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  • Rotating a view of a chunked 2d tilemap

    - by Danie Clawson
    I'm working on a top-down (oblique) tile-based engine. I would like for the tiles to have a definable height in the world, with Characters being occluded by them, etc. This has led to a desire to be able to "rotate" the view of the world, even though I'm using all hand-drawn graphics and blitting. Therefor, I need to rotate the actual world itself, or change how the Camera traverses these arrays. How can, or should, I create individual rotations of 90 degrees, when I have multi-dimensional arrays? Is it faster to actually rotate the array, to access it differently, or to create pre-computed accessor(?) arrays, something like how my chunks work? How can I rotate an individual chunk, or set of chunks? Currently I establish my tile grid like this (tile height not included): function Surface(WIDTH, HEIGHT) { WIDTH = Math.max(WIDTH-(WIDTH%TPC), TPC); HEIGHT = Math.max(HEIGHT-(HEIGHT%TPC), TPC); this.tiles = []; this.chunks = []; //Establish tiles for(var x = 0; x < WIDTH; x++) { var col = [], ch_x = Math.floor(x/TPC); if(!this.chunks[ch_x]) this.chunks.push([]); for(var y = 0; y < HEIGHT; y++) { var tile = new Tile(x, y), ch_y = Math.floor(y/TPC); if(!this.chunks[ch_x][ch_y]) this.chunks[ch_x].push([]); this.chunks[ch_x][ch_y].push(tile); col.push(tile); } this.tiles.push(col); } }; Even some basic advice on my data struct would be much appreciated.

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  • Blender DirectX exporter to Panda3D

    - by jakebird451
    I have been experimenting with Panda3D lately. I have a character made in Blender with various bones and currently with one animation that I wish to export to a *.x format for Panda3D. My current attempt was to export the model was to first export with bones [Armatures] by checking the "Export Armatures" button in the export menu (file name: char.x). Thanks to the *.x file format, I read the file and it seems to have the same bone structure format as the model (with parenting and matrix positional data). The second export was selecting Animations - Full Animation to provide just the animation (file name: char_idle.x). The models exported just fine. I am not sure about the animation yet, but the file seems to be just fine. This is my code for loading the model into python & Panda3D: self.model = Actor("char.x",{"char_idle.x"}) When I run the program the command line provides a couple of errors, the main errors of interest are: :Actor(warning): char.x is not a character! and ... File "C:\Panda3D-1.8.0\direct\actor\Actor.py", line 284, in __init__ if (type(anims[anims.keys()[0]])==type({})): AttributeError: 'set' object has no attribute 'keys' The first error is the most interesting to me. The model works if I leave the animation dictionary blank. With no animations loaded the character appears in its un-animated T position, however the actor warning still shows up. The character should include the various bones when I exported the model right? I am not that experienced with blender, I'm just a programmer. So if the problem lies in blender please try to keep that in mind when posting a reply. I'll try my best to keep up. I also tried to print out the bone structure without any animations loaded and it provides a similar error with the line print self.model.listJoints(): File "C:\Panda3D-1.8.0\direct\actor\Actor.py", line 410, in listJoints Actor.notify.error("no part named: %s" % (partName)) File "C:\Panda3D-1.8.0\direct\directnotify\Notifier.py", line 132, in error raise exception(errorString) StandardError: no part named: modelRoot I really hope it is a simple exporting fix.

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  • Game engine help

    - by Nick
    So, I am looking to start designing a video game. My biggest problem right now is choosing the right game engine. I am hiring a programmer, so the language doesn't really matter as much. What I need is an engine with these features, for very, very cheap: -Ability to create very realistic AI -Ability to display, hundreds, possibly thousands of characters Also, if anyone has any experience with Darkbasic Pro, if they could give me a basic run-through and review of it. Thanks a lot!

