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• Checkers AI Algorithm

  - by John

  I am making an AI for my checkers game and I'm trying to make it as hard as possible. Here is the current criteria for a move on the hardest difficulty: 1: Look For A Block: This is when a piece is being threatened and another piece can be moved in behind it to protect it. Here is an example: Black Moves |W| |W| |W| |W| | | |W| |W| |W| |W| |W| | | |W| |W| | | | | |W| | | | | | | | | |B| | | | | |B| | | |B| |B| |B| |B| |B| |B| | | |B| |B| |B| |B| White Blocks |W| |W| |W| |W| | | |W| | | |W| |W| |W| |W| |W| |W| | | | | |W| | | | | | | | | |B| | | | | |B| | | |B| |B| |B| |B| |B| |B| | | |B| |B| |B| |B| 2: Move pieces out of danger: if any piece is being threatened, and a piece cannot block for that piece, then it will attempt to move out of the way. If the piece cannot move out of the way without still being in danger, the computer ignores the piece. 3: If the computer player owns any kings, it will attempt to 'hunt down' enemy pieces on the board, if no moves can be made that won't in danger the king or any other pieces, the computer ignores this rule. 4: Any piece that is owned by the computer that is in column 1 or 6 will attempt to go to a side. When a piece is in column 0 or 7, it is in a very strategic position because it cannot get captured while it is in either of these columns 5: It makes an educated random move, the move will not indanger the piece that is moving or any piece that is on the board. 6: If none of the above are possible it makes a random move. This question is not really specific to any language but if all examples could be in Java that would be great, considering this app is written in android. Does anyone see any room for improvement in this algorithm? Anything that would make it better at playing checkers?

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• How do i start Game programming in windows phone xna?

  - by Ankit Rathod

  Hello, I am very much interested in Game programming in Xna. However during my college days i did not take Physics or Maths. Does that mean i can't create games in xna? I just know basics of trignometry. Can you all point me to few links where i can learn xna as well as the basic stuff of Maths that is bound to be required in most of the games? Are all game programmers excellent in Maths and Physics ? Thanks in advance :)

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• Away3D & Directional Light w/ Rotating Meshes

  - by seethru

  This is likely a stupid error but I can't seem to find what I've done wrong. I've got a simple scene with 10 cylinders rotating at a default speed. If I grab one of these cylinders I can rotate it in the opposite direction or at a greater speed. I have a single directional light in the scene. It would appear that the directional light is only calculated at initialization and not on further frames. The shadow created by the light rotates with the cylinder giving the impression that the light is rotating when it isn't. Camera & Light Initialization _view = new View3D(); addChild(_view); _view.antiAlias = 4; _view.backgroundColor = 0xFFFFFF; _view.camera.z = -850; _view.camera.y = 0; _view.camera.x = 0; _view.camera.lookAt(new Vector3D()); _view.camera.lens = new PerspectiveLens(15); _view.mousePicker = PickingType.RAYCAST_BEST_HIT; _light = new DirectionalLight(); _light.z = -850; _light.direction = new Vector3D(1, 1, 1); _light.color = 0xFFFFFF; _light.ambient = 0.1; _light.diffuse = 0.7; _view.scene.addChild(_light); Mesh and Material creation var material:TextureMaterial = new TextureMaterial(createPow2Texture(sprite, _colors[i]) , true, false, true); material.animateUVs = true; material.lightPicker = _lightPicker; cylinder = new Mesh(new CylinderGeometry(radius, radius, 13, 70, 1, true, true), material); cylinder.subMeshes[0].scaleU = spriteWidth / sprite.width; cylinder.y = y; cylinder.mouseEnabled = true; cylinder.pickingCollider = PickingColliderType.AS3_BEST_HIT; cylinder.addEventListener(MouseEvent3D.MOUSE_OVER, onMouseOverMesh); cylinder.addEventListener(MouseEvent3D.MOUSE_MOVE, onMouseOverMesh); cylinder.addEventListener(MouseEvent3D.MOUSE_OUT, onMouseOutMesh); _cylinders.push(cylinder); Frame private function onEnterFrame(event:Event):void { for each (var mesh:Mesh in _cylinders) { if (mesh == _mouseOverMesh) continue; mesh.rotationY += 0.25; } _view.render(); }

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• MD5 vertex skinning problem extending to multi-jointed skeleton (GPU Skinning)

