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• Bot strategy in an arena

  - by joulesm

  I am writing the player's behavior for an arena game, and I'm wondering if you could offer some strategies. I'm writing it in Python, but I'm just interested in the high level game play. Here are the game aspects: Arena is a circle of a given size. The arena's size shrinks every round to help break any ties. Players are much smaller circles, and can be on teams of 1 or 2 players. Players attack by colliding with other players, and based on the physics of the collision (speed of both players, angle), one could force another player out of the arena. Once a player is out of the arena, they are out of the game (for that round). The goal is to be on the only team with players left in the arena. All other players have been pushed (through collisions or mistakes) out of the arena. It is possible for there to be no winner if the last two players exit the arena at the same time. Once the player has been programmed, the game just runs. There is no human intervention in the game. I'm thinking it's easiest to implement a few simple programmatic rules for my player to follow. For example, stay close to center of the arena, attack opponents from the inner side of the arena, etc. Are there any good simple game strategies? Would adding a random aspect to the game help? For example, to avoid predictability by the other team or something. Thanks in advance.

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• How do I properly use String literals for loading content?

  - by Dave Voyles

  I've been using verbatim string literals for some time now, and never quite thought about using a regular string literal until I started to come across them in Microsoft provided XNA samples. With that said, I'm trying to implement a new AudioManager class from the Net Rumble sample. I have two (2) issues here: Question 1: In my code for my GameplayScreen screen I have a folder location written as the following, and it works fine: menuButton = content.Load<SoundEffect>(@"sfx/menuButton"); menuClose = content.Load<SoundEffect>(@"sfx/menuClose"); If you notice, you'll see that I'm using a verbatim string, with a forward slash "/". In the AudioManager class, they use a regular string literal, but with two backslashes "\". I understand that one is used as an escape, but why are they BACK instead of FORWARD? (See below) soundList[soundName] = game.Content.Load<SoundEffect>("audio\\wav\\"+ soundName); Question 2: I seem to be doing everything correctly in my AudioManager class, but I'm not sure of what this line means: audioFileList = audioFolder.GetFiles("*.xnb"); I suppose that the *xnb means look for everything BUT files that end in *xnb? I can't figure out what I'm doing wrong with my file locations, as the sound effects are not playing. My code is not much different from what I've linked to above. private AudioManager(Game game, DirectoryInfo audioDirectory) : base(game) { try { audioFolder = audioDirectory; audioFileList = audioFolder.GetFiles("*.mp3"); soundList = new Dictionary<string, SoundEffect>(); for (int i = 0; i < audioFileList.Length; i++) { string soundName = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(audioFileList[i].Name); soundList[soundName] = game.Content.Load<SoundEffect>(@"sfx\" + soundName); soundList[soundName].Name = soundName; } // Plays this track while the GameplayScreen is active soundtrack = game.Content.Load<Song>("boomer"); } catch (NoAudioHardwareException) { // silently fall back to silence } }

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• PyGame QIX clone, filling areas

  - by astropanic

  I'm playing around with PyGame. Now I'm trying to implement a QIX clone. I have my game loop, and I can move the player (cursor) on the screen. In QIX, the movment of the player leaves a trace (tail) on the screen, creating a polyline. If the polyline with the screen boundaries creates a polygon, the area is filled. How I can accomplish this behaviour ? How store the tail in memory ? How to detect when it build a closed shape that should be filled ? I don't need an exact working solution, some pointers, algo names would be cool.

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• Allocating Entities within an Entity System

  - by miguel.martin

  I'm quite unsure how I should allocate/resemble my entities within my entity system. I have various options, but most of them seem to have cons associated with them. In all cases entities are resembled by an ID (integer), and possibly has a wrapper class associated with it. This wrapper class has methods to add/remove components to/from the entity. Before I mention the options, here is the basic structure of my entity system: Entity An object that describes an object within the game Component Used to store data for the entity System Contains entities with specific components Used to update entities with specific components World Contains entities and systems for the entity system Can create/destroy entites and have systems added/removed from/to it Here are my options, that I have thought of: Option 1: Do not store the Entity wrapper classes, and just store the next ID/deleted IDs. In other words, entities will be returned by value, like so: Entity entity = world.createEntity(); This is much like entityx, except I see some flaws in this design. Cons There can be duplicate entity wrapper classes (as the copy-ctor has to be implemented, and systems need to contain entities) If an Entity is destroyed, the duplicate entity wrapper classes will not have an updated value Option 2: Store the entity wrapper classes within an object pool. i.e. Entities will be return by pointer/reference, like so: Entity& e = world.createEntity(); Cons If there is duplicate entities, then when an entity is destroyed, the same entity object may be re-used to allocate another entity. Option 3: Use raw IDs, and forget about the wrapper entity classes. The downfall to this, I think, is the syntax that will be required for it. I'm thinking about doing thisas it seems the most simple & easy to implement it. I'm quite unsure about it, because of the syntax. i.e. To add a component with this design, it would look like: Entity e = world.createEntity(); world.addComponent<Position>(e, 0, 3); As apposed to this: Entity e = world.createEntity(); e.addComponent<Position>(0, 3); Cons Syntax Duplicate IDs