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  • 2D non-tile based map editor

    - by Jonesy
    I am currently developing a relatively simple 2D, topdown oriented adventure game for the iPhone and was wondering what would be the easiest way to create the maps for my game. I figured I would need some kind of visual editor that would give me immediate feedback and would allow me to place all objects in the world exactly where I want them. I could then load the saved representation of the world I create in the editor in my game. So, I am looking for a simple map editor that allows me to do this. All the objects in my game are simply textured rectangles build up from two triangles. All I need to be able to do is position different rectangles/objects in the map, and give them a texture. I am using texture atlases, so it would be useful to be able to assign portions of textures to the objects. I then need to be able to extract all the objects from the saved representation of my maps, together with the name/identifier of the texture(atlas) they use, and the area of the texture atlas. I have looked at some tile-based map editors like Tiled and Ogmo, but they don't seem to be able to do what I want. Any suggestions? EDIT: a more concrete example: something like the GameMaker level editor, but then with added export functionality in a handy format.

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  • What to do with input during movement?

    - by user1895420
    In a concept I'm working on, the player can move from one position in a grid to the next. Once movement starts it can't be changed and takes a predetermined amount of time to finish (about a quarter of a second). Even though their movement can't be altered, the player can still press keys (perhaps in anticipation of their next move). What do I do with this input? Possibilities i've thought of: Ignore all input during movement. Log all input and loop through them one by one once movement finishes. Log the first or last input and move when possible. I'm not really sure which is the most appropriate or most natural. Hence my question: What do I do with player-input during movement?

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  • Render 2 images that uses different shaders

    - by Code Vader
    Based on the giawa/nehe tutorials, how can I render 2 images with different shaders. I'm pretty new to OpenGl and shaders so I'm not completely sure whats happening in my code, but I think the shaders that is called last overwrites the first one. private static void OnRenderFrame() { // calculate how much time has elapsed since the last frame watch.Stop(); float deltaTime = (float)watch.ElapsedTicks / System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.Frequency; watch.Restart(); // use the deltaTime to adjust the angle of the cube angle += deltaTime; // set up the OpenGL viewport and clear both the color and depth bits Gl.Viewport(0, 0, width, height); Gl.Clear(ClearBufferMask.ColorBufferBit | ClearBufferMask.DepthBufferBit); // use our shader program and bind the crate texture Gl.UseProgram(program); //<<<<<<<<<<<< TOP PYRAMID // set the transformation of the top_pyramid program["model_matrix"].SetValue(Matrix4.CreateRotationY(angle * rotate_cube)); program["enable_lighting"].SetValue(lighting); // bind the vertex positions, UV coordinates and element array Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(top_pyramid, program, "vertexPosition"); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(top_pyramidNormals, program, "vertexNormal"); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(top_pyramidUV, program, "vertexUV"); Gl.BindBuffer(top_pyramidTrianlges); // draw the textured top_pyramid Gl.DrawElements(BeginMode.Triangles, top_pyramidTrianlges.Count, DrawElementsType.UnsignedInt, IntPtr.Zero); //<<<<<<<<<< CUBE // set the transformation of the cube program["model_matrix"].SetValue(Matrix4.CreateRotationY(angle * rotate_cube)); program["enable_lighting"].SetValue(lighting); // bind the vertex positions, UV coordinates and element array Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(cube, program, "vertexPosition"); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(cubeNormals, program, "vertexNormal"); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(cubeUV, program, "vertexUV"); Gl.BindBuffer(cubeQuads); // draw the textured cube Gl.DrawElements(BeginMode.Quads, cubeQuads.Count, DrawElementsType.UnsignedInt, IntPtr.Zero); //<<<<<<<<<<<< BOTTOM PYRAMID // set the transformation of the bottom_pyramid program["model_matrix"].SetValue(Matrix4.CreateRotationY(angle * rotate_cube)); program["enable_lighting"].SetValue(lighting); // bind the vertex positions, UV coordinates and element array Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(bottom_pyramid, program, "vertexPosition"); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(bottom_pyramidNormals, program, "vertexNormal"); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(bottom_pyramidUV, program, "vertexUV"); Gl.BindBuffer(bottom_pyramidTrianlges); // draw the textured bottom_pyramid Gl.DrawElements(BeginMode.Triangles, bottom_pyramidTrianlges.Count, DrawElementsType.UnsignedInt, IntPtr.Zero); //<<<<<<<<<<<<< STAR Gl.Disable(EnableCap.DepthTest); Gl.Enable(EnableCap.Blend); Gl.BlendFunc(BlendingFactorSrc.SrcAlpha, BlendingFactorDest.One); Gl.BindTexture(starTexture); //calculate the camera position using some fancy polar co-ordinates Vector3 position = 20 * new Vector3(Math.Cos(phi) * Math.Sin(theta), Math.Cos(theta), Math.Sin(phi) * Math.Sin(theta)); Vector3 upVector = ((theta % (Math.PI * 2)) > Math.PI) ? Vector3.Up : Vector3.Down; program_2["view_matrix"].SetValue(Matrix4.LookAt(position, Vector3.Zero, upVector)); // make sure the shader program and texture are being used Gl.UseProgram(program_2); // loop through the stars, drawing each one for (int i = 0; i < stars.Count; i++) { // set the position and color of this star program_2["model_matrix"].SetValue(Matrix4.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(stars[i].dist, 0, 0)) * Matrix4.CreateRotationZ(stars[i].angle)); program_2["color"].SetValue(stars[i].color); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(star, program_2, "vertexPosition"); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(starUV, program_2, "vertexUV"); Gl.BindBuffer(starQuads); Gl.DrawElements(BeginMode.Quads, starQuads.Count, DrawElementsType.UnsignedInt, IntPtr.Zero); // update the position of the star stars[i].angle += (float)i / stars.Count * deltaTime * 2 * rotate_stars; stars[i].dist -= 0.2f * deltaTime * rotate_stars; // if we've reached the center then move this star outwards and give it a new color if (stars[i].dist < 0f) { stars[i].dist += 5f; stars[i].color = new Vector3(generator.NextDouble(), generator.NextDouble(), generator.NextDouble()); } } Glut.glutSwapBuffers(); } The same goes for the textures, whichever one I mention last gets applied to both object?

