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• How can I fix these errors with Panda3D's sample projects?

  - by lhk

  I just installed the latest Panda3D packages on a Mint 12 32-bit virtual machine. Then I downloaded and configured Eclipse and tried to run the Asteroids sample project. The window is created properly. But after rendering the scence once the game freezes. This happens with the other sample apps, too. Here's the error log: DirectStart: Starting the game. Known pipe types: glxGraphicsPipe (all display modules loaded.) :display:gsg:glgsg(warning): Occlusion queries advertised as supported by OpenGL runtime, but could not get pointers to extension functions. OpenGL Warning: glXChooseFBConfig returning NULL, due to attrib=0x6, next=0xffffffff :display:glxdisplay(warning): No suitable FBConfig contexts available; using XVisual only. depth_bits=16 color_bits=24 alpha_bits=8 stencil_bits=8 accum_bits=64 back_buffers=1 stereo=1 force_hardware=1 AL lib: pulseaudio.c:331: PulseAudio returned minreq > tlength/2; expect break up :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 5703 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4654 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4654 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 5703 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 3057 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 3057 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant OpenGL Warning: No pincher, please call crStateSetCurrentPointers() in your SPU :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 5703 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 5703 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 3661 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 3661 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 5703 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display(error): Deactivating glxGraphicsStateGuardian. What can I do to fix the problem ?

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• Implement 2x speed in tower of defense type game

  - by Siddharth

  I was currently developing tower of defense game and I want to implement 2x feature for my game. Game usually run with 1x speed that was normal speed of the game. Here what 1x and 2x mean : 1x - mention normal speed of the game, 2x - mention the game object moves with double speed means user experience the fast game play. I want to implement such functionality for my game. The functionality that I want contains in the game Medieval Castle game that was available in the market. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nova.root&feature=search_result#?t=W251bGwsMSwxLDEsImNvbS5ub3ZhLnJvb3QiXQ.. The screen shot also shows the 1x and 2x button in that game. I think for 2x speed of the game I have to increase the speed of each object that were in the game. So any member please help what to do for that implementation. Only idea become enough for me.

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• Algorithm for approximating sihlouette image as polygon

  - by jack

  I want to be able to analyze a texture in real time and approximate a polygon to represent a silhouette. Imagine a person standing in front of a green screen and I want to approximately trace around their outline and get a 2D polygon as the result. Are there algorithms to do this and are they fast enough to work frame-to-frame in a game? (I have found algorithms to triangulate polygons, but I am having trouble knowing what to search for that describes my goal.)

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• OpenGL 2.1+ Render with data returned form assimp library

  - by Bình Nguyên

  I have just readed this tutorial about load a 3D model file: http://www.lighthouse3d.com/cg-topics/code-samples/importing-3d-models-with-assimp/#comment-14551. Its render routine uses a recursive_render function to scan all node. My question: What is a aiNode struct store? What different form this method and above method: for (int i=0; imNumMesh; ++i) { draw scene-mMeshes[i]; } Thanks for reading!

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• Rain effect looks like snowfall effect?

  - by Nikhil Lamba

  i am making a game in that game i want rain effect i am little bit far from this right now i am doing like below particleSystem.addParticleInitializer(new ColorInitializer(1, 1, 1)); particleSystem.addParticleInitializer(new AlphaInitializer(0)); particleSystem.setBlendFunction(GL10.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL10.GL_ONE); particleSystem.addParticleInitializer(new VelocityInitializer(2, 2, 20, 10)); particleSystem.addParticleInitializer(new RotationInitializer(0.0f, 30.0f)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new ScaleModifier(1.0f, 2.0f, 0, 150)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new ColorModifier(1, 1, 1, 1f, 1, 1, 1, 3)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new ColorModifier(1, 1, 1f, 1, 1, 1, 1, 6)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new AlphaModifier(0, 1, 0, 3)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new AlphaModifier(1, 0, 1, 125)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new ExpireModifier(50, 50)); scene.attachChild(particleSystem); But its looks like snowfall effect what changes i can do for make it rain effect please correct me EDIT : here is link for snapshot http://i.imgur.com/bRIMP.png

