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• Looking for a small, light scene graph style abstraction lib for shader based OpenGL

  - by Pris

  I'm looking for a 'lean and mean' c/c++ scene graph library for OpenGL that doesn't use any deprecated functionality. It should be cross platform (strictly speaking I just dev on Linux so no love lost if it doesn't work on Windows), and it should be possible to deploy to mobile targets (ie OpenGLES2, and no crazy mandatory dependencies that wouldn't port well to modern mobile frameworks like iOS, Android, etc), with a license that's compatible with closed source software (LGPL or more liberal). Specific nice-to-haves would be: Cameras and Viewers (trackball, fly-by, etc) Object transform hierarchies (if B is a child of A, and you move A, B has the same transform applied to it) Simple animation Scene optimization (frustum culling, use VBOs, minimize state changes, etc) Text I've played around with OpenSceneGraph a lot and it's pretty amazing for fixed function pipeline stuff, but I've had a few of problems using it with the programmable pipeline and after going through their mailing list, it seems several people have had similar issues (going back years). Kitware's VES looks neat (http://www.vtk.org/Wiki/VES), but VES + VTK is pretty heavy. VTK is also typically for analyzing scientific data and I've read that it's not that appropriate for a general use case (not that great at rendering a lot of objects on scene,etc) I'm currently looking at VisualizationLibrary (http://www.visualizationlibrary.org/documentation/pag_gallery.html) which looks like it offers some of the functionality I'd like, but it doesn't explicitly support mobile targets. Other solutions like Ogre, Horde3D, Irrlicht, etc tend to be full on game engines and that's not really what I'm looking for. I'd like some suggestions for other libraries that I may have missed... please note I'm not willing to roll my own solution from scratch.

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• Design patterns for effects between actors and technology

  - by changelog

  I'm working on my first game, and taking the opportunity to brush up my C++ (I want to make as much of it as portable as I can.) Whilst working on the technology tree and how it affects actors (spaceships, planets, crew, buildings, etc) I can't find a pattern that decouples these entities enough to feel like a clean approach. Just as an idea, here's the type of effects these actors can have on one another (and techs too) An engineer inside a spaceship boosts its shield A hero in a spaceship in a fleet increases morale A technology improves spaceships' travel distance A building in a planet improves its production The best I can come up with is the Observer pattern, and basically manage it more or less manually (when a crew member enters a spaceship, fire the event; when a new building is built in a planet, fire the event, etc etc.) but it seems to be too tightly coupled to me. I would love to get some ideas about how to approach this better.

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• Generating grammatically correct MUD-style attack descriptions

  - by Extrakun

  I am currently working on a text based game, where the outcome of a combat round goes something like this %attacker% inflicts a serious wound (12 points damage) on %defender% Right now, I just swap %attacker% with the name of the attacker, and %defender% for the name of the defender. However, the description works, but don't read correctly. Since the game is just all text, I don't want to resort to generic descriptions (Such as "You use Attack on Goblin for 5 damage", which arguably solve the problem) How do I generate correct descriptions for cases where %attacker% refers to "You", the player? "You inflicts..." is wrong "Bees", or other plural? I need somehow to know I should prefix the name with a "The " If %attacker% is a generic noun, such as "Goblin", it will read weird as opposed to %attacker% being a name. Compare "Goblin inflicts..." vs. "Aldraic Swordbringer inflicts...." How does text-based games usually resolve such issues?

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• Can I use PBOs for textures in iOS?

  - by Radu

  As far as I can see, there is no GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER. Also, the OpenGL ES 2.0 specification (and as far as I know, no iOS device currently supports OpenGL ES 2.0) states that glMapBufferOES() can only use GL_ARRAY_BUFFER as a target, yet glTexImage2D() and glTexSubImage2D() only seem to use PBOs if GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER is bound. The OpenGL documentation for glBindBuffer() also states that: GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER and GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER are available only if the GL version is 2.1 or greater. So, can I use PBOs for textures? Am I missing something obvious?

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• Basic game architechture best practices in Cocos2D on iOS

  - by MrDatabase

  Consider the following simple game: 20 squares floating around an iPhone's screen. Tapping a square causes that square to disappear. What's the "best practices" way to set this up in Cocos2D? Here's my plan so far: One Objective-c GameState singleton class (maintains list of active squares) One CCScene (since there's no menus etc) One CCLayer (child node of the scene) Many CCSprite nodes (one for each square, all child nodes of the layer) Each sprite listens for a tap on itself. Receive tap = remove from GameState Since I'm relatively new to Cocos2D I'd like some feedback on this design. For example I'm unsure of the GameState singleton. Perhaps it's unnecessary.

