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  • How does this game loop actually work?

    - by Nicolai
    I read this playfulJS post, about ray-casting: http://www.playfuljs.com/a-first-person-engine-in-265-lines/ It looks really interested, so I decided to look at his javascript. I am no expert in javascript, so I quickly got lost. It's the game loop "object" that really gets me. I simply don't understand how it works. From the code: function GameLoop() { this.frame = this.frame.bind(this); this.lastTime = 0; this.callback = function() {}; } GameLoop.prototype.start = function(callback) { this.callback = callback; requestAnimationFrame(this.frame); }; GameLoop.prototype.frame = function(time) { var seconds = (time - this.lastTime) / 1000; this.lastTime = time; if (seconds < 0.2) this.callback(seconds); requestAnimationFrame(this.frame); }; var loop = new GameLoop(); loop.start(function frame(seconds) { map.update(seconds); player.update(controls.states, map, seconds); camera.render(player, map); }); Now, what really confuses me here, is this bind stuff and how this actually loops. I am guessing, that if less than 0.2 seconds have passed, since the last time the loop was run, it simply goes back to re-check the time. If more than 0.2 seconds have passed, it leaves the frame function, and executes the 3 lines in the loop. But, if this is true, then how does the loop.start() get called again? And what on earth is the meaning of this.frame = this.frame.bind(this);? I've looked up prototypes bind() but I really don't understand it.

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  • Using Ogre particle point billboards with shaders

    - by Jay
    I'm learning about using Ogre particles and had some questions about how the point type particles work. Q. I believe point type particles are implemented as a single position. Is one single vertex is passed to the vertex shader? Q. If one vertex is passed to the vertex shader then what gets sent to the fragment shader? Q. Can I pass the particle size to the shader? Perhaps with a custom parameter?

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  • Render 2 images that uses different shaders

    - by Code Vader
    Based on the giawa/nehe tutorials, how can I render 2 images with different shaders. I'm pretty new to OpenGl and shaders so I'm not completely sure whats happening in my code, but I think the shaders that is called last overwrites the first one. private static void OnRenderFrame() { // calculate how much time has elapsed since the last frame watch.Stop(); float deltaTime = (float)watch.ElapsedTicks / System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.Frequency; watch.Restart(); // use the deltaTime to adjust the angle of the cube angle += deltaTime; // set up the OpenGL viewport and clear both the color and depth bits Gl.Viewport(0, 0, width, height); Gl.Clear(ClearBufferMask.ColorBufferBit | ClearBufferMask.DepthBufferBit); // use our shader program and bind the crate texture Gl.UseProgram(program); //<<<<<<<<<<<< TOP PYRAMID // set the transformation of the top_pyramid program["model_matrix"].SetValue(Matrix4.CreateRotationY(angle * rotate_cube)); program["enable_lighting"].SetValue(lighting); // bind the vertex positions, UV coordinates and element array Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(top_pyramid, program, "vertexPosition"); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(top_pyramidNormals, program, "vertexNormal"); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(top_pyramidUV, program, "vertexUV"); Gl.BindBuffer(top_pyramidTrianlges); // draw the textured top_pyramid Gl.DrawElements(BeginMode.Triangles, top_pyramidTrianlges.Count, DrawElementsType.UnsignedInt, IntPtr.Zero); //<<<<<<<<<< CUBE // set the transformation of the cube program["model_matrix"].SetValue(Matrix4.CreateRotationY(angle * rotate_cube)); program["enable_lighting"].SetValue(lighting); // bind the vertex positions, UV coordinates and element array Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(cube, program, "vertexPosition"); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(cubeNormals, program, "vertexNormal"); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(cubeUV, program, "vertexUV"); Gl.BindBuffer(cubeQuads); // draw the textured cube Gl.DrawElements(BeginMode.Quads, cubeQuads.Count, DrawElementsType.UnsignedInt, IntPtr.Zero); //<<<<<<<<<<<< BOTTOM PYRAMID // set the transformation of the bottom_pyramid program["model_matrix"].SetValue(Matrix4.CreateRotationY(angle * rotate_cube)); program["enable_lighting"].SetValue(lighting); // bind the vertex positions, UV coordinates and element array Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(bottom_pyramid, program, "vertexPosition"); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(bottom_pyramidNormals, program, "vertexNormal"); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(bottom_pyramidUV, program, "vertexUV"); Gl.BindBuffer(bottom_pyramidTrianlges); // draw the textured bottom_pyramid Gl.DrawElements(BeginMode.Triangles, bottom_pyramidTrianlges.Count, DrawElementsType.UnsignedInt, IntPtr.Zero); //<<<<<<<<<<<<< STAR Gl.Disable(EnableCap.DepthTest); Gl.Enable(EnableCap.Blend); Gl.BlendFunc(BlendingFactorSrc.SrcAlpha, BlendingFactorDest.One); Gl.BindTexture(starTexture); //calculate the camera position using some fancy polar co-ordinates Vector3 position = 20 * new Vector3(Math.Cos(phi) * Math.Sin(theta), Math.Cos(theta), Math.Sin(phi) * Math.Sin(theta)); Vector3 upVector = ((theta % (Math.PI * 2)) > Math.PI) ? Vector3.Up : Vector3.Down; program_2["view_matrix"].SetValue(Matrix4.LookAt(position, Vector3.Zero, upVector)); // make sure the shader program and texture are being used Gl.UseProgram(program_2); // loop through the stars, drawing each one for (int i = 0; i < stars.Count; i++) { // set the position and color of this star program_2["model_matrix"].SetValue(Matrix4.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(stars[i].dist, 0, 0)) * Matrix4.CreateRotationZ(stars[i].angle)); program_2["color"].SetValue(stars[i].color); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(star, program_2, "vertexPosition"); Gl.BindBufferToShaderAttribute(starUV, program_2, "vertexUV"); Gl.BindBuffer(starQuads); Gl.DrawElements(BeginMode.Quads, starQuads.Count, DrawElementsType.UnsignedInt, IntPtr.Zero); // update the position of the star stars[i].angle += (float)i / stars.Count * deltaTime * 2 * rotate_stars; stars[i].dist -= 0.2f * deltaTime * rotate_stars; // if we've reached the center then move this star outwards and give it a new color if (stars[i].dist < 0f) { stars[i].dist += 5f; stars[i].color = new Vector3(generator.NextDouble(), generator.NextDouble(), generator.NextDouble()); } } Glut.glutSwapBuffers(); } The same goes for the textures, whichever one I mention last gets applied to both object?