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• Game actions that take multiple frames to complete

  - by CantTetris

  I've never really done much game programming before, pretty straightforward question. Imagine I'm building a Tetris game, with the main loop looking something like this. for every frame handle input if it's time to make the current block move down a row if we can move the block move the block else remove all complete rows move rows down so there are no gaps if we can spawn a new block spawn a new current block else game over Everything in the game so far happens instantly - things are spawned instantly, rows are removed instantly etc. But what if I don't want things to happen instantly (i.e animate things)? for every frame handle input if it's time to make the current block move down a row if we can move the block move the block else ?? animate complete rows disappearing (somehow, wait over multiple frames until the animation is done) ?? animate rows moving downwards (and again, wait over multiple frames) if we can spawn a new block spawn a new current block else game over In my Pong clone this wasn't an issue, as every frame I was just moving the ball and checking for collisions. How can I wrap my head around this issue? Surely most games involves some action that takes more than a frame, and other things halt until the action is done.

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• OpenGL ES Basic Fragment Shader help with transparency

  - by Chris

  I have just spent my first half hour playing with the shader language. I have modified the basic program I have which renders the texture, to allow me to colour the texture. varying vec2 texCoord; uniform sampler2D texSampler; /* Given the texture coordinates, our pixel shader grabs the corresponding * color from the texture. */ void main() { //gl_FragColor = texture2D(texSampler, texCoord); gl_FragColor = vec4(0,1,0,1)*vec4(texture2D(texSampler,texCoord).xyz,1); } I have noticed how this affects my transparent textures, and I believe I am loosing the alpha channel which would explain why previously transparent area's appear totally black. If I use the following line instead, I am shown the transparent area's gl_FragColor = vec4(0,1,0,1)*vec4(texture2D(texSampler,texCoord).aaa,1); How can I retain the transparency after this modification to the colour? I have seen various things about a .w property, and also luminous, but my tweaks with those and the .aaa property are not working XD

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• For normal mapping, why can we not simply add the tangent normal to the surface normal?

  - by sebf

  I am looking at implementing bump mapping (which in all implementations I have seen is really normal mapping), and so far all I have read says that to do this, we create a matrix to convert from world-space to tangent-space, in order to transform the lights and eye direction vectors into tangent space, so that the vectors from the normal map may be used directly in place of those passed through from the vertex shader. What I do not understand though, is why we cannot just use the normalised sum of the sampled-normal vector, and the surface-normal? (assuming we already transform and pass through the surface normal for the existing lighting functions) Take the diagram below; the normal is simply the deviation from the 'reference normal' for any given coordinate system, correct? And transforming the surface normal of a mapped surface from world space to tangent space makes it equivalent to the tangent space 'reference normal', no? If so, why do we transform all lighting vectors into tangent space, instead of simply transforming the sampled tangent once in the pixel shader?

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• Fastest way to group units that can see each other?

  - by mac

  In the 2D game I'm working with, the game engine is able to give me, for each unit, the list of other units that are in its view range. I would like to know if there is an established algorithm to sort the units in groups, where each group would be defined by all those units which are "connected" to each other (even through others). An example might help understand the question better (E=enemy, O=own unit). First the data that I would get from the game engine: E1 can see E2, E3, O5 E2 can see E1 E3 can see E1 E4 can see O5 E5 can see O2 E6 can see E7, O9, O1 E7 can see E6 O1 can see E6 O2 can see O5, E5 O5 can see E1, E4, O2 O9 can see E6 Then I should compute the groups as follow: G1 = E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, O2, O5 G2 = O1, O9, E6, E7 It can be safely assumed that there is a transitive property for the field of view: [if A sees B, then B sees A]. Just to clarify: I already wrote a naïve implementation that loops on each row of the game engine info, but from the look of it, it seems a problem general enough for it to have been studied in depth and have various established algorithms (maybe passing through some tree-like structure?). My problem is that I couldn't find a way to describe my problem that returned useful google hits. Thank you in advance for your help!

