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  • Translating an Object to a certain Vector 3 in OpenGL and Java LWJGL

    - by aliasmk
    So after almost two hours, I got the hang of using glTranslated() (with Java and LWJGL). If I am correct, applying glTranslated on an object moves that object with the x,y,z relative to the previously moved object. I believe the correct term for this is local vs global, global being the one I want. I was wondering if there was a way to translate an object to a specific XYZ position, or relative to the origin. Thanks! (Code or other details can be supplied if it helps, just let me know. Also sorry if this is a noob comment, Im very new to OpenGL.)

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  • Robust line of sight test on the inside of a polygon with tolerance

    - by David Gouveia
    Foreword This is a followup to this question and the main problem I'm trying to solve. My current solution is an hack which involves inflating the polygon, and doing most calculations on the inflated polygon instead. My goal is to remove this step completely, and correctly solve the problem with calculations only. Problem Given a concave polygon and treating all of its edges as if they were walls in a level, determine whether two points A and B are in line of sight of each other, while accounting for some degree of floating point errors. I'm currently basing my solution on a series of line-segment interection tests. In other words: If any of the end points are outside the polygon, they are not in line of sight. If both end points are inside the polygon, and the line segment from A to B crosses any of the edges from the polygon, then they are not in line of sight. If both end points are inside the polygon, and the line segment from A to B does not cross any of the edges from the polygon, then they are in line of sight. But the problem is dealing correctly with all the edge cases. In particular, it must be able to deal with all the situations depicted below, where red lines are examples that should be rejected, and green lines are examples that should be accepted. I probably missed a few other situations, such as when the line segment from A to B is colinear with an edge, but one of the end points is outside the polygon. One point of particular interest is the difference between 1 and 9. In both cases, both end points are vertices of the polygon, and there are no edges being intersected, but 1 should be rejected while 9 should be accepted. How to distinguish these two? I could check some middle point within the segment to see if it falls inside or not, but it's easy to come up with situations in which it would fail. Point 7 was also pretty tricky and I had to to treat it as a special case, which checks if two points are adjacent vertices of the polygon directly. But there are also other chances of line segments being col linear with the edges of the polygon, and I'm still not entirely sure how I should handle those cases. Is there any well known solution to this problem?

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  • How do engines avoid "Phase Lock" (multiple objects in same location) in a Physics Engine?

    - by C0M37
    Let me explain Phase Lock first: When two objects of non zero mass occupy the same space but have zero energy (no velocity). Do they bump forever with zero velocity resolution vectors or do they just stay locked together until an outside force interacts? In my home brewed engine, I realized that if I loaded a character into a tree and moved them, they would signal a collision and hop back to their original spot. I suppose I could fix this by implementing impulses in the event of a collision instead of just jumping back to the last spot I was in (my implementation kind of sucks). But while I make my engine more robust, I'm just curious on how most other physics engines handle this case. Do objects that start in the same spot with no movement speed just shoot out from each other in a random direction? Or do they sit there until something happens? Which option is generally the best approach?

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  • how to make HLSL effect just for lighning without texture mapping?

    - by naprox
    I'm new to XNA, i created an effect and just want to use lightning but in default effect that XNA create we should do texture mapping or the model appears 'RED', because of this lines of code in the effect file: float4 PixelShaderFunction(VertexShaderOutput input) : COLOR0 { float4 output = float4(1,0,0,1); return output; } and if i want to see my model (appear like when i use basiceffect) must do texture mapping by UV coordinates. but my model does not have UV coordinates assigned or its UV coordinates is not exported. and if i do texture mapping i got error. (i do texture mapping by this line of code in vertexshaderfunction and other necessary codes) output.UV= input.UV i have many of this models and want to work with them.(my models are in .FBX format) when i use Bassiceffect i have no problem and model appears correctly. how can i use "just" lightnings in my custom effects? and don't do texture mapping (because i have no UV coordinates in my models) and my model be look like when i use BasicEffect? if you need my complete code Here it is: http://www.mediafire.com/?4jexhd4ulm2icm2 here is inside of my Model Using BasicEffect http://i.imgur.com/ygP2h.jpg?1 and this is my code for drawing with or without BasicEffect inside of my draw() method: Matrix baseWorld = Matrix.CreateScale(Scale) * Matrix.CreateFromYawPitchRoll(Rotation.Y, Rotation.X, Rotation.Z) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(Position); foreach(ModelMesh mesh in Model.Meshes) { Matrix localWorld = ModelTransforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * baseWorld; foreach(ModelMeshPart part in mesh.MeshParts) { Effect effect = part.Effect; if (effect is BasicEffect) { ((BasicEffect)effect).World = localWorld; ((BasicEffect)effect).View = View; ((BasicEffect)effect).Projection = Projection; ((BasicEffect)effect).EnableDefaultLighting(); } else { setEffectParameter(effect, "World", localWorld); setEffectParameter(effect, "View", View); setEffectParameter(effect, "Projection", Projection); setEffectParameter(effect, "CameraPosition", CameraPosition); } } mesh.Draw(); } setEffectParameter is another method that sets effect parameter if i use my custom effect.

