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• How handle nifty initialization in a Slick2D state based game?

  - by nathan

  I'm using Slick2D and Nifty GUI. I decided to use a state based approach for my game and since i want to use Nifty GUI, i use the classes NiftyStateBasedGame for the main and NiftyOverlayBasicGameState for the states. As the description say, i'm suppose to initialize the GUI in the method initGameAndGUI on my states, no problem: @Override protected void initGameAndGUI(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame sbg) throws SlickException { initNifty(gc, sbg) } It works great when i have only one state but if i'm doing a call to initNifty several times from different states, it will raise the following exception: org.bushe.swing.event.EventServiceExistsException: An event service by the name NiftyEventBusalready exists. Perhaps multiple threads tried to create a service about the same time? at org.bushe.swing.event.EventServiceLocator.setEventService(EventServiceLocator.java:123) at de.lessvoid.nifty.Nifty.initalizeEventBus(Nifty.java:221) at de.lessvoid.nifty.Nifty.initialize(Nifty.java:201) at de.lessvoid.nifty.Nifty.<init>(Nifty.java:142) at de.lessvoid.nifty.slick2d.NiftyCarrier.initNifty(NiftyCarrier.java:94) at de.lessvoid.nifty.slick2d.NiftyOverlayBasicGameState.initNifty(NiftyOverlayBasicGameState.java:332) at de.lessvoid.nifty.slick2d.NiftyOverlayBasicGameState.initNifty(NiftyOverlayBasicGameState.java:299) at de.lessvoid.nifty.slick2d.NiftyOverlayBasicGameState.initNifty(NiftyOverlayBasicGameState.java:280) at de.lessvoid.nifty.slick2d.NiftyOverlayBasicGameState.initNifty(NiftyOverlayBasicGameState.java:264) The initializeEventBus that raise the exception is called from the Nifty constructor and a new Nifty object is created within the initNifty method: public void initNifty( final SlickRenderDevice renderDevice, final SlickSoundDevice soundDevice, final SlickInputSystem inputSystem, final TimeProvider timeProvider) { if (isInitialized()) { throw new IllegalStateException("The Nifty-GUI was already initialized. Its illegal to do so twice."); } final InputSystem activeInputSystem; if (relayInputSystem == null) { activeInputSystem = inputSystem; } else { activeInputSystem = relayInputSystem; relayInputSystem.setTargetInputSystem(inputSystem); } nifty = new Nifty(renderDevice, soundDevice, activeInputSystem, timeProvider); } Is this a bug in the nifty for slick2d implementation or am i missing something? How am i supposed to handle nifty initialization over multiple states?

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• how to re-use a sprite in cocos2d-x

  - by zinking

  some times it takes time to create the sprite structures in the scene, I might need to setup structures inside this sprite to meet requirement, thus I would hope to reuse such structures with the game again and again. I tried that, remove the child from parent, detach it from parent , clean parent with the sprite. but when I try to add the sprite to another scene, it's just wont pass the assertion that the sprite already have parent did I miss some step ? add an example: I have a sprite A which involves of quite a few steps to construct, so I used it in scene A layer A, and then I want to use it in scene A layer B, scene B layer A1 etc..... generally speaking I don't want to reconstruct the sprte again.

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• Exporting .FBX model into XNA - unorthogonal bones

  - by Sweta Dwivedi

  I create a butterfly model in 3ds max with some basic animation, however trying to export it to .FBX format I get the following exception.. any idea how i can transform the wings to be orthogonal.. One or more objects in the scene has local axes that are not perpendicular to each other (non-orthogonal). The FBX plug-in only supports orthogonal (or perpendicular) axes and will not correctly import or export any transformations that involve non-perpendicular local axes. This can create an inaccurate appearance with the affected objects: -Right.Wing I have attached a picture for reference . . .

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• Frameskipping in Android gameloop causing choppy sprites (Open GL ES 2.0)