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• LWJGL texture bleeding fix won't work

  - by user1990950

  I tried a lot of things to fix texture bleeding, but nothing works. I don't want to add a transparent border around my textures, because I already got too many and it would take too much time and I can't do it with code because I'm loading textures with slick. My textures are seperate textures and they seem to wrap on the other side (texture bleeding). Here are the textures that are "bleeding": The head, body, arm and leg are seperate textures. Here's the code I'm using to draw a texture: public static void drawTextureN(Texture texture, Vector2f position, Vector2f translation, Vector2f origin,Vector2f scale,float rotation, Color color, FlipState flipState) { texture.setTextureFilter(GL11.GL_NEAREST); color.bind(); texture.bind(); GL11.glTexParameteri(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL12.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); GL11.glTexParameteri(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL12.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); GL11.glTexParameteri(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL11.GL_NEAREST); GL11.glTexParameteri(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL11.GL_NEAREST); GL11.glTranslatef((int)position.x, (int)position.y, 0); GL11.glTranslatef(-(int)translation.x, -(int)translation.y, 0); GL11.glRotated(rotation, 0f, 0f, 1f); GL11.glScalef(scale.x, scale.y, 1); GL11.glTranslatef(-(int)origin.x, -(int)origin.y, 0); float pixelCorrection = 0f; GL11.glBegin(GL11.GL_QUADS); GL11.glTexCoord2f(0,0); GL11.glVertex2f(0,0); GL11.glTexCoord2f(1,0); GL11.glVertex2f(texture.getTextureWidth(),0); GL11.glTexCoord2f(1,1); GL11.glVertex2f(texture.getTextureWidth(),texture.getTextureHeight()); GL11.glTexCoord2f(0,1); GL11.glVertex2f(0,texture.getTextureHeight()); GL11.glEnd(); GL11.glLoadIdentity(); } I tried a half pixel correction but it didn't make any sense because GL12.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE. I set pixelCorrection to 0, but it still wont work.

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• How much info can I store in a cookie?

  - by Artemix

  Hi guys, Im developing a flash game and I'd like to know how much info can I store in a browser cookie. The game is simple, but it needs to store several variables in order to save all the details of your current progress. The game is only one swf file, no server, no nothing. I need to know how should I use the cookies to achieve this, and if they have the posibility of doing it, of course. (several = 200 variables i.e)

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• converting a mouse click to a ray

  - by Will

  I have a perspective projection. When the user clicks on the screen, I want to compute the ray between the near and far planes that projects from the mouse point, so I can do some ray intersection code with my world. I am using my own matrix and vector and ray classes and they all work as expected. However, when I try and convert the ray to world coordinates my far always ends up as 0,0,0 and so my ray goes from the mouse click to the centre of the object space, rather than through it. (The x and y coordinates of near and far are identical, they differ only in the z coordinates where they are negatives of each other) GLint vp[4]; glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT,vp); matrix_t mv, p; glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX,mv.f); glGetFloatv(GL_PROJECTION_MATRIX,p.f); const matrix_t inv = (mv*p).inverse(); const float unit_x = (2.0f*((float)(x-vp[0])/(vp[2]-vp[0])))-1.0f, unit_y = 1.0f-(2.0f*((float)(y-vp[1])/(vp[3]-vp[1]))); const vec_t near(vec_t(unit_x,unit_y,-1)*inv); const vec_t far(vec_t(unit_x,unit_y,1)*inv); ray = ray_t(near,far-near); What have I got wrong? (How do you unproject the mouse-point?)