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  • Moving sprites on a graph in libGDX

    - by nosferat
    In my game I'd like to move sprites on a fixed path. Until this point I was trying to stick with the tools already provided by libGDX, like the Tiled map renderer classes so I'm looking for a solution nearly as convenient as that, e.g. I'd like to avoid creating the adjacency matrix by hand. Tiled has the functionality to add objects to the map but I'm not sure if I can use it for this purpose. Any idea?

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  • Can not remove cube in UDK

    - by user32228
    For some reason, I can't move or remove an 'invisible' cube which is on my map. I searched on Google to find a solution but somehow I still can't remove it. The cube looks like this: http://screencloud.net/v/uNyz In Brush Wireframe: http://screencloud.net/v/3C0c In Wireframe: screencloud.net/v/oGBj As you can see, I want to delete the brown cube. Selecting it and pressing the DEL button won't do anything. So, how do you delete the brown cube? EDIT: Seriously, I wrote this post a few minutes ago and I found the solution. However, I still don't know how to delete the brown cube.

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  • AI Game Programming : Bayesian Networks, how to make efficient?

    - by Mahbubur R Aaman
    We know that AI is one of the most important part of Game Programming. Bayesian networks is one of the core part of AI at Game Programming. Bayesian networks are graphs that compactly represent the relationship between random variables for a given problem. These graphs aid in performing reasoning or decision making in the face of uncertainty. Here me, utilizing the monte carlo method and genetic algorithms. But tooks much time and sometimes crashes due to memory. Is there any way to implement efficiently?

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  • Does swf provide better compress rate than zlib for png image?

    - by Huang F. Lei
    Somebody told me that when a png image is stored in swf, it's separated to several layer, hence the alpha channel can be compressed better. Is it true? Or, once png image is imported into a swf, it's format is changed, e.g converted into bitmap data, and than compressed by swf's compress algorithm. That's, it is not in png format anymore. I don't know how swf packing its resource, please tell me if you know.

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  • Trade offs of linking versus skinning geometry

    - by Jeff
    What are the trade offs between inherent in linking geometry to a node versus using skinned geometry? Specifically: What capabilities do you gain / lose from using each method? What are the performance impacts of doing one over the other? What are the specific situations where you would want to do one over the other? In addition, do the answers to these questions tend to be engine specific? If so, how much?

