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  • xbox thumbstick used to rotate sprite, basic formula makes it "stick" or feel "sticky" at 90 degree intervals! how do get smooth rotation?

    - by Hugh
    Context: C#, XNA game I am using a very basic formula to calculate what angle my sprite (spaceship for example) should be facing based on the xbox controller thumbstick ie. you use the thumbstick to rotate the ship! in my main update method: shuttleAngle = (float) Math.Atan2(newGamePadState.ThumbSticks.Right.X, newGamePadState.ThumbSticks.Right.Y); in my main draw method: spriteBatch.Draw(shuttle, shuttleCoords, sourceRectangle, Color.White, shuttleAngle, origin, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 1); as you can see its quite simple, i take the current radians from the thumbstick and store it in a float "shuttleAngle" and then use this as the rotation angle (in radians) arguement for drawing the shuttle. For some reason when i rotate the sprint it feels sticky at 0, 90, 180 and 270 degrees angles, it wants to settle at those angles. its not giving me a smooth and natural rotation like i would feel in a game that uses a similar mechanic. PS: my xbox controller is fine!

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  • How can I easily create cloud texture maps?

    - by EdwardTeach
    I am making 3d planets in my game; these will be viewed as "globes". Some of them will need cloud layers. I looked at various Blender tutorials for creating "earth", and for their cloud layers they use earth cloud maps from NASA. However I will be creating a fictional universe with many procedurally-generated planets. So I would like to use many variations. I'm hoping there's a way to procedurally generate cloud maps such as the NASA link. I will also need to create gas giants, so I will also need other kinds of cloud texture maps. If that is too difficult, I could fall back to creating several variations of cloud maps. For example, 3 for earth-like, 3 for gas giants, etc. So how do I statically create or programmatically generate such cloud maps?

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  • 2D wave-like sprite movement XNA

    - by TheBroodian
    I'm trying to create a particle that will 'circle' my character. When the particle is created, it's given a random position in relation to my character, and a box to provide boundaries for how far left or right this particle should circle. When I use the phrase 'circle', I'm referring to a simulated circling, i.e., when moving to the right, the particle will appear in front of my character, when passing back to the left, the particle will appear behind my character. That may have been too much context, so let me cut to the chase: In essence, the path I would like my particle to follow would be akin to a sine wave, with the left and right sides of the provided rectangle being the apexes of the wave. The trouble I'm having is that the position of the particle will be random, so it will never be produced at the same place within the wave twice, but I have no idea how to create this sort of behavior procedurally.

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  • Why can't a blendShader sample anything but the current coordinate of the background image?

    - by Triynko
    In Flash, you can set a DisplayObject's blendShader property to a pixel shader (flash.shaders.Shader class). The mechanism is nice, because Flash automatically provides your Shader with two input images, including the background surface and the foreground display object's bitmap. The problem is that at runtime, the shader doesn't allow you to sample the background anywhere but under the current output coordinate. If you try to sample other coordinates, it just returns the color of the current coordinate instead, ignoring the coordinates you specified. This seems to occur only at runtime, because it works properly in the Pixel Bender toolkit. This limitation makes it impossible to simulate, for example, the Aero Glass effect in Windows Vista/7, because you cannot sample the background properly for blurring. I must mention that it is possible to create the effect in Flash through manual composition techniques, but it's hard to determine when it actually needs updated, because Flash does not provide information about when a particular area of the screen or a particular display object needs re-rendered. For example, you may have a fixed glass surface with objects moving underneath it that don't dispatch events when they move. The only alternative is to re-render the glass bar every frame, which is inefficient, which is why I am trying to do it through a blendShader so Flash determines when it needs rendered automatically. Is there a technical reason for this limitation, or is it an oversight of some sort? Does anyone know of a workaround, or a way I could provide my manual composition implementation with information about when it needs re-rendered? The limitation is mentioned with no explanation in the last note in this page: http://help.adobe.com/en_US/as3/dev/WSB19E965E-CCD2-4174-8077-8E5D0141A4A8.html It says: "Note: When a Pixel Bender shader program is run as a blend in Flash Player or AIR, the sampling and outCoord() functions behave differently than in other contexts.In a blend, a sampling function will always return the current pixel being evaluated by the shader. You cannot, for example, use add an offset to outCoord() in order to sample a neighboring pixel. Likewise, if you use the outCoord() function outside a sampling function, its coordinates always evaluate to 0. You cannot, for example, use the position of a pixel to influence how the blended images are combined."