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• How to perform efficient 2D picking in HTML5?

  - by jSepia

  I'm currently using an R-Tree for both picking and collision testing. Each entity on screen has a bounding box for collisions and a separate one for picking. Since entities may change position very frequently, both trees must be updated/reordered once per frame. While this is very efficient for collisions, because the tree is used in hundreds of collision queries every frame, I'm finding it too costly for picking, because it only gets queried when the user clicks, thus leading to a lot of wasted tree updates. What would be a more efficient way to implement picking without as much overhead?

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• Why am I getting a return value of zero from my position computation function?

  - by Hussain Murtaza

  Ok I have a Function int x(), which is used in new Rectangle(x(),a,a,a); in DrawMethod in XNA but when I use it I get x() = 0 as as the answer.Here is my CODE: int x() { int px = (128 * 5); int xx = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { if (Mouse.GetState().X > px) { //xx = Mouse.GetState().X; xx = px; break; } else { px -= 128; } } return xx; } Here is the DrawMethod Code: if (set) { spriteBatch.Draw(texture, new Rectangle(x(), y(), texture.Width, texture.Height), Color.White); textpositionX = x(); textpositionY = y(); set = false; select = false; place = true; } else if(select) { spriteBatch.Draw(texture, new Rectangle(Mouse.GetState().X - texture.Width / 2, Mouse.GetState().Y-texture.Height / 2, texture.Width, texture.Height), Color.White); } else if (place) { spriteBatch.Draw(texture, new Rectangle(textpositionX, textpositionY, texture.Width, texture.Height), Color.White); select = false; set = false; }

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• Save programmatically created Mesh to .X Files using SlimDX throw null exception

  - by zionpi

  Mesh has been created properly using SlimDX,but when I use the following line: Mesh.ToXFile(barMesh, "foo.x", XFileFormat.Text,CharSet.Unicode); It throws NullReferenceException,through monitor window I can see barMesh is not null, inside the mesh structrue, SkinInfo is null. If SkinInfo is the problem,then how can I initialize it properly?Internet doesn't seems have much information on this.

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• XNA frame rate spikes in full screen mode

  - by ProgrammerAtWork

  I'm loading a simple texture and rotating it in XNA, and this works. But when I run it in full screen 1920x1080 mode I see spikes while my texture is rotating. If I run it windowed with 1920x1080 resolution, I don't get the spikes. The size of the texture does not seem to matter, I tried 512 texture size and 2048 texture size, same thing happens. Spikes in full screen, no spikes in windowed, resolution does not seem to matter, Debug or Release does not seem to do anything either. Anyone got ideas of what could be the problem? Edit: I think this problem has something to do with the vertical retrace. Set this property: _graphicsDeviceManager.SynchronizeWithVerticalRetrace = false; you'll lose vsync but it will not stutter.

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• xbox thumbstick used to rotate sprite, basic formula makes it "stick" or feel "sticky" at 90 degree intervals! how do get smooth rotation?

  - by Hugh

  Context: C#, XNA game I am using a very basic formula to calculate what angle my sprite (spaceship for example) should be facing based on the xbox controller thumbstick ie. you use the thumbstick to rotate the ship! in my main update method: shuttleAngle = (float) Math.Atan2(newGamePadState.ThumbSticks.Right.X, newGamePadState.ThumbSticks.Right.Y); in my main draw method: spriteBatch.Draw(shuttle, shuttleCoords, sourceRectangle, Color.White, shuttleAngle, origin, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 1); as you can see its quite simple, i take the current radians from the thumbstick and store it in a float "shuttleAngle" and then use this as the rotation angle (in radians) arguement for drawing the shuttle. For some reason when i rotate the sprint it feels sticky at 0, 90, 180 and 270 degrees angles, it wants to settle at those angles. its not giving me a smooth and natural rotation like i would feel in a game that uses a similar mechanic. PS: my xbox controller is fine!

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• How can I easily create cloud texture maps?

  - by EdwardTeach

  I am making 3d planets in my game; these will be viewed as "globes". Some of them will need cloud layers. I looked at various Blender tutorials for creating "earth", and for their cloud layers they use earth cloud maps from NASA. However I will be creating a fictional universe with many procedurally-generated planets. So I would like to use many variations. I'm hoping there's a way to procedurally generate cloud maps such as the NASA link. I will also need to create gas giants, so I will also need other kinds of cloud texture maps. If that is too difficult, I could fall back to creating several variations of cloud maps. For example, 3 for earth-like, 3 for gas giants, etc. So how do I statically create or programmatically generate such cloud maps?