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• Keeping Aspect Screen Ratio While Stays in Center

  - by David Dimalanta

  I sqw and I tried this suggestion on PISTACHIO BRAINSTORMIN* on how to make a good and adaptive screen ration. For every different screen size, let's say I put the perfect circle as a Texture in LibGDX and played it on screen. Here's the blueberry image example and it's perfectly rounded: When I played it on the Google Nexus 7, the circle turn into a slightly oblonng shape, resembling as it was being flatten a bit. Please observe this snapshot below and you can see the blueberry is almost but slightly not perfectly rounded: Now, when I tried the suggested code for aspect ratio, the perfect circle retained but another problem is occured. The problem is that I expecting for a view on center but instead it's been moved to the right offset leaving with a half black screen. This would be look like this: Here is my code using the suggested screen aspect ratio code: Class' Field // Ingredients Needed for Screen Aspect Ratio private static final int VIRTUAL_WIDTH = 720; private static final int VIRTUAL_HEIGHT = 1280; private static final float ASPECT_RATIO = ((float) VIRTUAL_WIDTH)/((float) VIRTUAL_HEIGHT); private Camera Mother_Camera; private Rectangle Viewport; render() // Camera updating... Mother_Camera.update(); Mother_Camera.apply(Gdx.gl10); // Reseting viewport... Gdx.gl.glViewport((int) Viewport.x, (int) Viewport.y, (int) Viewport.width, (int) Viewport.height); // Clear previous frame. Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); show() Mother_Camera = new OrthographicCamera(VIRTUAL_WIDTH, VIRTUAL_HEIGHT); Was this code useful for screen aspect ratio-proportion fixing or it is statically dependent on actual device's width and height? *see http://blog.acamara.es/2012/02/05/keep-screen-aspect-ratio-with-different-resolutions-using-libgdx/#comment-317

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• How do you structure a 2D level format with collisions etc. in Java (Slick 2D)?

  - by liamzebedee

  I am developing a game in Java. 2D Fighter, Kind of like the 2d flash game Raze(http://armorgames.com/play/5395/raze). I currently am using the Slick 2D game library and am researching how to structure my levels. I am currently stuck on the problem of the level format(e.g. file format). How do you structure a 2d level with collisions etc.? Level Notes: Will go up down left right NOTE: New to gamedev

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• Collision detection of convex shapes on voxel terrain

  - by Dave

  I have some standard convex shapes (cubes, capsules) on a voxel terrain. It is very easy to detect single vertex collisions. However, it becomes computationally expensive when many vertices are involved. To clarify, currently my algorithm represents a cube as multiple vertices covering every face of the cube, not just the corners. This is because the cubes can be much bigger than the voxels, so multiple sample points (vertices) are required (the distance between sample points must be at least the width of a voxel). This very rapidly becomes intractable. It would be great if there were some standard algorithm(s) for collision detection between convex shapes and arbitrary voxel based terrain (like there is with OBB's and seperating axis theorem etc). Any help much appreciated.

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• Dynamic character animation - Using the physics engine or not

  - by Lex Webb

  I'm planning on building a dynamic reactant animation engine for the characters in my 2D Game. I have already built templates for a skeleton based animation system using key frames and interpolation to specify a limbs position at any given moment in time. I am using Farseer physics (an extension of Box2D) in Monogame/XNA in C# My real question lies in how i go about tying this character animation into the physics engine. I have two options: Moving limbs using physics engine - applying a interpolated force to each limb (dynamic body) in order to attempt to get it to its position as donated by the skeleton animation. Moving limbs by simply changing the position of a fixed body - Updating the new position of each limb manually, attempting to take into account physics collisions. Then stepping the physics after the animation to allow for environment interaction. Each of these methods have their distinct advantages and disadvantages. Physics based movement Advantages: Possibly more natural/realistic movement Better interaction with game objects as force applying to objects colliding with characters would be calculated for me. No need to convert to dynamic bodies when reacting to projectiles/death/fighting. Disadvantages: Possible difficulty in calculating correct amount of force to move a limb a certain distance at a constant rate. Underlying character balance system would need to be created that would need to be robust enough to prevent characters falling over at the touch of a feather. Added code complexity and processing time for the above. Static Object movement Advantages: Easy to interpolate movement of limbs between game steps Moving limbs is as simple as applying a rotation to the skeleton bone. Greater control over limbs, wont need to worry about characters falling over as all animation would be pre-defined. Disadvantages: Possible unnatural movement (Depends entirely on my animation skills!) Bad physics collision reactions with physics engine (Dynamic bodies simply slide out of the way of static objects) Need to calculate collisions with physics objects and my limbs myself and apply directional forces to them. Hard to account for slopes/stairs/non standard planes when animating walking/running animations. Need to convert objects to dynamic when reacting to projectile/fighting/death physics objects. The Question! As you can see, i have thought about this extensively, i have also had Google into physics based animation and have found mostly dissertation papers! Which is filling me with sense that it may a lot more advanced than my mathematics skills. My question is mostly subjective based on my findings above/any experience you may have: Which of the above methods should i use when creating my game? I am willing to spend the time to get a physics solution working if you think it would be possible. In the end i want to provide the most satisfying experience for the gamer, as well as a robust and dynamic system i can use to animate pretty much anything i need.

