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• Crafty.js multiplayer platform game, keeping players in sync

  - by johnwards

  I'm using crafty.js to create a very simple platform game. It doesn't need to stop cheating, it's actually just seeing other players move around, and it doesn't need to have collision detection between players. They are "shadows". How I've gone about it so far is to use http://pubnub.com to send messages between clients. These messages are simple. The first if a new player arrival, the second is a key down and the third is a key up. The code is here: https://github.com/whiteoctober/craftyconcept However I've hit against the old chestnut of keeping everything in sync. At the moment I'm letting the each of the clients decide where to place the other players based on the received key events, I also only move "you" until I get a key press event back from pubsub. My thinking here is to try and keep things in sync! However it isn't perfect, http://www.whiteoctober.co.uk/john/gametest/, things can get out of sync very easily. Key presses arrive in the wrong order etc. Is there any simple solutions to this, I would like to keep it all client side (with pubnub) and not have a central server with positions etc if possible.

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• How to deal with D3DX .dll hell?

  - by bluescrn

  There's a large number of versions of the D3DX dll, from each SDK update, each version having a unique name (http://www.toymaker.info/Games/html/d3dx_dlls.html). All-too-often, people have versions missing. So even though they have a compatible version of DirectX, your D3D-based project won't run on their machine. I want to be able to distribute games (little spare-time projects, game jam entries, etc) as a simple zip file, without the need for an installer. But a significant percentage of users run into missing D3DX .dll errors. And without an installer, Microsoft's official solution (the DirectX web installer/updater) isn't really much of a solution. Unfortunately, Microsoft still won't give us the option of static linking to D3DX (which would be a nice clean solution). And avoiding using D3DX isn't very practical, especially if you're working with shaders (and no, I'm not switching to OpenGL, at least for now) Does anyone have clever solutions to avoiding this DLL hell?

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• File format for animated scene

  - by stephelton

  I've got a custom OpenGL based rendering engine and I'd like to add support for cinema-type scene animation. The artist that is helping me uses primarily 3DSMax. I'd like a file format for exporting and importing this data. I'm also in need of a file format for skeletal animation data, which may have an impact here. I've been looking at MAXScript to manually export this stuff, which would buy me the most flexibility, but I have virtually no experience with 3DSMax itself, so I get a little lost when it comes to terminology. So I'd like to know what file formats exist for animated scene data, and whether they are appropriate for my use (my fear is that they will be way too broad for my fairly simple needs.) The way I view animated scene data is basically a bunch of references to [animated] models with keyframe-based matrices describing their orientation over time. And probably some special camera stuff to handle perspective. I might also want some event type stuff for adding/removing objects. Is this a sane concept?

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• How can I implement collision detection for these tiles?

  - by Fiona

  I am wondering how this would be possible, if at all. In the image below: http://i.stack.imgur.com/d8cO3.png The light brows tiles are ground, while the dark brown is background, so the player can pass over those tiles. Here's the for loops that draws the level: float scale = 1f; for (row = 0; row < currentLevel.Rows; row++) { for (column = 0; column < currentLevel.Columns; column++) { Tile tile = (Tile)currentLevel.GetTile(row, column); if (tile == null) { continue; } Texture2D texture = tile.Texture; spriteBatch.Draw(texture, new Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Rectangle( (int)(column * currentLevel.CellSize.X * scale), (int)(row * currentLevel.CellSize.Y * scale), (int)(currentLevel.CellSize.X * scale), (int)(currentLevel.CellSize.Y * scale)), Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Color.White); } } Here's what I have so far to determine where to create a Rectangle: Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Rectangle[,,,] groundBounds = new Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Rectangle[?, ?, ?, ?]; int tileSize = 20; int screenSizeInTiles = 30; var tilePositions = new System.Drawing.Point[screenSizeInTiles, screenSizeInTiles]; for (int x = 0; x < screenSizeInTiles; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < screenSizeInTiles; y++) { tilePositions[x, y] = new System.Drawing.Point(x * tileSize, y * tileSize); groundBounds[x, y, tileSize, tileSize] = new Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Rectangle(x, y, 20, 20); } } First off, I'm not sure how to initialize the array groundBounds (I don't know how big to make it). Also, I'm not entirely sure how to go about adding information to groundBounds. I want to add a Rectangle for each tile in the level. Preferably I'd only make a Rectangle for those tiles accessible by the player, and not background tiles, but that's for a different day. FYI, the map was made with a freeware program called Realm Factory.

