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  • Using a permutation table for simplex noise without storing it

    - by J. C. Leitão
    Generating Simplex noise requires a permutation table for randomisation (e.g. see this question or this example). In some applications, we need to persist the state of the permutation table. This can be done by creating the table, e.g. using def permutation_table(seed): table_size = 2**10 # arbitrary for this question l = range(1, table_size + 1) random.seed(seed) # ensures the same shuffle for a given seed random.shuffle(l) return l + l # see shared link why l + l; is a detail and storing it. Can we avoid storing the full table by generating the required elements every time they are required? Specifically, currently I store the table and call it using table[i] (table is a list). Can I avoid storing it by having a function that computes the element i, e.g. get_table_element(seed, i). I'm aware that cryptography already solved this problem using block cyphers, however, I found it too complex to go deep and implement a block cypher. Does anyone knows a simple implementation of a block cypher to this problem?

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  • How do you pack resources in a game when you have too many of them?

    - by ThePlan
    I've recently made a basic space invaders clone in C++ using the Allegro 5 framework. It took me a long time, but after I finished, I realized I had about 10 sprites, and 13MB worth of DLLs (Some of the people didn't even have the mingW dlls) which were making people who played the game very confused. How can I "pack" all my resources in a way that I can easily add-remove data to my game, and to reduce the size taken by the resource, basically placing them in 1 spot? I'm using codeblocks.

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  • How can I easily create cloud texture maps?

    - by EdwardTeach
    I am making 3d planets in my game; these will be viewed as "globes". Some of them will need cloud layers. I looked at various Blender tutorials for creating "earth", and for their cloud layers they use earth cloud maps from NASA. However I will be creating a fictional universe with many procedurally-generated planets. So I would like to use many variations. I'm hoping there's a way to procedurally generate cloud maps such as the NASA link. I will also need to create gas giants, so I will also need other kinds of cloud texture maps. If that is too difficult, I could fall back to creating several variations of cloud maps. For example, 3 for earth-like, 3 for gas giants, etc. So how do I statically create or programmatically generate such cloud maps?

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  • XNA frame rate spikes in full screen mode

    - by ProgrammerAtWork
    I'm loading a simple texture and rotating it in XNA, and this works. But when I run it in full screen 1920x1080 mode I see spikes while my texture is rotating. If I run it windowed with 1920x1080 resolution, I don't get the spikes. The size of the texture does not seem to matter, I tried 512 texture size and 2048 texture size, same thing happens. Spikes in full screen, no spikes in windowed, resolution does not seem to matter, Debug or Release does not seem to do anything either. Anyone got ideas of what could be the problem? Edit: I think this problem has something to do with the vertical retrace. Set this property: _graphicsDeviceManager.SynchronizeWithVerticalRetrace = false; you'll lose vsync but it will not stutter.

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  • xbox thumbstick used to rotate sprite, basic formula makes it "stick" or feel "sticky" at 90 degree intervals! how do get smooth rotation?

    - by Hugh
    Context: C#, XNA game I am using a very basic formula to calculate what angle my sprite (spaceship for example) should be facing based on the xbox controller thumbstick ie. you use the thumbstick to rotate the ship! in my main update method: shuttleAngle = (float) Math.Atan2(newGamePadState.ThumbSticks.Right.X, newGamePadState.ThumbSticks.Right.Y); in my main draw method: spriteBatch.Draw(shuttle, shuttleCoords, sourceRectangle, Color.White, shuttleAngle, origin, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 1); as you can see its quite simple, i take the current radians from the thumbstick and store it in a float "shuttleAngle" and then use this as the rotation angle (in radians) arguement for drawing the shuttle. For some reason when i rotate the sprint it feels sticky at 0, 90, 180 and 270 degrees angles, it wants to settle at those angles. its not giving me a smooth and natural rotation like i would feel in a game that uses a similar mechanic. PS: my xbox controller is fine!

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  • Generating grammatically correct MUD-style attack descriptions

    - by Extrakun
    I am currently working on a text based game, where the outcome of a combat round goes something like this %attacker% inflicts a serious wound (12 points damage) on %defender% Right now, I just swap %attacker% with the name of the attacker, and %defender% for the name of the defender. However, the description works, but don't read correctly. Since the game is just all text, I don't want to resort to generic descriptions (Such as "You use Attack on Goblin for 5 damage", which arguably solve the problem) How do I generate correct descriptions for cases where %attacker% refers to "You", the player? "You inflicts..." is wrong "Bees", or other plural? I need somehow to know I should prefix the name with a "The " If %attacker% is a generic noun, such as "Goblin", it will read weird as opposed to %attacker% being a name. Compare "Goblin inflicts..." vs. "Aldraic Swordbringer inflicts...." How does text-based games usually resolve such issues?