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  • Collisions not working as intended

    - by Stan
    I'm making a game, it's a terraria-like game, with 20x20 blocks, and you can place and remove those blocks. Now, I am trying to write collisions, but it isn't working as I want, the collision succesfully stops the player from going through the ground, but, when I press a key like A + S, that means if I walk down and left (Noclip is on atm), my player will go into the ground, bug up, and exit the ground somewhere else in the level. I made a video of it. The red text means which buttons I am pressing. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mo4frZyNwOs You see, if I press A and S together, I go into the ground. Here is my collision code: Vector2 collisionDist, normal; private bool IsColliding(Rectangle body1, Rectangle body2) { normal = Vector2.Zero; Vector2 body1Centre = new Vector2(body1.X + (body1.Width / 2), body1.Y + (body1.Height / 2)); Vector2 body2Centre = new Vector2(body2.X + (body2.Width / 2), body2.Y + (body2.Height / 2)); Vector2 distance, absDistance; float xMag, yMag; distance = body1Centre - body2Centre; float xAdd = ((body1.Width) + (body2.Width)) / 2.0f; float yAdd = ((body1.Height) + (body2.Height)) / 2.0f; absDistance.X = (distance.X < 0) ? -distance.X : distance.X; absDistance.Y = (distance.Y < 0) ? -distance.Y : distance.Y; if (!((absDistance.X < xAdd) && (absDistance.Y < yAdd))) return false; xMag = xAdd - absDistance.X; yMag = yAdd - absDistance.Y; if (xMag < yMag) normal.X = (distance.X > 0) ? xMag : -xMag; else normal.Y = (distance.Y > 0) ? yMag : -yMag; return true; } private void PlayerCollisions() { foreach (Block blocks in allTiles) { collisionDist = Vector2.Zero; if (blocks.Texture != airTile && blocks.Texture != stoneDarkTexture && blocks.Texture != stoneDarkTextureSelected && blocks.Texture != airTileSelected && blocks.Texture != doorTexture && blocks.Texture != doorTextureSelected) { if (IsColliding(player.plyRect, blocks.tileRect)) { if (normal.Length() > collisionDist.Length()) { collisionDist = normal; } player.Position.X += collisionDist.X; player.Position.Y += collisionDist.Y; break; } } } } I got PlayerCollisions() running in my Update method. As you can see it works partly, but if it runs perfectly, it would be awesome, though I have no idea how to fix this problem. Help would be greatly appreciated. EDIT: If I remove the break; it works partly, then it is just the thing that it spasms when it hits two or more blocks at once, like, if I touch 2/3 blocks at once, it does twice the force up. How can I make it so that it only does the force for one block, so it stays correct, and does not spasm? Thanks.

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  • Rotating object along bezier curve: not rotating enough?

    - by Paul
    I tried to follow the instructions from the threads on the forum (Cocos2d rotating sprite while moving with CCBezierBy) with Unity, in order to rotate my object as it moves along a bezier curve. But it does not rotate enough, the angle is too low, it goes up to 6 instead of 90 for example, as you can see on this image (the y eulerAngle is at 6, I would expect it to be around 90 with this curve) : Would you know why it does this? And how to make the rotation toward the next point? Here is the code (in c# with Unity) : (I am comparing x and z to get the angle, and adding the angle to eulerAngles.y so that it rotates around the y axis) void Update () { if ( Input.GetKey("d") ) start = true; if ( start ){ myTime = Time.time; start = false; } float theTime = (Time.time - myTime) *0.5f; if ( theTime < 1 ) { car.position = Spline.Interp( myArray, theTime );//creates the bezier curve counterBezier += Time.deltaTime; //compare 2 positions after 0.1f if ( counterBezier > 0.1f ){ counterBezier = 0; cbDone = false; newpos = car.position; float angle = Mathf.Atan2(newpos.z - oldpos.z, newpos.x - oldpos.x); angle += car.eulerAngles.y; car.eulerAngles = new Vector3(0,angle,0); } else if ( counterBezier > 0 && !cbDone ){ oldpos = car.position; cbDone = true; } Thanks

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  • How do people get around the Carmack's Reverse patent?

    - by Rei Miyasaka
    Apparently, Creative has a patent on Carmack's Reverse, and they successfully forced Id to modify their techniques for the source drop, as well as to include EAX in Doom 3. But Carmack's Reverse is discussed quite often and apparently it's a good choice for deferred shading, so it's presumably used in a lot of other high-budget productions too. Even though it's unlikely that Creative would go after smaller companies, I'm wondering how the bigger studios get around this problem. Do they just cross their fingers and hope Creative doesn't troll them, or do they just not use Carmack's Reverse at all?