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• XNA: Networking gone totally out of sync

  - by MesserChups

  I'm creating a multiplayer interface for a game in 2D some of my friends made, and I'm stuck with a huge latency or sync problem. I started by adapting my game to the msdn xna network tutorial and right now when I join a SystemLink network session (1 host on PC and 1 client on Xbox) I can move two players, everything is ok, but few minutes later the two machines start being totally out of synchronization. When I move one player it takes 10 or 20 seconds (increasing with TIME) to take effect on the second machine. I've tried to : Create a thread which calls NetworkSession.Update() continuously as suggested on this forum, didn't worked. Call the Send() method one frame on 10, and the receive() method at each frame, didn't worked either. I've cleaned my code, flushed all buffers at each call and switched the host and client but the problem still remain... I hope you have a solution because I'm running out of ideas... Thanks SendPackets() code : protected override void SendPackets() { if ((NetworkSessionState)m_networkSession.SessionState == NetworkSessionState.Playing) //Only while playing { //Write in the packet manager m_packetWriter.Write(m_packetManager.PacketToSend.ToArray(), 0, (int)m_packetManager.PacketToSend.Position); m_packetManager.ResetPacket(); //flush //Sends the packets to all remote gamers foreach (NetworkGamer l_netGamer in m_networkSession.RemoteGamers) { if (m_packetWriter.Length != 0) { FirstLocalNetGamer.SendData(m_packetWriter, SendDataOptions.None, l_netGamer); } } m_packetWriter.Flush();//m m_packetWriter.Seek(0, 0); } } ReceivePackets() code : public override void ReceivePackets() { base.ReceivePackets(); if ((NetworkSessionState)m_networkSession.SessionState == NetworkSessionState.Playing) //Only while playing { if (m_networkSession.LocalGamers.Count > 0) //Verify that there's at least one local gamer { foreach (LocalNetworkGamer l_localGamer in m_networkSession.LocalGamers) { //every LocalNetworkGamer must read to flush their stream // Keep reading while packets are available. NetworkGamer l_oldSender = null; while (l_localGamer.IsDataAvailable) { // Read a single packet, even if we are the host, we must read to clear the queue NetworkGamer l_newSender; l_localGamer.ReceiveData(m_packetReader, out l_newSender); if (l_newSender != l_oldSender) { if ((!l_newSender.IsLocal) && (l_localGamer == FirstLocalNetGamer)) { //Parsing PacketReader to MemoryStream m_packetManager.Receive(new MemoryStream(m_packetReader.ReadBytes(m_packetReader.Length))); } } l_oldSender = l_newSender; m_packetReader.BaseStream.Flush(); m_packetReader.BaseStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin); } } m_packetManager.ParsePackets(); } } }

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• How are bullets simulated in video games?

  - by mahen23

  I have been playing games like MW2 recently and, as a programmer, I tend to ask myself how do they make the game so immersive. For example, how to they simulate bullet speed. When an NPC fires a bullet from his gun, does the bullet really travel from his gun to the given target or do they they completely ignore this part and just put a bullet hole on the target? If the bullet is really travelling from the gun to the target, at what speed is it actually travelling?

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• Collision filtering techniques

  - by Griffin

  I was wondering what efficient techniques are out there for mapping collision filtering between various bodies, sub-bodies, and so forth. I'm familiar with the simple idea of having different layers of 2D bodies, but this is not sufficient for more complex mapping: (Think of having sub-bodies of a body, such as limbs, collide with each other by placing them on the same layer, and then wanting to only have the legs collide with the ground while the arms would not) This can be solved with a multidimensional layer setup, but I would probably end up just creating more and more layers to the point where the simplicity and efficiency of layer filtering would be gone. Are there any more complex ways to solve even more complex situations than this?

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• How should I manage persistent score in Game Center leaderboards?

  - by Omega

  Let's say that I'm developing an iOS RPG where the player gains 1 point per monster kill. The amount of monsters killed is persistent data: it is an endless adventure, and the score keeps on growing. It isn't a "session score" like Fruit Ninja, but rather a "reputation score". There are Game Center leaderboards for that score. Keep killing monsters, your score goes up, and the leaderboards are updated. My problem is that, technically, you can log out and log in using a different Game Center account, kill one monster, and the leaderboards will be updated for the new GC account. Supposing that this score is a big deal, this could be considered as cheating, because if you have a score of 2000, any of your friends who have never played the game can simply log into your iPhone, play the game, and the system will update the score for their accounts, essentially giving them 2000 points in the leaderboards for doing nothing. I have considered linking one GC account to a specific save game. It won't update your score unless you're using the linked GC account. But what if the player actually needs to change their GC account? Technically they would be forced to start a new game and link their account to that profile. How should I prevent this kind of cheat? Essentially, I don't want someone to distribute a high schore to multiple GC accounts, given the fact that the game updates the score constantly since it isn't a "session score". I do realize that it isn't quite a big deal. But I'm curious about how to avoid this.