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  • Redering performance in FlasCC + UDK when compared to Stage3d and UDK on Windows?

    - by Arthur Wulf White
    http://gaming.adobe.com/technologies/flascc/ Developers can now access UDK for browser applications. Does this mean greater performance than using a Stage3D engine (Away3D 4) and how much of a noticeable difference in performance would it make in rendering speeds? Is there any benchmark you could propose that would allow to compare them fairly? I am asking this to help myself understand the consequences in performance for deciding to use UDK in a browser based game. I would also like to know how it compares with UDK running natively in Windows? I am not asking which technology to use or which is better. Only interested in the optimizing rendering speed in a 3d browser game with flash.

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  • Camera wont stay behind model after pitch, then rotation

    - by ChocoMan
    I have a camera position behind a model. Currently, if I push the left thumbstick making my model move forward, backward, or strafe, the camera stays with the model. If I push the right thumbstick left or right, the model rotates in those directions fine along with the camera rotating while maintaining its position relatively behind the model. But when I pitch the model up or down, then rotate the model afterwards, the camera moves slightly rotates in a clock-like fashion behind the model. If I do a few rotations of the model and try to pitch the camera, the camera will eventually be looking at the side, then eventually the front of the model while also rotating in a clock-like fashion. My question is, how do I keep the camera to pitch up and down behind the model no matter how much the model has rotated? Here is what I got: // Rotates model and pitches camera on its own axis public void modelRotMovement(GamePadState pController) { // Rotates Camera with model Yaw = pController.ThumbSticks.Right.X * MathHelper.ToRadians(angularSpeed); // Pitches Camera around model Pitch = pController.ThumbSticks.Right.Y * MathHelper.ToRadians(angularSpeed); AddRotation = Quaternion.CreateFromYawPitchRoll(Yaw, 0, 0); ModelLoad.MRotation *= AddRotation; MOrientation = Matrix.CreateFromQuaternion(ModelLoad.MRotation); } // Orbit (yaw) Camera around with model (only seeing back of model) public void cameraYaw(Vector3 axisYaw, float yaw) { ModelLoad.CameraPos = Vector3.Transform(ModelLoad.CameraPos - ModelLoad.camTarget, Matrix.CreateFromAxisAngle(axisYaw, yaw)) + ModelLoad.camTarget; } // Raise camera above or below model's shoulders public void cameraPitch(Vector3 axisPitch, float pitch) { ModelLoad.CameraPos = Vector3.Transform(ModelLoad.CameraPos - ModelLoad.camTarget, Matrix.CreateFromAxisAngle(axisPitch, pitch)) + ModelLoad.camTarget; } // Call in update method public void updateCamera() { cameraYaw(Vector3.Up, Yaw); cameraPitch(Vector3.Right, Pitch); } NOTE: I tried to use addPitch just like addRotation but it didn't work...