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  • Rubik's cube array rotation

    - by Ace
    I'm about to make a 3D Rubik's cube based game in Flash AS3 and Away3d. I don't really know how to manage the 2D arrays of the Rubik's cube. For example, how do I rotate the corresponding arrays if I rotate a side, or just rotate a middle part? In this stage I also don't know how to rotate those smaller cube parts all together if a side is rotating. First I was thinking of "groups" ( like in sketchup or 3ds max, blender), but that would be tricky, because the group components would change every time. So I was thinking of just rotating each individual piece along a global axis. However, I just know the Away3d functions to rotate the cube of his local X , Y or Z axis, but how to rotate in global axis? Does anyone know of a algorithm for doing these types of rotations?

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  • How can I apply different actions to different parts of a 2D character?

    - by Praveen Sharath
    I am developing a 2D platform game in Java. The player has a gun in his hand every time. He needs to walk and shoot with the gun(arrow keys for walk and X key to shoot). The walk cycle takes 6 frames and i am able to import the sprite sheet and animate the sequence when I press arrow key. But i need to add the gun motion. The player holds the gun upwards and when X key is pressed he brings it straight and shoots. How to implement the walk + shoot action?

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  • How do I implement a score database in Android?

    - by Michael Seun Araromi
    I making a 2D game for Android using OpenGL-ES technology. It is a space shooting game where the player shoots enemy ships. I want to keep a track of score for the amount of enemy ships destroyed and a record of a local highscore. The score should be incremented whenever an enemy is destroyed. I also want a way of displaying both the current score and highscore on the game screen. I am not familiar with databases at all and I will appreciate a clear answer or a link to a good tutorial for my cause. Thanks.

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  • Jumping with Mecanim synchronization

    - by Abhishek Deb
    I am using Unity3D 4.1 for one of my projects. I have a robot character which is always running. I am using mecanim animation system. What I really want:When I press Space bar, the character should jump up in the air, triggering an animation clip and then by the time it reaches the ground, the animation clip should also end. What actually is happening:When I press Space bar, the character jumps in the air. Animation clip plays as it should, but ends way before it reaches the ground. So, it looks like he is running in the mid air. What have I done: I have this humanoid robot setup with a jump animation bounded with the space bar key. Also, instead of using root motion, I am directly moving the robot from code. //Jumping if(Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space)){ rigidbody.AddForce(Vector3.up*jumpVelocty); anim.SetBool("Jump",true); } else anim.SetBool("Jump",false); Character's Details: Rigidbody = Mass:30, Freeze rotaion:x,y,z Capsule Collider = Material: metal, center(0,4.5,0), radius:1, height:11 Script = jumpVelocity:20000 Jump Animation Clip: ~ 2 seconds. I am really out of ideas how to synchronize everything. Should I make the character jump in some other way so that it quickly comes down and touches the ground to match the animation clip? If yes, please provide a direction.

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  • What makes game sound effects "good"?

    - by you786
    I'm making a small game, and I've found some free sound effects that I'd like to use. The issue is that I can't get the sound effects to sound like they "belong" in my game. I don't know what to look for that can make sound effects match the rest of my game style. I have some ideas on what affects the meshing of audio with graphics. For example, I have a feeling that the current SFX I may be too "realistic" for my graphical style, which is pretty cartoon-like. Also, is there a golden standard for what volume various SFX should be at? (for example, I am thinking that footsteps or other common sounds should be at barely audible volumes, while enemy deaths or something that is a "big deal" should be louder). I found a similar question about graphics, I'm looking for a similar response with sound effects.

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  • Timing Calculations for Opengl ES 2.0 draw calls

    - by Arun AC
    I am drawing a cube in OpenGL ES 2.0 in Linux. I am calculating the time taken for each frame using below function #define NANO 1000000000 #define NANO_TO_MICRO(x) ((x)/1000) uint64_t getTick() { struct timespec stCT; clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &stCT); uint64_t iCurrTimeNano = (1000000000 * stCT.tv_sec + stCT.tv_nsec); // in Nano Secs uint64_t iCurrTimeMicro = NANO_TO_MICRO(iCurrTimeNano); // in Micro Secs return iCurrTimeMicro; } I am running my code for 100 frames with simple x-axis rotation. I am getting around 200 to 220 microsecs per frame. that means am i getting around (1/220microsec = 4545) FPS Is my GPU is that fast? I strongly doubt this result. what went wrong in the code? Regards, Arun AC

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  • Breakout clone, how to handle/design for collision detection/physics between objects?