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• Executing Components in an Entity Component System

  - by John

  Ok so I am just starting to grasp the whole ECS paradigm right now and I need clarification on a few things. For the record, I am trying to develop a game using C++ and OpenGL and I'm relatively new to game programming. First of all, lets say I have an Entity class which may have several components such as a MeshRenderer,Collider etc. From what I have read, I understand that each "system" carries out a specific task such as calculating physics and rendering and may use more that one component if needed. So for example, I would have a MeshRendererSystem act on all entities with a MeshRenderer component. Looking at Unity, I see that each Gameobject has, by default, got components such as a renderer, camera, collider and rigidbody etc. From what I understand, an entity should start out as an empty "container" and should be filled with components to create a certain type of game object. So what I dont understand is how the "system" works in an entity component system. http://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/GameObject.html So I have a GameObject(The Entity) class like class GameObject { public: GameObject(std::string objectName); ~GameObject(void); Component AddComponent(std::string name); Component AddComponent(Component componentType); }; So if I had a GameObject to model a warship and I wanted to add a MeshRenderer component, I would do the following: warship->AddComponent(new MeshRenderer()); In the MeshRenderers constructor, should I call on the MeshRendererSystem and "subscribe" the warship object to this system? In that case, the MeshRendererSystem should probably be a Singleton("shudder"). From looking at unity's GameObject, if each object potentially has a renderer or any of the components in the default GameObject class, then Unity would iterate over all objects available. To me, this seems kind of unnecessary since some objects might not need to be rendered for example. How, in practice, should these systems be implemented?

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• How do walls affect lighting?

  - by Milkboat

  I have been trying to implement a simple form of lighting in my 2D game. In the screenshot, I don't think it looks very good, kind of just plastered over the top of the map. How would the wall effect how the lighting is displayed? Just looking for tips on how to make my lighting look a bit better. Right now I gave each tile a light value and I change that depending on if there is a light source near by. I don't take in account if there are any objects near by. Screenshot:

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• OpenGL font rendering

  - by DEElekgolo

  I am trying to make an openGL text rendering class using FreeType. I was originally following this code but it doesn't seem to work out for me. I get nothing reguardless of what parameters I put for Draw(). class Font { public: Font() { if (FT_Init_FreeType(&ftLibrary)) { printf("Could not initialize FreeType library\n"); return; } glGenBuffers(1,&iVerts); } bool Load(std::string sFont, unsigned int Size = 12.0f) { if (FT_New_Face(ftLibrary,sFont.c_str(),0,&ftFace)) { printf("Could not open font: %s\n",sFont.c_str()); return true; } iSize = Size; FT_Set_Pixel_Sizes(ftFace,0,(int)iSize); FT_GlyphSlot gGlyph = ftFace->glyph; //Generating the texture atlas. //Rather than some amazing rectangular packing method, I'm just going //to have one long strip of letters with the height being that of the font size. int width = 0; int height = 0; for (int i = 32; i < 128; i++) { if (FT_Load_Char(ftFace,i,FT_LOAD_RENDER)) { printf("Error rendering letter %c for font %s.\n",i,sFont.c_str()); } width += gGlyph->bitmap.width; height += std::max(height,gGlyph->bitmap.rows); } //Generate the openGL texture glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); //if I texture exists then delete it. iTexture ? glDeleteBuffers(1,&iTexture):0; glGenTextures(1,&iTexture); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,iTexture); glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT,1); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,GL_ALPHA,width,height,0,GL_ALPHA,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,0); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); //load the glyphs and set the glyph data int x = 0; for (int i = 32; i < 128; i++) { if (FT_Load_Char(ftFace,i,FT_LOAD_RENDER)) { //if it cant load the character continue; } //load the glyph map into the texture glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,x,0, gGlyph->bitmap.width, gGlyph->bitmap.rows, GL_ALPHA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, gGlyph->bitmap.buffer); //move the "pen" down the strip x += gGlyph->bitmap.width; chars[i].ax = (float)(gGlyph->advance.x >> 6); chars[i].ay = (float)(gGlyph->advance.y >> 6); chars[i].bw = (float)gGlyph->bitmap.width; chars[i].bh = (float)gGlyph->bitmap.rows; chars[i].bl = (float)gGlyph->bitmap_left; chars[i].bt = (float)gGlyph->bitmap_top; chars[i].tx = (float)x/width; } printf("Loaded font: %s\n",sFont.c_str()); return true; } void Draw(std::string sString,Vector2f vPos = Vector2f(0,0),Vector2f vScale = Vector2f(1,1)) { struct pPoint { pPoint() { x = y = s = t = 0; } pPoint(float a,float b,float c,float d) { x = a; y = b; s = c; t = d; } float x,y; float s,t; }; pPoint* cCoordinates = new pPoint[6*sString.length()]; int n = 0; for (const char *p = sString.c_str(); *p; p++) { float x2 = vPos.x() + chars[*p].bl * vScale.x(); float y2 = -vPos.y() - chars[*p].bt * vScale.y(); float w = chars[*p].bw * vScale.x(); float h = chars[*p].bh * vScale.y(); float x = vPos.x() + chars[*p].ax * vScale.x(); float y = vPos.y() + chars[*p].ay * vScale.y(); //skip characters with no pixels //still advances though if (!w || !h) { continue; } //triangle one cCoordinates[n++] = pPoint( x2 , -y2 , chars[*p].tx , 0); cCoordinates[n++] = pPoint( x2+w , -y2 , chars[*p].tx + chars[*p].bw / w , 0); cCoordinates[n++] = pPoint( x2 , -y2-h , chars[*p].tx , chars[*p].bh / h); cCoordinates[n++] = pPoint( x2+w , -y2 , chars[*p].tx + chars[*p].bw / w , 0); cCoordinates[n++] = pPoint( x2 , -y2-h , chars[*p].tx , chars[*p].bh / h); cCoordinates[n++] = pPoint( x2+w , -y2-h , chars[*p].tx + chars[*p].bw / w , chars[*p].bh / h); } glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,iVerts); glBindBuffer(GL_TEXTURE_2D,iTexture); //Vertices glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glVertexPointer(2,GL_FLOAT,sizeof(pPoint),&cCoordinates[0].x); //TexCoord 0 glClientActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); glTexCoordPointer(2,GL_FLOAT,sizeof(pPoint),&cCoordinates[0].s); glCullFace(GL_NONE); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,6*sString.length(),cCoordinates,GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES,0,n); glCullFace(GL_BACK); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,0); glBindBuffer(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0); glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glDisableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); } ~Font() { glDeleteBuffers(1,&iVerts); glDeleteBuffers(1,&iTexture); } private: unsigned int iSize; //openGL texture atlas unsigned int iTexture; //openGL geometry buffer; unsigned int iVerts; FT_Library ftLibrary; FT_Face ftFace; struct Character { float ax,ay;//Advance float bw,bh;//bitmap size float bl,bt;//bitmap left and top float tx; } chars[128]; };

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• multipass shadow mapping renderer in XNA

  - by Nick

  I am wanting to implement a multipass renderer in XNA (additive blending combines the contributions from each light). I have the renderer working without any shadows, but when I try to add shadow mapping support I run into an issue with switching render targets to draw the shadow maps. When I switch render targets, I lose the contents of the backbuffer which ruins the whole additive blending idea. For example: Draw() { DrawAmbientLighting() foreach (DirectionalLight) { DrawDirectionalShadowMap() // <-- I lose all previous lighting contributions when I switch to the shadow map render target here DrawDirectionalLighting() } } Is there any way around my issue? (I could render all the shadow maps first, but then I have to make and hold onto a render target for each light that casts a shadow--is this the only way?)