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• How to implement lockstep model for RTS game?

  - by user11177

  In my effort to learn programming I'm trying to make a small RTS style game. I've googled and read a lot of articles and gamedev q&a's on the topic of lockstep synchronization in multiplayer RTS games, but am still having trouble wrapping my head around how to implement it in my own game. I currently have a simple server/client system. For example if player1 selects a unit and gives the command to move it, the client sends the command [move, unit, coordinates] to the server, the server runs the pathfinding function and sends [move, unit, path] to all clients which then moves the unit and run animations. So far so good, but not synchronized for clients with latency or lower/higher FPS. How can I turn this into a true lockstep system? Is the right methodology supposed to be something like the following, using the example from above: Turn 1 start gather command inputs from player1 send to the server turn number and commands end turn, increment turn number The server receives the commands, runs pathfinding and sends the paths to all clients. Next turn receive paths from server, as well as confirmation that all clients completed previous turn, otherwise pause and wait for that confirmation move units gather new inputs end turn Is that the gist of it? Should perhaps pathfinding and other game logic be done client side instead of on the server, if so why? Is there anything else I'm missing? I hope someone can break down the concept, so I understand it better.

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• Will having many timers affect my game performance?

  - by iQue

  I'm making a game for android, and earlier today I was trying to add some cool stuff to my game. The problem is this thing needs like 5 timers. I build my timers like this: timer += deltaTime; if(timer >= 2.0f){ doStuff; timer -= 2.0f; } // this timers gets stuff done every 2 secs Will having to many timers like this, getting checked every frame, screw up my games performance? The effect I wanted to add was a crosshair every 2 sec, then remove it after 2 sec and do a timed animation. So an array of crosshairs dependent on a bunch of timers to be exact. This caused my game to shut down when used, so thats why Im wondering if using that many timers causes my game to flip out.

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• XNA - Saving Game Data without TypeWriter?

  - by Zabby

  In the past, I've had some trouble with reading and writing content for XNA. I think I'm firmly set on this tutorial which sets up a four project structure (Game, Content, Library, Pipeline Extension) for the solution that other websites suggest, too. The options it offers for content reading seem great. But problem! This tutorial (and all others I've found) have stated that the Content Pipeline Extension Project is not distributed with the game, which is fine in itself, but this is combined with the fact that any content writing objects are placed in this non-distributable library. The ability to actually write content of an already existing type (save game files, namely) is pretty critical to the project I'm trying to make. I've already learned the hard way you simply can't place the Content Pipeline reference in another project besides the extension for easier access to the intermediate deserializer. Is there another object I can access for writing save game data? Am I actually, despite the warnings of this tutorial, able to use the TypeWriter outside of the Content Pipeline Extension Project? Or is there a third option I am missing here?

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• Is there an IDE that can simplify the process of creating a game matchmaking website?

  - by Scott

  Yes, I'm an old guy. And I'm well versed in "C" and have written several games which I have been selling on the web for a number of years. And now, I would like to adapt one of my games to be "online". Sounds simple. I'm sure I can use the thousands of lines of "C" code that I've already written. Right? So my initial investigation begins. First, I think I'll need a server program that lives on a dedicated server (or a VPS probably) that talks to a bunch of client applications that live on individual devices around the world. I can certainly handle that! (I think to myself). I'll break up my existing game into two pieces, a client piece that is just the game displays and buttons, and a server piece that does everything else. Piece of cake, right? But that means that the "server piece" must be executed on a remote machine somewhere and run 24/7. Can I do that? [apparently, that question is so basic, so uneducated, and so lame, that nobody has ever posed it before. Because hours of Googling does not yield an answer. Fine. I'll assume I can do that and move on.] I'll need a "game room", which to me means a website where you log in and then go to a lobby of some kind where you can setup your preferences, see if any of your friends are connected, and create or join games. Should be easy, but it's not. No way. Can I do all this with my local website builder? (which happens to be 90 Second Website Builder, a nice product, btw). It turns out, I can not. I can start with that, but must modify each page, so I can interact with my sql database. So I begin making each page a "PHP" page and dynamically modifying the HTML code with PHP code. I'm already starting to get a headache. Because the resulting web pages looked terrible, I began looking at using JQuery. I want to user a JQuery dialog on my website to display a list of friends and allow the user to select one to invite to the game. [google search for "how to populate a JQuery dialog from a sql database" yields nothing but more confusion.] Javascript? Java? HTML? XML? HTML5? PHP? JQuery? Flash? Sockets? Forms? CSS? Learning about each one of these, and how they interact with each other and/or depend on each other is too much for my feeble old brain. Can anyone simplify this process for me? Is there an IDE that will help me do all this without having to go back to college for a few years? Thanks, Scott