  - by Soapy

  Currently I'm trying to implement GPU skinning in my project. So far I have achieved single joint translation and rotation, and multi-jointed translation. The problem arises when I try to rotate a multi-jointed skeleton. The image above shows the current progress. The left image shows how the model should deform. The middle image shows how it deforms in my project. The right shows a better deform (still not right) inverting a certain value, which I will explain below. The way I get my animation data is by exporting it to the MD5 format (MD5mesh for mesh data and MD5anim for animation data). When I come to parse the animation data, for each frame, I check if the bone has a parent, if not, the data is passed in as is from the MD5anim file. If it does have a parent, I transform the bones position by the parents orientation, and the add this with the parents translation. Then the parent and child orientations get concatenated. This is covered at this website. if (Parent < 0){ ... // Save this data without editing it } else { Math3::vec3 rpos; Math3::quat pq = Parent.Quaternion; Math3::quat pqi(pq); pqi.InvertUnitQuat(); pqi.Normalise(); Math3::quat::RotateVector3(rpos, pq, jv); Math3::vec3 npos(rpos + Parent.Pos); this->Translation = npos; Math3::quat nq = pq * jq; nq.Normalise(); this->Quaternion = nq; } And to achieve the image to the right, all I need to do is to change Math3::quat::RotateVector3(rpos, pq, jv); to Math3::quat::RotateVector3(rpos, pqi, jv);, why is that? And this is my skinning shader. SkinningShader.vert #version 330 core smooth out vec2 vVaryingTexCoords; smooth out vec3 vVaryingNormals; smooth out vec4 vWeightColor; uniform mat4 MV; uniform mat4 MVP; uniform mat4 Pallete[55]; uniform mat4 invBindPose[55]; layout(location = 0) in vec3 vPos; layout(location = 1) in vec2 vTexCoords; layout(location = 2) in vec3 vNormals; layout(location = 3) in int vSkeleton[4]; layout(location = 4) in vec3 vWeight; void main() { vec4 wpos = vec4(vPos, 1.0); vec4 norm = vec4(vNormals, 0.0); vec4 weight = vec4(vWeight, (1.0f-(vWeight[0] + vWeight[1] + vWeight[2]))); normalize(weight); mat4 BoneTransform; for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { if(vSkeleton[i] != -1) { if(i == 0) { // These are interchangable for some reason // BoneTransform = ((invBindPose[vSkeleton[i]] * Pallete[vSkeleton[i]]) * weight[i]); BoneTransform = ((Pallete[vSkeleton[i]] * invBindPose[vSkeleton[i]]) * weight[i]); } else { // These are interchangable for some reason // BoneTransform += ((invBindPose[vSkeleton[i]] * Pallete[vSkeleton[i]]) * weight[i]); BoneTransform += ((Pallete[vSkeleton[i]] * invBindPose[vSkeleton[i]]) * weight[i]); } } } wpos = BoneTransform * wpos; vWeightColor = weight; vVaryingTexCoords = vTexCoords; vVaryingNormals = normalize(vec3(vec4(vNormals, 0.0) * MV)); gl_Position = wpos * MVP; } The Pallete matrices are the matrices calculated using the above code (a rotation and translation matrix get created from the translation and quaternion). The invBindPose matrices are simply the inverted matrices created from the joints in the MD5mesh file. Update 1 I looked at GLM to compare the values I get with my own implementation. They turn out to be exactly the same. So now i'm checking if there's a problem with matrix creation... Update 2 Looked at GLM again to compare matrix creation using quaternions. Turns out that's not the problem either.

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• Having a problem with texturing vertices in WebGL, think parameters are off in the image?

  - by mathacka

  I'm having a problem texturing a simple rectangle in my WebGL program, I have the parameters set as follows: gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, textureImage); I'm using this image: On the properties of this image it says it's 32 bit depth, so that should take care of the gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, and I've tried both gl.RGBA and gl.RGB to see if it's not reading the transparency. It is a 32x32 pixel image, so it's power of 2. And I've tried almost all the combinations of formats and types, but I'm not sure if this is the answer or not. I'm getting these two errors in the chrome console: INVALID_VALUE: texImage2D: invalid image (index):101 WebGL: drawArrays: texture bound to texture unit 0 is not renderable. It maybe non-power-of-2 and have incompatible texture filtering or is not 'texture complete'. Or the texture is Float or Half Float type with linear filtering while OES_float_linear or OES_half_float_linear extension is not enabled. the drawArrays function is simply: "gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 6);" using 6 vertices to make a rectangle.

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• Geometry shader for multiple primitives

  - by Byte56

  How can I create a geometry shader that can handle multiple primitives? For example when creating a geometry shader for triangles, I define a layout like so: layout(triangles) in; layout(triangle_strip, max_vertices=3) out; But if I use this shader then lines or points won't show up. So adding: layout(triangles) in; layout(triangle_strip, max_vertices=3) out; layout(lines) in; layout(line_strip, max_vertices=2) out; The shader will compile and run, but will only render lines (or whatever the last primitive defined is). So how do I define a single geometry shader that will handle multiple types of primitives? Or is that not possible and I need to create multiple shader programs and change shader programs before drawing each type?