  - by user22241

  I have written a simple 2d platform game for Android and am wondering how one deals with frame-skipping? Are there any alternatives? Let me explain further. So, my game loop allows for the rendering to be skipped if game updates and rendering do not fit into my fixed time-slice (16.667ms). This allows my game to run at identically perceived speeds on different devices. And this works great, things do run at the same speed. However, when the gameloop skips a render call for even one frame, the sprite glitches. And thinking about it, why wouldn't it? You're seeing a sprite move say, an average of 10 pixels every 1.6 seconds, then suddenly, there is a pause of 3.2ms, and the sprite then appears to jump 20 pixels. When this happens 3 or 4 times in close succession, the result is very ugly and not something I want in my game. Therfore, my question is how does one deal with these 'pauses' and 'jumps' - I've read every article on game loops I can find (see below) and my loops are even based off of code from these articles. The articles specifically mention frame skipping but they don't make any reference to how to deal with visual glitches that result from it. I've attempted various game-loops. My loop must have a mechanism in-place to allow rendering to be skipped to keep game-speed constant across multiple devices (or alternative, if one exists) I've tried interpolation but this doesn't eliminate this specific problem (although it looks like it may mitigate the issue slightly as when it eventually draws the sprite it 'moves it back' between the old and current positions so the 'jump' isn't so big. I've also tried a form of extrapolation which does seem to keep things smooth considerably, but I find it to be next to completely useless because it plays havoc with my collision detection (even when drawing with a 'display only' coordinate - see extrapolation-breaks-collision-detection) I've tried a loop that uses Thread.sleep when drawing / updating completes with time left over, no frame skipping in this one, again fairly smooth, but runs differently on different devices so no good. And I've tried spawning my own, third thread for logic updates, but this, was extremely messy to deal with and the performance really wasn't good. (upon reading tons of forums, most people seem to agree a 2 thread loops ( so UI and GL threads) is safer / easier). Now if I remove frame skipping, then all seems to run nice and smooth, with or without inter/extrapolation. However, this isn't an option because the game then runs at different speeds on different devices as it falls behind from not being able to render fast enough. I'm running logic at 60 Ticks per second and rendering as fast as I can. I've read, as far as I can see every article out there, I've tried the loops from My Secret Garden and Fix your timestep. I've also read: Against the grain deWITTERS Game Loop Plus various other articles on Game-loops. A lot of the others are derived from the above articles or just copied word for word. These are all great, but they don't touch on the issues I'm experiencing. I really have tried everything I can think of over the course of a year to eliminate these glitches to no avail, so any and all help would be appreciated. A couple of examples of my game loops (Code follows): From My Secret Room public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { //Rre-set loop back to 0 to start counting again loops=0; while(System.currentTimeMillis() > nextGameTick && loops < maxFrameskip) { SceneManager.getInstance().getCurrentScene().updateLogic(); nextGameTick += skipTicks; timeCorrection += (1000d / ticksPerSecond) % 1; nextGameTick += timeCorrection; timeCorrection %= 1; loops++; } extrapolation = (float)(System.currentTimeMillis() + skipTicks - nextGameTick) / (float)skipTicks; render(extrapolation); } And from Fix your timestep double t = 0.0; double dt2 = 0.01; double currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis()*0.001; double accumulator = 0.0; double newTime; double frameTime; @Override public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { newTime = System.currentTimeMillis()*0.001; frameTime = newTime - currentTime; if ( frameTime > (dt*5)) //Allow 5 'skips' frameTime = (dt*5); currentTime = newTime; accumulator += frameTime; while ( accumulator >= dt ) { SceneManager.getInstance().getCurrentScene().updateLogic(); previousState = currentState; accumulator -= dt; } interpolation = (float) (accumulator / dt); render(interpolation); }

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• Cocos3d lighting problem

  - by Parasithe

  I'm currently working on a cocos3d project, but I'm having some trouble with lighting and I have no idea how to solve it. I've tried everything and the lighting is always as bad in the game. The first picture is from 3ds max (the software we used for 3d) and the second is from my iphone app. http://prntscr.com/ly378 http://prntscr.com/ly2io As you can see, the lighting is really bad in the app. I manually add my spots and the ambiant light. Here is all my lighting code : _spot = [CC3Light lightWithName: @"Spot" withLightIndex: 0]; // Set the ambient scene lighting. ccColor4F ambientColor = { 0.9, 0.9, 0.9, 1 }; self.ambientLight = ambientColor; //Positioning _spot.target = [self getNodeNamed:kCharacterName]; _spot.location = cc3v( 400, 400, -600 ); // Adjust the relative ambient and diffuse lighting of the main light to // improve realisim, particularly on shadow effects. _spot.diffuseColor = CCC4FMake(0.8, 0.8, 0.8, 1.0); _spot.specularColor = CCC4FMake(0, 0, 0, 1); [_spot setAttenuationCoefficients:CC3AttenuationCoefficientsMake(0, 0, 1)]; // Another mechansim for adjusting shadow intensities is shadowIntensityFactor. // For better effect, set here to a value less than one to lighten the shadows // cast by the main light. _spot.shadowIntensityFactor = 0.75; [self addChild:_spot]; _spot2 = [CC3Light lightWithName: @"Spot2" withLightIndex: 1]; //Positioning _spot2.target = [self getNodeNamed:kCharacterName]; _spot2.location = cc3v( -550, 400, -800 ); _spot2.diffuseColor = CCC4FMake(0.8, 0.8, 0.8, 1.0); _spot2.specularColor = CCC4FMake(0, 0, 0, 1); [_spot2 setAttenuationCoefficients:CC3AttenuationCoefficientsMake(0, 0, 1)]; _spot2.shadowIntensityFactor = 0.75; [self addChild:_spot2]; I'd really appreciate if anyone would have some tip on how to fix the lighting. Maybe my spots are bad? maybe it's the material? I really have no idea. Any help would be welcomed. I already ask some help on cocos2d forums. I had some answers but I need more help.