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• How do you pack resources in a game when you have too many of them?

  - by ThePlan

  I've recently made a basic space invaders clone in C++ using the Allegro 5 framework. It took me a long time, but after I finished, I realized I had about 10 sprites, and 13MB worth of DLLs (Some of the people didn't even have the mingW dlls) which were making people who played the game very confused. How can I "pack" all my resources in a way that I can easily add-remove data to my game, and to reduce the size taken by the resource, basically placing them in 1 spot? I'm using codeblocks.

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• Is there any way to enable the HiDef graphics profile property on a Silverlight 5 3d Web App?

  - by Daniel

  I have an XNA Windows Game that uses the HiDef profile to load complex fbx and obj files. Trying to move it over to a Silverlight 3d Web App, Silverlight seems to only want to use the Reach profile, and I get an error that the Reach profile does not support a sufficient number of primitive draws per call. Is there any way to change to HiDef in Silverlight 5? It is not in the project properties and attempting to change it in mainpage.xaml.cs only gives me the option of setting it to Reach.

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• Frame timing for GLFW versus GLUT

  - by linello

  I need a library which ensures me that the timing between frames are more constant as possible during an experiment of visual psychophics. This is usually done synchronizing the refresh rate of the screen with the main loop. For example if my monitor runs at 60Hz I would like to specify that frequency to my framework. For example if my gameloop is the following void gameloop() { // do some computation printDeltaT(); Flip buffers } I would like to have printed a constant time interval. Is it possible with GLFW?

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• Dynamic Quad/Oct Trees

  - by KKlouzal

  I've recently discovered the power of Quadtrees and Octrees and their role in culling/LOD applications, however I've been pondering on the implementations for a Dynamic Quad/Oct Tree. Such tree would not require a complete rebuild when some of the underlying data changes (Vertex Data). Would it be possible to create such a tree? What would that look like? Could someone point me in the correct direction to get started? The application here would, in my scenario, be used for a dynamically changing spherical landscape with over 10,000,000 verticies. The use of Quad/Oct Trees is obvious for Culling & LOD as well as the benefits from not having to completely recompute the tree when the underlying data changes.

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• New to CG shader programming, what program should I use to write and test them?

  - by Notbad

  I have started witting some shaders. First ones were fairly easy to write in notepad but now I need something with a bit more meat. I have checked rendermonnkey that seems to support CG but it is really old and don't know if it is a good option. On the other hand there exist this FX Composer 2.0 but it seems somthing that could really distract me from learning shaders because it seems a pretty deep program. Are there any other possibilities? There's a really nice alternative to write shaders named ShaderToy but just supports GLSL. Any information will be really welcomed. Thanks in advance.

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• Blender - creating bones from transform matrices

  - by user975135

  Notice: this is for the Blender 2.5/2.6 API. Back in the old days in the Blender 2.4 API, you could easily create a bone from a transform matrix in your 3d file as EditBones had an attribute named "matrix", which was an armature-space matrix you could access and modify. The new 2.5+ API still has the "matrix" attribute for EditBones, but for some unknown reason it is now read-only. So how to create EditBones from transform matrices? I could only find one thing: a new "transform()" function, which takes a Matrix too. Transform the the bones head, tail, roll and envelope (when the matrix has a scale component). Perfect, but you already need to have some values (loc/rot/scale) for your bone, otherwise transforming with a matrix like this will give you nothing, your bone will be a zero-sized bone which will be deleted by Blender. if you create default bone values first, like this: bone.tail = mathutils.Vector([0,1,0]) Then transform() will work on your bone and it might seem to create correct bones, but setting a tail position actually generates a matrix itself, use transform() and you don't get the matrix from your model file on your EditBone, but the multiplication of your matrix with the bone's existing one. This can be easily proven by comparing the matrices read from the file with EditBone.matrix. Again it might seem correct in Blender, but now export your model and you see your animations are messed up, as the bind pose rotations of the bones are wrong. I've tried to find an alternative way to assign the transformation matrix from my file to my EditBone with no luck.