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• XNA Easy Storage XBOX 360 High Scores

  - by user1003211

  To followup from a previous query - I need some help with the implementation of easystorage high scores, which is bringing up some errors on the xbox. I get the prompt screen, a savedevice is selected and a file are all created! However the file remains empty, (I've tried prepopulating but still get errors). The full portions of the scoring code can be found here: http://pastebin.com/74v897Yt The current issue in particular is in LoadHighScores() - "There is an error in XML document (0, 0)." under line data = (HighScoreData)serializer.Deserialize(stream); I'm not sure whether this line is correct either: HighScoreData data = new HighScoreData(); public static HighScoreData LoadHighScores(string container, string filename) { HighScoreData data = new HighScoreData(); if (Global.SaveDevice.FileExists(container, filename)) { Global.SaveDevice.Load(container, filename, stream => { File.Open(Global.fileName_options, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Read); try { // Read the data from the file XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(HighScoreData)); data = (HighScoreData)serializer.Deserialize(stream); } finally { // Close the file stream.Close(); // stream.Dispose(); } }); } return (data); } I call: PromptMe(); when the Start button is pressed at the beginning. I call: if (Global.SaveDevice.IsReady){entries = LoadHighScores(HighScoresContainer, HighScoresFilename);} during the menu screen to try and display the highscore screen. I call: SaveHighScore(); when game ends. I've tried altering the struct code to a class but still no luck. Any help greatly appreciated.

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• OpenGL 2D Depth Perception

  - by Stephen James

  This is the first time i have ever commented on a forum about programming, so sorry if I'm not specific enough. Here's my problem: I have a 2D RPG game written in Java using LWJGL. All works fine, but at the moment I'm having trouble deciding what the best way to do depth perception is. So , for example, if the player goes in front of the tree/enemy (lower than the objects y-coordinate) then show the player in front), if the player goes behind the tree/enemy (higher than the objects specific y-coordinate), then show the player behind the object. I have tried writing a block of code to deal with this, and it works quite well for the trees, but not for the enemies yet. Is there a simpler way of doing this in LWJGL that I'm missing? Thanks :)

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• Render 2 images that uses different shaders

  - by Code Vader

  Based on the giawa/nehe tutorials, how can I render 2 images with different shaders. I'm pretty new to OpenGl and shaders so I'm not completely sure whats happening in my code, but I think the shaders that is called last overwrites the first one. private static void OnRenderFrame() { // calculate how much time has elapsed since the last frame watch.Stop(); float deltaTime = (float)watch.ElapsedTicks / System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.Frequency; watch.Restart(); // use the deltaTime to adjust the angle of the cube angle += deltaTime; // set up the OpenGL viewport and clear both the color and depth bits Gl.Viewport(0, 0, width, height); Gl.Clear(ClearBufferMask.ColorBufferBit | ClearBufferMask.DepthBufferBit); // use our shader program and bind the crate texture Gl.UseProgram(program); //<<<<<<<<<<<< TOP PYRAMID // set the transformation of the top_pyramid program["model_matrix"].SetValue(Matrix4.CreateRotationY(angle * rotate_cube)); program["enable_lighting"].SetValue(lighting); // bind the vertex positions, UV coordinates and element array Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(top_pyramid, program, "vertexPosition"); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(top_pyramidNormals, program, "vertexNormal"); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(top_pyramidUV, program, "vertexUV"); Gl.BindBuffer(top_pyramidTrianlges); // draw the textured top_pyramid Gl.DrawElements(BeginMode.Triangles, top_pyramidTrianlges.Count, DrawElementsType.UnsignedInt, IntPtr.Zero); //<<<<<<<<<< CUBE // set the transformation of the cube program["model_matrix"].SetValue(Matrix4.CreateRotationY(angle * rotate_cube)); program["enable_lighting"].SetValue(lighting); // bind the vertex positions, UV coordinates and element array Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(cube, program, "vertexPosition"); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(cubeNormals, program, "vertexNormal"); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(cubeUV, program, "vertexUV"); Gl.BindBuffer(cubeQuads); // draw the textured cube Gl.DrawElements(BeginMode.Quads, cubeQuads.Count, DrawElementsType.UnsignedInt, IntPtr.Zero); //<<<<<<<<<<<< BOTTOM PYRAMID // set the transformation of the bottom_pyramid program["model_matrix"].SetValue(Matrix4.CreateRotationY(angle * rotate_cube)); program["enable_lighting"].SetValue(lighting); // bind the vertex positions, UV coordinates and element array Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(bottom_pyramid, program, "vertexPosition"); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(bottom_pyramidNormals, program, "vertexNormal"); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(bottom_pyramidUV, program, "vertexUV"); Gl.BindBuffer(bottom_pyramidTrianlges); // draw the textured bottom_pyramid Gl.DrawElements(BeginMode.Triangles, bottom_pyramidTrianlges.Count, DrawElementsType.UnsignedInt, IntPtr.Zero); //<<<<<<<<<<<<< STAR Gl.Disable(EnableCap.DepthTest); Gl.Enable(EnableCap.Blend); Gl.BlendFunc(BlendingFactorSrc.SrcAlpha, BlendingFactorDest.One); Gl.BindTexture(starTexture); //calculate the camera position using some fancy polar co-ordinates Vector3 position = 20 * new Vector3(Math.Cos(phi) * Math.Sin(theta), Math.Cos(theta), Math.Sin(phi) * Math.Sin(theta)); Vector3 upVector = ((theta % (Math.PI * 2)) > Math.PI) ? Vector3.Up : Vector3.Down; program_2["view_matrix"].SetValue(Matrix4.LookAt(position, Vector3.Zero, upVector)); // make sure the shader program and texture are being used Gl.UseProgram(program_2); // loop through the stars, drawing each one for (int i = 0; i < stars.Count; i++) { // set the position and color of this star program_2["model_matrix"].SetValue(Matrix4.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(stars[i].dist, 0, 0)) * Matrix4.CreateRotationZ(stars[i].angle)); program_2["color"].SetValue(stars[i].color); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(star, program_2, "vertexPosition"); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(starUV, program_2, "vertexUV"); Gl.BindBuffer(starQuads); Gl.DrawElements(BeginMode.Quads, starQuads.Count, DrawElementsType.UnsignedInt, IntPtr.Zero); // update the position of the star stars[i].angle += (float)i / stars.Count * deltaTime * 2 * rotate_stars; stars[i].dist -= 0.2f * deltaTime * rotate_stars; // if we've reached the center then move this star outwards and give it a new color if (stars[i].dist < 0f) { stars[i].dist += 5f; stars[i].color = new Vector3(generator.NextDouble(), generator.NextDouble(), generator.NextDouble()); } } Glut.glutSwapBuffers(); } The same goes for the textures, whichever one I mention last gets applied to both object?