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• Raycasting tutorial / vector math question

  - by mattboy

  I'm checking out this nice raycasting tutorial at http://lodev.org/cgtutor/raycasting.html and have a probably very simple math question. In the DDA algorithm I'm having trouble understanding the calcuation of the deltaDistX and deltaDistY variables, which are the distances that the ray has to travel from 1 x-side to the next x-side, or from 1 y-side to the next y-side, in the square grid that makes up the world map (see below screenshot). In the tutorial they are calculated as follows, but without much explanation: //length of ray from one x or y-side to next x or y-side double deltaDistX = sqrt(1 + (rayDirY * rayDirY) / (rayDirX * rayDirX)); double deltaDistY = sqrt(1 + (rayDirX * rayDirX) / (rayDirY * rayDirY)); rayDirY and rayDirX are the direction of a ray that has been cast. How do you get these formulas? It looks like pythagorean theorem is part of it, but somehow there's division involved here. Can anyone clue me in as to what mathematical knowledge I'm missing here, or "prove" the formula by showing how it's derived?

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• OpenGL and atlas

  - by user30088

  I'm trying to draw element from a texture atlas with OpenGL ES 2. Currently, I'm drawing my elements using something like that in the shader: uniform mat4 uCamera; uniform mat4 uModel; attribute vec4 aPosition; attribute vec4 aColor; attribute vec2 aTextCoord; uniform vec2 offset; uniform vec2 scale; varying lowp vec4 vColor; varying lowp vec2 vUV; void main() { vUV = offset + aTextCoord * scale; gl_Position = (uCamera * uModel) * aPosition; vColor = aColor; } For each elements to draw I send his offset and scale to the shader. The problem with this method: I can't rotate the element but it's not a problem for now. I would like to know, what is better for performance: Send uniforms like that for each element on every frames Update quad geometry (uvs) for each element Thanks!

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• A* navigational mesh path finding

  - by theguywholikeslinux

  So I've been making this top down 2D java game in this framework called Greenfoot [1] and I've been working on the AI for the guys you are gonna fight. I want them to be able to move around the world realistically so I soon realized, amongst a couple of other things, I would need some kind of pathfinding. I have made two A* prototypes. One is grid based and then I made one that works with waypoints so now I need to work out a way to get from a 2d "map" of the obstacles/buildings to a graph of nodes that I can make a path from. The actual pathfinding seems fine, just my open and closed lists could use a more efficient data structure, but I'll get to that if and when I need to. I intend to use a navigational mesh for all the reasons out lined in this post on ai-blog.net [2]. However, the problem I have faced is that what A* thinks is the shortest path from the polygon centres/edges is not necessarily the shortest path if you travel through any part of the node. To get a better idea you can see the question I asked on stackoverflow [3]. I got a good answer concerning a visibility graph. I have since purchased the book (Computational Geometry: Algorithms and Applications [4]) and read further into the topic, however I am still in favour of a navigational mesh (See "Managing Complexity" [5] from Amit’s Notes about Path-Finding [6]). (As a side note, maybe I could possibly use Theta* to convert multiple waypoints into one straight line if the first and last are not obscured. Or each time I move back check to the waypoint before last to see if I can go straight from that to this) So basically what I want is a navigational mesh where once I have put it through a funnel algorithm (e.g. this one from Digesting Duck [7]) I will get the true shortest path, rather than get one that is the shortest path following node to node only, but not the actual shortest given that you can go through some polygons and skip nodes/edges. Oh and I also want to know how you suggest storing the information concerning the polygons. For the waypoint prototype example I made I just had each node as an object and stored a list of all the other nodes you could travel to from that node, I'm guessing that won't work with polygons? and how to I tell if a polygon is open/traversable or if it is a solid object? How do I store which nodes make up the polygon? Finally, for the record: I do want to programme this by myself from scratch even though there are already other solutions available and I don't intend to be (re) using this code in anything other than this game so it does not matter that it will inevitably be poor quality. http://greenfoot.org http://www.ai-blog.net/archives/000152.html http://stackoverflow.com/q/7585515/ http://www.cs.uu.nl/geobook/ http://theory.stanford.edu/~amitp/GameProgramming/MapRepresentations.html http://theory.stanford.edu/~amitp/GameProgramming/ http://digestingduck.blogspot.com/2010/03/simple-stupid-funnel-algorithm.html

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• How do you create a .XNB Font file for use with CocosSharp?