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• Best way to implement mouse-based movement in MMOG

  - by fiftyeight

  I want to design an MMO where players click the destination they want to walk to with their mouse and the character moves there, similar to Runescape in this manner. I think it should be easier than keyboard movement since the client can simply send the server the destination each time the player clicks on a destination. The main thing I'm trying to decide is what to do when there are obstacles in the way. It's no problem to implement a simple path-finding solution on the client, the question is if the server will do path-finding as well, since it'll probably take too much Computation power from the server. What I though is that when there is an obstacle the client will send only the first coordinate it plans to go to and then when he gets there he'll send the next coordinate automatically. For example if there is a rock in the way the character will decide on a route that is made of two destinations so it goes around the rock and when it arrives at the first destination it sends the next coordinate. That way if the player changes destination is the middle he won't send unnecessary information. Is this a good way to implement it and is there a standard way MMOGs usually do it? EDIT: I should also mention that the server will make sure all movements are legal and there aren't any walls in the way etc. In the way I wrote it should be quite easy since all movements will be sent in straight lines so the server will just check there aren't any obstacles along that line.

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• Finding closest object to a location within a specific perpendicular distance to direction vector

  - by Sniper

  I have a location and a direction vector indicating facing, I want to find the closest object to that location that is within some tolerance distance (perpendicular distance) to the ray formed by the location and direction vector. Basically I want to get the object that is being aimed at. I have thought about finding all objects within a box and then finding the closest object to my vector from them results, but I am sure that there is a more efficient way. The Z axis is optional, the objects are most likely within a few meters of the search vector.

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• Adding tolerance to a point in polygon test

  - by David Gouveia

  I've been using this method which was taken from Game Coding Complete to detect whether a point is inside of a polygon. It works in almost every case, but is failing on a few edge cases, and I can't figure out the reason. For example, given a polygon with vertices at (0,0) (0,100) and (100,100), the algorithm is returning: True for any point strictly inside the polygon False for any of the vertices False for (0, 50) which lies on one of the edges of the polygon True (?) for (50,50) which is also on one of the edges of the polygon I'd actually like to relax the algorithm so that it returns true in all of these cases. In other words, it should return true for points that are strictly inside, for the vertices themselves, and for points on the edges of the polygon. If possible I'd also like to give it enough tolerance so that it always tend towards "true" in face of floating point fluctuations. For example, I have another method, that given a line segment and a point, returns the closest location on the line segment to the given point. Currently, given any point outside the polygon and one of its edges, there are cases where the result is categorized as being inside by the method above, while other points are considered outside. I'd like to give it enough tolerance so that it always returns true in this situation. The way I've currently solved the problem is an hack, which consists of using an external library to inflate the polygon by a few pixels, and performing the tests on the inflated polygon, but I'd really like to replace this with a proper solution.

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• Managing constant buffers without FX interface

  - by xcrypt

  I am aware that there is a sample on working without FX in the samplebrowser, and I already checked that one. However, some questions arise: In the sample: D3DXMATRIXA16 mWorldViewProj; D3DXMATRIXA16 mWorld; D3DXMATRIXA16 mView; D3DXMATRIXA16 mProj; mWorld = g_World; mView = g_View; mProj = g_Projection; mWorldViewProj = mWorld * mView * mProj; VS_CONSTANT_BUFFER* pConstData; g_pConstantBuffer10->Map( D3D10_MAP_WRITE_DISCARD, NULL, ( void** )&pConstData ); pConstData->mWorldViewProj = mWorldViewProj; pConstData->fTime = fBoundedTime; g_pConstantBuffer10->Unmap(); They are copying their D3DXMATRIX'es to D3DXMATRIXA16. Checked on msdn, these new matrices are 16 byte aligned and optimised for intel pentium 4. So as my first question: 1) Is it necessary to copy matrices to D3DXMATRIXA16 before sending them to the constant buffer? And if no, why don't we just use D3DXMATRIXA16 all the time? I have another question about managing multiple constant buffers within one shader. Suppose that, within your shader, you have multiple constant buffers that need to be updated at different times: cbuffer cbNeverChanges { matrix View; }; cbuffer cbChangeOnResize { matrix Projection; }; cbuffer cbChangesEveryFrame { matrix World; float4 vMeshColor; }; Then how would I set these buffers all at different times? g_pd3dDevice->VSSetConstantBuffers( 0, 1, &g_pConstantBuffer10 ); gives me the possibility to set multiple buffers, but that is within one call. 2) Is that okay even if my constant buffers are updated at different times? And do I suppose I have to make sure the constantbuffers are in the same position in the array as the order they appear in the shader?

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• How is the terrain generated in Commandos and Commandos game clones/look-alikes?

  - by teodron

  The Commandos series of games and its similar western counterpart, Desperados, use a mix of 2D and 3D elements to achieve a very pleasing and immersive atmosphere. Apart from the concept that alone made the series a best-seller, the graphics eye-candy was also a much appreciated asset of that game. I was very curious on what was the technique used to model and adorn the realistic terrains in those titles? Below are some screenshots that could be relevant as a reference for whomever has a candidate answer: The tiny details and patternless distribution of ornamental textures make me think that these terrains were not generated using a standard heightmap-blendmap method.

