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• XNA Masking Mayhem

  - by TropicalFlesh

  I'd like to start by mentioning that I'm just an amateur programmer of the past 2 years with no formal training and know very little about maximizing the potential of graphics hardware. I can write shaders and manipulate a multi-layered drawing environment, but I've basically stuck to minimalist pixel shaders. I'm working on putting dynamic point light shadows in my 2d sidescroller, and have had it working to a reasonable degree. Just chucking it in without working on serious optimizations outside of basic culling, I can get 50 lights or so onscreen at once and still hover around 100 fps. The only issue is that I'm on a very high end machine and would like to target the game at as many platforms I can, low and high end. The way I'm doing shadows involves a lot of masking before I can finally draw the light to my light layer. Basically, my technique to achieveing such shadows is as follows. See pics in this album http://imgur.com/a/m2fWw#0 The dark gray represents the background tiles, the light gray represents the foreground tiles, and the yellow represents the shadow-emitting foreground tile. I'll draw the light using a radial gradient and a color of choice I'll then exclude light from the mask by drawing some geometry extending through the tile from my point light. I actually don't mask the light yet at this point, but I'm just illustrating the technique in this image Finally, I'll re-include the foreground layer in my mask, as I only want shadows to collect on the background layer and finally multiply the light with it's mask to the light layer My question is simple - How can I go about reducing the amount of render target switches I need to do to achieve the following: a. Draw mask to exclude shadows from the foreground to it's own target once per frame b. For each light that emits shadows, -Begin light mask as full white -Render shadow geometry as transparent with an opaque blendmode to eliminate shadowed areas from the mask -Render foreground mask back over the light mask to reintroduce light to the foreground c. Multiply light texture with it's individual mask to the main light layer.

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• Checkers AI Algorithm

  - by John

  I am making an AI for my checkers game and I'm trying to make it as hard as possible. Here is the current criteria for a move on the hardest difficulty: 1: Look For A Block: This is when a piece is being threatened and another piece can be moved in behind it to protect it. Here is an example: Black Moves |W| |W| |W| |W| | | |W| |W| |W| |W| |W| | | |W| |W| | | | | |W| | | | | | | | | |B| | | | | |B| | | |B| |B| |B| |B| |B| |B| | | |B| |B| |B| |B| White Blocks |W| |W| |W| |W| | | |W| | | |W| |W| |W| |W| |W| |W| | | | | |W| | | | | | | | | |B| | | | | |B| | | |B| |B| |B| |B| |B| |B| | | |B| |B| |B| |B| 2: Move pieces out of danger: if any piece is being threatened, and a piece cannot block for that piece, then it will attempt to move out of the way. If the piece cannot move out of the way without still being in danger, the computer ignores the piece. 3: If the computer player owns any kings, it will attempt to 'hunt down' enemy pieces on the board, if no moves can be made that won't in danger the king or any other pieces, the computer ignores this rule. 4: Any piece that is owned by the computer that is in column 1 or 6 will attempt to go to a side. When a piece is in column 0 or 7, it is in a very strategic position because it cannot get captured while it is in either of these columns 5: It makes an educated random move, the move will not indanger the piece that is moving or any piece that is on the board. 6: If none of the above are possible it makes a random move. This question is not really specific to any language but if all examples could be in Java that would be great, considering this app is written in android. Does anyone see any room for improvement in this algorithm? Anything that would make it better at playing checkers?

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• Interesting/Innovative Open Source tools for indie games

  - by Gastón

  Just out of curiosity, I want to know opensource tools or projects that can add some interesting features to indie games, preferably those that could only be found on big-budget games. EDIT: As suggested by The Communist Duck and Joe Wreschnig, I'm putting the examples as answers. EDIT 2: Please do not post tools like PyGame, Inkscape, Gimp, Audacity, Slick2D, Phys2D, Blender (except for interesting plugins) and the like. I know they are great tools/libraries and some would argue essential to develop good games, but I'm looking for more rare projects. Could be something really specific or niche, like generating realistic trees and plants, or realistic AI for animals.