    - by Zolomon
    I'm working on a breakout clone, and I wish to create some realistic physics effects for collision - angles on the paddle should allow the ball to bounce, as well as doing curve balls etc. I could use per-pixel based collision detection, but then I thought it might be easier with line/circle intersection testing. So, then I naturally consider making a polygon class for the line-based objects and use the built-in circle class for the circular objects. That sounds like an OK approach, right? And then just check for collision using the specified algorithm based on the objects that might be within each other's range?

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  • How do I calculate opposite of a vector, add some slack

    - by Jason94
    How can i calulate a valid range (RED) for my object's (BLACK) traveling direction (GREEN). The green is a Vector2 where x and y range is -1 to 1. What I'm trying to do here is to create rocket fuel burn effekt. So what i got is rocket speed (float) rocket direction (Vector2 x = [-1, 1], y = [-1, 1]) I may think that rocket speed does not matter as fuel burn effect (particle) is created on position with its own speed.

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  • Opposite Force to Apply to a Collided Rigid Body?

    - by Milo
    I'm working on the physics for my GTA2-like game so I can learn more about game physics. The collision detection and resolution are working great. I'm now just unsure how to compute the force to apply to a body after it collides with a wall. My rigid body looks like this: /our simulation object class RigidBody extends Entity { //linear private Vector2D velocity = new Vector2D(); private Vector2D forces = new Vector2D(); private float mass; private Vector2D v = new Vector2D(); //angular private float angularVelocity; private float torque; private float inertia; //graphical private Vector2D halfSize = new Vector2D(); private Bitmap image; private Matrix mat = new Matrix(); private float[] Vector2Ds = new float[2]; private Vector2D tangent = new Vector2D(); private static Vector2D worldRelVec = new Vector2D(); private static Vector2D relWorldVec = new Vector2D(); private static Vector2D pointVelVec = new Vector2D(); private static Vector2D acceleration = new Vector2D(); public RigidBody() { //set these defaults so we don't get divide by zeros mass = 1.0f; inertia = 1.0f; setLayer(LAYER_OBJECTS); } protected void rectChanged() { if(getWorld() != null) { getWorld().updateDynamic(this); } } //intialize out parameters public void initialize(Vector2D halfSize, float mass, Bitmap bitmap) { //store physical parameters this.halfSize = halfSize; this.mass = mass; image = bitmap; inertia = (1.0f / 20.0f) * (halfSize.x * halfSize.x) * (halfSize.y * halfSize.y) * mass; RectF rect = new RectF(); float scalar = 10.0f; rect.left = (int)-halfSize.x * scalar; rect.top = (int)-halfSize.y * scalar; rect.right = rect.left + (int)(halfSize.x * 2.0f * scalar); rect.bottom = rect.top + (int)(halfSize.y * 2.0f * scalar); setRect(rect); } public void setLocation(Vector2D position, float angle) { getRect().set(position.x,position.y, getWidth(), getHeight(), angle); rectChanged(); } public Vector2D getPosition() { return getRect().getCenter(); } @Override public void update(float timeStep) { doUpdate(timeStep); } public void doUpdate(float timeStep) { //integrate physics //linear acceleration.x = forces.x / mass; acceleration.y = forces.y / mass; velocity.x += (acceleration.x * timeStep); velocity.y += (acceleration.y * timeStep); //velocity = Vector2D.add(velocity, Vector2D.scalarMultiply(acceleration, timeStep)); Vector2D c = getRect().getCenter(); v.x = getRect().getCenter().getX() + (velocity.x * timeStep); v.y = getRect().getCenter().getY() + (velocity.y * timeStep); setCenter(v.x, v.y); forces.x = 0; //clear forces forces.y = 0; //angular float angAcc = torque / inertia; angularVelocity += angAcc * timeStep; setAngle(getAngle() + angularVelocity * timeStep); torque = 0; //clear torque } //take a relative Vector2D and make it a world Vector2D public Vector2D relativeToWorld(Vector2D relative) { mat.reset(); Vector2Ds[0] = relative.x; Vector2Ds[1] = relative.y; mat.postRotate(JMath.radToDeg(getAngle())); mat.mapVectors(Vector2Ds); relWorldVec.x = Vector2Ds[0]; relWorldVec.y = Vector2Ds[1]; return relWorldVec; } //take a world Vector2D and make it a relative Vector2D public Vector2D worldToRelative(Vector2D world) { mat.reset(); Vector2Ds[0] = world.x; Vector2Ds[1] = world.y; mat.postRotate(JMath.radToDeg(-getAngle())); mat.mapVectors(Vector2Ds); worldRelVec.x = Vector2Ds[0]; worldRelVec.y = Vector2Ds[1]; return worldRelVec; } //velocity of a point on body public Vector2D pointVelocity(Vector2D worldOffset) { tangent.x = -worldOffset.y; tangent.y = worldOffset.x; pointVelVec.x = (tangent.x * angularVelocity) + velocity.x; pointVelVec.y = (tangent.y * angularVelocity) + velocity.y; return pointVelVec; } public void applyForce(Vector2D worldForce, Vector2D worldOffset) { //add linear force forces.x += worldForce.x; forces.y += worldForce.y; //add associated torque torque += Vector2D.cross(worldOffset, worldForce); } @Override public void draw( GraphicsContext c) { c.drawRotatedScaledBitmap(image, getPosition().x, getPosition().y, getWidth(), getHeight(), getAngle()); } public Vector2D getVelocity() { return velocity; } public void setVelocity(Vector2D velocity) { this.velocity = velocity; } } The way it is given force is by the applyForce method, this method considers angular torque. I'm just not sure how to come up with the vectors in the case where: RigidBody hits static entity RigidBody hits other RigidBody that may or may not be in motion. Would anyone know a way (without too complex math) that I could figure out the opposite force I need to apply to the car? I know the normal it is colliding with and how deep it collided. My main goal is so that say I hit a building from the side, well the car should not just stay there, it should slowly rotate out of it if I'm more than 45 degrees. Right now when I hit a wall I only change the velocity directly which does not consider angular force. Thanks!