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• Collision detection when pathfinding with pathnodes, UDK

  - by Dave Voyles

  I'm trying to create a class that allows my AIController to path find using pathnodes (NOT NavMeshes). It's doing a swell job of going from point to point in a set order (although I would like for it to be a random patrol at some point), but it gets caught up on collision from time to time. I.E. He'll walk the same set path, and when he runs into the blocks in the middle of the map he continues to rub against them until they finish, and continues on his merry way to the next path node. How can I prevent this from happening, or at least have him move from the wall if he does a trace and detects that it is there? It looks like I need to use MoveToward() instead of MoveTo(), as MoveToward allows the pawn to adjust its course during movement. I'm just not sure of how to use those paramters. Mougli has a decent tutorial on it[/URL], but I can't seem to get it to work correctly with my pathnode array. class PathfindingAIController extends UDKBot; var array Waypoints; var int _PathNode; //declare it at the start so you can use it throughout the script var int CloseEnough; simulated function PostBeginPlay() { local PathNode Current; super.PostBeginPlay(); //add the pathnodes to the array foreach WorldInfo.AllActors(class'Pathnode',Current) { Waypoints.AddItem( Current ); } } simulated function Tick(float DeltaTime) { local int Distance; local Rotator DesiredRotation; super.Tick(DeltaTime); if (Pawn != None) { // Smoothly rotate the pawn towards the focal point DesiredRotation = Rotator(GetFocalPoint() - Pawn.Location); Pawn.FaceRotation(RLerp(Pawn.Rotation, DesiredRotation, 3.125f * DeltaTime, true), DeltaTime); } Distance = VSize2D(Pawn.Location - Waypoints[_PathNode].Location); if (Distance <= CloseEnough) { _PathNode++; } if (_PathNode >= Waypoints.Length) { _PathNode = 0; } GoToState('Pathfinding'); } auto state Pathfinding { Begin: if (Waypoints[_PathNode] != None) // make sure there is a pathnode to move to { MoveTo(Waypoints[_PathNode].Location); //move to it `log("STATE: Pathfinding"); } } DefaultProperties { CloseEnough=400 bIsplayer = True }

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• Frame Interpolation issues for skeletal animation

  - by sebby_man

  I'm trying to animate in-between keyframes for skeletal animation but having some issues. Each joint is represented by a quaternion and there is no translation component. When I try to slerp between the orientations at the two key frames, I got a very wacky animation. I know my skinning equation is right because the animation is perfectly fine when the animation is directly on a keyframe rather than in-between two. I'm using glm's built in mix function to do the slerp, so I don't think there are any problems with the actual slerp implementation. There's really one thing left that could be wrong here. I must not be in the correct space to do slerp. Right now the orientations are in joint local space. Do I have to be in world space? In some other space along the way? I have the bind pose matrix and world-space transformation matrix at my disposal if those are needed.

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• Diamond-square terrain generation problem

  - by kafka

  I've implemented a diamond-square algorithm according to this article: http://www.lighthouse3d.com/opengl/terrain/index.php?mpd2 The problem is that I get these steep cliffs all over the map. It happens on the edges, when the terrain is recursively subdivided: Here is the source: void DiamondSquare(unsigned x1,unsigned y1,unsigned x2,unsigned y2,float range) { int c1 = (int)x2 - (int)x1; int c2 = (int)y2 - (int)y1; unsigned hx = (x2 - x1)/2; unsigned hy = (y2 - y1)/2; if((c1 <= 1) || (c2 <= 1)) return; // Diamond stage float a = m_heightmap[x1][y1]; float b = m_heightmap[x2][y1]; float c = m_heightmap[x1][y2]; float d = m_heightmap[x2][y2]; float e = (a+b+c+d) / 4 + GetRnd() * range; m_heightmap[x1 + hx][y1 + hy] = e; // Square stage float f = (a + c + e + e) / 4 + GetRnd() * range; m_heightmap[x1][y1+hy] = f; float g = (a + b + e + e) / 4 + GetRnd() * range; m_heightmap[x1+hx][y1] = g; float h = (b + d + e + e) / 4 + GetRnd() * range; m_heightmap[x2][y1+hy] = h; float i = (c + d + e + e) / 4 + GetRnd() * range; m_heightmap[x1+hx][y2] = i; DiamondSquare(x1, y1, x1+hx, y1+hy, range / 2.0); // Upper left DiamondSquare(x1+hx, y1, x2, y1+hy, range / 2.0); // Upper right DiamondSquare(x1, y1+hy, x1+hx, y2, range / 2.0); // Lower left DiamondSquare(x1+hx, y1+hy, x2, y2, range / 2.0); // Lower right } Parameters: (x1,y1),(x2,y2) - coordinates that define a region on a heightmap (default (0,0)(128,128)). range - basically max. height. (default 32) Help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Drawing multiple Textures as tilemap