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• Camera not staying behind model while moving in circle

  - by ChocoMan

  I have a camera behind a model (3rd Person) and I'm having problems KEEPING it behind the model. When I first start my game, you see the back of the model. If the model moves forward, backward or strafe left or right, the camera moves along accordingly. When the model rotates (stationary), the camera rotates accordingly with the model still pointing at the model's back. So far, so good. The problem comes when the player is BOTH moving and rotating at the same time. Take for example a model moving in a circular pattern like running around a track. As the model moves in this motion, the model rotates slightly more with each complete rotation. Eventually, instead of looking at the model's back, eventually you will see the model in a profile view and before you know it, the model's front is facing the camera. And when you stop moving the model, the model stays in that position. So, as long as my model is stationary and rotating in one place, the camera rotates correctly. But as soon as there is any sort movement while rotating, the model is offset by a mysterious increasing amount. How can I keep the camera maintaining the same view no matter how I move AND rotate at the same time? // Rotates model and pitches camera on its own axis public void modelRotMovement(GamePadState pController) { /* For rotating the model left or right. * Camera maintains distance from model * throughout rotation and if model moves * to a new position. */ Yaw = pController.ThumbSticks.Right.X * MathHelper.ToRadians(speedAngleMAX); AddRotation = Quaternion.CreateFromAxisAngle(Vector3.Up, yaw); //AddRotation = Quaternion.CreateFromYawPitchRoll(Yaw, 0, 0); ModelLoad.MRotation *= AddRotation; MOrientation = Matrix.CreateFromQuaternion(ModelLoad.MRotation); Pitch = pController.ThumbSticks.Right.Y * MathHelper.ToRadians(speedAngleMAX); AddPitch = Quaternion.CreateFromAxisAngle(Vector3.Up, pitch); ModelLoad.CRotation *= AddPitch; COrientation = Matrix.CreateFromQuaternion(ModelLoad.CRotation); } // Orbit (yaw) Camera around model public void cameraYaw(float yaw) { Vector3 yawAngle = ModelLoad.CameraPos - ModelLoad.camTarget; Vector3 axisYaw = Vector3.Up; ModelLoad.CameraPos = Vector3.Transform(yawAngle, Matrix.CreateFromAxisAngle(axisYaw, yaw)) + ModelLoad.camTarget; }

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• Bot strategy in an arena

  - by joulesm

  I am writing the player's behavior for an arena game, and I'm wondering if you could offer some strategies. I'm writing it in Python, but I'm just interested in the high level game play. Here are the game aspects: Arena is a circle of a given size. The arena's size shrinks every round to help break any ties. Players are much smaller circles, and can be on teams of 1 or 2 players. Players attack by colliding with other players, and based on the physics of the collision (speed of both players, angle), one could force another player out of the arena. Once a player is out of the arena, they are out of the game (for that round). The goal is to be on the only team with players left in the arena. All other players have been pushed (through collisions or mistakes) out of the arena. It is possible for there to be no winner if the last two players exit the arena at the same time. Once the player has been programmed, the game just runs. There is no human intervention in the game. I'm thinking it's easiest to implement a few simple programmatic rules for my player to follow. For example, stay close to center of the arena, attack opponents from the inner side of the arena, etc. Are there any good simple game strategies? Would adding a random aspect to the game help? For example, to avoid predictability by the other team or something. Thanks in advance.

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• Workflow with Flash Pro CS6 and FlashDevelop: Using fla and swc to store assets

  - by Arthur Wulf White

  I am using this tutorial: http://www.flashdevelop.org/wikidocs/index.php?title=AS3:FlexAndFlashCS3Workflow In the past older versions of Flash Pro I was able to complete these steps: right-click on the symbol in the Library panel, select "Linkage..." dialog, check "Export for ActionScript" and fill in the symbol name (ie. MySymbol_design or assets.MySymbol_design), do not change the base class (ie. flash.display.MovieClip). Right now, I am stuck at that part. Any hints? What I wish to do is: Use fla for the artist to store assets. Publish to swc Extract the assets in FlashDevelop by creating an instance of their class. ... How is this done in CS6? To clear things up, this is what I see when I right click a Flash symbol:

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• How do I get FEATURE_LEVEL_9_3 to work with shaders in Direct3D11?