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  • How do I simplify terrain with tunnels or overhangs?

    - by KKlouzal
    I'm attempting to store vertex data in a quadtree with C++, such that far-away vertices can be combined to simplify the object and speed up rendering. This works well with a reasonably flat mesh, but what about terrain with overhangs or tunnels? How should I represent such a mesh in a quadtree? After the initial generation, each mesh is roughly 130,000 polygons and about 300 of these meshes are lined up to create the surface of a planetary body. A fully generated planet is upwards of 10,000,000 polygons before applying any culling to the individual meshes. Therefore, this second optimization is vital for the project. The rest of my confusion focuses around my inexperience with vertex data: How do I properly loop through the vertex data to group them into specific quads? How do I conclude from vertex data what a quad's maximum size should be? How many quads should the quadtree include?

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  • Rotate an image in a scaled context

    - by nathan
    Here is my working piece of code to rotate an image toward a point (in my case, the mouse cursor). float dx = newx - ploc.x; float dy = newy - ploc.y; float angle = (float) Math.toDegrees(Math.atan2(dy, dx)); Where ploc is the location of the image i'm rotating. And here is the rendering code: g.rotate(loc.x + width / 2, loc.y + height / 2, angle); g.drawImage(frame, loc.x, loc.y); Where loc is the location of the image and "width" and "height" are respectively the width and height of the image. What changes are needed to make it works on a scaled context? e.g make it works with something like g.scale(sx, sy).

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  • Better way to generate enemies of different sub-classes

    - by KDiTraglia
    So lets pretend I have an enemy class that has some generic implementation and inheriting from it I have all the specific enemies of my game. There are points in my code that I need to check whether an enemy is a specific type, but in Java I have found no easier way than this monstrosity... //Must be a better way to do this if ( enemy.class.isAssignableFrom(Ninja.class) ) { ... } My partner on the project saw these and changed them to use an enum system instead public class Ninja extends Enemy { //EnemyType is an enum containing all our enemy types public EnemyType = EnemyTypes.NINJA; } if (enemy.EnemyType = EnemyTypes.NINJA) { ... } I also have found no way to generate enemies on varying probabilities besides this for (EnemyTypes types : enemyTypes) { if ( (randomNext = (randomNext - types.getFrequency())) < 0 ) { enemy = createEnemy(types.getEnemyType()); break; } } private static Enemy createEnemy(EnemyType type) { switch (type) { case NINJA: return new Ninja(new Vector2D(rand.nextInt(getScreenWidth()), 0), determineSpeed()); case GORILLA: return new Gorilla(new Vector2D(rand.nextInt(getScreenWidth()), 0), determineSpeed()); case TREX: return new TRex(new Vector2D(rand.nextInt(getScreenWidth()), 0), determineSpeed()); //etc } return null } I know java is a little weak at dynamic object creation, but is there a better way to implement this in a way such like this for (EnemyTypes types : enemyTypes) { if ( (randomNext = (randomNext - types.getFrequency())) < 0 ) { //Change enemyTypes to hold the classes of the enemies I can spawn enemy = types.getEnemyType().class.newInstance() break; } } Is the above possible? How would I declare enemyTypes to hold the classes if so? Everything I have tried so far as generated compile errors and general frustration, but I figured I might ask here before I completely give up to the huge mass that is the createEveryEnemy() method. All the enemies do inherit from the Enemy class (which is what the enemy variable is declared as). Also is there a better way to check which type a particular enemy that is shorter than enemy.class.isAssignableFrom(Ninja.class)? I'd like to ditch the enums entirely if possible, since they seem repetitive when the class name itself holds that information.

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  • OpenGL Shading Program Object Memory Requirement

    - by Hans Wurst
    gDEbugger states that OpenGL's program objects only occupy an insignificant amount of memory. How much is this actually? I don't know if the stuff I looked up in mesa is actually that I was looking for but it requires 16KB [Edit: false, confusing struct names, less than 1KB immediate, some further behind pointers] per program object. Not quite insignificant. So is it recommended to create a unique program object for each object of the scene? Or to share a single program object and set the scene's object's custom variables just before its draw call?