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• Unity3d: calculate the result of a transform without modifying transform object itself

  - by Heisenbug

  I'm in the following situation: I need to move an object in some way, basically rotating it around its parent local position, or translating it in its parent local space (I know how to do this). The amount of rotation and translation is know at runtime (it depends on several factors, the speed of the object, enviroment factors, etc..). The problem is the following: I can perform this transformation only if the result position of the transformed object fit some criterias. An example could be this: the distance between the position before and after the transformation must be less than a given threshold. (Actually the conditions could be several and more complex) The problem is that if I use Transform.Rotate and Transform.Translate methods of my GameObject, I will loose the original Transform values. I think I can't copy the original Transform using instantiate for performance issues. How can I perform such a task? I think I have more or less 2 possibilities: First Don't modify the GameObject position through Transform. Calculate which will be the position after the transform. If the position is legal, modify transform through Translate and Rotate methods Second Store the original transform someway. Transform the object using Translate and Rotate. If the transformed position is illegal, restore the original one.

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• Rotate/Translate object in local space

  - by Mathias Hölzl

  I am just trying to create a movementcontroller class for game entities. These class should transform the entity affected by the mouse and keyboard input. I am able to calculate the changed rotation and the new globalPosition. Then I multiply: newGlobalMatrix = changedRotationMatrix * oldGlobalMatrix; newGlobalMatrix = MatrixSetPosition(newPosition); The problem is that the object rotates around the global axis and not around the local axis. I use XNAMath for the matrix calculation.

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• libgdx rotation (animation, arrays) issues and help needed

