loading shared libraries

    - by user459811
    Hi, I'm running eclipse on Ubuntu using a g++ compiler and I'm trying to run a sample program that utilizes xerces. The build produced no errors however, when i attempted to run the program, I would receive this error: "error while loading shared libraries: libxerces-c-3.1.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory" libxerces-c-3.1.so is in the directory /opt/lib which I have included as a library in eclipse. The file is there when I checked the folder. When I perform an 'echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH', /opt/lib is also listed. Any ideas into where the problem lies? Thanks. An 'ldd libxerces-c-3.1.so' command yields the following output: linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fffeafff000) libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x00007fa3d2b83000) libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007fa3d2966000) libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007fa3d265f000) libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x00007fa3d23dc000) libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00007fa3d2059000) libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007fa3d1e42000) /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fa3d337d000)

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  • Can I cross compile with gcc for an old version of a Linux distro on my Ubuntu 9.10?

    - by Johan
    Hi, I have some old hardware with an old version of say SuSE linux running on it. Now I have this fancy development machine running Ubuntu 9.10. Some of the tools I use to compile my C app (written in Python 2.6.x) are not available on the old SuSe box. So... is it possible to compile for that old machine on my dev box? I have the following steps in mind, but would like to cross-check before venturing off into this quest: 1. Find out which static/shared libs my app needs and find/build target version of them 2. Also find the corresponding header files 3. Feed the correct flags to gcc to use the target headers and libraries 4. Feed the correct flags to gcc to use the correct architecture (i386/i686), or do I need a cross-compilation toolchain. 5. Compile, upload and enjoy ;-) I regularly use avr-gcc and cc65, both are cross compiling. I know that you set up a coss compiler for developing something like a gumstix, so it should be possible to do the same for old/other Linux distros, not? C

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  • Does Perl auto-vivify variables used as references in subroutine calls?

    - by FM
    I've declared 2010 to be the year of higher-order programming, so I'm learning Haskell. The introduction has a slick quick-sort demo, and I thought, "Hey, that's easy to do in Perl". It turned to be easier than I expected. Note that I don't have to worry about whether my partitions ($less and $more) are defined. Normally you can't use an undefined value as an array reference. use strict; use warnings; use List::MoreUtils qw(part); my @data = (5,6,7,4,2,9,10,9,5,1); my @sorted = qsort(@data); print "@sorted\n"; sub qsort { return unless @_; my $pivot = shift @_; my ($less, $more) = part { $_ < $pivot ? 0 : 1 } @_; # Works, even though $less and $more are sometimes undefined. return qsort(@$less), $pivot, qsort(@$more); } As best I can tell, Perl will auto-vivify a variable that you try to use as a reference -- but only if you are passing it to a subroutine. For example, my call to foo() works, but not the attempted print. use Data::Dumper qw(Dumper); sub foo { print "Running foo(@_)\n" } my ($x); print Dumper($x); # Fatal: Can't use an undefined value as an ARRAY reference. # print @$x, "\n"; # But this works. foo(@$x); # Auto-vivification: $x is now []. print Dumper($x); My questions: Am I understanding this behavior correctly? What is the explanation or reasoning behind why Perl does this? Is this behavior explained anywhere in the docs?

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  • ISO/IEC Website and Charging for C and C++ Standards

    - by Michael Aaron Safyan
    The ISO C Standard (ISO/IEC 9899) and the ISO C++ Standard (ISO/IEC 14882) are not published online; instead, one must purchase the PDF for each of those standards. I am wondering what the rationale is behind this... is it not detrimental to both the C and C++ programming languages that the authoritative specification for these languages is not made freely available and searchable online? Doesn't this encourage the use of possibly inaccurate, non-authoritative sources for information regarding these standards? While I understand that much time and effort has gone into developing the C and C++ standards, I am still somewhat puzzled by the choice to charge for the specification. The OpenGroup Base Specification, for example, is available for free online; they make money buy charging for certification. Does anyone know why the ISO standards committees don't make their revenue in certifying standards compliance, instead of charging for these documents? Also, does anyone know if the ISO standards committee's atrociously looking website is intentionally made to look that way? It's as if they don't want people visiting and buying the spec. One last thing... the C and C++ standards are generally described as "open standards"... while I realize that this means that anyone is permitted to implement the standard, should that definition of "open" be revised? Charging for the standard rather than making it openly available seems contrary to the spirit of openness. P.S. I do have a copy of the ISO/IEC 9899:1999 and ISO/IEC 14882:2003, so please no remarks about being cheap or anything... although if you are tempted to say such things, you might want to consider the high school, undergraduate, and graduate students who might not have all that much extra cash. Also, you might want to consider the fact that the ISO website is really sketchy and they don't even tell you the cost until you proceed to the checkout... doesn't really encourage one to go and get a copy, now does it?