  - by Chris Pietschmann

  I know the .XNB file format is an XNA thing and that CocosSharp inherits this from its MonoGame roots. However there doesn't seem to be any information on how to create your own .XNB fonts to use with CocosSharp. I've tried searching but can find any information. Could someone explain it here or point me to a tutorial on how to create .XNB font file for use with CocosSharp? A site to download already compiled .XNB Fonts would also be acceptable. Update: Another thing that makes this tricky is that I guess XNA Game Studio could be used, but it's not compatible with Windows 8.1; which is what I currently use for my dev machine...

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• XNA extending an existing Content type

  - by Maarten

  We are doing a game in XNA that reacts to music. We need to do some offline processing of the music data and therefore we need a custom type containing the Song and some additional data: // Project AudioGameLibrary namespace AudioGameLibrary { public class GameTrack { public Song Song; public string Extra; } } We've added a Content Pipeline extension: // Project GameTrackProcessor namespace GameTrackProcessor { [ContentSerializerRuntimeType("AudioGameLibrary.GameTrack, AudioGameLibrary")] public class GameTrackContent { public SongContent SongContent; public string Extra; } [ContentProcessor(DisplayName = "GameTrack Processor")] public class GameTrackProcessor : ContentProcessor<AudioContent, GameTrackContent> { public GameTrackProcessor(){} public override GameTrackContent Process(AudioContent input, ContentProcessorContext context) { return new GameTrackContent() { SongContent = new SongProcessor().Process(input, context), Extra = "Some extra data" // Here we can do our processing on 'input' }; } } } Both the Library and the Pipeline extension are added to the Game Solution and references are also added. When trying to use this extension to load "gametrack.mp3" we run into problems however: // Project AudioGame protected override void LoadContent() { AudioGameLibrary.GameTrack gameTrack = Content.Load<AudioGameLibrary.GameTrack>("gametrack"); MediaPlayer.Play(gameTrack.Song); } The error message: Error loading "gametrack". File contains Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media.Song but trying to load as AudioGameLibrary.GameTrack. AudioGame contains references to both AudioGameLibrary and GameTrackProcessor. Are we maybe missing other references? EDIT Selecting the correct content processor helped, it loads the audio file correctly. However, when I try to process some data, e.g: public override GameTrackContent Process(AudioContent input, ContentProcessorContext context) { int count = input.Data.Count; // With this commented out it works fine return new GameTrackContent() { SongContent = new SongProcessor().Process(input, context) }; } It crashes with the following error: Managed Debugging Assistant 'PInvokeStackImbalance' has detected a problem in 'C:\Users\Maarten\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\AudioGame\DebugPipeline\bin\Debug\DebugPipeline.exe'. Additional Information: A call to PInvoke function 'Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline!Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.UnsafeNativeMethods+AudioHelper::OpenAudioFile' has unbalanced the stack. This is likely because the managed PInvoke signature does not match the unmanaged target signature. Check that the calling convention and parameters of the PInvoke signature match the target unmanaged signature. Information from logger right before crash: Using "BuildContent" task from assembly "Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipel ine, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=842cf8be1de50553". Task "BuildContent" Building gametrack.mp3 -> bin\x86\Debug\Content\gametrack.xnb Rebuilding because asset is new Importing gametrack.mp3 with Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.Mp3Imp orter Im experiencing exactly this: http://forums.create.msdn.com/forums/t/75996.aspx

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• Bone creation in XNA Content Pipeline

  - by cod3monk3y

  I'm trying to manually create a ModelContent instance that includes custom Bone data in a custom ContentProcessor in the XNA Content Pipeline. I can't seem to create or assign manually created bone data due to either private constructors or read-only collections (at every turn). The code I have right now that creates a single triangle ModelContent that I'd like to create a bone for is: MeshContent mc = new MeshContent(); mc.Positions.Add(new Vector3(-10, 0, 0)); mc.Positions.Add(new Vector3(0, 10, 0)); mc.Positions.Add(new Vector3(10, 0, 0)); GeometryContent gc = new GeometryContent(); gc.Indices.AddRange(new int[] { 0, 1, 2 }); gc.Vertices.AddRange(new int[] { 0, 1, 2 }); mc.Geometry.Add(gc); // Create normals MeshHelper.CalculateNormals(mc, true); // finally, convert it to a model ModelContent model = context.Convert<MeshContent, ModelContent>(mc, "ModelProcessor"); The documentation on XNA is amazingly sparse. I've been referencing the class diagrams created by DigitalRune and Sean Hargreaves blog, but I haven't found anything on creating bone content. Once the ModelContent is created, it's not possible to add bones because the Bones collection is read-only. And it seems the only way to create the ModelContent instance is to call the standard ModelProcessor via ContentProcessorContext.Convert. So it's a bit of a catch-22. The BoneContent class has a constructor but no methods except those inherited from NodeContent... though now (true to form) maybe I've realized the solution by asking the question. Should I create a root NodeContent with two children: one MeshContent and one BoneContent as the root of my skeleton; then pass the root NodeContent to ContentProcessorContext.Convert? Off to try that now...