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  • 2D Selective Gaussian Blur

    - by Joshua Thomas
    I am attempting to use Gaussian blur on a 2D platform game, selectively blurring specific types of platforms with different amounts. I am currently just messing around with simple test code, trying to get it to work correctly. What I need to eventually do is create three separate render targets, leave one normal, blur one slightly, and blur the last heavily, then recombine on the screen. Where I am now is I have successfully drawn into a new render target and performed the gaussian blur on it, but when I draw it back to the screen everything is purple aside from the platforms I drew to the target. This is my .fx file: #define RADIUS 7 #define KERNEL_SIZE (RADIUS * 2 + 1) //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Globals. //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- float weights[KERNEL_SIZE]; float2 offsets[KERNEL_SIZE]; //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Textures. //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- texture colorMapTexture; sampler2D colorMap = sampler_state { Texture = <colorMapTexture>; MipFilter = Linear; MinFilter = Linear; MagFilter = Linear; }; //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Pixel Shaders. //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- float4 PS_GaussianBlur(float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD) : COLOR0 { float4 color = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); for (int i = 0; i < KERNEL_SIZE; ++i) color += tex2D(colorMap, texCoord + offsets[i]) * weights[i]; return color; } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Techniques. //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- technique GaussianBlur { pass { PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 PS_GaussianBlur(); } } This is the code I'm using for the gaussian blur: public Texture2D PerformGaussianBlur(Texture2D srcTexture, RenderTarget2D renderTarget1, RenderTarget2D renderTarget2, SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { if (effect == null) throw new InvalidOperationException("GaussianBlur.fx effect not loaded."); Texture2D outputTexture = null; Rectangle srcRect = new Rectangle(0, 0, srcTexture.Width, srcTexture.Height); Rectangle destRect1 = new Rectangle(0, 0, renderTarget1.Width, renderTarget1.Height); Rectangle destRect2 = new Rectangle(0, 0, renderTarget2.Width, renderTarget2.Height); // Perform horizontal Gaussian blur. game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget1); effect.CurrentTechnique = effect.Techniques["GaussianBlur"]; effect.Parameters["weights"].SetValue(kernel); effect.Parameters["colorMapTexture"].SetValue(srcTexture); effect.Parameters["offsets"].SetValue(offsetsHoriz); spriteBatch.Begin(0, BlendState.Opaque, null, null, null, effect); spriteBatch.Draw(srcTexture, destRect1, Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); // Perform vertical Gaussian blur. game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget2); outputTexture = (Texture2D)renderTarget1; effect.Parameters["colorMapTexture"].SetValue(outputTexture); effect.Parameters["offsets"].SetValue(offsetsVert); spriteBatch.Begin(0, BlendState.Opaque, null, null, null, effect); spriteBatch.Draw(outputTexture, destRect2, Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); // Return the Gaussian blurred texture. game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); outputTexture = (Texture2D)renderTarget2; return outputTexture; } And this is the draw method affected: public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { device.SetRenderTarget(maxBlur); spriteBatch.Begin(); foreach (Brick brick in blueBricks) brick.Draw(spriteBatch); spriteBatch.End(); blue = gBlur.PerformGaussianBlur((Texture2D) maxBlur, helperTarget, maxBlur, spriteBatch); spriteBatch.Begin(); device.SetRenderTarget(null); foreach (Brick brick in redBricks) brick.Draw(spriteBatch); foreach (Brick brick in greenBricks) brick.Draw(spriteBatch); spriteBatch.Draw(blue, new Rectangle(0, 0, blue.Width, blue.Height), Color.White); foreach (Brick brick in purpleBricks) brick.Draw(spriteBatch); spriteBatch.End(); } I'm sorry about the massive brick of text and images(or not....new user, I tried, it said no), but I wanted to get my problem across clearly as I have been searching for an answer to this for quite a while now. As a side note, I have seen the bloom sample. Very well commented, but overly complicated since it deals in 3D; I was unable to take what I needed to learn form it. Thanks for any and all help.