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  • Flash framerate reliability

    - by Tim Cooper
    I am working in Flash and a few things have been brought to my attention. Below is some code I have some questions on: addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, function(e:Event):void { if (KEY_RIGHT) { // Move character right } // Etc. }); stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_DOWN, function(e:KeyboardEvent):void { // Report key which is down }); stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_UP, function(e:KeyboardEvent):void { // Report key which is up }); I have the project configured so that it has a framerate of 60 FPS. The two questions I have on this are: What happens when it is unable to call that function every 1/60 of a second? Is this a way of processing events that need to be limited by time (ex: a ball which needs to travel to the right of the screen from the left in X seconds)? Or should it be done a different way?

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  • Level editor event system, how to translate event to game action

    - by Martino Wullems
    Hello, I've been busy trying to create a level editor for a tile based game i'm working on. It's all going pretty fine, the only thing i'm having trouble with is creating a simple event system. Let's say the player steps on a particulair tile that had the action "teleport" assigned to it in the editor. The teleport string is saved in the tile object as a variable. When creating the tilegrid an actionmanager class scans the action variable and assigns actions to the variable. public static class ActionManager { public static function ParseTileAction(tile:Tile) { switch(tile.action) { case "TELEPORT": //assign action here break; } } } Now this is an collision event, so I guess I should also provide an object to colide with the tile. But what if it would have to count for collision with all objects in the world? Also, checking for collisions in the actionmanager class doesn't seem very efficient. Am I even on the right track here? I'm new to game design so I could be completly off track. Any tips on how handeling and creating events using an editor is usually done would be great. The main problem i'm having is the Thanks in advance.

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  • Stencyl or flash limitation?

    - by FlightOfGrey
    I have found that Stencyl doesn't seem to be very good at handling very many actors in a game. I had been trying to implement some basic AI at the moment all the behaviours were: wander (pick a random point and move directly to it) and wrap around screen (if it goes off the top of the screen it appears at the bottom). Even with these simple behaviours and calculations the frame rate dropped dramatically when there were more then 50 actors on screen: 10 actors: 60fps 50 actors: 30-50fps 75 actors: ~30fps 100 actors: 15-20fps 200 actors: 8-10fps I had planned on having a maximum of around 200 actors but I see that's no longer an option and implementing a more complicated AI system with flocking behaviour, looking at creating a game in a similar vein to flOw. I understand that a game is perfectly playable at 30fps but this is a super simple test with ultra simple graphics, no animations and no sounds is child's play in terms of calculations to be made. Is this a limitation with Stencyl or is it flash? Should I simply scale the scope of the game down or is there a better game engine that exports to .swf that I should look into?

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  • Sony PSM SDK's 2D game engine

    - by Notbad
    I have started with the Sony PSM SDK this week, I'm interested in creating a little 2D game and have been reading through the web about a so called "2D game engine" integrated into the SDK. Some information I read suggested that it was added on January 2012, but I have been going through the documentation and haven't been able to find any reference to it. Does anybody know if they finally introduced the 2D game engine for the PSM SDK? Thanks in advance.

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  • XNA 4.0: Problem with loading XML content files

    - by 200
    I'm new to XNA so hopefully my question isn't too silly. I'm trying to load content data from XML. My XML file is placed in my Content project (the new XNA 4 thing), called "Event1.xml": <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <XnaContent> <Asset Type="MyNamespace.Event"> // error on this line <name>1</name> </Asset> </XnaContent> My "Event" class is placed in my main project: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Xml.Linq; namespace MyNamespace { public class Event { public string name; } } The XML file is being called by my main game class inside the LoadContent() method: Event temp = Content.Load<Event>("Event1"); And this is the error I'm getting: There was an error while deserializing intermediate XML. Cannot find type "MyNamespace.Event" I think the problem is because at the time the XML is being evaluated, the Event class has not been established because one file is in my main project while the other is in my Content project (being a XNA 4.0 project and such). I have also tried changing the build action of the xml file from compile to content; however the program would then not be able to find the file and would give this other warning: Project item 'Event1.xml' was not built with the XNA Framework Content Pipeline. Set its Build Action property to Compile to build it. Any suggestions are appreciated. Thanks.