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  • How do I determine the draw order in an isometric view flash game?

    - by Gajet
    This is for a flash game, with isometric view. I need to know how to sort object so that there is no need for z-buffer checking when drawing. This might seem easy but there is another restriction, a scene can have 10,000+ objects so the algorithm needs to be run in less than O(n^2). All objects are rectangular boxes, and there are 3-4 objects moving in the scene. What's the best way to do this? UPDATE in each tile there is only object (I mean objects can stack on top of each other). and we access to both map of Objects and Objects have their own position.

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  • Animate from end frame of one animation to end frame of another Unity3d/C#

    - by Timothy Williams
    So I have two legacy FBX animations; Animation A and Animation B. What I'm looking to do is to be able to fade from A to B regardless of the current frame A is on. Using animation.CrossFade() will play A in reverse until it reaches frame 0, then play B forward. What I'm looking to do is blend from the current frame of A to the end frame of B. Probably via some sort of lerp between the facial position in A and the facial position in the last frame of B. Does anyone know how I might be able to accomplish this? Either via a built in function or potentially lerping of some sort?

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  • D3D11 how to simulate multiple depth channels

    - by Nock
    Here's what I'd like to achieve: Rendering a first pass of objects in my scene, using standard depth comparison Rendering another pass of objects in the same scene, but with the following rules: A Pixel of the 2nd pass always override the first pass (no depth compare between them) Use Depth comparison between pixels written from the second pass. In English I want depth comparison made inside each pass but I always want the second pass pixels to override the first pass ones. Some things I've thought: I tried to think about using stencil to solve this, but I couldn't find a way. I know I could render into a separate target the second pass then composite the result into the first, but I'd like to avoid that. I could use two separate Depth Buffer, one dedicated to each pass. (I never tried, but I figure it's possible to switch the depth buffer in a Render Target "on the fly") Any idea of the best solution? Thanks

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  • How is this lighting effect done?

    - by Mike
    This is the most beautiful 2d lighting I have ever seen. Does anyone know how he went about doing it? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIQRhOFkvQY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tnTYXPuecMs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhC_jVM8IYU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Aw5BdjWqqU Or download it here: http://grantkot.com/PollutedPlanet/publish.htm edit: I am not asking how the particles are simulated; I don't care about the physics.

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  • Spritebatch drawing sprite with jagged borders