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  • Facilitating XNA game deployments for non programmers

    - by Sal
    I'm currently working on an RPG, using the RPG starter kit from XNA as a base. (http://xbox.create.msdn.com/en-US/education/catalog/sample/roleplaying_game) I'm working with a small team (two designers and one music/sound artist), but I'm the only programmer. Currently, we're working with the following (unsustainable) system: the team creates new pics/sounds to add to the game, or they modify existing sounds/pics, then they commit their work to a repository, where we keep a current build of everything. (Code, images, sound, etc.) Every day or so, I create a new installer, reflecting the new images, code changes, and sound, and everyone installs it. My issue is this: I want to create a system where the rest of the team can replace the combat sounds, for instance, and they can immediately see the changes, without having to wait for me to build. The way XNA's setup, if I publish, it encodes all of the image and sound files, so the team can't "hot swap." I can set up Microsoft VS on everyone's machine and show them how to quickly publish, but I wanted to know if there was a simpler way of doing this. Has anyone come up against this when working with teams using XNA?

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  • xna orbit camera troubles

    - by user17753
    I have a Model named cube to which I load in LoadContent(): cube = Content.Load<Model>("untitled");. In the Draw Method I call DrawModel: private void DrawModel(Model m, Matrix world) { foreach (ModelMesh mesh in m.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.View = camera.View; effect.Projection = camera.Projection; effect.World = world; } mesh.Draw(); } } camera is of the Camera type, a class I've setup. Right now it is instantiated in the initialization section with the graphics aspect ratio and the translation (world) vector of the model, and the Draw loop calls the camera.UpdateCamera(); before drawing the models. class Camera { #region Fields private Matrix view; // View Matrix for Camera private Matrix projection; // Projection Matrix for Camera private Vector3 position; // Position of Camera private Vector3 target; // Point camera is "aimed" at private float aspectRatio; //Aspect Ratio for projection private float speed; //Speed of camera private Vector3 camup = Vector3.Up; #endregion #region Accessors /// <summary> /// View Matrix of the Camera -- Read Only /// </summary> public Matrix View { get { return view; } } /// <summary> /// Projection Matrix of the Camera -- Read Only /// </summary> public Matrix Projection { get { return projection; } } #endregion /// <summary> /// Creates a new Camera. /// </summary> /// <param name="AspectRatio">Aspect Ratio to use for the projection.</param> /// <param name="Position">Target coord to aim camera at.</param> public Camera(float AspectRatio, Vector3 Target) { target = Target; aspectRatio = AspectRatio; ResetCamera(); } private void Rotate(Vector3 Axis, float Amount) { position = Vector3.Transform(position - target, Matrix.CreateFromAxisAngle(Axis, Amount)) + target; } /// <summary> /// Resets Default Values of the Camera /// </summary> private void ResetCamera() { speed = 0.05f; position = target + new Vector3(0f, 20f, 20f); projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.PiOver4, aspectRatio, 0.5f, 100f); CalculateViewMatrix(); } /// <summary> /// Updates the Camera. Should be first thing done in Draw loop /// </summary> public void UpdateCamera() { Rotate(Vector3.Right, speed); CalculateViewMatrix(); } /// <summary> /// Calculates the View Matrix for the camera /// </summary> private void CalculateViewMatrix() { view = Matrix.CreateLookAt(position,target, camup); } I'm trying to create the camera so that it can orbit the center of the model. For a test I am calling Rotate(Vector3.Right, speed); but it rotates almost right but gets to a point where it "flips." If I rotate along a different axis Rotate(Vector3.Up, speed); everything seems OK in that direction. So I guess, can someone tell me what I'm not accounting for in the above code I wrote? Or point me to an example of an orbiting camera that can be fixed on an arbitrary point?

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  • Drawing particles with CPU instead of GPU (XNA)

    - by Helix
    I'm trying out modifications to the following particle system. http://create.msdn.com/en-US/education/catalog/sample/particle_3d I have a function such that when I press Space, all the particles have their positions and velocities set to 0. for (int i = 0; i < particles.GetLength(0); i++) { particles[i].Position = Vector3.Zero; particles[i].Velocity = Vector3.Zero; } However, when I press space, the particles are still moving. If I go to FireParticleSystem.cs I can turn settings.Gravity to 0 and the particles stop moving, but the particles are still not being shifted to (0,0,0). As I understand it, the problem lies in the fact that the GPU is processing all the particle positions, and it's calculating where the particles should be based on their initial position, their initial velocity and multiplying by their age. Therefore, all I've been able to do is change the initial position and velocity of particles, but I'm unable to do it on the fly since the GPU is handling everything. I want the CPU to calculate the positions of the particles individually. This is because I will be later implementing some sort of wind to push the particles around. How do I stop the GPU from taking over? I think it's something to do with VertexBuffers and the draw function, but I don't know how to modify it to make it work.