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• OpenGL 2D Depth Perception

  - by Stephen James

  I have a 2D RPG game written in Java using LWJGL. All works fine, but at the moment I'm having trouble deciding what the best way to do depth perception is. So , for example, if the player goes in front of the tree/enemy (lower than the objects y-coordinate) then show the player in front), if the player goes behind the tree/enemy (higher than the objects specific y-coordinate), then show the player behind the object. I have tried writing a block of code to deal with this, and it works quite well for the trees, but not for the enemies yet. Is there a simpler way of doing this in LWJGL that I'm missing?

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• ParticleSystem in Slick2d (with MarteEngine)

  - by Bro Kevin D.

  First of all, sorry if this sounds very newbie-ish. I'm stuck at making a ParticleSystem I made using Pedigree to work in my game. It's basically an explosion that I want to display whenever an enemy dies. The ParticleSystem has two emitters, smoke and explosion I tried putting it in my Enemy (extends Entity) class Enemy extends Entity class @Override public void update(GameContainer gc, int delta) throws SlickException { super.update(gc, delta); /** bunch of codes */ explosionSystem.update(delta); } @Override public void render(GameContainer gc, Graphics gfx) throws SlickException { super.render(gc, gfx); if(isDestroyed) { explosionSystem.render(x,y); if(explosionSystem.getEmitter(1).completed()) { this.destroy(); } } } And it does not render. I'm not sure if this is the proper way of implementing it, as I've considered creating an Entity to serve as controller for all the Enemies. Right now, I'm just adding enemies every second. So how do I render the ParticleSystem when the enemy dies? If anyone can point me to the right direction. Thank you for your time.

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• How to create a fountain in UDK

  - by user36425

  I'm trying to make a fountain in my level in UDK, I made the base of the fountain by using a Cylinder build and now I'm trying to put water in it. I went to use the fluidSurfaceActor but I notice that this is square but my fountain is a cylinder. Is there a way that I can change the shape of the fluidSurfaceActor to fit the builder brush shape or is there another way to do this? Or is it hopeless and I have to make my fountain into a cube? Here is a link/picture to the screenprint of what I'm talking about:

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• Different methods of ammo resupply

  - by Chris Mantle

  I'm writing a small game at the moment. Presently, I have one or two design elements that aren't locked down yet, and I wanted to ask for input on one of these. For dramatic effect, the player's character in my game is immobilised, alone and has a supposedly limited amount of ammo for their weapons. However, I would like to periodically resupply the player with ammo (for the purpose of balancing the level of difficulty and to allow the player to continue if they're doing well). I'm trying to think of a method of resupply that's different to the more familiar strategies of making ammo magically appear or having the antagonists drop some when they die. I'd like to emphasise the notion of the player's isolation as much as possible, and finding a way of 'sneaking' ammo to the player without removing too much of that emphasis is basically what I'm trying to think of (it's definitely a valid argument that resupplying the player removes it anyway) I have considered a sort of simple in-game 'store', where kills get you points that you can spend on ammo for your favourite weapon. This might work well, and may also be good for supporting a simple micro-transaction business model within the game. However, you'd have to pause the game often to make purchases, which would interrupt the action, and it works against the notion of isolation. Any thoughts?