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  • Dynamic Quad/Oct Trees

    - by KKlouzal
    I've recently discovered the power of Quadtrees and Octrees and their role in culling/LOD applications, however I've been pondering on the implementations for a Dynamic Quad/Oct Tree. Such tree would not require a complete rebuild when some of the underlying data changes (Vertex Data). Would it be possible to create such a tree? What would that look like? Could someone point me in the correct direction to get started? The application here would, in my scenario, be used for a dynamically changing spherical landscape with over 10,000,000 verticies. The use of Quad/Oct Trees is obvious for Culling & LOD as well as the benefits from not having to completely recompute the tree when the underlying data changes.

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  • How to do Cross Platform in own Engine? [on hold]

    - by Mineorbit
    At the Moment I finished the first game with my game engine(if I wanna call it like that) which is based in LWJGL. Now i'm worring if I could do crossplattforming in my engine. I build me a tool tool with a batch file to compile my project dir into an .exe . At first i'm looking to do it on Android with an comparable batch file. An link for an tutorial would be awesome! At next place there would be an renderer and audiosystem. If read that theres an OpenGL ES renderer, and I allready played a bit around with the Android SDK. But I use the Texture and Audio class in slick-util. So I thought about creating OOP classes that carry around the data and load it in an platform specific Buffer. A Link for an equaly easy-to-use Texture or Audio class would be awesome! Thats all for now! Answers would be awesome! Thanks, Mineorbit!

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  • Is there any way to enable the HiDef graphics profile property on a Silverlight 5 3d Web App?

    - by Daniel
    I have an XNA Windows Game that uses the HiDef profile to load complex fbx and obj files. Trying to move it over to a Silverlight 3d Web App, Silverlight seems to only want to use the Reach profile, and I get an error that the Reach profile does not support a sufficient number of primitive draws per call. Is there any way to change to HiDef in Silverlight 5? It is not in the project properties and attempting to change it in mainpage.xaml.cs only gives me the option of setting it to Reach.

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  • How should I interpret these DirectX Caps Viewer values?

    - by tobi
    Briefly asking - what do the nodes mean and what the difference is between them in DirectX Caps Viewer? DXGI Devices Direct3D9 Devices DirectDraw Devices The most interesting for me is 1 vs 2. In the Direct3D9 Devices under HAL node I can see that my GeForce 8800GT supports PixelShaderVersion 3.0. However, under DXGI Devices I have DX 10, DX 10.1 and DX 11 having Shader model 4.0 (actually why DX 11? My card is not compatible with DX 11). I am implementing a DX 11 application (including d3d11.h) with shaders compiled in 4.0 version, so I can clearly see that 4.0 is supported. What is the difference between 1 and 2? Could you give me some theory behind the nodes?

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  • Ogre3D : seeking advices about game files management

    - by Tibor
    I'm working on a new game, and its related level editor, based on Ogre3D. I was thinking about how i could manage the game files, knowing that Ogre use .mesh files for models, .material for materials/texture information etc... . At first i thought about a common .zip folder decompressed at runtime (the same way Torchlight and Ogre samples do). But this way the game assets become a monolithic archive, loading takes time, and could be difficult to eventually patch them. So, let's say i have a game object named "Cube" i want to load in my program. Going for modularity, what if i create a compressed file (using zlib compression routines) named Cube.extname, containing its sub-files Cube.mesh, Cube.material and so on ? Are there any alternatives or should i stick with compressed objects? PS: Just to clear things, the answer is unrelated to my program code, at the moment i'm using "resources.cfg" pointing to the OgreSDK media directory.

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  • Best way to do large XNA animations?

    - by Harold
    What's the best way to have large animations in XNA 4.0? I have created a spritesheet with the sprite being 250x400 (more of an image than a sprite but hey ho) and there are approximately 45 frames in the animation. This causes problems for XNA as it says that the maximum filesize for Reach is 2048. I'd rather not change to hidef as I heard that means that your game is less compatible with some computers and systems so does anyone have any idea what the best thing I could do is? The only thing I could come up with is to have a list of textures to flick through but that's not ideal.

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  • Object-Oriented OpenGL

    - by Sullivan
    I have been using OpenGL for a while and have read a large number of tutorials. Aside from the fact that a lot of them still use the fixed pipeline, they usually throw all the initialisation, state changes and drawing in one source file. This is fine for the limited scope of a tutorial, but I’m having a hard time working out how to scale it up to a full game. How do you split your usage of OpenGL across files? Conceptually, I can see the benefits of having, say, a rendering class that purely renders stuff to screen, but how would stuff like shaders and lights work? Should I have separate classes for things like lights and shaders?

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  • How to get the Exact Collision Point and ignore the collision (from 2 "ghost bodies")

    - by Moritz
    I have a very basic problem with Box2D. For a arenatype game where you can throw scriptable "missiles" at other players I decided to use Box2D for the collision detection between the players and the missiles. Players and missiles have their own circular shape with a specific size (varying). But I don´t want to use dynamic bodies because the missiles need to move themselve in any way they want to (defined in the script) and shouldnt be resolved unless the script wants it. The behavior I look for is as following (for each time step): velocity of missiles is set by the specific missile script each missile is moved according to that velocity if a collision accurs now, I want to get the exact position of impact, and now I need a mechanism to decide if the missile should just ignore the collision (for example collision between two fireballs which shouldnt interact) or take it (so they are resolved and dont overlap anymore) So is there a way in Box2D to create Ghost bodies and listen to collisions from them, then deciding if they should ignore the collision or should take them and resolve their position? I hope I was clear enough and would be happy about any help!