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  • Blender multiple animations and Collada export

    - by Morgan Bengtsson
    Say I have a simple mesh in Blender, with two keyframes, like so: Then, another animation for the same mesh, also with two keyframes: Theese animations worke fine in Blender and I can switch between them in the Dopesheet, where they are called "actions": The problem arises, when i try to export this to the Collada format, for use in my game engine. The only animation/action that seems to be carried over, is the one currently associated to the mesh. Is it possible to export multiple animations/actions for the same mesh, to the Collada format?

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  • Cocos2dx- Draw primitives(polygons) on Update

    - by Haider
    In my game I'm trying to draw polygons on on each step i.e. update method. I call draw() method to draw new polygon with dynamic vertices. Following is my code: void HelloWorld::draw(){glLineWidth(1);CCPoint filledVertices[] = {ccp(drawX1,drawY1),ccp(drawX2,drawY2), ccp(drawX3,drawY3), ccp(drawX4,drawY4)};ccDrawSolidPoly( filledVertices, 4, ccc4f(0.5f, 0.5f, 1, 1 ));} I call the draw() method from the update(float dt) method. The engine is behaving inconsistently i.e. sometimes it displays the polygons and on other occasions it does not. Is it the right approach to do such a task? If not what is the best way to display large number of primitives?

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  • glm quaternion camera rotating on wrong axis

    - by Jarrett
    I'm trying to get my camera implemented with a glm::quat used to store the rotation. However, whenever I do circles with the mouse, the camera rotates along the axis I am viewing (i.e. I think it's called the target axis). For example, if I rotated the mouse in a clockwise fashion, the camera rotates clockwise around the axis. I initialize my quaternion like so: void Camera::initialize() { orientationQuaternion_ = glm::quat(); orientationQuaternion_ = glm::normalize(orientationQuaternion_); } I rotate like so: void Camera::rotate(const glm::detail::float32& degrees, const glm::vec3& axis) { orientationQuaternion_ = orientationQuaternion_ * glm::normalize(glm::angleAxis(degrees, axis)); } and I set the viewMatrix like so: void Camera::render() { glm::quat temp = glm::conjugate(orientationQuaternion_); viewMatrix_ = glm::mat4_cast(temp); viewMatrix_ = glm::translate(viewMatrix_, glm::vec3(-pos_.x, -pos_.y, -pos_.z)); } The only axis' I actually try to rotate are the X and Y axis (i.e. (1,0,0) and (0,1,0)). Anyone have any idea why I see my camera rotating around the target axis?

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  • Custom shadow mapping in Unity 3D Free Edition

    - by nosferat
    Since real time hard and soft shadows are Unity 3D Pro only features I thought I will learn Cg programming and create my own shadow mapping shader. But after some digging I found that the shadow mapping technique uses depth textures, and in Unity depth values can be accessed through a Render Texture object, which is Unity Pro only again. So is it true, that I cannot create real time shadow shaders as a workaround to the limitations of the free version?

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  • Taking fixed direction on hemisphere and project to normal (openGL)

    - by Maik Xhani
    I am trying to perform sampling using hemisphere around a surface normal. I want to experiment with fixed directions (and maybe jitter slightly between frames). So I have those directions: vec3 sampleDirections[6] = {vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), vec3(0.0f, 0.5f, 0.866025f), vec3(0.823639f, 0.5f, 0.267617f), vec3(0.509037f, 0.5f, -0.700629f), vec3(-0.509037f, 0.5f, -0.700629), vec3(-0.823639f, 0.5f, 0.267617f)}; now I want the first direction to be projected on the normal and the others accordingly. I tried these 2 codes, both failing. This is what I used for random sampling (it doesn't seem to work well, the samples seem to be biased towards a certain direction) and I just used one of the fixed directions instead of s (here is the code of the random sample, when i used it with the fixed direction i didn't use theta and phi). vec3 CosWeightedRandomHemisphereDirection( vec3 n, float rand1, float rand2 ) float theta = acos(sqrt(1.0f-rand1)); float phi = 6.283185f * rand2; vec3 s = vec3(sin(theta) * cos(phi), sin(theta) * sin(phi), cos(theta)); vec3 v = normalize(cross(n,vec3(0.0072, 1.0, 0.0034))); vec3 u = cross(v, n); u = s.x*u; v = s.y*v; vec3 w = s.z*n; vec3 direction = u+v+w; return normalize(direction); } ** EDIT ** This is the new code vec3 FixedHemisphereDirection( vec3 n, vec3 sampleDir) { vec3 x; vec3 z; if(abs(n.x) < abs(n.y)){ if(abs(n.x) < abs(n.z)){ x = vec3(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); }else{ x = vec3(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); } }else{ if(abs(n.y) < abs(n.z)){ x = vec3(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f); }else{ x = vec3(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); } } z = normalize(cross(x,n)); x = cross(n,z); mat3 M = mat3( x.x, n.x, z.x, x.y, n.y, z.y, x.z, n.z, z.z); return M*sampleDir; } So if my n = (0,0,1); and my sampleDir = (0,1,0); shouldn't the M*sampleDir be (0,0,1)? Cause that is what I was expecting.