  - by Dominic

  Currently I'm going through some tutorials and learning DX11 on a DX10 machine (though I just ordered a new DX11 compatible computer) by means of setting the D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_ setting to 10_0 and switching the vertex and pixel shader versions in D3DX11CompileFromFile to "vs_4_0" and "ps_4_0" respectively. This works fine as I'm not using any DX11-only features yet. I'd like to make it compatible with DX9.0c, which naively I thought I could do by changing the feature level setting to 9_3 or something and taking the vertex/pixel shader versions down to 3 or 2. However, no matter what I change the vertex/pixel shader versions to, it always fails when I try to call D3DX11CompileFromFile to compile the vertex/pixel shader files when I have D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_3 enabled. Maybe this is due to the the vertex/pixel shader files themselves being incompatible for the lower vertex/pixel shader versions, but I'm not expert enough to say. My shader files are listed below: Vertex shader: cbuffer MatrixBuffer { matrix worldMatrix; matrix viewMatrix; matrix projectionMatrix; }; struct VertexInputType { float4 position : POSITION; float2 tex : TEXCOORD0; float3 normal : NORMAL; }; struct PixelInputType { float4 position : SV_POSITION; float2 tex : TEXCOORD0; float3 normal : NORMAL; }; PixelInputType LightVertexShader(VertexInputType input) { PixelInputType output; // Change the position vector to be 4 units for proper matrix calculations. input.position.w = 1.0f; // Calculate the position of the vertex against the world, view, and projection matrices. output.position = mul(input.position, worldMatrix); output.position = mul(output.position, viewMatrix); output.position = mul(output.position, projectionMatrix); // Store the texture coordinates for the pixel shader. output.tex = input.tex; // Calculate the normal vector against the world matrix only. output.normal = mul(input.normal, (float3x3)worldMatrix); // Normalize the normal vector. output.normal = normalize(output.normal); return output; } Pixel Shader: Texture2D shaderTexture; SamplerState SampleType; cbuffer LightBuffer { float4 ambientColor; float4 diffuseColor; float3 lightDirection; float padding; }; struct PixelInputType { float4 position : SV_POSITION; float2 tex : TEXCOORD0; float3 normal : NORMAL; }; float4 LightPixelShader(PixelInputType input) : SV_TARGET { float4 textureColor; float3 lightDir; float lightIntensity; float4 color; // Sample the pixel color from the texture using the sampler at this texture coordinate location. textureColor = shaderTexture.Sample(SampleType, input.tex); // Set the default output color to the ambient light value for all pixels. color = ambientColor; // Invert the light direction for calculations. lightDir = -lightDirection; // Calculate the amount of light on this pixel. lightIntensity = saturate(dot(input.normal, lightDir)); if(lightIntensity > 0.0f) { // Determine the final diffuse color based on the diffuse color and the amount of light intensity. color += (diffuseColor * lightIntensity); } // Saturate the final light color. color = saturate(color); // Multiply the texture pixel and the final diffuse color to get the final pixel color result. color = color * textureColor; return color; }

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• Best practice settings Effect parameters in XNA

  - by hichaeretaqua

  I want to ask if there is a best practice settings effect parameters in XNA. Or in other words, what exactly happens when I call pass.Apply(). I can imagine multiple scenarios: Each time Apply() is called, all effect parameters are transferred to the GPU and therefor it has no real influence how often I set a parameter. Each time Apply() is called, only the parameters that got reset are transferred. So caching Set-operations that don't actually set a new value should be avoided. Each time Apply() is called, only the parameters that got changed are transferred. So caching Set-operations is useless. This whole questions is bootless because no one of the mentions ways has any noteworthy impact on game performance. So the final question: Is it useful to implement some caching of Set-operation like: private Matrix _world; public Matrix World { get{ return _world;} set { if(value == world)return; _effect.Parameters["xWorld"].SetValue(value); _world = value; } Thanking you in anticipation

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• Flash: Memory usage is low but framerate keeps dropping

  - by Cyborg771

  So I'm working on a puzzle game in flash. For all intents and purposes it's like Tetris. I spawn blocks, they move around the screen, then they get destroyed and disappear. I was having some trouble with the memory usage being too high over time so I read up on memory management and I think I have that figured out now. It's definitely climbing slower than it was before, but the framerate is still taking a huge dive after playing for a while. If it's not a memory leak what else could be causing this? Thanks in advance.

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• apply non-hierarchial transforms to hierarchial skeleton?