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  • How to Generate Spritesheet from a 'problematic' animated Symbol in Flash Pro CS6?

    - by Arthur Wulf White
    In the new Flash Pro CS6 there is an option to generate spriteheet from a symbol. I used these tutorials: http://www.adobe.com/devnet/flash/articles/using-sprite-sheet-generator.html http://tv.adobe.com/watch/cs6-creative-cloud-feature-tour-for-web/generating-sprite-sheets-using-flash-professional-cs6/ And it works really well! An artist I'm working with created a bunch of assets for a game. One of them is a walking person as seen from a top-down view. You can find the .fla here: https://docs.google.com/folder/d/0B3L2bumwc4onRGhLcGNId1p2Szg/edit (If this does not work let me know, it is the first time I used Google Drive to share files) 1 .When I press ctrl+enter I can see it is moving. When I look for the animation, I do not seem to find it. When I select to create a spritesheet, flash suggest creating a spritesheet with one frame in the base pose and no other (animation) frames. What is causing this and how do I correct it? 2 .I want to convert it to a sprite sheet for 32 angles of movement. Is there any magical easy way to get this done? Is there a workaround without using Flash CS6 to do the same thing?

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  • Changing Palette for Day/Light Mode using GIMP

    - by J.C.
    Hello, Suppose I've a picture, which want to achieve day/light mode by changing 8bpp color palette. If I want the pixel index of my picture is always fixed for both day mode and night mode. For example, the 1st pixel index is 100. Which I can look up index 100 in day mode palette and night mode palette. How can I use GIMP to do so? My goal is to not update my pixel index of my picture. Also, as you see in two palette, they are not one one mapping. That is index 1 of the day mode palette and index 1 of the night mode palette may not used in the same pixel of the picture, how can I tackle this problem? Actually, my use case is as follow I want to use one 8bpp picture to achieve day/night mode by update only the color palette (without updating the pixel index). The advantage is I only have to prepare 2 256 byte palette rather than saving 2 big pictures in my limited data ram. Thanks a lot

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  • Why does Farseer 2.x store temporaries as members and not on the stack? (.NET)

    - by Andrew Russell
    UPDATE: This question refers to Farseer 2.x. The newer 3.x doesn't seem to do this. I'm using Farseer Physics Engine quite extensively at the moment, and I've noticed that it seems to store a lot of temporary value types as members of the class, and not on the stack as one might expect. Here is an example from the Body class: private Vector2 _worldPositionTemp = Vector2.Zero; private Matrix _bodyMatrixTemp = Matrix.Identity; private Matrix _rotationMatrixTemp = Matrix.Identity; private Matrix _translationMatrixTemp = Matrix.Identity; public void GetBodyMatrix(out Matrix bodyMatrix) { Matrix.CreateTranslation(position.X, position.Y, 0, out _translationMatrixTemp); Matrix.CreateRotationZ(rotation, out _rotationMatrixTemp); Matrix.Multiply(ref _rotationMatrixTemp, ref _translationMatrixTemp, out bodyMatrix); } public Vector2 GetWorldPosition(Vector2 localPosition) { GetBodyMatrix(out _bodyMatrixTemp); Vector2.Transform(ref localPosition, ref _bodyMatrixTemp, out _worldPositionTemp); return _worldPositionTemp; } It looks like its a by-hand performance optimisation. But I don't see how this could possibly help performance? (If anything I think it would hurt by making objects much larger).