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• Rule of thumb for enemy art design in 2D platformer

  - by Terrance

  I'm at the early stages of developing a 2D side scrolling open ended platformer (think Metroidvania) and am having a bit of difficulty at enemy design inspiration for something of a scifi, nature, fantasy setting that isn't overly familar or obvious. I haven't seen too many articles, blogs or books that talk about the subject at great length. Is there a fair rule of thumb when coming up with enemy art with respect to keeping your player engaged?

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• OpenGL 2D Depth Perception

  - by Stephen James

  This is the first time i have ever commented on a forum about programming, so sorry if I'm not specific enough. Here's my problem: I have a 2D RPG game written in Java using LWJGL. All works fine, but at the moment I'm having trouble deciding what the best way to do depth perception is. So , for example, if the player goes in front of the tree/enemy (lower than the objects y-coordinate) then show the player in front), if the player goes behind the tree/enemy (higher than the objects specific y-coordinate), then show the player behind the object. I have tried writing a block of code to deal with this, and it works quite well for the trees, but not for the enemies yet. Is there a simpler way of doing this in LWJGL that I'm missing? Thanks :)

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• How to Handle frame rates and synchronizing screen repaints

  - by David Kroukamp

  I would first off say sorry if the title is worded incorrectly. Okay now let me give the scenario I'm creating a 2 player fighting game, An average battle will include a Map (moving/still) and 2 characters (which are rendered by redrawing a varying amount of sprites one after the other). Now at the moment I have a single game loop limiting me to a set number of frames per second (using Java): Timer timer = new Timer(0, new AbstractAction() { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { long beginTime; //The time when the cycle begun long timeDiff; //The time it took for the cycle to execute int sleepTime; //ms to sleep (< 0 if we're behind) int fps = 1000 / 40; beginTime = System.nanoTime() / 1000000; //execute loop to update check collisions and draw gameLoop(); //Calculate how long did the cycle take timeDiff = System.nanoTime() / 1000000 - beginTime; //Calculate sleep time sleepTime = fps - (int) (timeDiff); if (sleepTime > 0) {//If sleepTime > 0 we're OK ((Timer)e.getSource()).setDelay(sleepTime); } } }); timer.start(); in gameLoop() characters are drawn to the screen ( a character holds an array of images which consists of their current sprites) every gameLoop() call will change the characters current sprite to the next and loop if the end is reached. But as you can imagine if a sprite is only 3 images in length than calling gameLoop() 40 times will cause the characters movement to be drawn 40/3=13 times. This causes a few minor anomilies in the sprited for some charcters So my question is how would I go about delivering a set amount of frames per second in when I have 2 characters on screen with varying amount of sprites?

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• How can I make a rectangle to an irregular shape?

  - by Anil gupta

  I used masking for breaking an image into the below pattern. Now that it's broken into different pieces I need to make a rectangle of each piece. I need to drag the broken pieces and adjust to the correct position so I can reconstruct the image. To drag and put at the right position I need to make the pieces rectangles but I am not getting the idea of how to make rectangles out of these irregular shapes. How can I make rectangles for manipulating these pieces? This is a follow up to my previous question.

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• Algorithm to find all tiles within a given radius on staggered isometric map

  - by kasztelan

  Given staggered isometric map and a start tile what would be the best way to get all surrounding tiles within given radius(middle to middle)? I can get all neighbours of a given tile and distance between each of them without any problems but I'm not sure what path to take after that. This feature will be used quite often (along with A*) so I'd like to avoid unecessary calculations. If it makes any difference I'm using XNA and each tile is 64x32 pixels.

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• 2D Selective Gaussian Blur