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• Getting isometric grid coordinates from standard X,Y coordinates

  - by RoryHarvey

  I'm currently trying to add sprites to an isometric Tiled TMX map using Objects in cocos2d. The problem is the X and Y metadata from TMX object are in standard 2d format (pixels x, pixels y), instead of isometric grid X and Y format. Usually you would just divide them by the tile size, but isometric needs some sort of transform. For example on a 64x32 isometric tilemap of size 40 tiles by 40 tiles an object at (20,21)'s coordinates come out as (640,584) So the question really is what formula gets (20,21) from (640,584)?

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• Dynamic libraries are not allowed on iOS but what about this?

  - by tapirath

  I'm currently using LuaJIT and its FFI interface to call C functions from LUA scripts. What FFI does is to look at dynamic libraries' exported symbols and let the developer use it directly form LUA. Kind of like Python ctypes. Obviously using dynamic libraries is not permitted in iOS for security reasons. So in order to come up with a solution I found the following snippet. /* (c) 2012 +++ Filip Stoklas, aka FipS, http://www.4FipS.com +++ THIS CODE IS FREE - LICENSED UNDER THE MIT LICENSE ARTICLE URL: http://forums.4fips.com/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=589 */ extern "C" { #include <lua.h> #include <lualib.h> #include <lauxlib.h> } // extern "C" #include <cassert> // Please note that despite the fact that we build this code as a regular // executable (exe), we still use __declspec(dllexport) to export // symbols. Without doing that FFI wouldn't be able to locate them! extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void __cdecl hello_from_lua(const char *msg) { printf("A message from LUA: %s\n", msg); } const char *lua_code = "local ffi = require('ffi') \n" "ffi.cdef[[ \n" "const char * hello_from_lua(const char *); \n" // matches the C prototype "]] \n" "ffi.C.hello_from_lua('Hello from LUA!') \n" // do actual C call ; int main() { lua_State *lua = luaL_newstate(); assert(lua); luaL_openlibs(lua); const int status = luaL_dostring(lua, lua_code); if(status) printf("Couldn't execute LUA code: %s\n", lua_tostring(lua, -1)); lua_close(lua); return 0; } // output: // A message from LUA: Hello from LUA! Basically, instead of using a dynamic library, the symbols are exported directly inside the executable file. The question is: is this permitted by Apple? Thanks.

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• Why can't a blendShader sample anything but the current coordinate of the background image?

  - by Triynko

  In Flash, you can set a DisplayObject's blendShader property to a pixel shader (flash.shaders.Shader class). The mechanism is nice, because Flash automatically provides your Shader with two input images, including the background surface and the foreground display object's bitmap. The problem is that at runtime, the shader doesn't allow you to sample the background anywhere but under the current output coordinate. If you try to sample other coordinates, it just returns the color of the current coordinate instead, ignoring the coordinates you specified. This seems to occur only at runtime, because it works properly in the Pixel Bender toolkit. This limitation makes it impossible to simulate, for example, the Aero Glass effect in Windows Vista/7, because you cannot sample the background properly for blurring. I must mention that it is possible to create the effect in Flash through manual composition techniques, but it's hard to determine when it actually needs updated, because Flash does not provide information about when a particular area of the screen or a particular display object needs re-rendered. For example, you may have a fixed glass surface with objects moving underneath it that don't dispatch events when they move. The only alternative is to re-render the glass bar every frame, which is inefficient, which is why I am trying to do it through a blendShader so Flash determines when it needs rendered automatically. Is there a technical reason for this limitation, or is it an oversight of some sort? Does anyone know of a workaround, or a way I could provide my manual composition implementation with information about when it needs re-rendered? The limitation is mentioned with no explanation in the last note in this page: http://help.adobe.com/en_US/as3/dev/WSB19E965E-CCD2-4174-8077-8E5D0141A4A8.html It says: "Note: When a Pixel Bender shader program is run as a blend in Flash Player or AIR, the sampling and outCoord() functions behave differently than in other contexts.In a blend, a sampling function will always return the current pixel being evaluated by the shader. You cannot, for example, use add an offset to outCoord() in order to sample a neighboring pixel. Likewise, if you use the outCoord() function outside a sampling function, its coordinates always evaluate to 0. You cannot, for example, use the position of a pixel to influence how the blended images are combined."

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