  - by user975135

  I use Blender3D, but the answer might not API-exclusive. I have some matrices I need to assign to PoseBones. The resulting pose looks fine when there is no bone hierarchy (parenting) and messed up when there is. I've uploaded an archive with sample blend of the rigged models, text animation importer and a test animation file here: http://www.2shared.com/file/5qUjmnIs/sample_files.html Import the animation by selecting an Armature and running the importer on "sba" file. Do this for both Armatures. This is how I assign the poses in the real (complex) importer: matrix_bases = ... # matrix from file animation_matrix = matrix_basis * pose.bones['mybone'].matrix.copy() pose.bones[bonename].matrix = animation_matrix If I go to edit mode, select all bones and press Alt+P to undo parenting, the Pose looks fine again. The API documentation says the PoseBone.matrix is in "object space", but it seems clear to me from these tests that they are relative to parent bones. Final 4x4 matrix after constraints and drivers are applied (object space) I tried doing something like this: matrix_basis = ... # matrix from file animation_matrix = matrix_basis * (pose.bones['mybone'].matrix.copy() * pose.bones[bonename].bone.parent.matrix_local.copy().inverted()) pose.bones[bonename].matrix = animation_matrix But it looks worse. Experimented with order of operations, no luck with all. For the record, in the old 2.4 API this worked like a charm: matrix_basis = ... # matrix from file animation_matrix = armature.bones['mybone'].matrix['ARMATURESPACE'].copy() * matrix_basis pose.bones[bonename].poseMatrix = animation_matrix pose.update() Link to Blender API ref: http://www.blender.org/documentation/blender_python_api_2_63_17/bpy.types.BlendData.html#bpy.types.BlendData http://www.blender.org/documentation/blender_python_api_2_63_17/bpy.types.PoseBone.html#bpy.types.PoseBone

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• Heightmap in Shader not working

  - by CSharkVisibleBasix

  I'm trying to implement GPU based geometry clipmapping and have problems to apply a simple heightmap to my terrain. For the heightmap I use a simple texture with the surface format "single". I've taken the texture from here. To apply it to my terrain, I use the following shader code: texture Heightmap; sampler2D HeightmapSampler = sampler_state { Texture = <Heightmap>; MinFilter = Point; MagFilter = Point; MipFilter = Point; AddressU = Mirror; AddressV = Mirror; }; Vertex Shader: float4 worldPos = mul(float4(pos.x,0.0f,pos.y, 1.0f), worldMatrix); float elevation = tex2Dlod(HeightmapSampler, float4(worldPos.x, worldPos.z,0,0)); worldPos.y = elevation * 128; The complete vertex shader (also containig clipmapping transforms) looks like this: float4x4 View : View; float4x4 Projection : Projection; float3 CameraPos : CameraPosition; float LODscale; //The LOD ring index 0:highest x:lowest float2 Position; //The position of the part in the world texture Heightmap; sampler2D HeightmapSampler = sampler_state { Texture = <Heightmap>; MinFilter = Point; MagFilter = Point; MipFilter = Point; AddressU = Mirror; AddressV = Mirror; }; //Accept only float2 because we extract 3rd dim out of Heightmap float4 wireframe_VS(float2 pos : POSITION) : POSITION{ float4x4 worldMatrix = float4x4( LODscale, 0, 0, 0, 0, LODscale, 0, 0, 0, 0, LODscale, 0, - Position.x * 64 * LODscale + CameraPos.x, 0, Position.y * 64 * LODscale + CameraPos.z, 1); float4 worldPos = mul(float4(pos.x,0.0f,pos.y, 1.0f), worldMatrix); float elevation = tex2Dlod(HeightmapSampler, float4(worldPos.x, worldPos.z,0,0)); worldPos.y = elevation * 128; float4 viewPos = mul(worldPos, View); float4 projPos = mul(viewPos, Projection); return projPos; }

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• Auto Save and Auto Load Game onto the Device's Storage Concept Question

  - by David Dimalanta

  I'm trying to make a simple app that will test the save and load state. Is it a good idea to make an app that has an auto save and load game feature only every time the newbies open the first app then continues it on the other day? I tried making a sprite that is moving, starting at the center. When I close and re-open the app, the sprite goes back to the center instead of the last coordinate where the sprite land on this part (i.e. at the top). The thing I want to know how the sequence of saving and loading goes like this: I open the app The starting sprite at the center. It displays a coordinate of the sprite plus number of times does the sprite move. I exit the app that automatically saves the game without notice. Finally, when I re-opened it, it automatically loads the game retaining the number of times the sprite move, coordinates, and the sprite's area landed. These steps above are similar, but not the sprite movement test app, to the sequence of saving and loading the game's level and record in Jewel Stackers for the Android app. And, by default, if there is no SD card in any tab or phone that runs on Android, does it automatically save/load onto the internal drive or the APK file itself? Is it also useful to use auto save and auto load feature for protecting and fetching informations (i.e. fastest time, last time where the sprite is located via coordinates, etc.)?