  - by Joshua Thomas

  I am attempting to use Gaussian blur on a 2D platform game, selectively blurring specific types of platforms with different amounts. I am currently just messing around with simple test code, trying to get it to work correctly. What I need to eventually do is create three separate render targets, leave one normal, blur one slightly, and blur the last heavily, then recombine on the screen. Where I am now is I have successfully drawn into a new render target and performed the gaussian blur on it, but when I draw it back to the screen everything is purple aside from the platforms I drew to the target. This is my .fx file: #define RADIUS 7 #define KERNEL_SIZE (RADIUS * 2 + 1) //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Globals. //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- float weights[KERNEL_SIZE]; float2 offsets[KERNEL_SIZE]; //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Textures. //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- texture colorMapTexture; sampler2D colorMap = sampler_state { Texture = <colorMapTexture>; MipFilter = Linear; MinFilter = Linear; MagFilter = Linear; }; //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Pixel Shaders. //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- float4 PS_GaussianBlur(float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD) : COLOR0 { float4 color = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); for (int i = 0; i < KERNEL_SIZE; ++i) color += tex2D(colorMap, texCoord + offsets[i]) * weights[i]; return color; } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Techniques. //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- technique GaussianBlur { pass { PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 PS_GaussianBlur(); } } This is the code I'm using for the gaussian blur: public Texture2D PerformGaussianBlur(Texture2D srcTexture, RenderTarget2D renderTarget1, RenderTarget2D renderTarget2, SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { if (effect == null) throw new InvalidOperationException("GaussianBlur.fx effect not loaded."); Texture2D outputTexture = null; Rectangle srcRect = new Rectangle(0, 0, srcTexture.Width, srcTexture.Height); Rectangle destRect1 = new Rectangle(0, 0, renderTarget1.Width, renderTarget1.Height); Rectangle destRect2 = new Rectangle(0, 0, renderTarget2.Width, renderTarget2.Height); // Perform horizontal Gaussian blur. game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget1); effect.CurrentTechnique = effect.Techniques["GaussianBlur"]; effect.Parameters["weights"].SetValue(kernel); effect.Parameters["colorMapTexture"].SetValue(srcTexture); effect.Parameters["offsets"].SetValue(offsetsHoriz); spriteBatch.Begin(0, BlendState.Opaque, null, null, null, effect); spriteBatch.Draw(srcTexture, destRect1, Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); // Perform vertical Gaussian blur. game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget2); outputTexture = (Texture2D)renderTarget1; effect.Parameters["colorMapTexture"].SetValue(outputTexture); effect.Parameters["offsets"].SetValue(offsetsVert); spriteBatch.Begin(0, BlendState.Opaque, null, null, null, effect); spriteBatch.Draw(outputTexture, destRect2, Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); // Return the Gaussian blurred texture. game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); outputTexture = (Texture2D)renderTarget2; return outputTexture; } And this is the draw method affected: public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { device.SetRenderTarget(maxBlur); spriteBatch.Begin(); foreach (Brick brick in blueBricks) brick.Draw(spriteBatch); spriteBatch.End(); blue = gBlur.PerformGaussianBlur((Texture2D) maxBlur, helperTarget, maxBlur, spriteBatch); spriteBatch.Begin(); device.SetRenderTarget(null); foreach (Brick brick in redBricks) brick.Draw(spriteBatch); foreach (Brick brick in greenBricks) brick.Draw(spriteBatch); spriteBatch.Draw(blue, new Rectangle(0, 0, blue.Width, blue.Height), Color.White); foreach (Brick brick in purpleBricks) brick.Draw(spriteBatch); spriteBatch.End(); } I'm sorry about the massive brick of text and images(or not....new user, I tried, it said no), but I wanted to get my problem across clearly as I have been searching for an answer to this for quite a while now. As a side note, I have seen the bloom sample. Very well commented, but overly complicated since it deals in 3D; I was unable to take what I needed to learn form it. Thanks for any and all help.

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• Collision detection on a 2D hexagonal grid

  - by SundayMonday

  I'm making a casual grid-based 2D iPhone game using Cocos2D. The grid is a "staggered" hex-like grid consisting of uniformly sized and spaced discs. It looks something like this. I've stored the grid in a 2D array. Also I have a concept of "surrounding" grid cells. Namely the six grid cells surrounding a particular cell (except those on the boundries which can have less than six). Anyways I'm testing some collision detection and it's not working out as well as I had planned. Here's how I currently do collision detection for a moving disc that's approaching the stationary group of discs: Calculate ij-coordinates of grid cell closest to moving cell using moving cell's xy-position Get list of surrounding grid cells using ij-coordinates Examine the surrounding cells. If they're all empty then no collision If we have some non-empty surrounding cells then compare the distance between the disc centers to some minimum distance required for a collision If there's a collision then place the moving disc in grid cell ij So this works but not too well. I've considered a potentially simpler brute force approach where I just compare the moving disc to all stationary discs at each step of the game loop. This is probably feasible in terms of performance since the stationary disc count is 300 max. If not then some space-partitioning data structure could be used however that feels too complex. What are some common approaches and best practices to collision detection in a game like this?