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  • What is a correct step by step logic of exporting scene with baked occlusion for loading it at runtime?

    - by myWallJSON
    I wonder what is a correct step by step logic of exporting scene with baked occlusion (Culling data) for loading that scene at runtime (on fly from the internet for example))? So currently my plan looks like this: I create prefabs Place them onto my scene (into Hierarchy) (say create 20 buffolows and some hourses and some buildings) Create empty prefab and drag all my scene objects from hierarchy onto it Export prefab So generally I put all my scene objects into one large prefab and export it but it seems that all objects that were marked as static get this property turned off when loading them at runtime and so no Frustrum Culling, and no Occlusion culling happens. So I wonder what is a correct way of exporting Sceen + Objecrts + Occlusion (and onther culing) data for future load of such scene at runtime? I wonder about current 3.5.2 Pro and future 4 Pro versions of U3D.

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  • 2D wave-like sprite movement XNA

    - by TheBroodian
    I'm trying to create a particle that will 'circle' my character. When the particle is created, it's given a random position in relation to my character, and a box to provide boundaries for how far left or right this particle should circle. When I use the phrase 'circle', I'm referring to a simulated circling, i.e., when moving to the right, the particle will appear in front of my character, when passing back to the left, the particle will appear behind my character. That may have been too much context, so let me cut to the chase: In essence, the path I would like my particle to follow would be akin to a sine wave, with the left and right sides of the provided rectangle being the apexes of the wave. The trouble I'm having is that the position of the particle will be random, so it will never be produced at the same place within the wave twice, but I have no idea how to create this sort of behavior procedurally.

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  • Why can't a blendShader sample anything but the current coordinate of the background image?

    - by Triynko
    In Flash, you can set a DisplayObject's blendShader property to a pixel shader (flash.shaders.Shader class). The mechanism is nice, because Flash automatically provides your Shader with two input images, including the background surface and the foreground display object's bitmap. The problem is that at runtime, the shader doesn't allow you to sample the background anywhere but under the current output coordinate. If you try to sample other coordinates, it just returns the color of the current coordinate instead, ignoring the coordinates you specified. This seems to occur only at runtime, because it works properly in the Pixel Bender toolkit. This limitation makes it impossible to simulate, for example, the Aero Glass effect in Windows Vista/7, because you cannot sample the background properly for blurring. I must mention that it is possible to create the effect in Flash through manual composition techniques, but it's hard to determine when it actually needs updated, because Flash does not provide information about when a particular area of the screen or a particular display object needs re-rendered. For example, you may have a fixed glass surface with objects moving underneath it that don't dispatch events when they move. The only alternative is to re-render the glass bar every frame, which is inefficient, which is why I am trying to do it through a blendShader so Flash determines when it needs rendered automatically. Is there a technical reason for this limitation, or is it an oversight of some sort? Does anyone know of a workaround, or a way I could provide my manual composition implementation with information about when it needs re-rendered? The limitation is mentioned with no explanation in the last note in this page: http://help.adobe.com/en_US/as3/dev/WSB19E965E-CCD2-4174-8077-8E5D0141A4A8.html It says: "Note: When a Pixel Bender shader program is run as a blend in Flash Player or AIR, the sampling and outCoord() functions behave differently than in other contexts.In a blend, a sampling function will always return the current pixel being evaluated by the shader. You cannot, for example, use add an offset to outCoord() in order to sample a neighboring pixel. Likewise, if you use the outCoord() function outside a sampling function, its coordinates always evaluate to 0. You cannot, for example, use the position of a pixel to influence how the blended images are combined."

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  • Relative cam movement and momentum on arbitrary surface