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• 3D transformations in WPF & DirectX/Direct3D or OpenGL

  - by user2723417

  I need your help with 3D transformations. I have a sphere and I want to deform it by a mouse click or a mouse move. I want to make a furrow or to bite off a piece of the sphere without any breaks of 3D material. It is possible in WPF, but if the quantity of 3D points is more then 25 000, it creates some freezes in a dynamic mode (animation breaks), because the object of MeshGeometry3D class should be reconstructed every time to stop the breaks of 3D material. Give me advice about tools for the realization of my task. Maybe it can be done with the help of DirectX/Direct3D or OpenGL? I am a newcomer in these collections of APIs, but I would like to study them. I need to integrate the process of transformation in WPF application.

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• blurry image rendered

  - by Jason

  I'm using Direct2D to render a PNG image using a ID2D1BitmapRenderTarget and then caling it's GetBitmap() function and rendering the image using ID2D1HwndRenderTarget::DrawBitmap(). Some of the images rendered this way are clear but others appear blurry. I did some research and followed a tutorial to make my application "DPI Aware" but it didn't help. What could cause the rendered image to appear blurry? Has anyone experienced this issue before? What can I do about this?

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• 'Unblock' / 'Yellow Out' game questions

  - by pimvdb

  I would very much like to build a game that is known as 'Unblock' or 'Yellow Out'. It is a puzzle game in which the task is to move a car out of a parking space by moving other cars in certain directions. These are links where the game can be played: Yellow Out Unblock My questions concerning this game are: Is this game actually licensed? I see it's available under two names (perhaps even more). Does this mean the game idea can be used freely? Is there an article about it? I have not been able to find it on Wikipedia. I would like to gather some information about the game so as to understand more details of it. Is there some database with puzzles available? I can just check the puzzles of existing games, but that's a pain because I have to finish a level to get on to the following one. I was wondering whether there is a general list of puzzles somewhere. Thanks!

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• Polygons vs sprites rendering performance in Unity for windows phone 8

  - by Géry Arduino

  I'm currently building a windows phone 8 game with unity, having 111 (no more no less) sprites being updated each frames. I have a strong overhead in the profiler (70% to 90% minimum) I tried the following to get higher frame rate, I'm running it with minimum quality settings, I tried disabling and enabling V-Sync Finally I managedto get 60Fps, but I still have large overhead. I believe I should have more than 60Fps for such few amount. Moreover, I still have to implement the game logic over this so I'd like some room in my FPS to be able to work. I was wondering if it would be better in terms of performance to use polygons instead of sprites? As sprites are quite new in Unity, (that would give me around 222 triangles). Did someone tried to check the performance differences between sprites and actual mesh renderes in Unity when it comes to phones? If so what could be the best option in that case? FYI : I'm using the Windows Phone 8 emulator on Visual studio, I have a compliant computer for that so it should normally reflect the behavior of a real phone (expecting some differences but still...) EDIT : To clarify my question i wonder what is the most efficient in windows phone 8 : Sprites or Mesh renderers?

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• Laser Beam End Points Problems (XNA)

  - by user36159

  I am building a game in XNA that features colored laser beams in 3D space. The beams are defined as: Segment start position Segment end position Line width For rendering, I am using 3 quads: Start point billboard End point billboard Middle section quad whose forward vector is the slope of the line and whose normal points to the camera The problem is that using additive blending, the end points and middle section overlap, which looks quite jarring. However, I need the endpoints in case the laser is pointing towards the camera! See the blue laser in particular:

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• How can I create a fast, real-time, fixed length glowing ray?

  - by igf

  Similar to the disintegrate skill in Diablo 3. It should not light other objects in scene. Just glowing and animated. Like in this video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_c4x6aQAG8. Should I use pack of pre-computed glow sources textures for each frame of ray animation like in this article http://http.developer.nvidia.com/GPUGems/gpugems_ch21.html and put it in bloom shader? Is there any other efficient ways to achive this effect? I'm using OpenGL ES 2.0.