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  • VBO and shaders confusion, what's their connection?

    - by Jeffrey
    Considering OpenGL 2.1 VBOs and 1.20 GLSL shaders: When creating an entity like "Zombie", is it good to initialize just the VBO buffer with the data once and do N glDrawArrays() calls per each N zombies? Is there a more efficient way? (With a single call we cannot pass different uniforms to the shader to calculate an offset, see point 3) When dealing with logical object (player, tree, cube etc), should I always use the same shader or should I customize (or be able to customize) the shaders per each object? Considering an entity class, should I create and define the shader at object initialization? When having a movable object such as a human, is there any more powerful way to deal with its coordinates than to initialize its VBO object at 0,0 and define an uniform offset to pass to the shader to calculate its real position? Could you make an example of the Data Oriented Design on creating a generic zombie class? Is the following good? Zombielist class: class ZombieList { GLuint vbo; // generic zombie vertex model std::vector<color>; // object default color std::vector<texture>; // objects textures std::vector<vector3D>; // objects positions public: unsigned int create(); // return object id void move(unsigned int objId, vector3D offset); void rotate(unsigned int objId, float angle); void setColor(unsigned int objId, color c); void setPosition(unsigned int objId, color c); void setTexture(unsigned int, unsigned int); ... void update(Player*); // move towards player, attack if near } Example: Player p; Zombielist zl; unsigned int first = zl.create(); zl.setPosition(first, vector3D(50, 50)); zl.setTexture(first, texture("zombie1.png")); ... while (running) { // main loop ... zl.update(&p); zl.draw(); // draw every zombie }

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  • 2D non-tile based map editor

    - by Jonesy
    I am currently developing a relatively simple 2D, topdown oriented adventure game for the iPhone and was wondering what would be the easiest way to create the maps for my game. I figured I would need some kind of visual editor that would give me immediate feedback and would allow me to place all objects in the world exactly where I want them. I could then load the saved representation of the world I create in the editor in my game. So, I am looking for a simple map editor that allows me to do this. All the objects in my game are simply textured rectangles build up from two triangles. All I need to be able to do is position different rectangles/objects in the map, and give them a texture. I am using texture atlases, so it would be useful to be able to assign portions of textures to the objects. I then need to be able to extract all the objects from the saved representation of my maps, together with the name/identifier of the texture(atlas) they use, and the area of the texture atlas. I have looked at some tile-based map editors like Tiled and Ogmo, but they don't seem to be able to do what I want. Any suggestions? EDIT: a more concrete example: something like the GameMaker level editor, but then with added export functionality in a handy format.

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  • Resolution Independence in libGDX

    - by ashes999
    How do I make my libGDX game resolution/density independent? Is there a way to specify image sizes as "absolute" regardless of the underlying density? I'm making a very simple kids game; just a bunch of sprites displayed on-screen, and some text for menus (options menu primarily). What I want to know is: how do I make my sprites/fonts resolution independent? (I have wrapped them in my own classes to make things easier.) Since it's a simple kids game, I don't need to worry about the "playable area" of the game; I want to use as much of the screen space as possible. What I'm doing right now, which seems super incorrect, is to simply create images suitable for large resolutions, and then scale down (or rarely, up) to fit the screen size. This seems to work okay (in the desktop version), even with linear mapping on my textures, but the smaller resolutions look ugly. Also, this seems to fly in the face of Android's "device independent pixels" (DPs). Or maybe I'm missing something and libGDX already takes care of this somehow? What's the best way to tackle this? I found this link; is this a good way of solving the problem?: http://www.dandeliongamestudio.com/2011/09/12/android-fragmentation-density-independent-pixel-dip/ It mentions how to control the images, but it doesn't mention how to specify font/image sizes regardless of density.