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  • Economic modelling - Resources for valuing goods

    - by Rushyo
    tl;dr: What economic/computer science books would you suggest for learning about economic valuation of goods and simulations thereof? I'm looking to create an economic model for a game based on goods created procedurally. Every natural resource and produced good would be procedurally generated, with certain goods being assigned certain uses. Fakesium might be used for the production of Weapon A and produced from Fakesium factories which use Dilithium and Widgets as reagents, where Widgets are also the product of Foo and Bar The problem is not creating the resources and their various production utlities - but getting the game's AI empires and merchants to correctly value the goods according to their scarcity, utility and production costs. I need to create a simulation of goods which allows the various game factions to assign a common value denominator (credits) to each resource, depending on how much its worth to that empire. I see the simulation being something like: "I have a high requirement for Weapon A. Since I don't have much of Fakesium, which is needed for Weapon A - I must have a high demand for Fakesium. If I can acquire Fakesium, devalue it. If not, increase its value - and also increase demand for Dilithium and Widgets too." This is very naive - because it may be much much cheaper for the empire to simply purchase Dilithium and Widgets directly rather than purchasing Fakesium, for example. Another example is two resources might allow the creation of Weapon A (Fakesium and Lieron), so we'd need to consider that. I've been scratching my head over the problem and it keeps growing. By the time the player joins the world, I'd expect enough iterations of this process to have occurred that prices would have largely normalised - and would then only trigger rarely to compensate for major changes (eg. if the player blows up the world's only Foo mine!) Could anyone suggest resources (books, largely) which outline this style of modelling, preferably in the context of simulations? Since this problem would never occur outside fantasy worlds, I figured this is probably the most likely place to find people who have encountered similar problems and I'm sure there's people who know of good places for Games Developers to start looking at less specific economic theory too. Additionally, does anyone know of any developers with blogs whose games or research applications perform similar modelling?

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  • Collision Detection in Java for a game

    - by gordsmash
    Im making a game in Java with a few other people but we are stuck on one part of it, making the collision detection. The game is an RPG and I know how to do the collision detection with the characters using Rectangles, but what I dont know how to do is the collision detection for the maps. What I mean by that is like so the character cant walk over trees or water and that stuff but using rectangles doesnt seem like the best option here. Well to explain what the game maps are gonna look like, here is an example http://i980.photobucket.com/albums/ae287/gordsmash/7-8.jpg Now I could use rectangles to get bounds and stop the player from walking over the trees and water but that would take a lot of them. But is there another easier way to prevent the player from walking over the trees and obstacles besides using Rectangles?

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  • Taking fixed direction on hemisphere and project to normal (openGL)

    - by Maik Xhani
    I am trying to perform sampling using hemisphere around a surface normal. I want to experiment with fixed directions (and maybe jitter slightly between frames). So I have those directions: vec3 sampleDirections[6] = {vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), vec3(0.0f, 0.5f, 0.866025f), vec3(0.823639f, 0.5f, 0.267617f), vec3(0.509037f, 0.5f, -0.700629f), vec3(-0.509037f, 0.5f, -0.700629), vec3(-0.823639f, 0.5f, 0.267617f)}; now I want the first direction to be projected on the normal and the others accordingly. I tried these 2 codes, both failing. This is what I used for random sampling (it doesn't seem to work well, the samples seem to be biased towards a certain direction) and I just used one of the fixed directions instead of s (here is the code of the random sample, when i used it with the fixed direction i didn't use theta and phi). vec3 CosWeightedRandomHemisphereDirection( vec3 n, float rand1, float rand2 ) float theta = acos(sqrt(1.0f-rand1)); float phi = 6.283185f * rand2; vec3 s = vec3(sin(theta) * cos(phi), sin(theta) * sin(phi), cos(theta)); vec3 v = normalize(cross(n,vec3(0.0072, 1.0, 0.0034))); vec3 u = cross(v, n); u = s.x*u; v = s.y*v; vec3 w = s.z*n; vec3 direction = u+v+w; return normalize(direction); } ** EDIT ** This is the new code vec3 FixedHemisphereDirection( vec3 n, vec3 sampleDir) { vec3 x; vec3 z; if(abs(n.x) < abs(n.y)){ if(abs(n.x) < abs(n.z)){ x = vec3(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); }else{ x = vec3(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); } }else{ if(abs(n.y) < abs(n.z)){ x = vec3(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f); }else{ x = vec3(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); } } z = normalize(cross(x,n)); x = cross(n,z); mat3 M = mat3( x.x, n.x, z.x, x.y, n.y, z.y, x.z, n.z, z.z); return M*sampleDir; } So if my n = (0,0,1); and my sampleDir = (0,1,0); shouldn't the M*sampleDir be (0,0,1)? Cause that is what I was expecting.

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