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• XNA 2D line-of-sight check

  - by bionicOnion

  I'm working on a top-down shooter in XNA, and I need to implement line-of-sight checking. I've come up with a solution that seems to work, but I get the nagging feeling that it won't be efficient enough to do every frame for multiple calls (the game already hiccups slightly at about 10 calls per frame). The code is below, but my general plan was to create a series of rectangles with a width and height of zero to act as points along the sight line, and then check to see if any of these rectangles intersects a ClutterObject (an interface I defined for things like walls or other obstacles) after first screening for any that can't possibly be in the line of sight (i.e. behind the viewer) or are too far away (a concession I made for efficiency). public static bool LOSCheck(Vector2 pos1, Vector2 pos2) { Vector2 currentPos = pos1; Vector2 perMove = (pos2 - pos1); perMove.Normalize(); HashSet<ClutterObject> clutter = new HashSet<ClutterObject>(); foreach (Room r in map.GetRooms()) { if (r != null) { foreach (ClutterObject c in r.GetClutter()) { if (c != null &&!(c.GetRectangle().X * perMove.X < 0) && !(c.GetRectangle().Y * perMove.Y < 0)) { Vector2 cVector = new Vector2(c.GetRectangle().X, c.GetRectangle().Y); if ((cVector - pos1).Length() < 1500) clutter.Add(c); } } } } while (currentPos != pos2 && ((currentPos - pos1).Length() < 1500)) { Rectangle position = new Rectangle((int)currentPos.X, (int)currentPos.Y, 0, 0); foreach (ClutterObject c in clutter) { if (position.Intersects(c.GetRectangle())) return false; } currentPos += perMove; } return true; } I'm sure that there's a better way to do this (or at least a way to make this method more efficient), but I'm not too used to XNA yet, so I figured it couldn't hurt to bring it here. At the very least, is there an efficient to determine which objects may be in front of the viewer with greater precision than the rather broad 90 degree window I've given myself?

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• 2D Selective Gaussian Blur

  - by Joshua Thomas

  I am attempting to use Gaussian blur on a 2D platform game, selectively blurring specific types of platforms with different amounts. I am currently just messing around with simple test code, trying to get it to work correctly. What I need to eventually do is create three separate render targets, leave one normal, blur one slightly, and blur the last heavily, then recombine on the screen. Where I am now is I have successfully drawn into a new render target and performed the gaussian blur on it, but when I draw it back to the screen everything is purple aside from the platforms I drew to the target. This is my .fx file: #define RADIUS 7 #define KERNEL_SIZE (RADIUS * 2 + 1) //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Globals. //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- float weights[KERNEL_SIZE]; float2 offsets[KERNEL_SIZE]; //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Textures. //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- texture colorMapTexture; sampler2D colorMap = sampler_state { Texture = <colorMapTexture>; MipFilter = Linear; MinFilter = Linear; MagFilter = Linear; }; //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Pixel Shaders. //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- float4 PS_GaussianBlur(float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD) : COLOR0 { float4 color = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); for (int i = 0; i < KERNEL_SIZE; ++i) color += tex2D(colorMap, texCoord + offsets[i]) * weights[i]; return color; } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Techniques. //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- technique GaussianBlur { pass { PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 PS_GaussianBlur(); } } This is the code I'm using for the gaussian blur: public Texture2D PerformGaussianBlur(Texture2D srcTexture, RenderTarget2D renderTarget1, RenderTarget2D renderTarget2, SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { if (effect == null) throw new InvalidOperationException("GaussianBlur.fx effect not loaded."); Texture2D outputTexture = null; Rectangle srcRect = new Rectangle(0, 0, srcTexture.Width, srcTexture.Height); Rectangle destRect1 = new Rectangle(0, 0, renderTarget1.Width, renderTarget1.Height); Rectangle destRect2 = new Rectangle(0, 0, renderTarget2.Width, renderTarget2.Height); // Perform horizontal Gaussian blur. game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget1); effect.CurrentTechnique = effect.Techniques["GaussianBlur"]; effect.Parameters["weights"].SetValue(kernel); effect.Parameters["colorMapTexture"].SetValue(srcTexture); effect.Parameters["offsets"].SetValue(offsetsHoriz); spriteBatch.Begin(0, BlendState.Opaque, null, null, null, effect); spriteBatch.Draw(srcTexture, destRect1, Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); // Perform vertical Gaussian blur. game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget2); outputTexture = (Texture2D)renderTarget1; effect.Parameters["colorMapTexture"].SetValue(outputTexture); effect.Parameters["offsets"].SetValue(offsetsVert); spriteBatch.Begin(0, BlendState.Opaque, null, null, null, effect); spriteBatch.Draw(outputTexture, destRect2, Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); // Return the Gaussian blurred texture. game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); outputTexture = (Texture2D)renderTarget2; return outputTexture; } And this is the draw method affected: public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { device.SetRenderTarget(maxBlur); spriteBatch.Begin(); foreach (Brick brick in blueBricks) brick.Draw(spriteBatch); spriteBatch.End(); blue = gBlur.PerformGaussianBlur((Texture2D) maxBlur, helperTarget, maxBlur, spriteBatch); spriteBatch.Begin(); device.SetRenderTarget(null); foreach (Brick brick in redBricks) brick.Draw(spriteBatch); foreach (Brick brick in greenBricks) brick.Draw(spriteBatch); spriteBatch.Draw(blue, new Rectangle(0, 0, blue.Width, blue.Height), Color.White); foreach (Brick brick in purpleBricks) brick.Draw(spriteBatch); spriteBatch.End(); } I'm sorry about the massive brick of text and images(or not....new user, I tried, it said no), but I wanted to get my problem across clearly as I have been searching for an answer to this for quite a while now. As a side note, I have seen the bloom sample. Very well commented, but overly complicated since it deals in 3D; I was unable to take what I needed to learn form it. Thanks for any and all help.