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• ContentManager in XNA cant find any XML

  - by user36385

  Im making a game in XNA 4 and this is the first time I'm using the Content loader to initialize a simple class with a XML file, but no matter how many guide I follow, or how simple or complicated is my XML File the ContentManager cant find the file; the Debug keep telling me: "A first chance exception of type 'Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.ContentLoadException' occurred in Microsoft.Xna.Framework.dll". I'm really confuse because I can load SpriteFonts and Texture2D without a problem ... I create the following XML (the most basic Xna XML): <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <XnaContent> <Asset Type="System.String">Hello</Asset> </XnaContent> and I try to load it in the LoadContent method in my main class like this: System.String hello = Content.Load<System.String>("NewXmlFile"); There is something I'm doing wrong? I really appreciate your help

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• help animating player in corona sdk

  - by andrew McCutchan

  working on a game in the corona sdk with lua and I need help so the player animates on the line drawn. Right now he animates at the beggining and the end but not on the line. here is the player code function spawnPlayerObject(xPlayerSpawn,yPlayerSpawn,richTurn) --spawns Rich where we need him. -- riches sprite sheet and all his inital spirites. We need to adjust this so that animations 3-6 are the only ones that animate when moving horizontally local richPlayer = sprite.newSpriteSet(richSheet1,1,6) sprite.add(richPlayer, "rich", 1,6,500,1) rich = sprite.newSprite(richPlayer) rich.x = xPlayerSpawn rich.y = yPlayerSpawn rich:scale(_W*0.0009, _W*0.0009) -- scale is used to adjust the size of the object. richDir = richTurn rich.rotation = richDir rich:prepare("rich") rich:play() physics.addBody( rich, "static", { friction=1, radius = 15 } ) -- needs a better physics body for collision detection. end and here is the code for the line function movePlayerOnLine(event) --for the original image replace all rich with player. if posCount ~= linePart then richDir = math.atan2(ractgangle_hit[posCount].y-rich.y,ractgangle_hit[posCount].x-rich.x)*180/math.pi playerSpeed = 5 rich.x = rich.x + math.cos(richDir*math.pi/180)*playerSpeed rich.y = rich.y + math.sin(richDir*math.pi/180)*playerSpeed if rich.x < ractgangle_hit[posCount].x+playerSpeed*10 and rich.x > ractgangle_hit[posCount].x-playerSpeed*10 then if rich.y < ractgangle_hit[posCount].y+playerSpeed*10 and rich.y > ractgangle_hit[posCount].y-playerSpeed*10 then posCount = posCount + 1 end end I don't think anything has changed recently but I have been getting an error when testing of " attempt to upvalue "rich" a nil value" on the second line, richDir = etc.

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• Compiling a Monogame Game into a single .exe

  - by user27483

  Is it possible to compile a monogame game into a single .exe? I know if you go in the debug or release bin, there is in fact a .exe your game, except you move this .exe's file location or try to run in on another computer it crashes. I am also aware of the one-click application except this seems like a really messy way of redistributing a monogame game. How come when you build your game, the exe for it wont work anywhere but that file location and that computer. I am also aware that the computer probably needs the XNA framework downloaded to play the monogame game, so in short is it possible to redistribute a monogame game by creating a single .exe and assume that person who is using it doesnt have XNA or monogame installed?

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• Thread-safety in Cocos2d-iPhone?

  - by Malax

  After tinkering a bit with cocos2d, I discovered that there is no classic game loop and everything is more-or-less event driven. I guess I can wrap my head around that, no problem. But I cannot find anything about thread safety. Say, I schedule something to occur every two seconds, which Thread will run the code? Given that I cannot find anything about that, I guess there is just one Cocos2d Thread and everything will be fine. Nevertheless, this implicit assumption does not give me a good feeling. Knowing is better than guessing. ;-) Can anyone shed some light onto that topic?