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  • Initializing entities vs having a constructor parameter

    - by Vee
    I'm working on a turn-based tile-based puzzle game, and to create new entities, I use this code: Field.CreateEntity(10, 5, Factory.Player()); This creates a new Player at [10; 5]. I'm using a factory-like class to create entities via composition. This is what the CreateEntity method looks like: public void CreateEntity(int mX, int mY, Entity mEntity) { mEntity.Field = this; TileManager.AddEntity(mEntity, true); GetTile(mX, mY).AddEntity(mEntity); mEntity.Initialize(); InvokeOnEntityCreated(mEntity); } Since many of the components (and also logic) of the entities require to know what the tile they're in is, or what the field they belong to is, I need to have mEntity.Initialize(); to know when the entity knows its own field and tile. The Initialize(); method contains a call to an event handler, so that I can do stuff like this in the factory class: result.OnInitialize += () => result.AddTags(TDLibConstants.GroundWalkableTag, TDLibConstants.TrapdoorTag); result.OnInitialize += () => result.AddComponents(new RenderComponent(), new ElementComponent(), new DirectionComponent()); This works so far, but it is not elegant and it's very open to bugs. I'm also using the same idea with components: they have a parameterless constructor, and when you call the AddComponent(mComponent); method in an entity, it is the entity's job to set the component's entity to itself. The alternative would be having a Field, int, int parameters in the factory class, to do stuff like: new Entity(Field, 10, 5); But I also don't like the fact that I have to create new entities like this. I would prefer creating entities via the Field object itself. How can I make entity/component creation more elegant and less prone to bugs?

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  • Apply bone tranforms when importing FBX in XNA

    - by hichaeretaqua
    Preconditions: I have some models, that does only contain some meshes and one texture. There is no animation within the model. An example: a model of a table. I want to draw the Model with a custom effect, so I have to swap the effect after loading the model. In order to draw them correctly, I have to apply the bone transformation manually on each draw for each mesh and effect as can be seen here. So there are two questions: Is there a option during import that allows my to apply the bone transformation on all vertices, so that during draw call I should not have to do this? Is there a option during import that merges all vertices into a Vertex- and IndexBuffer, that allows me to draw the whole model with just one call? I'm pretty sure that the build-in "Autodesk FBX - XNA Framework" does not support this features, but maybe there is an other imported available or an other possibility I missed. The aim is to speed up rendering a little bit especially by using instancing. So having one VertexBuffer to draw at one time would be pretty nice.

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  • Data structures for a 2D multi-layered and multi-region map?

    - by DevilWithin
    I am working on a 2D world editor and a world format subsequently. If I were to handle the game "world" being created just as a layered set of structures, either in top or side views, it would be considerably simple to do most things. But, since this editor is meant for 3rd parties, I have no clue how big worlds one will want to make and I need to keep in mind that eventually it will become simply too much to check, handling and comparing stuff that are happening completely away from the player position. I know the solution for this is to subdivide my world into sub regions and stream them on the fly, loading and unloading resources and other data. This way I know a virtually infinite game area is achievable. But, while I know theoretically what to do, I really have a few questions I'd hoped to get answered for some hints about the topic. The logic way to handle the regions is some kind of grid, would you pick evenly distributed blocks with equal sizes or would you let the user subdivide areas by taste with irregular sized rectangles? In case of even grids, would you use some kind of block/chunk neighbouring system to check when the player transposes the limit or just put all those in a simple array? Being a region a different data structure than its owner "game world", when streaming a region, would you deliver the objects to the parent structures and track them for unloading later, or retain the objects in each region for a more "hard-limit" approach? Introducing the subdivision approach to the project, and already having a multi layered scene graph structure on place, how would i make it support the new concept? Would you have the parent node have the layers as children, and replicate in each layer node, a node per region? Or the opposite, parent node owns all the regions possible, and each region has multiple layers as children? Or would you just put the region logic outside the graph completely(compatible with the first suggestion in Q.3) When I say virtually infinite worlds, I mean it of course under the contraints of the variable sizes and so on. Using float positions, a HUGE world can already be made. Do you think its sane to think beyond that? Because I think its ok to stick to this limit since it will never be reached so easily.. As for when to stream a region, I'm implementing it as a collection of watcher cameras, which the streaming system works with to know what to load/unload. The problem here is, i will be needing some kind of warps/teleports built in for my game, and there is a chance i will be teleporting a player to a unloaded region far away. How would you approach something like this? Is it sane to load any region to memory which can be teleported to by a warp within a radius from the player? Sorry for the huge question, any answers are helpful!

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  • How is constant buffer allocation handled in DX11?