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• Blending textures together, texture fade over / fade in

  - by Deukalion

  What is the best way to render a texture overlapping effect? Like in this example: I want either the grass to fade in to the snow texture, or the other way around. No rough edges. Somehow make them blend over. So the grass has a bit of snow or the snow has a bit of grass How is this possible during runtime? If that's possible. I don't render this by using the SpriteBatch, since the ground isn't rectangles (they can be moved). This is the way I render each shape (each one of those squares): // LoadTexture // Apply EffectPass device.DrawUserIndexedPrimitives<VertexPositionNormalTexture> ( PrimitiveType.TriangleList, render.Item.Points, // Array of VertexPositionNormalTexture 0, render.Item.Points.Length, render.Item.Indexes, // Array of int indexes (triangulation) 0, render.Item.Indexes.Length / 3, VertexPositionNormalTexture.VertexDeclaration );

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• how to create 2D collision detection

  - by Aidan Mueller

  I would like to know the best or most effective way to test for 2D collision. I also can do AABBs but when you have a line, for example, that is rotated 45º, and it is really long. it will be hitting things when it shouldn't. I might be able to go through the pixels to see if they are touching others, but that might be slow if I had a big picture. and it might add some complications if I had a movie clip made of several images. How do I check collision between two Images? How would I do circle to box? Please help : ) PS: I do know java so you can write with java syntax and then use a made up GL

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• How to fix OpenGL Co-ordinate System in SFML?

  - by Marc Alexander Reed

  My OpenGL setup is somehow configured to work like so: (-1, 1) (0, 1) (1, 1) (-1, 0) (0, 0) (1, 0) (-1, -1) (0, -1) (1, -1) How do I configure it so that it works like so: (0, 0) (SW/2, 0) (SW, 0) (0, SH/2) (SW/2, SH/2) (SW, SH/2) (0, SH) (SW/2, SH) (SW/2, SH) SW as Screen Width. SH as Screen Height. This solution would have to fix the problem of I can't translate significantly(1) on the Z axis. Depth doesn't seem to be working either. The Perspective code I'm using is that of my WORKING GLUT OpenGL code which has a cool 3d grid and camera system etc. But my OpenGL setup doesn't seem to work with SFML. Help me guys. :( Thanks in advance. :) #include <SFML/Window.hpp> #include <SFML/Graphics.hpp> #include <SFML/Audio.hpp> #include <SFML/Network.hpp> #include <SFML/OpenGL.hpp> #include "ResourcePath.hpp" //Mac-only #define _USE_MATH_DEFINES #include <cmath> double screen_width = 640.f; double screen_height = 480.f; int main (int argc, const char **argv) { sf::ContextSettings settings; settings.depthBits = 24; settings.stencilBits = 8; settings.antialiasingLevel = 2; sf::Window window(sf::VideoMode(screen_width, screen_height, 32), "SFML OpenGL", sf::Style::Close, settings); window.setActive(); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE); glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL); glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); glViewport(0, 0, screen_width, screen_height); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); //glOrtho(0.0f, screen_width, screen_height, 0.0f, -100.0f, 100.0f); gluPerspective(45.0f, (double) screen_width / (double) screen_height , 0.f, 100.f); glClearColor(0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f); //blue while (window.isOpen()) { sf::Event event; while (window.pollEvent(event)) { switch (event.type) { case sf::Event::Closed: window.close(); break; } switch (event.key.code) { case sf::Keyboard::Escape: window.close(); break; case 'W': break; case 'S': break; case 'A': break; case 'D': break; } } glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); glTranslatef(0.f, 0.f, 0.f); glPushMatrix(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glColor3f(1.f, 0.f, 0.f); glVertex3f(-1.f, 1.f, 0.f); glColor3f(0.f, 1.f, 0.f); glVertex3f(1.f, 1.f, 0.f); glColor3f(1.f, 0.f, 1.f); glVertex3f(1.f, -1.f, 0.f); glColor3f(0.f, 0.f, 1.f); glVertex3f(-1.f, -1.f, 0.f); glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); window.display(); } return EXIT_SUCCESS; }

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• How to raycast select a scaled OBB?