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• Stage3D: Camera pans the whole screen

  - by Thomas Versteeg

  I am trying to create a 2D Stage3D game where you can move the camera around the level in an RTS style. I thought about using Orthographic Matrix3D functions for this but when I try to scroll the whole "stage" also scrolls. This is the Camera code: public function Camera2D(width:int, height:int, zoom:Number = 1) { resize(width, height); _zoom = zoom; } public function resize(width:Number, height:Number):void { _width = width; _height = height; _projectionMatrix = makeMatrix(0, width, 0, height); _recalculate = true; } protected function makeMatrix(left:Number, right:Number, top:Number, bottom:Number, zNear:Number = 0, zFar:Number = 1):Matrix3D { return new Matrix3D(Vector.<Number>([ 2 / (right - left), 0, 0, 0, 0, 2 / (top - bottom), 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 / (zFar - zNear), 0, 0, 0, zNear / (zNear - zFar), 1 ])); } public function get viewMatrix():Matrix3D { if (_recalculate) { _recalculate = false; _viewMatrix.identity(); _viewMatrix.appendTranslation( -_width / 2 - _x, -_height / 2 - y, 0); _viewMatrix.appendScale(_zoom, _zoom, 1); _renderMatrix.identity(); _renderMatrix.append(_viewMatrix); _renderMatrix.append(_projectionMatrix); } return _renderMatrix; } And the camera is send directly to the GPU with: c3d.setProgramConstantsFromMatrix(Context3DProgramType.VERTEX, 0, cameraMatrix, true); And these are the shaders: ------Vertex Shader------ m44 op, va0, vc0 mov v0, va1.xy mov v0.z, va0.z ------Fragment Shader------ tex ft0, v0, fs0 <2d,linear,nomip> mov oc, ft1 Here is a example and here are two screenshots to show what I mean: How do I only let the inside of the stage3D scroll and not the whole stage?

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• Using Event Driven Programming in games, when is it beneficial?