    - by Marek
    I'm starting with DX11 and I'm not sure if I'm doing the things right. I want to have both pixel and vertex shader program in one file. Both use some shared and some different constant buffers. So it looks like this: Shader.fx cbuffer ForVS : register(b0) { float4x4 wvp; }; cbuffer ForVSandPS : register(b1) { float4 stuff; float4 stuff2; }; cbuffer ForVS2 : register(b2) { float4 stuff; float4 stuff2; }; cbuffer ForPS : register(b3) { float4 stuff; float4 stuff2; }; .... And in code I use mContext->VSSetConstantBuffers( 0, 1, bufferVS); mContext->VSSetConstantBuffers( 1, 1, bufferVS_PS); mContext->VSSetConstantBuffers( 2, 1, bufferVS2); mContext->PSSetConstantBuffers( 1, 1, bufferVS_PS); mContext->PSSetConstantBuffers( 3, 1, bufferPS); The numbering of buffers in PS is what bugs me, is it alright to bind random slots to shaders (in this example 1 and 3)? Does that mean it still uses just two buffers or does it initialize 0 and 2 buffer pointers to empty? Thank you.

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  • New to CG shader programming, what program should I use to write and test them?

    - by Notbad
    I have started witting some shaders. First ones were fairly easy to write in notepad but now I need something with a bit more meat. I have checked rendermonnkey that seems to support CG but it is really old and don't know if it is a good option. On the other hand there exist this FX Composer 2.0 but it seems somthing that could really distract me from learning shaders because it seems a pretty deep program. Are there any other possibilities? There's a really nice alternative to write shaders named ShaderToy but just supports GLSL. Any information will be really welcomed. Thanks in advance.

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  • libgdx arrays onTouch() method and delays for objects

    - by johnny-b
    i am trying to create random bullets but it is not working for some reason. also how can i make a delay so the bullets come every 30 seconds or 1 minute???? also the onTouch method does not work and it is not taking the bullet away???? shall i put the array in the GameRender class? thanks public class GameWorld { public static Ball ball; private Bullet bullet1; private ScrollHandler scroller; private Array<Bullet> bullets = new Array<Bullet>(); public GameWorld() { ball = new Ball(280, 273, 32, 32); bullet = new Bullet(-300, 200); scroller = new ScrollHandler(0); bullets.add(new Bullet(bullet.getX(), bullet.getY())); bullets = new Array<Bullet>(); Bullet bullet = null; float bulletX = 0.0f; float bulletY = 0.0f; for (int i=0; i < 10; i++) { bulletX = MathUtils.random(-10, 10); bulletY = MathUtils.random(-10, 10); bullet = new Bullet(bulletX, bulletY); bullets.add(bullet); } } public void update(float delta) { ball.update(delta); bullet.update(delta); scroller.update(delta); } public static Ball getBall() { return ball; } public ScrollHandler getScroller() { return scroller; } public Bullet getBullet1() { return bullet1; } } i also tried this and it is not working, i used this in the GameRender class Array<Bullet> enemies=new Array<Bullet>(); //in the constructor of the class enemies.add(new Bullet(bullet.getX(), bullet.getY())); // this throws an exception for some reason??? this is in the render method for(int i=0; i<bullet.size; i++) bullet.get(i).draw(batcher); //this i am using in any method that will allow me from the constructor to update to render for(int i=0; i<bullet.size; i++) bullet.get(i).update(delta); this is not taking the bullet out @Override public boolean touchDown(int screenX, int screenY, int pointer, int button) { for(int i=0; i<bullet.size; i++) if(bullet.get(i).getBounds().contains(screenX,screenY)) bullet.removeIndex(i--); return false; } thanks for the help anyone.

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  • SDL2 with OpenGL -- weird results, what's wrong?

    - by ber4444
    I'm porting an app to iOS, and therefore need to upgrade it to SDL2 from SDL1.2 (so far I'm testing it as an on OS X desktop app only). However, when running the code with SDL2, I'm getting weird results as shown on the second image below (the first image is how it looks with SDL, correctly). The single changeset that causes this is this one, do you see something obviously wrong there, or does SDL2 have some OpenGL nuances I'm unaware of? My SDL is based on changeset dd7e57847ea9 from HG (since then there is one "Allow specifying of OpenGL 3.2 Core Profile on Mac OS X" commit, not sure if that would help).

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  • OnTrigger not firing consistently

    - by Lautaro
    I have a Prefab called Player which has a Body and a Sword. The game uses 2 instances of Player, Player1 and Player2. I use Player1 to strike Player2. This is code on the sword. My hope is that Sword of Player1 will log on contct with Body of Player2. It happens but only the first hit and then i have to hit several times before another strike is logged. But when i look at log from OnTriggerStay it looks like the TriggerExit is never detected untill long after the sword is gone. void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other) { //Play sound to confirm collision var sm = ObjectDirectory.soundManager; sm.PlaySoundClip(sm.gui_02); Debug.Log(other.name + " - ENTER" ); } void OnTriggerStay(Collider other) { Debug.Log(other.name + " - collision" ); } void OnTriggerExit(Collider other) { Debug.Log(other.name + " - HAS LEFT" ); } DEBUG LOG: Player2 - ENTER UnityEngine.Debug:Log(Object) SwordControl:OnTriggerEnter(Collider) (at Assets/Scripts/SwordControl.cs:28) Player2 - collision UnityEngine.Debug:Log(Object) SwordControl:OnTriggerStay(Collider) (at Assets/Scripts/SwordControl.cs:34) (The last debug log then repeated hundreds of times long after the sword of player 1 had withdrawn and was in no contact with player 2 ) EDIT: Further tests shows that if i move player1 backwards away form player2 i trigger the OnTriggerExit. Even if the sword is not touching Player2 since after the blow. However even after OnTriggerExit it takes many tries untill i can get another blow registered.