    - by Mutoh
    Alright, I've been on the making of a sprite class and a sprite sheet manager, but have come across this problem. Pretty much, the project is acting like so; for example: Let's take this .png image, with a transparent background. Note how it has alpha-transparent pixels around it in the lineart. Now, in the latter link's image, in the left (with CornflowerBlue background) it is shown the image drawn in another project (let's call it "Project1") with a simpler sprite class - there, it works. The right (with Purple background for differentiating) shows it drawn with a different class in "Project2" - where the problem manifests itself. This is the Sprite class of Project1: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; namespace WindowsGame2 { class Sprite { Vector2 pos = new Vector2(0, 0); Texture2D image; Rectangle size; float scale = 1.0f; // --- public float X { get { return pos.X; } set { pos.X = value; } } public float Y { get { return pos.Y; } set { pos.Y = value; } } public float Width { get { return size.Width; } } public float Height { get { return size.Height; } } public float Scale { get { return scale; } set { if (value < 0) value = 0; scale = value; if (image != null) { size.Width = (int)(image.Width * scale); size.Height = (int)(image.Height * scale); } } } // --- public void Load(ContentManager Man, string filename) { image = Man.Load<Texture2D>(filename); size = new Rectangle( 0, 0, (int)(image.Width * scale), (int)(image.Height * scale) ); } public void Become(Texture2D frame) { image = frame; size = new Rectangle( 0, 0, (int)(image.Width * scale), (int)(image.Height * scale) ); } public void Draw(SpriteBatch Desenhista) { // Desenhista.Draw(image, pos, Color.White); Desenhista.Draw( image, pos, new Rectangle( 0, 0, image.Width, image.Height ), Color.White, 0.0f, Vector2.Zero, scale, SpriteEffects.None, 0 ); } } } And this is the code in Project2, a rewritten, pretty much, version of the previous class. In this one I added sprite sheet managing and, in particular, removed Load and Become, to allow for static resources and only actual Sprites to be instantiated. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; namespace Mobby_s_Adventure { // Actually, I might desconsider this, and instead use static AnimationLocation[] and instanciated ID and Frame; // For determining the starting frame of an animation in a sheet and being able to iterate through // the Rectangles vector of the Sheet; class AnimationLocation { public int Location; public int FrameCount; // --- public AnimationLocation(int StartingRow, int StartingColumn, int SheetWidth, int NumberOfFrames) { Location = (StartingRow * SheetWidth) + StartingColumn; FrameCount = NumberOfFrames; } public AnimationLocation(int PositionInSheet, int NumberOfFrames) { Location = PositionInSheet; FrameCount = NumberOfFrames; } public static int CalculatePosition(int StartingRow, int StartingColumn, SheetManager Sheet) { return ((StartingRow * Sheet.Width) + StartingColumn); } } class Sprite { // The general stuff; protected SheetManager Sheet; protected Vector2 Position; public Vector2 Axis; protected Color _Tint; public float Angle; public float Scale; protected SpriteEffects _Effect; // --- // protected AnimationManager Animation; // For managing the animations; protected AnimationLocation[] Animation; public int AnimationID; protected int Frame; // --- // Properties for easy accessing of the position of the sprite; public float X { get { return Position.X; } set { Position.X = Axis.X + value; } } public float Y { get { return Position.Y; } set { Position.Y = Axis.Y + value; } } // --- // Properties for knowing the size of the sprite's frames public float Width { get { return Sheet.FrameWidth * Scale; } } public float Height { get { return Sheet.FrameHeight * Scale; } } // --- // Properties for more stuff; public Color Tint { set { _Tint = value; } } public SpriteEffects Effect { set { _Effect = value; } } public int FrameID { get { return Frame; } set { if (value >= (Animation[AnimationID].FrameCount)) value = 0; Frame = value; } } // --- // The only things that will be constantly modified will be AnimationID and FrameID, anything else only // occasionally; public Sprite(SheetManager SpriteSheet, AnimationLocation[] Animations, Vector2 Location, Nullable<Vector2> Origin = null) { // Assign the sprite's sprite sheet; // (Passed by reference! To allow STATIC sheets!) Sheet = SpriteSheet; // Define the animations that the sprite has available; // (Passed by reference! To allow STATIC animation boundaries!) Animation = Animations; // Defaulting some numerical values; Angle = 0.0f; Scale = 1.0f; _Tint = Color.White; _Effect = SpriteEffects.None; // If the user wants a default Axis, it is set in the middle of the frame; if (Origin != null) Axis = Origin.Value; else Axis = new Vector2( Sheet.FrameWidth / 2, Sheet.FrameHeight / 2 ); // Now that we have the axis, we can set the position with no worries; X = Location.X; Y = Location.Y; } // Simply put, draw the sprite with all its characteristics; public void Draw(SpriteBatch Drafter) { Drafter.Draw( Sheet.Texture, Position, Sheet.Rectangles[Animation[AnimationID].Location + FrameID], // Find the rectangle which frames the wanted image; _Tint, Angle, Axis, Scale, _Effect, 0.0f ); } } } And, in any case, this is the SheetManager class found in the previous code: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; namespace Mobby_s_Adventure { class SheetManager { protected Texture2D SpriteSheet; // For storing the sprite sheet; // Number of rows and frames in each row in the SpriteSheet; protected int NumberOfRows; protected int NumberOfColumns; // Size of a single frame; protected int _FrameWidth; protected int _FrameHeight; public Rectangle[] Rectangles; // For storing each frame; // --- public int Width { get { return NumberOfColumns; } } public int Height { get { return NumberOfRows; } } // --- public int FrameWidth { get { return _FrameWidth; } } public int FrameHeight { get { return _FrameHeight; } } // --- public Texture2D Texture { get { return SpriteSheet; } } // --- public SheetManager (Texture2D Texture, int Rows, int FramesInEachRow) { // Normal assigning SpriteSheet = Texture; NumberOfRows = Rows; NumberOfColumns = FramesInEachRow; _FrameHeight = Texture.Height / NumberOfRows; _FrameWidth = Texture.Width / NumberOfColumns; // Framing everything Rectangles = new Rectangle[NumberOfRows * NumberOfColumns]; int ID = 0; for (int i = 0; i < NumberOfRows; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < NumberOfColumns; j++) { Rectangles[ID] = new Rectangle ( _FrameWidth * j, _FrameHeight * i, _FrameWidth, _FrameHeight ); ID++; } } } public SheetManager (Texture2D Texture, int NumberOfFrames): this(Texture, 1, NumberOfFrames) { } } } For even more comprehending, if needed, here is how the main code looks like (it's just messing with the class' capacities, nothing actually; the result is a disembodied feet walking in place animation on the top-left of the screen and a static axe nearby): using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media; using System.Threading; namespace Mobby_s_Adventure { /// <summary> /// This is the main type for your game /// </summary> public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; static List<Sprite> ToDraw; static Texture2D AxeSheet; static Texture2D FeetSheet; static SheetManager Axe; static Sprite Jojora; static AnimationLocation[] Hack = new AnimationLocation[1]; static SheetManager Feet; static Sprite Mutoh; static AnimationLocation[] FeetAnimations = new AnimationLocation[2]; public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; this.TargetElapsedTime = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(100); this.IsFixedTimeStep = true; } /// <summary> /// Allows the game to perform any initialization it needs to before starting to run. /// This is where it can query for any required services and load any non-graphic /// related content. Calling base.Initialize will enumerate through any components /// and initialize them as well. /// </summary> protected override void Initialize() { // TODO: Add your initialization logic here base.Initialize(); } /// <summary> /// LoadContent will be called once per game and is the place to load /// all of your content. /// </summary> protected override void LoadContent() { // Create a new SpriteBatch, which can be used to draw textures. spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); // Loading logic ToDraw = new List<Sprite>(); AxeSheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Sheet"); FeetSheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Feet Sheet"); Axe = new SheetManager(AxeSheet, 1); Hack[0] = new AnimationLocation(0, 1); Jojora = new Sprite(Axe, Hack, new Vector2(100, 100), new Vector2(5, 55)); Jojora.AnimationID = 0; Jojora.FrameID = 0; Feet = new SheetManager(FeetSheet, 8); FeetAnimations[0] = new AnimationLocation(1, 7); FeetAnimations[1] = new AnimationLocation(0, 1); Mutoh = new Sprite(Feet, FeetAnimations, new Vector2(0, 0)); Mutoh.AnimationID = 0; Mutoh.FrameID = 0; } /// <summary> /// UnloadContent will be called once per game and is the place to unload /// all content. /// </summary> protected override void UnloadContent() { // TODO: Unload any non ContentManager content here } /// <summary> /// Allows the game to run logic such as updating the world, /// checking for collisions, gathering input, and playing audio. /// </summary> /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param> protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { // Allows the game to exit if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed) this.Exit(); // Update logic Mutoh.FrameID++; ToDraw.Add(Mutoh); ToDraw.Add(Jojora); base.Update(gameTime); } /// <summary> /// This is called when the game should draw itself. /// </summary> /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param> protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Purple); // Drawing logic spriteBatch.Begin(); foreach (Sprite Element in ToDraw) { Element.Draw(spriteBatch); } spriteBatch.Draw(Content.Load<Texture2D>("Sheet"), new Rectangle(50, 50, 55, 60), Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } } } Please help me find out what I'm overlooking! One thing that I have noticed and could aid is that, if inserted the equivalent of this code spriteBatch.Draw( Content.Load<Texture2D>("Image Location"), new Rectangle(X, Y, images width, height), Color.White ); in Project2's Draw(GameTime) of the main loop, it works. EDIT Ok, even if the matter remains unsolved, I have made some more progress! As you see, I managed to get the two kinds of rendering in the same project (the aforementioned Project2, with the more complex Sprite class). This was achieved by adding the following code to Draw(GameTime): protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Purple); // Drawing logic spriteBatch.Begin(); foreach (Sprite Element in ToDraw) { Element.Draw(spriteBatch); } // Starting here spriteBatch.Draw( Axe.Texture, new Vector2(65, 100), new Rectangle ( 0, 0, Axe.FrameWidth, Axe.FrameHeight ), Color.White, 0.0f, new Vector2(0, 0), 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0.0f ); // Ending here spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } (Supposing that Axe is the SheetManager containing the texture, sorry if the "jargons" of my code confuse you :s) Thus, I have noticed that the problem is within the Sprite class. But I only get more clueless, because even after modifying its Draw function to this: public void Draw(SpriteBatch Drafter) { /*Drafter.Draw( Sheet.Texture, Position, Sheet.Rectangles[Animation[AnimationID].Location + FrameID], // Find the rectangle which frames the wanted image; _Tint, Angle, Axis, Scale, _Effect, 0.0f );*/ Drafter.Draw( Sheet.Texture, Position, new Rectangle( 0, 0, Sheet.FrameWidth, Sheet.FrameHeight ), Color.White, 0.0f, Vector2.Zero, Scale, SpriteEffects.None, 0 ); } to make it as simple as the patch of code that works, it still draws the sprite jaggedly!