  - by user3254944

  I have the OBB picking code to select an OBB with code inspired from Real time Rendering 3 and opengl-tutorial.org. I can successfully select objects that have been moved or rotated. However, I cant correctly select an object that has been scaled. The bounding box scales right, but the I can only select the object in a thin strip on its center. How do I fix the checkForHits() function to allow it to read the scaling that I passed to it in the raycast matrix? void GLWidget::selectObjRaycast() { glm::vec2 mouse = (glm::vec2(mousePos.x(), mousePos.y()) / glm::vec2(this->width(), this->height())) * 2.0f - 1.0f; mouse.y *= -1; glm::mat4 toWorld = glm::inverse(ProjectionM * ViewM); glm::vec4 from = toWorld * glm::vec4(mouse, -1.0f, 1.0f); glm::vec4 to = toWorld * glm::vec4(mouse, 1.0f, 1.0f); from /= from.w; to /= to.w; fromAABB = glm::vec3(from); toAABB = glm::normalize(glm::vec3(to - from)); checkForHits(); } void GLWidget::checkForHits() { for (int i = 0; i < myWin.myEtc->allObj.size(); ++i) //check for hits on each obj's bb { bool miss = 0; float tMin = 0.0f; float tMax = 100000.0f; glm::vec3 bbPos(myWin.myEtc->allObj[i]->raycastM[3].x, myWin.myEtc->allObj[i]->raycastM[3].y, myWin.myEtc->allObj[i]->raycastM[3].z); glm::vec3 delta = bbPos - fromAABB; for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) { glm::vec3 axis(myWin.myEtc->allObj[i]->raycastM[j].x, myWin.myEtc->allObj[i]->raycastM[j].y, myWin.myEtc->allObj[i]->raycastM[j].z); float e = glm::dot(axis, delta); float f = glm::dot(toAABB, axis); if (fabs(f) > 0.001f) { float t1 = (e + myWin.myEtc->allObj[i]->bbMin[j]) / f; float t2 = (e + myWin.myEtc->allObj[i]->bbMax[j]) / f; if (t1 > t2) { float w = t1; t1 = t2; t2 = w; } if (t2 < tMax) tMax = t2; if (t1 > tMin) tMin = t1; if (tMax < tMin) miss = 1; } else { if (-e + myWin.myEtc->allObj[i]->bbMin[j] > 0.0f || -e + myWin.myEtc->allObj[i]->bbMax[j] < 0.0f) miss = 1; } } if (miss == 0) { intersection_distance = tMin; myWin.myEtc->sel.push_back(myWin.myEtc->allObj[i]); myWin.myEtc->allObj[i]->highlight = myWin.myGLHelp->highlight; break; } } } void Object::render(glm::mat4 PV) { scaleM = glm::scale(glm::mat4(), s->val_3); r_quat = glm::quat(glm::radians(r->val_3)); rotationM = glm::toMat4(r_quat); translationM = glm::translate(glm::mat4(), t->val_3); transLocal1M = glm::translate(glm::mat4(), -rsPivot->val_3); transLocal2M = glm::translate(glm::mat4(), rsPivot->val_3); raycastM = translationM * transLocal2M * rotationM * scaleM * transLocal1M; // MVP = PV * translationM * transLocal2M * rotationM * scaleM * transLocal1M; }

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• Index out of bounds, Java bukkit plugin

  - by Robby Duke

  I'm getting index out of bounds errors in my Bukkit plugin, and it's really beginning to piss me off... I for the life of me can't figure this issue out! Caused by: java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException: Index: 1, Size: 1 This is where I believe the code to be erroring... for(int i = 0; i <= staffOnline.size(); i++) { if(i == staffOnline.size()) { staffList = staffList + staffOnline.get(i); } else { staffList = staffList + staffOnline.get(i) + ", "; } }

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• Encode two integers into colour values and compare them in a HLSL shader

  - by Ben Slinger

  I am writing a 2D point and click adventure game in Monogame, and I'd like to be able to create an image mask for every room which defines which parts of the background a character can walk behind, and at which Y value a character needs to be at for the background to be drawn above the character. I haven't done any shader work before but after doing some reading I thought the following solution should work: Create a mask for the room with different walk behind areas painted in a colour that defines the baseline Y value (Walk Behind Mask) Render all objects to a RenderTarget2D (Base Texture) Render all objects to a different RenderTarget2D, but changing every pixel of each object to a colour that defines its Y value (Position Mask) Pass these two textures plus the image mask into the shader, and for each pixel compare the colour of the image mask to the colour of the Position Mask to the Walk Behind Mask - if the Position Mask pixel is larger (thus lower on the screen and closer to the camera) than the Walk Behind Mask, draw the pixel from the Base Texture, otherwise draw a transparent pixel (allowing the background to show through). I've got it mostly working, but I'm having trouble packing and unpacking the Y values into colours and retrieving them correctly in the shader. Here are some code examples of how I'm doing it so far: (When drawing to the Position Mask RenderTarget2D) Color posColor = new Color(((int)Position.Y >> 16) & 255, ((int)Position.Y >> 8) & 255, (int)Position.Y & 255); So as far as I can tell, this should be taking the first 3 bytes of the position integer and encoding them into a 4 byte colour (ignoring the alpha as the 4th byte). This seems to work fine, as when my character is at Y = 600, the resulting Color from this is: {[Color: R=0, G=2, B=88, A=255, PackedValue=4283957760]}. I then have an area in my Walk Behind Mask that I only want the character to be displayed behind if his Y value is lower than 655, so I've painted it with R=0, G=2, B=143, A=255. Now, I think I have the shader OK as well, here's what I have: sampler BaseTexture : register(s0); sampler MaskTexture : register(s1); sampler PositionTexture : register(s2); float4 mask( float2 coords : TEXCOORD0 ) : COLOR0 { float4 color = tex2D(BaseTexture, coords); float4 maskColor = tex2D(MaskTexture, coords); float4 positionColor = tex2D(PositionTexture, coords); float maskCompare = (maskColor.r * pow(2,24)) + (maskColor.g * pow(2,16)) + (maskColor.b * pow(2,8)); float positionCompare = (positionColor.r * pow(2,24)) + (positionColor.g * pow(2,16)) + (positionColor.b * pow(2,8)); return positionCompare < maskCompare ? float4(0,0,0,0) : color; } technique Technique1 { pass NoEffect { PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 mask(); } } This isn't working, however - currently all characters are displayed behind the walk behind area, regardless of their Y value. I tried printing out some debug info by grabbing the pixel from both the Position Mask and the Walk Under Mask under the current mouse position, and it seems like maybe the colours aren't being rendered to the Position Mask correctly? When calculating the colour in that code above I'm getting R=0, G=2, B=88, A=255, but when I mouseover my character I get R=0, G=0, B=30, A=255. Any ideas what I'm doing wrong? It seems like maybe I'm losing some information when rendering to the RenderTarget2D, but I'm now knowledgeable enough to figure out what's happening. Also, I should probably ask, is this an efficient way to do this? Will there be a performance impact? Edit: Whoops, turns out there was a bug that I'd introduced myself, I was drawing out the Position Mask with the position Color, left over from some early testing I was doing. So this solution is working perfectly, though I'm still interested in whether this is an efficient solution performance wise.