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  • How to categorize textures into atlases

    - by Esa
    I am going to use texture atlasing for the first time in my games, and at first it seemed like a great idea to split textures into atlases by categorizing them by terrain themes e.g ForestTextures, WinterTextures etc. But that could cause a problem when for example a flower has to use transparency shader and other models use a diffuse shader. So those cannot be atlased into the same texture. Thus, would atlasing textures into themes as mentioned before and then splitting them by shader like ForestDiffuse and ForestTransparent be good? Or is there a better way to categorize and build them?

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  • JBox2D Polygon Collisions Acting Strange

    - by andy
    I have been playing around with JBox2D and Slick2D and made a little demo with a ground object, a box object, and two different polygons. The problem I am facing is that the collision-detection for the polygons seems to be off (see picture below), but the box's collision works fine. My Code: Main Class package main; import org.jbox2d.common.Vec2; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.BodyType; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.World; import org.newdawn.slick.GameContainer; import org.newdawn.slick.Graphics; import org.newdawn.slick.SlickException; import org.newdawn.slick.state.BasicGameState; import org.newdawn.slick.state.StateBasedGame; import shapes.Box; import shapes.Polygon; public class State1 extends BasicGameState{ World world; int velocityIterations; int positionIterations; float pixelsPerMeter; int state; Box ground; Box box1; Polygon poly1; Polygon poly2; Renderer renderer; public State1(int state) { this.state = state; } @Override public void init(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame game) throws SlickException { velocityIterations = 10; positionIterations = 10; pixelsPerMeter = 1f; world = new World(new Vec2(0.f, -9.8f)); renderer = new Renderer(gc, gc.getGraphics(), pixelsPerMeter, world); box1 = new Box(-100f, 200f, 40, 50, BodyType.DYNAMIC, world); ground = new Box(-14, -275, 50, 900, BodyType.STATIC, world); poly1 = new Polygon(50f, 10f, new Vec2[] { new Vec2(-6f, -14f), new Vec2(0f, -20f), new Vec2(6f, -14f), new Vec2(10f, 10f), new Vec2(-10f, 10f) }, BodyType.DYNAMIC, world); poly2 = new Polygon(0f, 10f, new Vec2[] { new Vec2(10f, 0f), new Vec2(20f, 0f), new Vec2(30f, 10f), new Vec2(30f, 20f), new Vec2(20f, 30f), new Vec2(10f, 30f), new Vec2(0f, 20f), new Vec2(0f, 10f) }, BodyType.DYNAMIC, world); } @Override public void update(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame game, int delta) throws SlickException { world.step((float)delta / 180f, velocityIterations, positionIterations); } @Override public void render(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame game, Graphics g) throws SlickException { renderer.render(); } @Override public int getID() { return this.state; } } Polygon Class package shapes; import org.jbox2d.collision.shapes.PolygonShape; import org.jbox2d.common.Vec2; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.Body; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.BodyDef; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.BodyType; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.FixtureDef; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.World; import org.newdawn.slick.Color; public class Polygon { public float x, y; public Color color; public BodyType bodyType; org.newdawn.slick.geom.Polygon poly; BodyDef def; PolygonShape ps; FixtureDef fd; Body body; World world; Vec2[] verts; public Polygon(float x, float y, Vec2[] verts, BodyType bodyType, World world) { this.verts = verts; this.x = x; this.y = y; this.bodyType = bodyType; this.world = world; init(); } public void init() { def = new BodyDef(); def.type = bodyType; def.position.set(x, y); ps = new PolygonShape(); ps.set(verts, verts.length); fd = new FixtureDef(); fd.shape = ps; fd.density = 2.0f; fd.friction = 0.7f; fd.restitution = 0.5f; body = world.createBody(def); body.createFixture(fd); } } Rendering Class package main; import org.jbox2d.collision.shapes.PolygonShape; import org.jbox2d.collision.shapes.ShapeType; import org.jbox2d.common.MathUtils; import org.jbox2d.common.Vec2; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.Body; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.Fixture; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.World; import org.newdawn.slick.Color; import org.newdawn.slick.GameContainer; import org.newdawn.slick.Graphics; import org.newdawn.slick.geom.Polygon; import org.newdawn.slick.geom.Transform; public class Renderer { World world; float pixelsPerMeter; GameContainer gc; Graphics g; public Renderer(GameContainer gc, Graphics g, float ppm, World world) { this.world = world; this.pixelsPerMeter = ppm; this.g = g; this.gc = gc; } public void render() { Body current = world.getBodyList(); Vec2 center = current.getLocalCenter(); while(current != null) { Vec2 pos = current.getPosition(); g.pushTransform(); g.translate(pos.x * pixelsPerMeter + (0.5f * gc.getWidth()), -pos.y * pixelsPerMeter + (0.5f * gc.getHeight())); Fixture f = current.getFixtureList(); while(f != null) { ShapeType type = f.getType(); g.setColor(getColor(current)); switch(type) { case POLYGON: { PolygonShape shape = (PolygonShape)f.getShape(); Vec2[] verts = shape.getVertices(); int count = shape.getVertexCount(); Polygon p = new Polygon(); for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) { p.addPoint(verts[i].x, verts[i].y); } p.setCenterX(center.x); p.setCenterY(center.y); p = (Polygon)p.transform(Transform.createRotateTransform(current.getAngle() + MathUtils.PI, center.x, center.y)); p = (Polygon)p.transform(Transform.createScaleTransform(pixelsPerMeter, pixelsPerMeter)); g.draw(p); break; } case CIRCLE: { f.getShape(); } default: } f = f.getNext(); } g.popTransform(); current = current.getNext(); } } public Color getColor(Body b) { Color c = new Color(1f, 1f, 1f); switch(b.m_type) { case DYNAMIC: if(b.isActive()) { c = new Color(255, 123, 0); } else { c = new Color(99, 99, 99); } break; case KINEMATIC: break; case STATIC: c = new Color(111, 111, 111); break; default: break; } return c; } } Any help with fixing the collisions would be greatly appreciated, and if you need any other code snippets I would be happy to provide them.