  - by Arthur Wulf White

  I am learning ActionScript 3 and I see the Event flow adheres to the W3C recommendations. From what I learned events can only be captured by the dispatcher unless, the listener capturing the event is a DisplayObject on stage and a parent of the object firing the event. You can capture the events in the capture(before) or bubbling(after) phase depending on Listner and Event setup you use. Does this system lend itself well for game programming? When is this system useful? Could you give an example of a case where using events is a lot better than going without them? Are they somehow better for performance in games? Please do not mention events you must use to get a game running, like Event.ENTER_FRAME Or events that are required to get input from the user like, KeyboardEvent.KEY_DOWN and MouseEvent.CLICK. I am asking if there is any use in firing events that have nothing to do with user input, frame rendering and the likes(that are necessary). I am referring to cases where objects are communicating. Is this used to avoid storing a collection of objects that are on the stage? Thanks Here is some code I wrote as an example of event behavior in ActionScript 3, enjoy. package regression { import flash.display.Shape; import flash.display.Sprite; import flash.events.Event; import flash.events.EventDispatcher; import flash.events.KeyboardEvent; import flash.events.MouseEvent; import flash.events.EventPhase; /** * ... * @author ... */ public class Check_event_listening_1 extends Sprite { public const EVENT_DANCE : String = "dance"; public const EVENT_PLAY : String = "play"; public const EVENT_YELL : String = "yell"; private var baby : Shape = new Shape(); private var mom : Sprite = new Sprite(); private var stranger : EventDispatcher = new EventDispatcher(); public function Check_event_listening_1() { if (stage) init(); else addEventListener(Event.ADDED_TO_STAGE, init); } private function init(e:Event = null):void { trace("test begun"); addChild(mom); mom.addChild(baby); stage.addEventListener(EVENT_YELL, onEvent); this.addEventListener(EVENT_YELL, onEvent); mom.addEventListener(EVENT_YELL, onEvent); baby.addEventListener(EVENT_YELL, onEvent); stranger.addEventListener(EVENT_YELL, onEvent); trace("\nTest1 - Stranger yells with no bubbling"); stranger.dispatchEvent(new Event(EVENT_YELL, false)); trace("\nTest2 - Stranger yells with bubbling"); stranger.dispatchEvent(new Event(EVENT_YELL, true)); stage.addEventListener(EVENT_PLAY, onEvent); this.addEventListener(EVENT_PLAY, onEvent); mom.addEventListener(EVENT_PLAY, onEvent); baby.addEventListener(EVENT_PLAY, onEvent); stranger.addEventListener(EVENT_PLAY, onEvent); trace("\nTest3 - baby plays with no bubbling"); baby.dispatchEvent(new Event(EVENT_PLAY, false)); trace("\nTest4 - baby plays with bubbling"); baby.dispatchEvent(new Event(EVENT_PLAY, true)); trace("\nTest5 - baby plays with bubbling but is not a child of mom"); mom.removeChild(baby); baby.dispatchEvent(new Event(EVENT_PLAY, true)); mom.addChild(baby); stage.addEventListener(EVENT_DANCE, onEvent, true); this.addEventListener(EVENT_DANCE, onEvent, true); mom.addEventListener(EVENT_DANCE, onEvent, true); baby.addEventListener(EVENT_DANCE, onEvent); trace("\nTest6 - Mom dances without bubbling - everyone is listening during capture phase(not target and bubble phase)"); mom.dispatchEvent(new Event(EVENT_DANCE, false)); trace("\nTest7 - Mom dances with bubbling - everyone is listening during capture phase(not target and bubble phase)"); mom.dispatchEvent(new Event(EVENT_DANCE, true)); } private function onEvent(e : Event):void { trace("Event was captured"); trace("\nTYPE : ", e.type, "\nTARGET : ", objToName(e.target), "\nCURRENT TARGET : ", objToName(e.currentTarget), "\nPHASE : ", phaseToString(e.eventPhase)); } private function phaseToString(phase : int):String { switch(phase) { case EventPhase.AT_TARGET : return "TARGET"; case EventPhase.BUBBLING_PHASE : return "BUBBLING"; case EventPhase.CAPTURING_PHASE : return "CAPTURE"; default: return "UNKNOWN"; } } private function objToName(obj : Object):String { if (obj == stage) return "STAGE"; else if (obj == this) return "MAIN"; else if (obj == mom) return "Mom"; else if (obj == baby) return "Baby"; else if (obj == stranger) return "Stranger"; else return "Unknown" } } } /*result : test begun Test1 - Stranger yells with no bubbling Event was captured TYPE : yell TARGET : Stranger CURRENT TARGET : Stranger PHASE : TARGET Test2 - Stranger yells with bubbling Event was captured TYPE : yell TARGET : Stranger CURRENT TARGET : Stranger PHASE : TARGET Test3 - baby plays with no bubbling Event was captured TYPE : play TARGET : Baby CURRENT TARGET : Baby PHASE : TARGET Test4 - baby plays with bubbling Event was captured TYPE : play TARGET : Baby CURRENT TARGET : Baby PHASE : TARGET Event was captured TYPE : play TARGET : Baby CURRENT TARGET : Mom PHASE : BUBBLING Event was captured TYPE : play TARGET : Baby CURRENT TARGET : MAIN PHASE : BUBBLING Event was captured TYPE : play TARGET : Baby CURRENT TARGET : STAGE PHASE : BUBBLING Test5 - baby plays with bubbling but is not a child of mom Event was captured TYPE : play TARGET : Baby CURRENT TARGET : Baby PHASE : TARGET Test6 - Mom dances without bubbling - everyone is listening during capture phase(not target and bubble phase) Event was captured TYPE : dance TARGET : Mom CURRENT TARGET : STAGE PHASE : CAPTURE Event was captured TYPE : dance TARGET : Mom CURRENT TARGET : MAIN PHASE : CAPTURE Test7 - Mom dances with bubbling - everyone is listening during capture phase(not target and bubble phase) Event was captured TYPE : dance TARGET : Mom CURRENT TARGET : STAGE PHASE : CAPTURE Event was captured TYPE : dance TARGET : Mom CURRENT TARGET : MAIN PHASE : CAPTURE */

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• How to flip a BC6/BC7 texture?

  - by postgoodism

  I have some code to load DDS image files into OpenGL textures, and I'd like to extend it to support the BC6 and BC7 compressed formats introduced in D3D11. Since DirectX and OpenGL disagree about whether a texture's origin is in the upper-left or lower-left corner, my DDS loader flips each image's pixels along the Y axis before passing the pixels to OpenGL. Flipping compressed textures presents an additional wrinkle: in addition to flipping each row of 4x4-pixel blocks, you also need to flip the pixels within each block. I found code here to flip BC1/BC2/BC3 blocks, and from the block diagrams on MSDN it was easy to adapt the BC3-flipping code to handle BC4 and BC5. The BC6 and BC7 formats look significantly more intimidating, though. Is there a similar bit-twiddling trick to flip these formats, or would I have to fully decompress and recompress each block?

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• Implementing 2D CSG (for collision shapes)?

  - by bluescrn

  Are there any simple (or well documented) algorithms for basic CSG operations on 2D polygons? I'm looking for a way to 'add' a number of overlapping 2D collision shapes. These may be convex or concave, but will be closed shapes, defined as a set of line segments, with no self-intersections. The use of this would be to construct a clean set of collision edges, for use with a 2D physics engine, from a scene consisting of many arbitrarily placed (and frequently overlapping) objects, each with their own collision shape. To begin with, I only need to 'add' shapes, but the ability to 'subtract', to create holes, may also be useful.

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