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  • Why are virtual methods considered early bound?

    - by AspOnMyNet
    One definition of binding is that it is the act of replacing function names with memory addresses. a) Thus I assume early binding means function calls are replaced with memory addresses during compilation process, while with late binding this replacement happens during runtime? b) Why are virtual methods also considered early bound (thus the target method is found at compile time, and code is created that will call this method)? As far as I know, with virtual methods the call to actual method is resolved only during runtime and not compile time?! thanx EDIT: 1) A a=new A(); a.M(); As far as I know, it is not known at compile time where on the heap (thus at which memory address ) will instance a be created during runtime. Now, with early binding the function calls are replaced with memory addresses during compilation process. But how can compiler replace function call with memory address, if it doesn’t know where on the heap will object a be created during runtime ( here I’m assuming the address of method a.M will also be at same memory location as a )? 2) v-table calls are neither early nor late bound. Instead there's an offset into a table of function pointers. The offset is fixed at compile time, but which table the function pointer is chosen from depends on the runtime type of the object (the object contains a hidden pointer to its v-table), so the final function address is found at runtime. But assuming the object of type T is created via reflection ( thus app doesn’t even know of existence of type T ), then how can at compile time exist an entry point for that type of object?

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  • TypeScript - separating code output

    - by Andrea Baccega
    i'm trying typescript and I find it very useful. I've a quite large project and i was considering rewriting it using typescript. The main problem here is the following: file A.ts: class A extends B { // A stuff } file B.ts: class B { // B stuff } If I compile A.ts with this command: tsc --out compiledA.js A.ts I'll get error from the compiler cause he doesn't know how to threat the "B" after extends. So, a "solution" would be including in A.ts (as first line of code): /// <reference path="./B.ts" /> Compiling again A.ts with the same command tsc --out compiledA.js A.ts Will result in compiledA.js containing both B.ts and A.ts code. ( which could be very nice ) In my case, I only need to compile the A.ts code in the compiledA.js file and I don't want the B.ts stuff to be in there. Indeed, what I want is: tsc --out A.js A.ts = compile only the A.ts stuff tsc --out B.js B.ts = compile only the B.ts stuff I can do it by removing the "extends" keyword but doing that I'll loose most of the typescript goodness. Can someone telll me if there's a way to do this ?

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  • How do you fix issues with the debugger for the Android plug-in for Eclipse not attaching?

    - by user279112
    I have been trying to program something for the Android mobile phone, using Eclipse and the Android plug-in for that IDE, and my debugger used to attach just fine. But then it has suddenly started having consistent issues attaching. I just get that message about how the process is waiting for the debugger attach, and then it just won't. What determines whether the attachment glitches so seems to have something to do with what the code is that I'm trying to debug, as it seems to be drastically more of an issue with some versions of my code than with others (on the same app). How do I fix this? Now before you answer, please understand that I have researched this issue already. I have found a couple of solutions that have worked with other people, but which do not work for me. One of which is setting the debuggable property in the main manifest file as true, and the other is going into Dev Tools and into some settings menu, and from there selecting the process and essentially saying to the fake phone, "Debug this process". Neither has really worked. Any other ideas? And just in case...I've run into one blasted technical issue like this after another trying to program for that stupid phone. And I'm not the only one who's having these issues; when I go online to research these issues, it is always very easy for me to find many people who have the same issues, and who are having to use the shottiest, sloppiest, most "ghetto" solutions to work around these issues. I know that many people have created good applications for that phone, but I don't see how I'm supposed to do that when the SDK and the plug-in just don't work half the time. Does anybody know how I may put all this trash behind me, once and for all? Thanks for your answers to either question!

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  • Yet another Haskell vs. Scala question

    - by Travis Brown
    I've been using Haskell for several months, and I love it—it's gradually become my tool of choice for everything from one-off file renaming scripts to larger XML processing programs. I'm definitely still a beginner, but I'm starting to feel comfortable with the language and the basics of the theory behind it. I'm a lowly graduate student in the humanities, so I'm not under a lot of institutional or administrative pressure to use specific tools for my work. It would be convenient for me in many ways, however, to switch to Scala (or Clojure). Most of the NLP and machine learning libraries that I work with on a daily basis (and that I've written in the past) are Java-based, and the primary project I'm working for uses a Java application server. I've been mostly disappointed by my initial interactions with Scala. Many aspects of the syntax (partial application, for example) still feel clunky to me compared to Haskell, and I miss libraries like Parsec and HXT and QuickCheck. I'm familiar with the advantages of the JVM platform, so practical questions like this one don't really help me. What I'm looking for is a motivational argument for moving to Scala. What does it do (that Haskell doesn't) that's really cool? What makes it fun or challenging or life-changing? Why should I get excited about writing it?

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