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• Away3D & Directional Light w/ Rotating Meshes

  - by seethru

  This is likely a stupid error but I can't seem to find what I've done wrong. I've got a simple scene with 10 cylinders rotating at a default speed. If I grab one of these cylinders I can rotate it in the opposite direction or at a greater speed. I have a single directional light in the scene. It would appear that the directional light is only calculated at initialization and not on further frames. The shadow created by the light rotates with the cylinder giving the impression that the light is rotating when it isn't. Camera & Light Initialization _view = new View3D(); addChild(_view); _view.antiAlias = 4; _view.backgroundColor = 0xFFFFFF; _view.camera.z = -850; _view.camera.y = 0; _view.camera.x = 0; _view.camera.lookAt(new Vector3D()); _view.camera.lens = new PerspectiveLens(15); _view.mousePicker = PickingType.RAYCAST_BEST_HIT; _light = new DirectionalLight(); _light.z = -850; _light.direction = new Vector3D(1, 1, 1); _light.color = 0xFFFFFF; _light.ambient = 0.1; _light.diffuse = 0.7; _view.scene.addChild(_light); Mesh and Material creation var material:TextureMaterial = new TextureMaterial(createPow2Texture(sprite, _colors[i]) , true, false, true); material.animateUVs = true; material.lightPicker = _lightPicker; cylinder = new Mesh(new CylinderGeometry(radius, radius, 13, 70, 1, true, true), material); cylinder.subMeshes[0].scaleU = spriteWidth / sprite.width; cylinder.y = y; cylinder.mouseEnabled = true; cylinder.pickingCollider = PickingColliderType.AS3_BEST_HIT; cylinder.addEventListener(MouseEvent3D.MOUSE_OVER, onMouseOverMesh); cylinder.addEventListener(MouseEvent3D.MOUSE_MOVE, onMouseOverMesh); cylinder.addEventListener(MouseEvent3D.MOUSE_OUT, onMouseOutMesh); _cylinders.push(cylinder); Frame private function onEnterFrame(event:Event):void { for each (var mesh:Mesh in _cylinders) { if (mesh == _mouseOverMesh) continue; mesh.rotationY += 0.25; } _view.render(); }

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• Maya 6 vs Maya 2013

  - by DiscreteGenius

  I have the entire "Learning Maya 6" books that I purchased back when Maya 6/6.5 was the hottest thing. I read some of the books but never finished the series. I don't know much about Maya or the field. I want to get back into the field but I have a concern. My question: Would I be failing if I decided to use my old Maya 6 books and Maya 6.5 software? As opposed to ditching my old books and starting with Maya 2013 and online tutorials, videos, etc.?

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• OpenGL 2D Depth Perception

  - by Stephen James

  I have a 2D RPG game written in Java using LWJGL. All works fine, but at the moment I'm having trouble deciding what the best way to do depth perception is. So , for example, if the player goes in front of the tree/enemy (lower than the objects y-coordinate) then show the player in front), if the player goes behind the tree/enemy (higher than the objects specific y-coordinate), then show the player behind the object. I have tried writing a block of code to deal with this, and it works quite well for the trees, but not for the enemies yet. Is there a simpler way of doing this in LWJGL that I'm missing?

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• Where can I buy freely redistributable (creative commons) game assets?

  - by Erlend

  I'd like to know about any 3D asset shops out there that specialize in game assets and, most importantly, license their assets under an open license like Creative Commons or similarly permissive. We are looking to buy some professional looking assets for use and redistribution with our open source 3D game engine. The problem is that all the commercial 3D assets we've come by are only sold under very restrictive licenses, which won't allow us to include the models in our code repository (since free code hosting repositories require that all your data, including media, is open source or otherwise copyleft) nor in turn redistribute the assets as part of our downloadable SDK. I realize this sounds like a weak business idea, since users could just buy the asset and start sharing it with everyone. But somehow this has worked for hundreds of WordPress theme shops, so I was hoping maybe someone's trying similar things for commercial game assets.