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  • Blender DirectX exporter to Panda3D

    - by jakebird451
    I have been experimenting with Panda3D lately. I have a character made in Blender with various bones and currently with one animation that I wish to export to a *.x format for Panda3D. My current attempt was to export the model was to first export with bones [Armatures] by checking the "Export Armatures" button in the export menu (file name: char.x). Thanks to the *.x file format, I read the file and it seems to have the same bone structure format as the model (with parenting and matrix positional data). The second export was selecting Animations - Full Animation to provide just the animation (file name: char_idle.x). The models exported just fine. I am not sure about the animation yet, but the file seems to be just fine. This is my code for loading the model into python & Panda3D: self.model = Actor("char.x",{"char_idle.x"}) When I run the program the command line provides a couple of errors, the main errors of interest are: :Actor(warning): char.x is not a character! and ... File "C:\Panda3D-1.8.0\direct\actor\Actor.py", line 284, in __init__ if (type(anims[anims.keys()[0]])==type({})): AttributeError: 'set' object has no attribute 'keys' The first error is the most interesting to me. The model works if I leave the animation dictionary blank. With no animations loaded the character appears in its un-animated T position, however the actor warning still shows up. The character should include the various bones when I exported the model right? I am not that experienced with blender, I'm just a programmer. So if the problem lies in blender please try to keep that in mind when posting a reply. I'll try my best to keep up. I also tried to print out the bone structure without any animations loaded and it provides a similar error with the line print self.model.listJoints(): File "C:\Panda3D-1.8.0\direct\actor\Actor.py", line 410, in listJoints Actor.notify.error("no part named: %s" % (partName)) File "C:\Panda3D-1.8.0\direct\directnotify\Notifier.py", line 132, in error raise exception(errorString) StandardError: no part named: modelRoot I really hope it is a simple exporting fix.

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  • How to Export Flash Animation Data

    - by charliep
    I'd love for my partner, the artist, to be able to animate using flash movieclips and timelines. Then I, the programmer, would like to read the raw Flash info and re-program it into my engine of choice (which happens to be Torque2D). The data I'd want is the bitmap images that were used in Flash, like the head and body the links between the images, like where the head connects to the body the motion data from the flash animation, like move, rotate (at what speed), shear, etc. for the head or arms or whatever. Is there any way to get this data? Here's what I know so far. There are tools like SWFSheet and Spriteloq that convert the entire flash animation into a frame by frame sprite animation (in a sprite sheet). This would take too much space in my case, so I'd like to avoid that. Re-animating on the fly would take much less texture memory. There is a PDF that describes the SWF file format but NOT the individual components like the movieclips. So anyone know of a library I can use, or how I can learn more about the movieclip components and whatnot? (more better tags: transform, export, convert)

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  • How to Generate Spritesheet from a 'problematic' animated Symbol in Flash Pro CS6?

    - by Arthur Wulf White
    In the new Flash Pro CS6 there is an option to generate spriteheet from a symbol. I used these tutorials: http://www.adobe.com/devnet/flash/articles/using-sprite-sheet-generator.html http://tv.adobe.com/watch/cs6-creative-cloud-feature-tour-for-web/generating-sprite-sheets-using-flash-professional-cs6/ And it works really well! An artist I'm working with created a bunch of assets for a game. One of them is a walking person as seen from a top-down view. You can find the .fla here: https://docs.google.com/folder/d/0B3L2bumwc4onRGhLcGNId1p2Szg/edit (If this does not work let me know, it is the first time I used Google Drive to share files) 1 .When I press ctrl+enter I can see it is moving. When I look for the animation, I do not seem to find it. When I select to create a spritesheet, flash suggest creating a spritesheet with one frame in the base pose and no other (animation) frames. What is causing this and how do I correct it? 2 .I want to convert it to a sprite sheet for 32 angles of movement. Is there any magical easy way to get this done? Is there a workaround without using Flash CS6 to do the same thing?

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  • Matrix rotation of a rectangle to "face" a given point in 2d

    - by justin.m.chase
    Suppose you have a rectangle centered at point (0, 0) and now I want to rotate it such that it is facing the point (100, 100), how would I do this purely with matrix math? To give some more specifics I am using javascript and canvas and I may have something like this: var position = {x : 0, y: 0 }; var destination = { x : 100, y: 100 }; var transform = Matrix.identity(); this.update = function(state) { // update transform to rotate to face destination }; this.draw = function(ctx) { ctx.save(); ctx.transform(transform); // a helper that just calls setTransform() ctx.beginPath(); ctx.rect(-5, -5, 10, 10); ctx.fillStyle = 'Blue'; ctx.fill(); ctx.lineWidth = 2; ctx.stroke(); ctx.restore(); } Feel free to assume any matrix function you need is available.