    - by user29244
    I have been working on a game for quite long, think sonic classic physics in 3D or tony hawk psx, with unity3D. However I'm stuck at the most fundamental aspect of movement. The requirement is that I need to move the character in mario 64 fashion (or sonic adventure) aka relative cam input: the camera's forward direction always point input forward the screen, left or right input point toward left or right of the screen. when input are resting, the camera direction is independent from the character direction and the camera can orbit the character when input are pressed the character rotate itself until his direction align with the direction the input is pointing at. It's super easy to do as long your movement are parallel to the global horizontal (or any world axis). However when you try to do this on arbitrary surface (think moving along complex curved surface) with the character sticking to the surface normal (basically moving on wall and ceiling freely), it seems harder. What I want is to achieve the same finesse of movement than in mario but on arbitrary angled surfaces. There is more problem (jumping and transitioning back to the real world alignment and then back on a surface while keeping momentum) but so far I didn't even take off the basics. So far I have accomplish moving along the curved surface and the relative cam input, but for some reason direction fail all the time (point number 3, the character align slowly to the input direction). Do you have an idea how to achieve that? Here is the code and some demo so far: The demo: https://dl.dropbox.com/u/24530447/flash%20build/litesonicengine/LiteSonicEngine5.html Camera code: using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class CameraDrive : MonoBehaviour { public GameObject targetObject; public Transform camPivot, camTarget, camRoot, relcamdirDebug; float rot = 0; //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void Start() { this.transform.position = targetObject.transform.position; this.transform.rotation = targetObject.transform.rotation; } void FixedUpdate() { //the pivot system camRoot.position = targetObject.transform.position; //input on pivot orientation rot = 0; float mouse_x = Input.GetAxisRaw( "camera_analog_X" ); // rot = rot + ( 0.1f * Time.deltaTime * mouse_x ); // wrapAngle( rot ); // //when the target object rotate, it rotate too, this should not happen UpdateOrientation(this.transform.forward,targetObject.transform.up); camRoot.transform.RotateAround(camRoot.transform.up,rot); //debug the relcam dir RelativeCamDirection() ; //this camera this.transform.position = camPivot.position; //set the camera to the pivot this.transform.LookAt( camTarget.position ); // } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- public float wrapAngle ( float Degree ) { while (Degree < 0.0f) { Degree = Degree + 360.0f; } while (Degree >= 360.0f) { Degree = Degree - 360.0f; } return Degree; } private void UpdateOrientation( Vector3 forward_vector, Vector3 ground_normal ) { Vector3 projected_forward_to_normal_surface = forward_vector - ( Vector3.Dot( forward_vector, ground_normal ) ) * ground_normal; camRoot.transform.rotation = Quaternion.LookRotation( projected_forward_to_normal_surface, ground_normal ); } float GetOffsetAngle( float targetAngle, float DestAngle ) { return ((targetAngle - DestAngle + 180)% 360) - 180; } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void OnDrawGizmos() { Gizmos.DrawCube( camPivot.transform.position, new Vector3(1,1,1) ); Gizmos.DrawCube( camTarget.transform.position, new Vector3(1,5,1) ); Gizmos.DrawCube( camRoot.transform.position, new Vector3(1,1,1) ); } void OnGUI() { GUI.Label(new Rect(0,80,1000,20*10), "targetObject.transform.up : " + targetObject.transform.up.ToString()); GUI.Label(new Rect(0,100,1000,20*10), "target euler : " + targetObject.transform.eulerAngles.y.ToString()); GUI.Label(new Rect(0,100,1000,20*10), "rot : " + rot.ToString()); } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void RelativeCamDirection() { float input_vertical_movement = Input.GetAxisRaw( "Vertical" ), input_horizontal_movement = Input.GetAxisRaw( "Horizontal" ); Vector3 relative_forward = Vector3.forward, relative_right = Vector3.right, relative_direction = ( relative_forward * input_vertical_movement ) + ( relative_right * input_horizontal_movement ) ; MovementController MC = targetObject.GetComponent<MovementController>(); MC.motion = relative_direction.normalized * MC.acceleration * Time.fixedDeltaTime; MC.motion = this.transform.TransformDirection( MC.motion ); //MC.transform.Rotate(Vector3.up, input_horizontal_movement * 10f * Time.fixedDeltaTime); } } Mouvement code: using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class MovementController : MonoBehaviour { public float deadZoneValue = 0.1f, angle, acceleration = 50.0f; public Vector3 motion ; //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void OnGUI() { GUILayout.Label( "transform.rotation : " + transform.rotation ); GUILayout.Label( "transform.position : " + transform.position ); GUILayout.Label( "angle : " + angle ); } void FixedUpdate () { Ray ground_check_ray = new Ray( gameObject.transform.position, -gameObject.transform.up ); RaycastHit raycast_result; Rigidbody rigid_body = gameObject.rigidbody; if ( Physics.Raycast( ground_check_ray, out raycast_result ) ) { Vector3 next_position; //UpdateOrientation( gameObject.transform.forward, raycast_result.normal ); UpdateOrientation( gameObject.transform.forward, raycast_result.normal ); next_position = GetNextPosition( raycast_result.point ); rigid_body.MovePosition( next_position ); } } //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- private void UpdateOrientation( Vector3 forward_vector, Vector3 ground_normal ) { Vector3 projected_forward_to_normal_surface = forward_vector - ( Vector3.Dot( forward_vector, ground_normal ) ) * ground_normal; transform.rotation = Quaternion.LookRotation( projected_forward_to_normal_surface, ground_normal ); } private Vector3 GetNextPosition( Vector3 current_ground_position ) { Vector3 next_position; // //-------------------------------------------------------------------- // angle = 0; // Vector3 dir = this.transform.InverseTransformDirection(motion); // angle = Vector3.Angle(Vector3.forward, dir);// * 1f * Time.fixedDeltaTime; // // if(angle > 0) this.transform.Rotate(0,angle,0); // //-------------------------------------------------------------------- next_position = current_ground_position + gameObject.transform.up * 0.5f + motion ; return next_position; } } Some observation: I have the correct input, I have the correct translation in the camera direction ... but whenever I attempt to slowly lerp the direction of the character in direction of the input, all I get is wild spin! Sad Also discovered that strafing to the right (immediately at the beginning without moving forward) has major singularity trapping on the equator!! I'm totally lost and crush (I have already done a much more featured version which fail at the same aspect)