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• Stencil mask with AlphaTestEffect

  - by Brendan Wanlass

  I am trying to pull off the following effect in XNA 4.0: http://eng.utah.edu/~brendanw/question.jpg The purple area has 50% opacity. I have gotten pretty close with the following code: public static DepthStencilState AlwaysStencilState = new DepthStencilState() { StencilEnable = true, StencilFunction = CompareFunction.Always, StencilPass = StencilOperation.Replace, ReferenceStencil = 1, DepthBufferEnable = false, }; public static DepthStencilState EqualStencilState = new DepthStencilState() { StencilEnable = true, StencilFunction = CompareFunction.Equal, StencilPass = StencilOperation.Keep, ReferenceStencil = 1, DepthBufferEnable = false, }; ... if (_alphaEffect == null) { _alphaEffect = new AlphaTestEffect(_spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice); _alphaEffect.AlphaFunction = CompareFunction.LessEqual; _alphaEffect.ReferenceAlpha = 129; Matrix projection = Matrix.CreateOrthographicOffCenter(0, _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferWidth, _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferHeight, 0, 0, 1); _alphaEffect.Projection = world.SystemManager.GetSystem<RenderSystem>().Camera.View * projection; } _mask = new RenderTarget2D(_spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice, _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferWidth, _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferHeight, false, SurfaceFormat.Color, DepthFormat.Depth24Stencil8); _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(_mask); _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.Clear(ClearOptions.Target | ClearOptions.Stencil, Color.Transparent, 0, 0); _spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, null, null, AlwaysStencilState, null, _alphaEffect); _spriteBatch.Draw(sprite.Texture, position, sprite.SourceRectangle,Color.White, 0f, sprite.Origin, 1f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); _spriteBatch.End(); _spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, null, null, EqualStencilState, null, null); _spriteBatch.Draw(_maskTex, new Vector2(x * _maskTex.Width, y * _maskTex.Height), null, Color.White, 0f, Vector2.Zero, 1f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); _spriteBatch.End(); _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Black); _spriteBatch.Begin(); _spriteBatch.Draw((Texture2D)_mask, Vector2.Zero, null, Color.White, 0f, Vector2.Zero, 1f, SpriteEffects.None, layer/max_layer); _spriteBatch.End(); My problem is, I can't get the AlphaTestEffect to behave. I can either mask over the semi-transparent purple junk and fill it in with the green design, or I can draw over the completely opaque grassy texture. How can I specify the exact opacity that needs to be replace with the green design?

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• creating bounding box list

  - by Christian Frantz

  I'm trying to create a list of bounding boxes for each cube drawn, so I can use the boxes to intersect with a ray that my mouse position is casting, but I have no idea how. I've created a list that stores the boxes, but how am I getting the values from each box? for (int x = 0; x < mapHeight; x++) { for (int z = 0; z < mapWidth; z++) { cubes.Add(new Vector3(x, map[x, z], z), Matrix.Identity, grass); boxList.Add(something here); } } public Cube(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) { device = graphicsDevice; var vertices = new List<VertexPositionTexture>(); BuildFace(vertices, new Vector3(0, 0, 0), new Vector3(0, 1, 1)); BuildFace(vertices, new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector3(1, 1, 1)); BuildFace(vertices, new Vector3(1, 0, 1), new Vector3(1, 1, 0)); BuildFace(vertices, new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector3(0, 1, 0)); BuildFaceHorizontal(vertices, new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector3(1, 1, 1)); BuildFaceHorizontal(vertices, new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector3(1, 0, 0)); cubeVertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(device, VertexPositionTexture.VertexDeclaration, vertices.Count, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); cubeVertexBuffer.SetData<VertexPositionTexture>(vertices.ToArray()); } There aren't any clearly defined variables for the bounds of each cube created, so where do I create the bounding box from?

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• Why is permadeath essential to a roguelike design?

  - by Gregory Weir

  Roguelikes and roguelike-likes (Spelunky, The Binding of Isaac) tend to share a number of game design elements: Procedurally generated worlds Character growth by way of new abilities and powers Permanent death I can understand why starting with permadeath as a premise would lead you to the other ideas: if you're going to be starting over a lot, you'll want variety in your experiences. But why do the first two elements imply a permadeath approach?