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• Lost transparency in SDL surfaces drawn manually

  - by Christian Ivicevic

  I want to create SDL_Surface objects for each layer of my 2d tile-based map so that I have to render only one surface per layer rather than too many tiles. With normal tiles which do not have transparent areas this works well, however I am not able to create a SDL_Surface with transparent pixels everywhere to be able to draw some tiles on specific parts which should be visible (I do NOT want the whole surface to appear with a specific opacity - I want to create overlaying tiles where one can look through). Currently I am creating my layers like this to draw with SDL_BlitSurface on them: SDL_Surface* layer = SDL_CreateRGBSurface( SDL_HWSURFACE | SDL_SRCALPHA, layerWidth, layerHeight, 32, 0, 0, 0, 0); If you have a look at this screenshot I have provided here you can see that the bottom layer with no transparent parts gets rendered correctly. However the overlay with the tree tile (which is transparent in the top left corner) is drawn own its own surface which is black and not transparent as expected. The expected result (concerning the transparency) can be seen here Can anyone explain me how to handle surfaces which are actually transparent rather than drawing all my overlay tiles separately?

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• Algorithm for spreading labels in a visually appealing and intuitive way

  - by mac

  Short version Is there a design pattern for distributing vehicle labels in a non-overlapping fashion, placing them as close as possible to the vehicle they refer to? If not, is any of the method I suggest viable? How would you implement this yourself? Extended version In the game I'm writing I have a bird-eye vision of my airborne vehicles. I also have next to each of the vehicles a small label with key-data about the vehicle. This is an actual screenshot: Now, since the vehicles could be flying at different altitudes, their icons could overlap. However I would like to never have their labels overlapping (or a label from vehicle 'A' overlap the icon of vehicle 'B'). Currently, I can detect collisions between sprites and I simply push away the offending label in a direction opposite to the otherwise-overlapped sprite. This works in most situations, but when the airspace get crowded, the label can get pushed very far away from its vehicle, even if there was an alternate "smarter" alternative. For example I get: B - label A -----------label C - label where it would be better (= label closer to the vehicle) to get: B - label label - A C - label EDIT: It also has to be considered that beside the overlapping vehicles case, there might be other configurations in which vehicles'labels could overlap (the ASCII-art examples show for example three very close vehicles in which the label of A would overlap the icon of B and C). I have two ideas on how to improve the present situation, but before spending time implementing them, I thought to turn to the community for advice (after all it seems like a "common enough problem" that a design pattern for it could exist). For what it's worth, here's the two ideas I was thinking to: Slot-isation of label space In this scenario I would divide all the screen into "slots" for the labels. Then, each vehicle would always have its label placed in the closest empty one (empty = no other sprites at that location. Spiralling search From the location of the vehicle on the screen, I would try to place the label at increasing angles and then at increasing radiuses, until a non-overlapping location is found. Something down the line of: try 0°, 10px try 10°, 10px try 20°, 10px ... try 350°, 10px try 0°, 20px try 10°, 20px ...

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• Refactoring an immediate drawing function into VBO, access violation error

  - by Alex

  I have a MD2 model loader, I am trying to substitute its immediate drawing function with a Vertex Buffer Object one.... I am getting a really annoying access violation reading error and I can't figure out why, but mostly I'd like an opinion as to whether this looks correct (never used VBOs before). This is the original function (that compiles ok) which calculates the keyframe and draws at the same time: glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); for(int i = 0; i < numTriangles; i++) { MD2Triangle* triangle = triangles + i; for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) { MD2Vertex* v1 = frame1->vertices + triangle->vertices[j]; MD2Vertex* v2 = frame2->vertices + triangle->vertices[j]; Vec3f pos = v1->pos * (1 - frac) + v2->pos * frac; Vec3f normal = v1->normal * (1 - frac) + v2->normal * frac; if (normal[0] == 0 && normal[1] == 0 && normal[2] == 0) { normal = Vec3f(0, 0, 1); } glNormal3f(normal[0], normal[1], normal[2]); MD2TexCoord* texCoord = texCoords + triangle->texCoords[j]; glTexCoord2f(texCoord->texCoordX, texCoord->texCoordY); glVertex3f(pos[0], pos[1], pos[2]); } } glEnd(); What I'd like to do is to calculate all positions before hand, store them in a Vertex array and then draw them. This is what I am trying to replace it with (in the exact same part of the program) int vCount = 0; for(int i = 0; i < numTriangles; i++) { MD2Triangle* triangle = triangles + i; for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) { MD2Vertex* v1 = frame1->vertices + triangle->vertices[j]; MD2Vertex* v2 = frame2->vertices + triangle->vertices[j]; Vec3f pos = v1->pos * (1 - frac) + v2->pos * frac; Vec3f normal = v1->normal * (1 - frac) + v2->normal * frac; if (normal[0] == 0 && normal[1] == 0 && normal[2] == 0) { normal = Vec3f(0, 0, 1); } indices[vCount] = normal[0]; vCount++; indices[vCount] = normal[1]; vCount++; indices[vCount] = normal[2]; vCount++; MD2TexCoord* texCoord = texCoords + triangle->texCoords[j]; indices[vCount] = texCoord->texCoordX; vCount++; indices[vCount] = texCoord->texCoordY; vCount++; indices[vCount] = pos[0]; vCount++; indices[vCount] = pos[1]; vCount++; indices[vCount] = pos[2]; vCount++; } } totalVertices = vCount; glEnableClientState(GL_NORMAL_ARRAY); glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glNormalPointer(GL_FLOAT, 0, indices); glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(float)*3, indices); glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(float)*5, indices); glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, totalVertices, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices); glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); // disable vertex arrays glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); glDisableClientState(GL_NORMAL_ARRAY); First of all, does it look right? Second, I get access violation error "Unhandled exception at 0x01455626 in Graphics_template_1.exe: 0xC0000005: Access violation reading location 0xed5243c0" pointing at line 7 Vec3f pos = v1->pos * (1 - frac) + v2->pos * frac; where the two Vs seems to have no value in the debugger.... Till this point the function behaves in exactly the same way as the one above, I don't understand why this happens? Thanks for any help you may be able to provide!