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  • Question on the implementation of my Entity System

    - by miguel.martin
    I am currently creating an Entity System, in C++, it is almost completed (I have all the code there, I just have to add a few things and test it). The only thing is, I can't figure out how to implement some features. This Entity System is based off a bit from the Artemis framework, however it is different. I'm not sure if I'll be able to type this out the way my head processing it. I'm going to basically ask whether I should do something over something else. Okay, now I'll give a little detail on my Entity System itself. Here are the basic classes that my Entity System uses to actually work: Entity - An Id (and some methods to add/remove/get/etc Components) Component - An empty abstract class ComponentManager - Manages ALL components for ALL entities within a Scene EntitySystem - Processes entities with specific components Aspect - The class that is used to help determine what Components an Entity must contain so a specific EntitySystem can process it EntitySystemManager - Manages all EntitySystems within a Scene EntityManager - Manages entities (i.e. holds all Entities, used to determine whether an Entity has been changed, enables/disables them, etc.) EntityFactory - Creates (and destroys) entities and assigns an ID to them Scene - Contains an EntityManager, EntityFactory, EntitySystemManager and ComponentManager. Has functions to update and initialise the scene. Now in order for an EntitySystem to efficiently know when to check if an Entity is valid for processing (so I can add it to a specific EntitySystem), it must recieve a message from the EntityManager (after a call of activate(Entity& e)). Similarly the EntityManager must know when an Entity is destroyed from the EntityFactory in the Scene, and also the ComponentManager must know when an Entity is created AND destroyed. I do have a Listener/Observer pattern implemented at the moment, but with this pattern I may remove a Listener (which is this case is dependent on the method being called). I mainly have this implemented for specific things related to a game, i.e. Teams, Tagging of entities, etc. So... I was thinking maybe I should call a private method (using friend classes) to send out when an Entity has been activated, deleted, etc. i.e. taken from my EntityFactory void EntityFactory::killEntity(Entity& e) { // if the entity doesn't exsist in the entity manager within the scene if(!getScene()->getEntityManager().doesExsist(e)) { return; // go back to the caller! (should throw an exception or something..) } // tell the ComponentManager and the EntityManager that we killed an Entity getScene()->getComponentManager().doOnEntityWillDie(e); getScene()->getEntityManager().doOnEntityWillDie(e); // notify the listners for(Mouth::iterator i = getMouth().begin(); i != getMouth().end(); ++i) { (*i)->onEntityWillDie(*this, e); } _idPool.addId(e.getId()); // add the ID to the pool delete &e; // delete the entity } As you can see on the lines where I am telling the ComponentManager and the EntityManager that an Entity will die, I am calling a method to make sure it handles it appropriately. Now I realise I could do this without calling it explicitly, with the help of that for loop notifying all listener objects connected to the EntityFactory's Mouth (an object used to tell listeners that there's an event), however is this a good idea (good design, or what)? I've gone over the PROS and CONS, I just can't decide what I want to do. Calling Explicitly: PROS Faster? Since these functions are explicitly called, they can't be "removed" CONS Not flexible Bad design? (friend functions) Calling through Listener objects (i.e. ComponentManager/EntityManager inherits from a EntityFactoryListener) PROS More Flexible? Better Design? CONS Slower? (virtual functions) Listeners can be removed, i.e. may be removed and not get called again during the program, which could cause in a crash. P.S. If you wish to view my current source code, I am hosting it on BitBucket.

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  • How to manage own bots at the server?

    - by Nikolay Kuznetsov
    There is a game server and people can play in game rooms of 2, 3 or 4. When a client connects to server he can send a request specifying a number of people or range he wants to play with. One of this value is valid: {2-4, 2-3, 3-4, 2, 3, 4} So the server maintains 3 separate queues for game room with 2, 3 and 4 people. So we can denote queues as #2, #3 and #4. It work the following way. If a client sends request, 3-4, then two separate request are added to queues #3 and #4. If queue #3 now have 3 requests from different people then game room with 3 players is created, and all other requests from those players are removed from all queues. Right now not many people are online simultaneously, so they apply for a game wait for some time and quit because game does not start in a reasonable time. That's a simple bot for beginning has been developed. So there is a need to patch server code to run a bot, if some one requests a game, but humans are not online. Input: request from human {2-4, 2-3, 3-4, 2, 3, 4} Output: number of bots to run and time to wait for each before connecting, depending on queues state. The problem is that I don't know how to manage bots properly at the server? Example: #3 has 1 request and #4 has 1 request Request from user is {3,4} then server can add one bot to play game with 3 people or two bots to play game of 4. Example: #3 has 1 request and #4 has 2 requests Request from user is {3,4} then in each case just one bot is needed so game with 4 players is more preferrable.

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  • Toon/cel shading with variable line width?

    - by Nick Wiggill
    I see a few broad approaches out there to doing cel shading: Duplication & enlargement of model with flipped normals (not an option for me) Sobel filter / fragment shader approaches to edge detection Stencil buffer approaches to edge detection Geometry (or vertex) shader approaches that calculate face and edge normals Am I correct in assuming the geometry-centric approach gives the greatest amount of control over lighting and line thickness, as well eg. for terrain where you might see the silhouette line of a hill merging gradually into a plain? What if I didn't need pixel lighting on my terrain surfaces? (And I probably won't as I plan to use cell-based vertex- or texturemap-based lighting/shadowing.) Would I then be better off sticking with the geometry-type approach, or go for a screen space / fragment approach instead to keep things simpler? If so, how would I get the "inking" of hills within the mesh silhouette, rather than only the outline of the entire mesh (with no "ink" details inside that outline? Lastly, is it possible to cheaply emulate the flipped-normals approach, using a geometry shader? Is that exactly what the GS approaches do? What I want - varying line thickness with intrusive lines inside the silhouette... What I don't want...

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