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• Converting 3 axis vectors to a rotation matrix

  - by user38858

  I am trying to get a rotation matrix (in 3dsmax) from 3 vectors that form an axis (all 3 vectors are aligned by 90 degrees each other) Somewhere I read that I could build a rotation matrix just by inserting in every row one vector at a time (source: http://renderdan.blogspot.cz/2006/05/rotation-matrix-from-axis-vectors.html) So, I built a matrix with these example vectors x-axis : [-0.194624,-0.23715,-0.951778] y-axis : [-0.773012,0.634392,0] z-axis : [-0.6038,-0.735735,0.306788] But for some reason, if I try to convert this matrix to eulerangles, I receive this rotation: (eulerAngles 47.7284 6.12831 36.8263) ... which is totally wrong, and doesn't align to my 3 vectors at all. I know that rotation is quite difficult to understand, may someone shed some light? :)

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• Thread safe double buffering

  - by kdavis8

  I am trying to implement a draw map method that will draw the tiled image across the surface of the component. I'm having issue with this code. The double buffering does not seem to be working, because the sprite flickers like crazy; my source code: package myPackage; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.Toolkit; import java.awt.image.BufferStrategy; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import javax.swing.JFrame; public class GameView extends JFrame implements Runnable { public BufferedImage backbuffer; public Graphics2D g2d; public Image img; Thread gameloop; Scene scene; public GameView() { super("Game View"); setSize(600, 600); setVisible(true); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); backbuffer = new BufferedImage(getWidth(), getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); g2d = backbuffer.createGraphics(); Toolkit tk = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit(); img = tk.getImage(this.getClass().getResource("cage.png")); scene = new Scene(g2d, this); gameloop = new Thread(this); gameloop.start(); } public static void main(String args[]) { new GameView(); } public void paint(Graphics g) { g.drawImage(backbuffer, 0, 0, this); repaint(); } @Override public void run() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Thread t = Thread.currentThread(); while (t == gameloop) { scene.getScene("dirtmap"); g2d.drawImage(img, 80, 80,this![enter image description here][1]); } } private void drawScene(String string) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub // g2d.setColor(Color.white); // g2d.fillRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight()); scene.getScene(string); } } package myPackage; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Component; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.Toolkit; public class Scene { Graphics g2d; Component c; boolean loaded = false; public Scene(Graphics2D gr, Component co) { g2d = gr; c = co; } public void getScene(String mapName) { Toolkit tk = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit(); Image tile = tk.getImage(this.getClass().getResource("dirt.png")); // g2d.setColor(Color.red); for (int y = 0; y <= 18; y++) { for (int x = 0; x <= 18; x += 1) { g2d.drawImage(tile, x * 32, y * 32, c); } } loaded = true; } }

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• XNA 4.0: Problem with loading XML content files

  - by 200

  I'm new to XNA so hopefully my question isn't too silly. I'm trying to load content data from XML. My XML file is placed in my Content project (the new XNA 4 thing), called "Event1.xml": <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <XnaContent> <Asset Type="MyNamespace.Event"> // error on this line <name>1</name> </Asset> </XnaContent> My "Event" class is placed in my main project: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Xml.Linq; namespace MyNamespace { public class Event { public string name; } } The XML file is being called by my main game class inside the LoadContent() method: Event temp = Content.Load<Event>("Event1"); And this is the error I'm getting: There was an error while deserializing intermediate XML. Cannot find type "MyNamespace.Event" I think the problem is because at the time the XML is being evaluated, the Event class has not been established because one file is in my main project while the other is in my Content project (being a XNA 4.0 project and such). I have also tried changing the build action of the xml file from compile to content; however the program would then not be able to find the file and would give this other warning: Project item 'Event1.xml' was not built with the XNA Framework Content Pipeline. Set its Build Action property to Compile to build it. Any suggestions are appreciated. Thanks.

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• 2D OBB collision detection, resolving collisions?