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  • Snake Game Help

    - by MuhammadA
    I am making a snake game and learning XNA at the same time. I have 3 classes : Game.cs, Snake.cs and Apple.cs My problem is more of a conceptual problem, I want to know which class is really responsible for ... detecting collision of snake head on apple/itself/wall? which class should increase the snakes speed, size? It seems to me that however much I try and put the snake stuff into snake.cs that game.cs has to know a lot about the snake, like : -- I want to increase the score depending on size of snake, the score variable is inside game.cs, which means now I have to ask the snake its size on every hit of the apple... seems a bit unclean all this highly coupled code. or -- I DO NOT want to place the apple under the snake... now the apple suddenly has to know about all the snake parts, my head hurts when I think of that. Maybe there should be some sort of AppleLayer.cs class that should know about the snake... Whats the best approach in such a simple scenario? Any tips welcome. Game.cs : using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Design; namespace Snakez { public enum CurrentGameState { Playing, Paused, NotPlaying } public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { private GraphicsDeviceManager _graphics; private SpriteBatch _spriteBatch; private readonly Color _niceGreenColour = new Color(167, 255, 124); private KeyboardState _oldKeyboardState; private SpriteFont _scoreFont; private SoundEffect _biteSound, _crashSound; private Vector2 _scoreLocation = new Vector2(10, 10); private Apple _apple; private Snake _snake; private int _score = 0; private int _speed = 1; public Game1() { _graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; } /// <summary> /// Allows the game to perform any initialization it needs to before starting to run. /// This is where it can query for any required services and load any non-graphic /// related content. Calling base.Initialize will enumerate through any components /// and initialize them as well. /// </summary> protected override void Initialize() { base.Initialize(); } /// <summary> /// LoadContent will be called once per game and is the place to load /// all of your content. /// </summary> protected override void LoadContent() { _spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); _scoreFont = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("Score"); _apple = new Apple(800, 480, Content.Load<Texture2D>("Apple")); _snake = new Snake(Content.Load<Texture2D>("BodyBlock")); _biteSound = Content.Load<SoundEffect>("Bite"); _crashSound = Content.Load<SoundEffect>("Crash"); } /// <summary> /// UnloadContent will be called once per game and is the place to unload /// all content. /// </summary> protected override void UnloadContent() { Content.Unload(); } /// <summary> /// Allows the game to run logic such as updating the world, /// checking for collisions, gathering input, and playing audio. /// </summary> /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param> protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { KeyboardState newKeyboardState = Keyboard.GetState(); if (newKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Escape)) { this.Exit(); // Allows the game to exit } else if (newKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Up) && !_oldKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Up)) { _snake.SetDirection(Direction.Up); } else if (newKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Down) && !_oldKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Down)) { _snake.SetDirection(Direction.Down); } else if (newKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left) && !_oldKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { _snake.SetDirection(Direction.Left); } else if (newKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right) && !_oldKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { _snake.SetDirection(Direction.Right); } _oldKeyboardState = newKeyboardState; _snake.Update(); if (_snake.IsEating(_apple)) { _biteSound.Play(); _score += 10; _apple.Place(); } base.Update(gameTime); } /// <summary> /// This is called when the game should draw itself. /// </summary> /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param> protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(_niceGreenColour); float frameRate = 1 / (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; _spriteBatch.Begin(); _spriteBatch.DrawString(_scoreFont, "Score : " + _score, _scoreLocation, Color.Red); _apple.Draw(_spriteBatch); _snake.Draw(_spriteBatch); _spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } } } Snake.cs : using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; namespace Snakez { public enum Direction { Up, Down, Left, Right } public class Snake { private List<Rectangle> _parts; private readonly Texture2D _bodyBlock; private readonly int _startX = 160; private readonly int _startY = 120; private int _moveDelay = 100; private DateTime _lastUpdatedAt; private Direction _direction; private Rectangle _lastTail; public Snake(Texture2D bodyBlock) { _bodyBlock = bodyBlock; _parts = new List<Rectangle>(); _parts.Add(new Rectangle(_startX, _startY, _bodyBlock.Width, _bodyBlock.Height)); _parts.Add(new Rectangle(_startX + bodyBlock.Width, _startY, _bodyBlock.Width, _bodyBlock.Height)); _parts.Add(new Rectangle(_startX + (bodyBlock.Width) * 2, _startY, _bodyBlock.Width, _bodyBlock.Height)); _parts.Add(new Rectangle(_startX + (bodyBlock.Width) * 3, _startY, _bodyBlock.Width, _bodyBlock.Height)); _direction = Direction.Right; _lastUpdatedAt = DateTime.Now; } public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { foreach (var p in _parts) { spriteBatch.Draw(_bodyBlock, new Vector2(p.X, p.Y), Color.White); } } public void Update() { if (DateTime.Now.Subtract(_lastUpdatedAt).TotalMilliseconds > _moveDelay) { //DateTime.Now.Ticks _lastTail = _parts.First(); _parts.Remove(_lastTail); /* add new head in right direction */ var lastHead = _parts.Last(); var newHead = new Rectangle(0, 0, _bodyBlock.Width, _bodyBlock.Height); switch (_direction) { case Direction.Up: newHead.X = lastHead.X; newHead.Y = lastHead.Y - _bodyBlock.Width; break; case Direction.Down: newHead.X = lastHead.X; newHead.Y = lastHead.Y + _bodyBlock.Width; break; case Direction.Left: newHead.X = lastHead.X - _bodyBlock.Width; newHead.Y = lastHead.Y; break; case Direction.Right: newHead.X = lastHead.X + _bodyBlock.Width; newHead.Y = lastHead.Y; break; } _parts.Add(newHead); _lastUpdatedAt = DateTime.Now; } } public void SetDirection(Direction newDirection) { if (_direction == Direction.Up && newDirection == Direction.Down) { return; } else if (_direction == Direction.Down && newDirection == Direction.Up) { return; } else if (_direction == Direction.Left && newDirection == Direction.Right) { return; } else if (_direction == Direction.Right && newDirection == Direction.Left) { return; } _direction = newDirection; } public bool IsEating(Apple apple) { if (_parts.Last().Intersects(apple.Location)) { GrowBiggerAndFaster(); return true; } return false; } private void GrowBiggerAndFaster() { _parts.Insert(0, _lastTail); _moveDelay -= (_moveDelay / 100)*2; } } } Apple.cs : using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; namespace Snakez { public class Apple { private readonly int _maxWidth, _maxHeight; private readonly Texture2D _texture; private readonly Random random = new Random(); public Rectangle Location { get; private set; } public Apple(int screenWidth, int screenHeight, Texture2D texture) { _maxWidth = (screenWidth + 1) - texture.Width; _maxHeight = (screenHeight + 1) - texture.Height; _texture = texture; Place(); } public void Place() { Location = GetRandomLocation(_maxWidth, _maxHeight); } private Rectangle GetRandomLocation(int maxWidth, int maxHeight) { // x and y -- multiple of 20 int x = random.Next(1, maxWidth); var leftOver = x % 20; x = x - leftOver; int y = random.Next(1, maxHeight); leftOver = y % 20; y = y - leftOver; return new Rectangle(x, y, _texture.Width, _texture.Height); } public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { spriteBatch.Draw(_texture, Location, Color.White); } } }

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  • Best way to do large XNA animations?