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  • Snake Game Help

    - by MuhammadA
    I am making a snake game and learning XNA at the same time. I have 3 classes : Game.cs, Snake.cs and Apple.cs My problem is more of a conceptual problem, I want to know which class is really responsible for ... detecting collision of snake head on apple/itself/wall? which class should increase the snakes speed, size? It seems to me that however much I try and put the snake stuff into snake.cs that game.cs has to know a lot about the snake, like : -- I want to increase the score depending on size of snake, the score variable is inside game.cs, which means now I have to ask the snake its size on every hit of the apple... seems a bit unclean all this highly coupled code. or -- I DO NOT want to place the apple under the snake... now the apple suddenly has to know about all the snake parts, my head hurts when I think of that. Maybe there should be some sort of AppleLayer.cs class that should know about the snake... Whats the best approach in such a simple scenario? Any tips welcome. Game.cs : using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Design; namespace Snakez { public enum CurrentGameState { Playing, Paused, NotPlaying } public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { private GraphicsDeviceManager _graphics; private SpriteBatch _spriteBatch; private readonly Color _niceGreenColour = new Color(167, 255, 124); private KeyboardState _oldKeyboardState; private SpriteFont _scoreFont; private SoundEffect _biteSound, _crashSound; private Vector2 _scoreLocation = new Vector2(10, 10); private Apple _apple; private Snake _snake; private int _score = 0; private int _speed = 1; public Game1() { _graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; } /// <summary> /// Allows the game to perform any initialization it needs to before starting to run. /// This is where it can query for any required services and load any non-graphic /// related content. Calling base.Initialize will enumerate through any components /// and initialize them as well. /// </summary> protected override void Initialize() { base.Initialize(); } /// <summary> /// LoadContent will be called once per game and is the place to load /// all of your content. /// </summary> protected override void LoadContent() { _spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); _scoreFont = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("Score"); _apple = new Apple(800, 480, Content.Load<Texture2D>("Apple")); _snake = new Snake(Content.Load<Texture2D>("BodyBlock")); _biteSound = Content.Load<SoundEffect>("Bite"); _crashSound = Content.Load<SoundEffect>("Crash"); } /// <summary> /// UnloadContent will be called once per game and is the place to unload /// all content. /// </summary> protected override void UnloadContent() { Content.Unload(); } /// <summary> /// Allows the game to run logic such as updating the world, /// checking for collisions, gathering input, and playing audio. /// </summary> /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param> protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { KeyboardState newKeyboardState = Keyboard.GetState(); if (newKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Escape)) { this.Exit(); // Allows the game to exit } else if (newKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Up) && !_oldKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Up)) { _snake.SetDirection(Direction.Up); } else if (newKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Down) && !_oldKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Down)) { _snake.SetDirection(Direction.Down); } else if (newKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left) && !_oldKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { _snake.SetDirection(Direction.Left); } else if (newKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right) && !_oldKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { _snake.SetDirection(Direction.Right); } _oldKeyboardState = newKeyboardState; _snake.Update(); if (_snake.IsEating(_apple)) { _biteSound.Play(); _score += 10; _apple.Place(); } base.Update(gameTime); } /// <summary> /// This is called when the game should draw itself. /// </summary> /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param> protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(_niceGreenColour); float frameRate = 1 / (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; _spriteBatch.Begin(); _spriteBatch.DrawString(_scoreFont, "Score : " + _score, _scoreLocation, Color.Red); _apple.Draw(_spriteBatch); _snake.Draw(_spriteBatch); _spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } } } Snake.cs : using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; namespace Snakez { public enum Direction { Up, Down, Left, Right } public class Snake { private List<Rectangle> _parts; private readonly Texture2D _bodyBlock; private readonly int _startX = 160; private readonly int _startY = 120; private int _moveDelay = 100; private DateTime _lastUpdatedAt; private Direction _direction; private Rectangle _lastTail; public Snake(Texture2D bodyBlock) { _bodyBlock = bodyBlock; _parts = new List<Rectangle>(); _parts.Add(new Rectangle(_startX, _startY, _bodyBlock.Width, _bodyBlock.Height)); _parts.Add(new Rectangle(_startX + bodyBlock.Width, _startY, _bodyBlock.Width, _bodyBlock.Height)); _parts.Add(new Rectangle(_startX + (bodyBlock.Width) * 2, _startY, _bodyBlock.Width, _bodyBlock.Height)); _parts.Add(new Rectangle(_startX + (bodyBlock.Width) * 3, _startY, _bodyBlock.Width, _bodyBlock.Height)); _direction = Direction.Right; _lastUpdatedAt = DateTime.Now; } public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { foreach (var p in _parts) { spriteBatch.Draw(_bodyBlock, new Vector2(p.X, p.Y), Color.White); } } public void Update() { if (DateTime.Now.Subtract(_lastUpdatedAt).TotalMilliseconds > _moveDelay) { //DateTime.Now.Ticks _lastTail = _parts.First(); _parts.Remove(_lastTail); /* add new head in right direction */ var lastHead = _parts.Last(); var newHead = new Rectangle(0, 0, _bodyBlock.Width, _bodyBlock.Height); switch (_direction) { case Direction.Up: newHead.X = lastHead.X; newHead.Y = lastHead.Y - _bodyBlock.Width; break; case Direction.Down: newHead.X = lastHead.X; newHead.Y = lastHead.Y + _bodyBlock.Width; break; case Direction.Left: newHead.X = lastHead.X - _bodyBlock.Width; newHead.Y = lastHead.Y; break; case Direction.Right: newHead.X = lastHead.X + _bodyBlock.Width; newHead.Y = lastHead.Y; break; } _parts.Add(newHead); _lastUpdatedAt = DateTime.Now; } } public void SetDirection(Direction newDirection) { if (_direction == Direction.Up && newDirection == Direction.Down) { return; } else if (_direction == Direction.Down && newDirection == Direction.Up) { return; } else if (_direction == Direction.Left && newDirection == Direction.Right) { return; } else if (_direction == Direction.Right && newDirection == Direction.Left) { return; } _direction = newDirection; } public bool IsEating(Apple apple) { if (_parts.Last().Intersects(apple.Location)) { GrowBiggerAndFaster(); return true; } return false; } private void GrowBiggerAndFaster() { _parts.Insert(0, _lastTail); _moveDelay -= (_moveDelay / 100)*2; } } } Apple.cs : using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; namespace Snakez { public class Apple { private readonly int _maxWidth, _maxHeight; private readonly Texture2D _texture; private readonly Random random = new Random(); public Rectangle Location { get; private set; } public Apple(int screenWidth, int screenHeight, Texture2D texture) { _maxWidth = (screenWidth + 1) - texture.Width; _maxHeight = (screenHeight + 1) - texture.Height; _texture = texture; Place(); } public void Place() { Location = GetRandomLocation(_maxWidth, _maxHeight); } private Rectangle GetRandomLocation(int maxWidth, int maxHeight) { // x and y -- multiple of 20 int x = random.Next(1, maxWidth); var leftOver = x % 20; x = x - leftOver; int y = random.Next(1, maxHeight); leftOver = y % 20; y = y - leftOver; return new Rectangle(x, y, _texture.Width, _texture.Height); } public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { spriteBatch.Draw(_texture, Location, Color.White); } } }