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• How to build a turn-based multiplayer "real time" server

  - by jmosesman

  I want to build a TCG for mobile devices that is multiplayer over the web (not local wifi or bluetooth). As a player plays cards I want the second player to see what is being played in "real time" (within a few seconds). Only one player can play at a time. Server requirements: 1) Continuously listens for input from Player 1 2) As it receives input from Player 1, sends the message to Player 2 I know some PHP, but it seems like unless I had a loop that continued until I broke it (seems like a bad idea) the script would just receive one input and quit. On the mobile side I know I can open sockets using various frameworks, but what language allows a "stream-like" behavior that continuously listens/sends messages on the server? Or if I'm missing something, what would be the best practice here?

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• How to rotate a set of points on z = 0 plane in 3-D, preserving pairwise distances?

  - by cagirici

  I have a set of points double n[] on the plane z = 0. And I have another set of points double[] m on the plane ax + by + cz + d = 0. Length of n is equal to length of m. Also, euclidean distance between n[i] and n[j] is equal to euclidean distance between m[i] and m[j]. I want to rotate n[] in 3-D, such that for all i, n[i] = m[i] would be true. In other words, I want to turn a plane into another plane, preserving the pairwise distances. Here's my code in java. But it does not help so much: double[] rotate(double[] point, double[] currentEquation, double[] targetEquation) { double[] currentNormal = new double[]{currentEquation[0], currentEquation[1], currentEquation[2]}; double[] targetNormal = new double[]{targetEquation[0], targetEquation[1], targetEquation[2]}; targetNormal = normalize(targetNormal); double angle = angleBetween(currentNormal, targetNormal); double[] axis = cross(targetNormal, currentNormal); double[][] R = getRotationMatrix(axis, angle); return rotated; } double[][] getRotationMatrix(double[] axis, double angle) { axis = normalize(axis); double cA = (float)Math.cos(angle); double sA = (float)Math.sin(angle); Matrix I = Matrix.identity(3, 3); Matrix a = new Matrix(axis, 3); Matrix aT = a.transpose(); Matrix a2 = a.times(aT); double[][] B = { {0, axis[2], -1*axis[1]}, {-1*axis[2], 0, axis[0]}, {axis[1], -1*axis[0], 0} }; Matrix A = new Matrix(B); Matrix R = I.minus(a2); R = R.times(cA); R = R.plus(a2); R = R.plus(A.times(sA)); return R.getArray(); } This is what I get. The point set on the right side is actually part of a point set on the left side. But they are on another plane. Here's a 2-D representation of what I try to do: There are two lines. The line on the bottom is the line I have. The line on the top is the target line. The distances are preserved (a, b and c). Edit: I have tried both methods written in answers. They both fail (I guess). Method of Martijn Courteaux public static double[][] getRotationMatrix(double[] v0, double[] v1, double[] v2, double[] u0, double[] u1, double[] u2) { RealMatrix M1 = new Array2DRowRealMatrix(new double[][]{ {1,0,0,-1*v0[0]}, {0,1,0,-1*v0[1]}, {0,0,1,0}, {0,0,0,1} }); RealMatrix M2 = new Array2DRowRealMatrix(new double[][]{ {1,0,0,-1*u0[0]}, {0,1,0,-1*u0[1]}, {0,0,1,-1*u0[2]}, {0,0,0,1} }); Vector3D imX = new Vector3D((v0[1] - v1[1])*(u2[0] - u0[0]) - (v0[1] - v2[1])*(u1[0] - u0[0]), (v0[1] - v1[1])*(u2[1] - u0[1]) - (v0[1] - v2[1])*(u1[1] - u0[1]), (v0[1] - v1[1])*(u2[2] - u0[2]) - (v0[1] - v2[1])*(u1[2] - u0[2]) ).scalarMultiply(1/((v0[0]*v1[1])-(v0[0]*v2[1])-(v1[0]*v0[1])+(v1[0]*v2[1])+(v2[0]*v0[1])-(v2[0]*v1[1]))); Vector3D imZ = new Vector3D(findEquation(u0, u1, u2)); Vector3D imY = Vector3D.crossProduct(imZ, imX); double[] imXn = imX.normalize().toArray(); double[] imYn = imY.normalize().toArray(); double[] imZn = imZ.normalize().toArray(); RealMatrix M = new Array2DRowRealMatrix(new double[][]{ {imXn[0], imXn[1], imXn[2], 0}, {imYn[0], imYn[1], imYn[2], 0}, {imZn[0], imZn[1], imZn[2], 0}, {0, 0, 0, 1} }); RealMatrix rotationMatrix = MatrixUtils.inverse(M2).multiply(M).multiply(M1); return rotationMatrix.getData(); } Method of Sam Hocevar static double[][] makeMatrix(double[] p1, double[] p2, double[] p3) { double[] v1 = normalize(difference(p2,p1)); double[] v2 = normalize(cross(difference(p3,p1), difference(p2,p1))); double[] v3 = cross(v1, v2); double[][] M = { { v1[0], v2[0], v3[0], p1[0] }, { v1[1], v2[1], v3[1], p1[1] }, { v1[2], v2[2], v3[2], p1[2] }, { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 } }; return M; } static double[][] createTransform(double[] A, double[] B, double[] C, double[] P, double[] Q, double[] R) { RealMatrix c = new Array2DRowRealMatrix(makeMatrix(A,B,C)); RealMatrix t = new Array2DRowRealMatrix(makeMatrix(P,Q,R)); return MatrixUtils.inverse(c).multiply(t).getData(); } The blue points are the calculated points. The black lines indicate the offset from the real position.