  - by johnny-b

  well i am a noob at java and libgdx. i got the homing bullet working with the help of someone. now i am smashing my head as to how i can make it rotate so it faces the ball (which is the main character) when it goes around it or when it is coming towards it. the bullet is facing <--- and the code below is what i have done so far. also i used sprites for the bullet and also animation method. Also how do i make it an array/arraylist which is best so i can have multiple bullets at random or placed places. i tried many things nothing workd :( thank you for the help. // below is the bullet or enemy if you want to call it. public class Bullet extends Sprite { public static final float BULLET_HOMING = 6000; public static final float BULLET_SPEED = 300; private Vector2 velocity; private float lifetime; public Bullet(float x, float y) { velocity = new Vector2(0, 0); setPosition(x, y); } public void update(float delta) { float targetX = GameWorld.getBall().getX(); float targetY = GameWorld.getBall().getY(); float dx = targetX - getX(); float dy = targetY - getY(); float distToTarget = (float) Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy); dx /= distToTarget; dy /= distToTarget; dx *= BULLET_HOMING; dy *= BULLET_HOMING; velocity.x += dx * delta; velocity.y += dy * delta; float vMag = (float) Math.sqrt(velocity.x * velocity.x + velocity.y * velocity.y); velocity.x /= vMag; velocity.y /= vMag; velocity.x *= BULLET_SPEED; velocity.y *= BULLET_SPEED; Vector2 v = velocity.cpy().scl(delta); setPosition(getX() + v.x, getY() + v.y); setOriginCenter(); setRotation(velocity.angle()); lifetime += delta; setRegion(AssetLoader.bulletAnimation.getKeyFrame(lifetime)); } } // this is where i load the images. public class AssetLoader { public static Animation bulletAnimation; public static Sprite bullet1, bullet2; public static void load() { texture = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("SpriteN1.png")); texture.setFilter(TextureFilter.Nearest, TextureFilter.Nearest); bullet1 = new Sprite(texture, 380, 350, 45, 20); bullet1.flip(false, true); bullet2 = new Sprite(texture, 425, 350, 45, 20); bullet2.flip(false, true); Sprite[] bullets = { bullet1, bullet2 }; bulletAnimation = new Animation(0.06f, aims); bulletAnimation.setPlayMode(Animation.PlayMode.LOOP); } public static void dispose() { // We must dispose of the texture when we are finished. texture.dispose(); } // this is for the rendering of the images etc public class GameRenderer { private Bullet bullet; private Ball ball; public GameRenderer(GameWorld world) { myWorld = world; cam = new OrthographicCamera(); cam.setToOrtho(true, 480, 320); batcher = new SpriteBatch(); // Attach batcher to camera batcher.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); shapeRenderer = new ShapeRenderer(); shapeRenderer.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); // Call helper methods to initialize instance variables initGameObjects(); initAssets(); } private void initGameObjects() { ball = GameWorld.getBall(); bullet = myWorld.getBullet(); scroller = myWorld.getScroller(); } private void initAssets() { ballAnimation = AssetLoader.ballAnimation; bulletAnimation = AssetLoader.bulletAnimation; } public void render(float runTime) { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL30.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); batcher.begin(); // Disable transparency // This is good for performance when drawing images that do not require // transparency. batcher.disableBlending(); // The ball needs transparency, so we enable that again. batcher.enableBlending(); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.ballAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), ball.getX(), ball.getY(), ball.getWidth(), ball.getHeight()); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.bulletAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), bullet.getX(), bullet.getY()); // End SpriteBatch batcher.end(); } } // this is to load the image etc on the screen i guess public class GameWorld { public static Ball ball; private Bullet bullet; private ScrollHandler scroller; public GameWorld() { ball = new Ball(480, 273, 32, 32); bullet = new Bullet(10, 10); scroller = new ScrollHandler(0); } public void update(float delta) { ball.update(delta); bullet.update(delta); scroller.update(delta); } public static Ball getBall() { return ball; } public ScrollHandler getScroller() { return scroller; } public Bullet getBullet() { return bullet; } } so there is the whole thing. the images are loaded via the AssetLoader then to the GameRenderer and GameWorld via the Bullet class. i am guessing that is how it is. sorry newbie so still learning. thank you in advace for the help or any advice.

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• Why I'm getting the same result when deleting target?

  - by XNA

  In the following code we use target in the function: moon.mouseEnabled = false; sky0.addChild(moon); addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, onDrag, false, 0, true); addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP, onDrop, false, 0, true); function onDrag(evt:MouseEvent):void { evt.target.addChild(moon); evt.target.startDrag(); } function onDrop(evt:MouseEvent):void { stopDrag(); } But if I rewrite this code without evt.target it still work. So what is the difference, am I going to get errors later in the run time because I didn't put target? If not then why some use target a lot while it works without it. function onDrag(evt:MouseEvent):void { addChild(moon); startDrag(); }

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• Rotate a particle system

  - by Blueski

  Languages / Libraries in use: C++, OpenGL, GLUT Okay, here's the deal. I've got a particle system which shoots out alpha blended textures to produce a flame. The system only keeps track of very basic things such as, time alive, life, xyz and spread. The direction in which the flames are currently moving in is purely based on other things which are going on in my code ( I assume ). My goal however, is to attach the flame to the camera (DONE) and have the flame pointing in the direction my camera is facing (NOT WORKING). I've tried glRotate for both x,y,z and I can't get it to work properly. I'm currently using gluLookAt to move the camera, and get the flame to follow the XYZ of the camera by calling glTranslatef(camX, camY - offset, camZ); Any suggestions on how I can rotate the direction of the flame with the camera would be greatly appreciated. Heres an image of what I've got: http://i.imgur.com/YhV4w.png Notes: Crosshair depicts where camera is facing if I turn the camera, flame doesn't follow the crosshair Also asked here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9560396/rotate-a-particle-system but was referred here

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