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  • How to categorize textures into atlases

    - by Esa
    I am going to use texture atlasing for the first time in my games, and at first it seemed like a great idea to split textures into atlases by categorizing them by terrain themes e.g ForestTextures, WinterTextures etc. But that could cause a problem when for example a flower has to use transparency shader and other models use a diffuse shader. So those cannot be atlased into the same texture. Thus, would atlasing textures into themes as mentioned before and then splitting them by shader like ForestDiffuse and ForestTransparent be good? Or is there a better way to categorize and build them?

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  • JBox2D Polygon Collisions Acting Strange

    - by andy
    I have been playing around with JBox2D and Slick2D and made a little demo with a ground object, a box object, and two different polygons. The problem I am facing is that the collision-detection for the polygons seems to be off (see picture below), but the box's collision works fine. My Code: Main Class package main; import org.jbox2d.common.Vec2; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.BodyType; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.World; import org.newdawn.slick.GameContainer; import org.newdawn.slick.Graphics; import org.newdawn.slick.SlickException; import org.newdawn.slick.state.BasicGameState; import org.newdawn.slick.state.StateBasedGame; import shapes.Box; import shapes.Polygon; public class State1 extends BasicGameState{ World world; int velocityIterations; int positionIterations; float pixelsPerMeter; int state; Box ground; Box box1; Polygon poly1; Polygon poly2; Renderer renderer; public State1(int state) { this.state = state; } @Override public void init(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame game) throws SlickException { velocityIterations = 10; positionIterations = 10; pixelsPerMeter = 1f; world = new World(new Vec2(0.f, -9.8f)); renderer = new Renderer(gc, gc.getGraphics(), pixelsPerMeter, world); box1 = new Box(-100f, 200f, 40, 50, BodyType.DYNAMIC, world); ground = new Box(-14, -275, 50, 900, BodyType.STATIC, world); poly1 = new Polygon(50f, 10f, new Vec2[] { new Vec2(-6f, -14f), new Vec2(0f, -20f), new Vec2(6f, -14f), new Vec2(10f, 10f), new Vec2(-10f, 10f) }, BodyType.DYNAMIC, world); poly2 = new Polygon(0f, 10f, new Vec2[] { new Vec2(10f, 0f), new Vec2(20f, 0f), new Vec2(30f, 10f), new Vec2(30f, 20f), new Vec2(20f, 30f), new Vec2(10f, 30f), new Vec2(0f, 20f), new Vec2(0f, 10f) }, BodyType.DYNAMIC, world); } @Override public void update(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame game, int delta) throws SlickException { world.step((float)delta / 180f, velocityIterations, positionIterations); } @Override public void render(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame game, Graphics g) throws SlickException { renderer.render(); } @Override public int getID() { return this.state; } } Polygon Class package shapes; import org.jbox2d.collision.shapes.PolygonShape; import org.jbox2d.common.Vec2; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.Body; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.BodyDef; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.BodyType; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.FixtureDef; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.World; import org.newdawn.slick.Color; public class Polygon { public float x, y; public Color color; public BodyType bodyType; org.newdawn.slick.geom.Polygon poly; BodyDef def; PolygonShape ps; FixtureDef fd; Body body; World world; Vec2[] verts; public Polygon(float x, float y, Vec2[] verts, BodyType bodyType, World world) { this.verts = verts; this.x = x; this.y = y; this.bodyType = bodyType; this.world = world; init(); } public void init() { def = new BodyDef(); def.type = bodyType; def.position.set(x, y); ps = new PolygonShape(); ps.set(verts, verts.length); fd = new FixtureDef(); fd.shape = ps; fd.density = 2.0f; fd.friction = 0.7f; fd.restitution = 0.5f; body = world.createBody(def); body.createFixture(fd); } } Rendering Class package main; import org.jbox2d.collision.shapes.PolygonShape; import org.jbox2d.collision.shapes.ShapeType; import org.jbox2d.common.MathUtils; import org.jbox2d.common.Vec2; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.Body; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.Fixture; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.World; import org.newdawn.slick.Color; import org.newdawn.slick.GameContainer; import org.newdawn.slick.Graphics; import org.newdawn.slick.geom.Polygon; import org.newdawn.slick.geom.Transform; public class Renderer { World world; float pixelsPerMeter; GameContainer gc; Graphics g; public Renderer(GameContainer gc, Graphics g, float ppm, World world) { this.world = world; this.pixelsPerMeter = ppm; this.g = g; this.gc = gc; } public void render() { Body current = world.getBodyList(); Vec2 center = current.getLocalCenter(); while(current != null) { Vec2 pos = current.getPosition(); g.pushTransform(); g.translate(pos.x * pixelsPerMeter + (0.5f * gc.getWidth()), -pos.y * pixelsPerMeter + (0.5f * gc.getHeight())); Fixture f = current.getFixtureList(); while(f != null) { ShapeType type = f.getType(); g.setColor(getColor(current)); switch(type) { case POLYGON: { PolygonShape shape = (PolygonShape)f.getShape(); Vec2[] verts = shape.getVertices(); int count = shape.getVertexCount(); Polygon p = new Polygon(); for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) { p.addPoint(verts[i].x, verts[i].y); } p.setCenterX(center.x); p.setCenterY(center.y); p = (Polygon)p.transform(Transform.createRotateTransform(current.getAngle() + MathUtils.PI, center.x, center.y)); p = (Polygon)p.transform(Transform.createScaleTransform(pixelsPerMeter, pixelsPerMeter)); g.draw(p); break; } case CIRCLE: { f.getShape(); } default: } f = f.getNext(); } g.popTransform(); current = current.getNext(); } } public Color getColor(Body b) { Color c = new Color(1f, 1f, 1f); switch(b.m_type) { case DYNAMIC: if(b.isActive()) { c = new Color(255, 123, 0); } else { c = new Color(99, 99, 99); } break; case KINEMATIC: break; case STATIC: c = new Color(111, 111, 111); break; default: break; } return c; } } Any help with fixing the collisions would be greatly appreciated, and if you need any other code snippets I would be happy to provide them.

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  • Strategies to Defeat Memory Editors for Cheating - Desktop Games

    - by ashes999
    I'm assuming we're talking about desktop games -- something the player downloads and runs on their local computer. Many are the memory editors that allow you to detect and freeze values, like your player's health. How do you prevent cheating? What strategies are effective to combat this kind of cheating? I'm looking for some good ones. Two I use that are mediocre are: Displaying values as a percentage instead of the number (eg. 46/50 = 92% health) A low-level class that holds values in an array and moves them with each change

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  • Register Game Object Components in Game Subsystems? (Component-based Game Object design)