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• Objective-c Cocos2d moving a sprite

  - by marcg11

  I hope someone knows how to do the following with cocos2d: I want a sprite to move but not in a single line by using [cocosGuy runAction: [CCMoveTo actionWithDuration:1 position:location]]; What I want is the sprite to do some kind of movements that I preestablish. For example in some point i want the sprirte to move for instance up and then down but in a curve. Do I have to do this with flash like this documents says? http://www.cocos2d-iphone.org/wiki/doku.php/prog_guide:animation Does animation in this page means moving sprites or what? thanks

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• Experience formula with javascript

  - by StealingMana

  I'm having trouble working out a formula using this experience curve to get the total exp after each level. I bet its easy and im just over thinking it. maxlvl = 10; increment = 28; baseexp = 100; function calc(){ for (i = 0;i<(maxlvl*increment);i+=increment){ expperlvl = baseexp + i; document.writeln(expperlvl); } } I figured it out. maxlvl=6; base=200; increment=56; function total(){ totalxp= (base*(maxlvl-1))+(increment*(maxlvl-2)*(maxlvl-1)/2); document.write(totalxp); }

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• how many times can i buy swtor credits with Extra 100% Bonus in Father’s Day at swtor2credits?

  - by user46860

  When you buy swtor credits, the most important factor must be the price of swtor credits! how can you get the cheap swtor credits? Big surprise for you: For such a special festival - Father’s Day, swtor2credits made a super promotion for all of the swtor players, in the only three days promotion time, you can buy 1600 credits with only $5.04, buy 2000 credits with only $6.30, and 3000k Credits just only need $9.44. The detail time is June 16 to June 18, 2014, 02:00-03:00 a.m. GMT! swtor2credits have been selling at a big loss with so much cheap swtor credits, this is mean 50% off for your order! that is really a crazy super promotion! So may you can not use the 8% disount code and getting double swtor credits at the same time! Everyone has only one chance to get double swtor credits at swtor2credits during our promotion.As long as your order has used extra discount code or voucher, you lose the chance to get exclusive 100% bonus. don't miss the time to buy such cheap swtor credits, like swtor2credits facebook give you more surprise, From May 29, 2014 to June 12.2014.GMT, you can gain Free Cash Coupon, Up to $16 Giveaways for Swtor Credits if you like swtor2credits facebook! http://www.swtor2credits.com/

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