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  • Economic modelling - Resources for valuing goods

    - by Rushyo
    tl;dr: What economic/computer science books would you suggest for learning about economic valuation of goods and simulations thereof? I'm looking to create an economic model for a game based on goods created procedurally. Every natural resource and produced good would be procedurally generated, with certain goods being assigned certain uses. Fakesium might be used for the production of Weapon A and produced from Fakesium factories which use Dilithium and Widgets as reagents, where Widgets are also the product of Foo and Bar The problem is not creating the resources and their various production utlities - but getting the game's AI empires and merchants to correctly value the goods according to their scarcity, utility and production costs. I need to create a simulation of goods which allows the various game factions to assign a common value denominator (credits) to each resource, depending on how much its worth to that empire. I see the simulation being something like: "I have a high requirement for Weapon A. Since I don't have much of Fakesium, which is needed for Weapon A - I must have a high demand for Fakesium. If I can acquire Fakesium, devalue it. If not, increase its value - and also increase demand for Dilithium and Widgets too." This is very naive - because it may be much much cheaper for the empire to simply purchase Dilithium and Widgets directly rather than purchasing Fakesium, for example. Another example is two resources might allow the creation of Weapon A (Fakesium and Lieron), so we'd need to consider that. I've been scratching my head over the problem and it keeps growing. By the time the player joins the world, I'd expect enough iterations of this process to have occurred that prices would have largely normalised - and would then only trigger rarely to compensate for major changes (eg. if the player blows up the world's only Foo mine!) Could anyone suggest resources (books, largely) which outline this style of modelling, preferably in the context of simulations? Since this problem would never occur outside fantasy worlds, I figured this is probably the most likely place to find people who have encountered similar problems and I'm sure there's people who know of good places for Games Developers to start looking at less specific economic theory too. Additionally, does anyone know of any developers with blogs whose games or research applications perform similar modelling?

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  • Coding Dynamic Events?

    - by Joey Green
    I have no idea what the title of this question should be so bare with me. My game has turns. On a turn a player does something and this can result in a random number of explosions that occur at different times. I know when the explosions are done. I need to know when ALL are done and then do some other action. Also, each explosion is the same amount of time, say 3 seconds.. Right now I'm thinking of using a counter to hold how many explosions are happening. Then once the explosion is finished decrement this counter. Once the counter is zero, do my action. This idea is inspired by objective-c memory management btw. Anyways, does this sound like a good approach or would there be another way. An alternative might be to figure out the explosion who happened last and let it be responsible for calling this subsequent action. I'm asking mostly, because I haven't done this before and am trying to figure out if there are bugs that may occur that I'm not foreseeing.

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  • Loading a new instance of a class through XML not working quite right

    - by Thegluestickman
    I'm having trouble with XML and XNA. I want to be able to load weapon settings through XML to make my weapons easier to make and to have less code in the actual project file. So I started out making a basic XML document, something to just assign variables with. But no matter what I changed it gave me a new error every time. The code below gives me a "XML element 'Tag' not found", I added and it started to say the variables weren't found. What I wanted to do in the XML file as well, was load a texture for the file too. So I created a static class to hold my texture values, then in the Texture tag of my XML document I would set it to that instance too. I think that's were the problems are occuring because that's where the "XML element 'Tag' not found" error is pointing me too. My XML document: <XnaContent> <Asset Type="ConversationEngine.Weapon"> <weaponStrength>0</weaponStrength> <damageModifiers>0</damageModifiers> <speed>0</speed> <magicDefense>0</magicDefense> <description>0</description> <identifier>0</identifier> <weaponTexture>LoadWeaponTextures.ironSword</weaponTexture> </Asset> </XnaContent> My Class to load the weapon XML: public static class LoadWeaponXML { static Weapon Weapons; public static Weapon WeaponLoad(ContentManager content, int id) { Weapons = content.Load<Weapon>(@"Weapons/" + id); return Weapons; } } public static class LoadWeaponTextures { public static Texture2D ironSword; public static void TextureLoad(ContentManager content) { ironSword = content.Load<Texture2D>("Sword"); } } I'm not entirely sure if you can load textures through XML, but any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • jMonkey Quest Database

    - by theJollySin
    I am building a game in jMonkey (Java) and I have so far only used default quest text. But now I need to start populating a lot of quests with text. My design requires A LOT of quests texts. What is the best way to build a database of quest texts in jMonkey? I don't have a lot of real experience with databases. Is there a database that integrates well with jMonkey? Here are the ideal properties I want in my database, in order of priority: Reasonably light learning curve Easy portability (in Java) to Windows, Linux, and Mac OSX Good interface with Java Good interface with jMonkey The ability to add properties to the quests: ID, level, gender, quest chain ID, etc. Or am I wrong in thinking I need to use some giant monster like SQL? I haven't been able to find much information on this, so are people using some non-database methods for storing things like quest text in jMonkey?

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