  - by Milo

  I currently use OBBs and I have a vehicle that is a rigid body and some buildings. Here is my update() private void update() { camera.setPosition((vehicle.getPosition().x * camera.getScale()) - ((getWidth() ) / 2.0f), (vehicle.getPosition().y * camera.getScale()) - ((getHeight() ) / 2.0f)); //camera.move(input.getAnalogStick().getStickValueX() * 15.0f, input.getAnalogStick().getStickValueY() * 15.0f); if(input.isPressed(ControlButton.BUTTON_GAS)) { vehicle.setThrottle(1.0f, false); } if(input.isPressed(ControlButton.BUTTON_BRAKE)) { vehicle.setBrakes(1.0f); } vehicle.setSteering(input.getAnalogStick().getStickValueX()); vehicle.update(16.6666f / 1000.0f); ArrayList<Building> buildings = city.getBuildings(); for(Building b : buildings) { if(vehicle.getRect().overlaps(b.getRect())) { vehicle.update(-17.0f / 1000.0f); break; } } } The collision detection works well. What doesn't is how they are dealt with. My goal is simple. If the vehicle hits a building, it should stop, and never go into the building. When I apply negative torque to reverse the car should not feel buggy and move away from the building. I don't want this to look buggy. This is my rigid body class: class RigidBody extends Entity { //linear private Vector2D velocity = new Vector2D(); private Vector2D forces = new Vector2D(); private float mass; //angular private float angularVelocity; private float torque; private float inertia; //graphical private Vector2D halfSize = new Vector2D(); private Bitmap image; public RigidBody() { //set these defaults so we don't get divide by zeros mass = 1.0f; inertia = 1.0f; } //intialize out parameters public void initialize(Vector2D halfSize, float mass, Bitmap bitmap) { //store physical parameters this.halfSize = halfSize; this.mass = mass; image = bitmap; inertia = (1.0f / 20.0f) * (halfSize.x * halfSize.x) * (halfSize.y * halfSize.y) * mass; RectF rect = new RectF(); float scalar = 10.0f; rect.left = (int)-halfSize.x * scalar; rect.top = (int)-halfSize.y * scalar; rect.right = rect.left + (int)(halfSize.x * 2.0f * scalar); rect.bottom = rect.top + (int)(halfSize.y * 2.0f * scalar); setRect(rect); } public void setLocation(Vector2D position, float angle) { getRect().set(position, getWidth(), getHeight(), angle); } public Vector2D getPosition() { return getRect().getCenter(); } @Override public void update(float timeStep) { //integrate physics //linear Vector2D acceleration = Vector2D.scalarDivide(forces, mass); velocity = Vector2D.add(velocity, Vector2D.scalarMultiply(acceleration, timeStep)); Vector2D c = getRect().getCenter(); c = Vector2D.add(getRect().getCenter(), Vector2D.scalarMultiply(velocity , timeStep)); setCenter(c.x, c.y); forces = new Vector2D(0,0); //clear forces //angular float angAcc = torque / inertia; angularVelocity += angAcc * timeStep; setAngle(getAngle() + angularVelocity * timeStep); torque = 0; //clear torque } //take a relative Vector2D and make it a world Vector2D public Vector2D relativeToWorld(Vector2D relative) { Matrix mat = new Matrix(); float[] Vector2Ds = new float[2]; Vector2Ds[0] = relative.x; Vector2Ds[1] = relative.y; mat.postRotate(JMath.radToDeg(getAngle())); mat.mapVectors(Vector2Ds); return new Vector2D(Vector2Ds[0], Vector2Ds[1]); } //take a world Vector2D and make it a relative Vector2D public Vector2D worldToRelative(Vector2D world) { Matrix mat = new Matrix(); float[] Vectors = new float[2]; Vectors[0] = world.x; Vectors[1] = world.y; mat.postRotate(JMath.radToDeg(-getAngle())); mat.mapVectors(Vectors); return new Vector2D(Vectors[0], Vectors[1]); } //velocity of a point on body public Vector2D pointVelocity(Vector2D worldOffset) { Vector2D tangent = new Vector2D(-worldOffset.y, worldOffset.x); return Vector2D.add( Vector2D.scalarMultiply(tangent, angularVelocity) , velocity); } public void applyForce(Vector2D worldForce, Vector2D worldOffset) { //add linear force forces = Vector2D.add(forces ,worldForce); //add associated torque torque += Vector2D.cross(worldOffset, worldForce); } @Override public void draw( GraphicsContext c) { c.drawRotatedScaledBitmap(image, getPosition().x, getPosition().y, getWidth(), getHeight(), getAngle()); } } Essentially, when any rigid body hits a building it should exhibit the same behavior. How is collision solving usually done? Thanks

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