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• Best way to Draw a cube for 3D Picking on a specific face

  - by Kenneth Bray

  Currently I am drawing a cube for a game that I am making and the cube draw method is below. My question is, what is the best way to draw a cube and to be able to easily find the face that the cursor is over? My draw method works just fine, but I am getting ready to start to add picking (this will be used to mold the cubes into other shaps), and would like to know the best way to find a face of the cube. public void Draw() { // center point posX, posY, posZ float radius = size / 2; //top glPushMatrix(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); { glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); // red glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY + radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY + radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY + radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY + radius, posZ + radius); } glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); //bottom glPushMatrix(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); { glColor3f(1.0f,1.0f,0.0f); // ?? color glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY - radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY - radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY - radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY - radius, posZ - radius); } glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); //right side glPushMatrix(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); { glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,1.0f); // ?? color glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY + radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY - radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY - radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY + radius, posZ - radius); } glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); //left side glPushMatrix(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); { glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,1.0f); // ?? color glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY + radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY - radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY - radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY + radius, posZ + radius); } glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); //front side glPushMatrix(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); { glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); // blue glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY + radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY + radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY - radius, posZ + radius); glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY - radius, posZ + radius); } glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); //back side glPushMatrix(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); { glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f); // green glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY - radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY - radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX - radius, posY + radius, posZ - radius); glVertex3f(posX + radius, posY + radius, posZ - radius); } glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); }

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• Best memory allocation strategy for iOS ?

  - by Mr.Gando

  Hey guys, I'm debating myself about memory allocation on iOS. I write most of my code in C++ and I really like using ObjectPools, FreeLists, etc. In order to pre-allocate a lot of the stuff that I'll be constantly "alloc/dealloc" during the course of my game, ( like particles, game entities, etc ). Still on iOS, it's not like we are developing for a console like PSP, where I can know for fact that I'll get a fixed amount of memory. iOS , will issue "memory warnings" when the system needs memory. Does anyone have some suggestions about this ? Is it too serious since the new iPod touch/iPhone 4 are carrying more RAM ? or it's still a big concern ? Thanks!

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• Extract derived 3D scaling from a 3D Sprite to set to a 2D billboard

  - by Bill Kotsias

  I am trying to get the derived position and scaling of a 3D Sprite and set them to a 2D Sprite. I have managed to do the first part like this: var p:Point = sprite3d.local3DToGlobal(new Vector3D(0,0,0)); billboard.x = p.x; billboard.y = p.y; But I can't get the scaling part correctly. I am trying this: var mat:Matrix3D = sprite3d.transform.getRelativeMatrix3D(stage); // get derived matrix(?) var scaleV:Vector3D = mat.decompose()[2]; // get scaling vector from derived matrix var scale:Number = scaleV.length; billboard.scaleX = scale; billboard.scaleY = scale; ...but the result is apparently wrong. PS. One might ask what I am trying to achieve. I am trying to create "billboard" 3D sprites, i.e. sprites which are affected by all 3D transformations except rotations, thus they always face the "camera".

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• How can I estimate cost of creating tile-set similar to HoM&M 2?

  - by Alexey Petrushin

  How to estimate cost of creating tile-set similar to HoM&M 2? I'm mostly interested in the tile-set graphics only, no animation needed, the big images of town and creatures can be done as quick and dirty pensil sketches. The quality of tiles and its amount should be roughly the same as in HoM&M 2. Can You please give a rough estimate how much it will take man-hours and how much will it cost?

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