    - by Harold
    What's the best way to have large animations in XNA 4.0? I have created a spritesheet with the sprite being 250x400 (more of an image than a sprite but hey ho) and there are approximately 45 frames in the animation. This causes problems for XNA as it says that the maximum filesize for Reach is 2048. I'd rather not change to hidef as I heard that means that your game is less compatible with some computers and systems so does anyone have any idea what the best thing I could do is? The only thing I could come up with is to have a list of textures to flick through but that's not ideal.

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  • Question about BoundingSpheres and Ray intersections

    - by NDraskovic
    I'm working on a XNA project (not really a game) and I'm having some trouble with picking algorithm. I have a few types of 3D models that I draw to the screen, and one of them is a switch. So I'm trying to make a picking algorithm that would enable the user to click on the switch and that would trigger some other function. The problem is that the BoundingSphere.Intersect() method always returns null as result. This is the code I'm using: In the declaration section: ` //Basic matrices private Matrix world = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(0, 0, 0)); private Matrix view = Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(10, 10, 10), new Vector3(0, 0, 0), Vector3.UnitY); private Matrix projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.ToRadians(45), 800f / 600f, 0.01f, 100f); //Collision detection variables Viewport mainViewport; List<BoundingSphere> spheres = new List<BoundingSphere>(); Ray ControlRay; Vector3 nearPoint, farPoint, nearPlane, farPlane, direction; ` And then in the Update method: ` nearPlane = new Vector3((float)Mouse.GetState().X, (float)Mouse.GetState().Y, 0.0f); farPlane = new Vector3((float)Mouse.GetState().X, (float)Mouse.GetState().Y, 10.0f); nearPoint = GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Unproject(nearPlane, projection, view, world); farPoint = GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Unproject(farPlane, projection, view, world); direction = farPoint - nearPoint; direction.Normalize(); ControlRay = new Ray(nearPoint, direction); if (spheres.Count != 0) { for (int i = 0; i < spheres.Count; i++) { if (spheres[i].Intersects(ControlRay) != null) { Window.Title = spheres[i].Center.ToString(); } else { Window.Title = "Empty"; } } ` The "spheres" list gets filled when the 3D object data gets loaded (I read it from a .txt file). For every object marked as switch (I use simple numbers to determine which object is to be drawn), a BoundingSphere is created (center is on the coordinates of the 3D object, and the diameter is always the same), and added to the list. The objects are drawn normally (and spheres.Count is not 0), I can see them on the screen, but the Window title always says "Empty" (of course this is just for testing purposes, I will add the real function when I get positive results) meaning that there is no intersection between the ControlRay and any of the bounding spheres. I think that my basic matrices (world, view and projection) are making some problems, but I cant figure out what. Please help.

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  • How should I interpret these DirectX Caps Viewer values?

    - by tobi
    Briefly asking - what do the nodes mean and what the difference is between them in DirectX Caps Viewer? DXGI Devices Direct3D9 Devices DirectDraw Devices The most interesting for me is 1 vs 2. In the Direct3D9 Devices under HAL node I can see that my GeForce 8800GT supports PixelShaderVersion 3.0. However, under DXGI Devices I have DX 10, DX 10.1 and DX 11 having Shader model 4.0 (actually why DX 11? My card is not compatible with DX 11). I am implementing a DX 11 application (including d3d11.h) with shaders compiled in 4.0 version, so I can clearly see that 4.0 is supported. What is the difference between 1 and 2? Could you give me some theory behind the nodes?

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  • Designing rules to fight smallpox in Civ-style TBS games

    - by Williham Totland
    TL;DR: How do you design a ruleset for a Civ-style TBS game that prevents city smallpox from being a profitable or viable strategy? Long version: Civ-style games are pretty great. Bringing a civilization from cradle to grave is a great endeavor, and practicing diplomacy with hard-line human players is fun and challenging. In theory. In practice, however, many of these games has, especially in multiplayer, exactly one viable strategy: City smallpox, a.k.a. infinite city spread, a.k.a. covering all available space with 1-citizen cities, packed as tight as they will go. I suppose this could count as emergent gameplay, but still; it could hardly be considered to be in the spirit of the class of game. The Civilization series, of course, is stuck in their more or less fixed rule sets, established with Civilization. Yes, there have been major changes in some respects, but the rules pertaining to city building and maintenance have stayed pretty similar. So the question, then: If you build a ruleset for a TBS from the ground up; what rules should be in place to prevent Infinite City Sprawl from being a viable strategy? Or should ICS be a viable strategy?