    - by topright
    I'm creating a component-based game object system. Some tips: GameObject is simply a list of Components. There are GameSubsystems. For example, rendering, physics etc. Each GameSubsystem contains pointers to some of Components. GameSubsystem is a very powerful and flexible abstraction: it represents any slice (or aspect) of the game world. There is a need in a mechanism of registering Components in GameSubsystems (when GameObject is created and composed). There are 4 approaches: 1: Chain of responsibility pattern. Every Component is offered to every GameSubsystem. GameSubsystem makes a decision which Components to register (and how to organize them). For example, GameSubsystemRender can register Renderable Components. pro. Components know nothing about how they are used. Low coupling. A. We can add new GameSubsystem. For example, let's add GameSubsystemTitles that registers all ComponentTitle and guarantees that every title is unique and provides interface to quering objects by title. Of course, ComponentTitle should not be rewrited or inherited in this case. B. We can reorganize existing GameSubsystems. For example, GameSubsystemAudio, GameSubsystemRender, GameSubsystemParticleEmmiter can be merged into GameSubsystemSpatial (to place all audio, emmiter, render Components in the same hierarchy and use parent-relative transforms). con. Every-to-every check. Very innefficient. con. Subsystems know about Components. 2: Each Subsystem searches for Components of specific types. pro. Better performance than in Approach 1. con. Subsystems still know about Components. 3: Component registers itself in GameSubsystem(s). We know at compile-time that there is a GameSubsystemRenderer, so let's ComponentImageRender will call something like GameSubsystemRenderer::register(ComponentRenderBase*). pro. Performance. No unnecessary checks as in Approach 1. con. Components are badly coupled with GameSubsystems. 4: Mediator pattern. GameState (that contains GameSubsystems) can implement registerComponent(Component*). pro. Components and GameSubystems know nothing about each other. con. In C++ it would look like ugly and slow typeid-switch. Questions: Which approach is better and mostly used in component-based design? What Practice says? Any suggestions about implementation of Approach 4? Thank you.

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  • How to perform efficient 2D picking in HTML5?

    - by jSepia
    I'm currently using an R-Tree for both picking and collision testing. Each entity on screen has a bounding box for collisions and a separate one for picking. Since entities may change position very frequently, both trees must be updated/reordered once per frame. While this is very efficient for collisions, because the tree is used in hundreds of collision queries every frame, I'm finding it too costly for picking, because it only gets queried when the user clicks, thus leading to a lot of wasted tree updates. What would be a more efficient way to implement picking without as much overhead?

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  • Velocity collision detection (2D)

    - by ultifinitus
    Alright, so I have made a simple game engine (see youtube) And my current implementation of collision resolution has a slight problem, involving the velocity of a platform. Basically I run through all of the objects necessary to detect collisions on and resolve those collisions as I find them. Part of that resolution is setting the player's velocity = the platform's velocity. Which works great! Unless I have a row of platforms moving at different velocities or a platform between a stack of tiles.... (current system) bool player::handle_collisions() { collisions tcol; bool did_handle = false; bool thisObjectHandle = false; for (int temp = 0; temp < collideQueue.size(); temp++) { thisObjectHandle = false; tcol = get_collision(prevPos.x,y,get_img()->get_width(),get_img()->get_height(), collideQueue[temp]->get_position().x,collideQueue[temp]->get_position().y, collideQueue[temp]->get_img()->get_width(),collideQueue[temp]->get_img()->get_height()); if (prevPos.y >= collideQueue[temp]->get_prev_pos().y + collideQueue[temp]->get_img()->get_height()) if (tcol.top > 0) { add_pos(0,tcol.top); set_vel(get_vel().x,collideQueue[temp]->get_vel().y); thisObjectHandle = did_handle = true; } if (prevPos.y + get_img()->get_height() <= collideQueue[temp]->get_prev_pos().y) if (tcol.bottom > 0) { add_pos(collideQueue[temp]->get_vel().x,-tcol.bottom); set_vel(get_vel().x/*collideQueue[temp]->get_vel().x*/,collideQueue[temp]->get_vel().y); ableToJump = true; jumpTimes = maxjumpable; thisObjectHandle = did_handle = true; } /// /// ADD CODE FROM NEXT CODE BLOCK HERE (on forum, not in code) /// } for (int temp = 0; temp < collideQueue.size(); temp++) { thisObjectHandle = false; tcol = get_collision(x,y,get_img()->get_width(),get_img()->get_height(), collideQueue[temp]->get_position().x,collideQueue[temp]->get_position().y, collideQueue[temp]->get_img()->get_width(),collideQueue[temp]->get_img()->get_height()); if (prevPos.x + get_img()->get_width() <= collideQueue[temp]->get_prev_pos().x) if (tcol.left > 0) { add_pos(-tcol.left,0); set_vel(collideQueue[temp]->get_vel().x,get_vel().y); thisObjectHandle = did_handle = true; } if (prevPos.x >= collideQueue[temp]->get_prev_pos().x + collideQueue[temp]->get_img()->get_width()) if (tcol.right > 0) { add_pos(tcol.right,0); set_vel(collideQueue[temp]->get_vel().x,get_vel().y); thisObjectHandle = did_handle = true; } } return did_handle; } (if I add the following code {where the comment to do so is}, which is glitchy, the above problem doesn't happen, though it brings others) if (!thisObjectHandle) { if (tcol.bottom > tcol.top) { add_pos(collideQueue[temp]->get_vel().x,-tcol.bottom); set_vel(get_vel().x,collideQueue[temp]->get_vel().y); } else if (tcol.top > tcol.bottom) { add_pos(0,tcol.top); set_vel(get_vel().x,collideQueue[temp]->get_vel().y); } } How would you change my system to prevent this?

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