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  • Strategies to Defeat Memory Editors for Cheating - Desktop Games

    - by ashes999
    I'm assuming we're talking about desktop games -- something the player downloads and runs on their local computer. Many are the memory editors that allow you to detect and freeze values, like your player's health. How do you prevent cheating? What strategies are effective to combat this kind of cheating? I'm looking for some good ones. Two I use that are mediocre are: Displaying values as a percentage instead of the number (eg. 46/50 = 92% health) A low-level class that holds values in an array and moves them with each change

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  • Register Game Object Components in Game Subsystems? (Component-based Game Object design)

    - by topright
    I'm creating a component-based game object system. Some tips: GameObject is simply a list of Components. There are GameSubsystems. For example, rendering, physics etc. Each GameSubsystem contains pointers to some of Components. GameSubsystem is a very powerful and flexible abstraction: it represents any slice (or aspect) of the game world. There is a need in a mechanism of registering Components in GameSubsystems (when GameObject is created and composed). There are 4 approaches: 1: Chain of responsibility pattern. Every Component is offered to every GameSubsystem. GameSubsystem makes a decision which Components to register (and how to organize them). For example, GameSubsystemRender can register Renderable Components. pro. Components know nothing about how they are used. Low coupling. A. We can add new GameSubsystem. For example, let's add GameSubsystemTitles that registers all ComponentTitle and guarantees that every title is unique and provides interface to quering objects by title. Of course, ComponentTitle should not be rewrited or inherited in this case. B. We can reorganize existing GameSubsystems. For example, GameSubsystemAudio, GameSubsystemRender, GameSubsystemParticleEmmiter can be merged into GameSubsystemSpatial (to place all audio, emmiter, render Components in the same hierarchy and use parent-relative transforms). con. Every-to-every check. Very innefficient. con. Subsystems know about Components. 2: Each Subsystem searches for Components of specific types. pro. Better performance than in Approach 1. con. Subsystems still know about Components. 3: Component registers itself in GameSubsystem(s). We know at compile-time that there is a GameSubsystemRenderer, so let's ComponentImageRender will call something like GameSubsystemRenderer::register(ComponentRenderBase*). pro. Performance. No unnecessary checks as in Approach 1. con. Components are badly coupled with GameSubsystems. 4: Mediator pattern. GameState (that contains GameSubsystems) can implement registerComponent(Component*). pro. Components and GameSubystems know nothing about each other. con. In C++ it would look like ugly and slow typeid-switch. Questions: Which approach is better and mostly used in component-based design? What Practice says? Any suggestions about implementation of Approach 4? Thank you.

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  • Low complexity shader to indicate the sides of a polyline

    - by Pris
    I have a bunch of polylines that I draw using GL_LINES. They can have thousands of points. They actually represent the separation of land and water on a map. I don't have complete polygons, just the ordered set of points. I'm looking for a neat but efficient way to visually convey Side A and Side B as being different. For example I could offset the polyline in one direction a few times and fade it out (but every offset is doubling the number of points), or offset it once to make a "ribbon" and give one side a 'glow' like effect to mimic the outer glow or shadow of a polygon). This is for a mobile application and I'm using OpenGL ES 2. I'd like to keep the effect as simple as possible from a complexity stand point. I'm looking for some additional ideas; maybe there's a clever shader technique out there or a visual effect I haven't considered.

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  • Physics-based dynamic audio generation in games

    - by alexc
    I wonder if it is possible to generate audio dynamically without any (!) audio assets, using pure mathematics/physics and some input values like material properties and spatial distribution of content in scene space. What I have in mind is something like a scene, with concrete floor, wooden table and glass on it. Now let's assume force pushes the glass towards the edge of table and then the glass falls onto the floor and shatters. The near-realistic glass destruction itself would be possible using voxels and good physics engine, but what about the sound the glass makes while shattering? I believe there is a way to generate that sound, because physics of sound is fairly known these days, but how computationaly costy that would be? Consumer hardware or supercomputers? Do any of you know some good resources/videos of such an experiment?

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  • How do I dynamically reload content files?

    - by Kikaimaru
    Is there a relatively simple way to dynamically reload content files, such as effect files? I know I can do the following: Detect change of file Run content pipeline to rebuild that specific file Unload ALL content that was loaded Load all content And use double references to reference content files. The problem is with step 3 (and step 2 isn't that nice either). I need to unload everything because if I have model Hero.x which references Model.fx effect, and I change the Model.fx file, I need to reload the Hero.x file which will then call LoadExternalReference on Model.fx. Has someone managed to make this work without rewriting the whole ContentManager (and every ContentReader) and tracking calls to LoadExternalReference?

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  • Slick & NiftyGUI. Nifty initialize exception

    - by Romeo
    I found my self into trouble when trying to run a Slick game with a Nifty Game State. This is the code: @Override protected void initGameAndGUI(GameContainer container, StateBasedGame game) throws SlickException { initNifty(container, game); } If i run this i get: java.lang.IllegalStateException: The NiftyGUI was already initialized. Its illegal to do so twice. If i delete the call to initNifty() i get another exception:java.lang.IllegalStateException: NiftyGUI was not initialized.

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