  - by DocJones

  I am trying to draw a 2d game map and the objects on the map in a single pass. Here is my OpenGL initialization code // Turn off unnecessary operations glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDisable(GL_LIGHTING); glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE); glDisable(GL_STENCIL_TEST); glDisable(GL_DITHER); glEnable(GL_BLEND); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); // activate pointer to vertex & texture array glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); My drawing code is being called by a NSTimer every 1/60 s. Here is the drawing code of my world object: - (void) draw:(NSRect)rect withTimedDelta:(double)d { GLint *t; glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, [_textureManager textureByName:@"blocks"]); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_REPLACE); for (int x=0; x<[_map getWidth] ; x++) { for (int y=0; y<[_map getHeight] ; y++) { GLint v[] = { 16*x ,16*y, 16*x+16,16*y, 16*x+16,16*y+16, 16*x ,16*y+16 }; t=[_textureManager getBlockWithNumber:[_map getBlockAtX:x andY:y]]; glVertexPointer(2, GL_INT, 0, v); glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_INT, 0, t); glDrawArrays(GL_QUADS, 0, 4); } } } (_textureManager is a Singelton only loading a texture once!) The object drawing codes is identical (except the nested loops) in terms of OpenGL calls: - (void) drawWithTimedDelta:(double)d { GLint *t; GLint v[] = { 16*xpos ,16*ypos, 16*xpos+16,16*ypos, 16*xpos+16,16*ypos+16, 16*xpos ,16*ypos+16 }; glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, [_textureManager textureByName:_textureName]); t=[_textureManager getBlockWithNumber:12]; glVertexPointer(2, GL_INT, 0, v); glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_INT, 0, t); glDrawArrays(GL_QUADS, 0, 4); } As soon as my central drawing routine calls the two drawing methods the second call overlays the first one. i would expect the call to world.draw to draw the map and "stamp" the objects upon it. Debugging shows me, that the first call is performed correctly (world is being drawn), but the following call to all objects ONLY draws the objects, the rest of the scene is getting black. I think i need to blend the drawn textures, but i cant seem to figure out how. Any help is appreciated. Thanks PS: Here is the github link to the project. It may not be in sync of my post here, but for some more in-depth analysis it may help.

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• XAudio2 - Multiple instances of the same sound

  - by Boreal

  Right now, I'm adding a rudimentary sound engine to my game. So far, I am able to load in a WAV file and play it once, then free up the memory when I close the game. However, the game crashes with a nice ArgumentOutOfBoundsException when I try to play another sound instance. Specified argument was out of the range of valid values. Parameter name: readLength I'm following this tutorial pretty much exactly, but I still keep getting the aforementioned error. Here's my sound-related code. http://pastebin.com/FgaqfXTs The exception occurs on line 156 when I am playing the sound: source.SubmitSourceBuffer(buffer);

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• Unity scaling instantiated GameObject at Start() doesn't "keep"

  - by Shivan Dragon

  I have a very simple scenario: A box-like Prefab which is imported from Blender automatically (I have the .blend file in the Assets folder). A script that has two public GameObject fields. In one I place the above prefab, and in the other I place a terrain object (which I've created in Unity's graphical view): public Collider terrain; public GameObject aStarCellHighlightPrefab; This script is attached to the camera. The idea is to have the Blender prefab instantiated, have the terrain set as its parent, and then scale said prefab instance up. I first did it like this, in the Start() method: void Start () { cursorPositionOnTerrain = new RaycastHit(); aStarCellHighlight = (GameObject)Instantiate(aStarCellHighlightPrefab, new Vector3(300,300,300), terrain.transform.rotation); aStarCellHighlight.name = "cellHighlight"; aStarCellHighlight.transform.parent = terrain.transform; aStarCellHighlight.transform.localScale = new Vector3(100,100,100); } and first thought it didn't work. However later I noticed that it did in fact work, in the sense where the scale was applied right at the start, but then right after the prefab instance came back to its initial scale. Putting the scale code in the Update() methods fixes it in the sense where now it stays scaled all the time: void Update () { aStarCellHighlight.transform.localScale = new Vector3(100,100,100); //... } However I've noticed that when I run this code, the object is first displayed without the scale being applied, and it takes about 5-10 seconds for the scale to happen. During this time everything works fine (like input and logging, etc). The scene is very simple, it's not like it has a lot of stuff to load or anything (there's a Ray cast from the camera on to the terrain, but that seems to happen without such delays). My (2 part) question is: Why doesn't it take the scale transform when I do it at the beginning in the Start() method. Why do I have to keep scaling it in the Update() method? Why does it take so long for the scale to "apply/show up".

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• Using polygons instead of quads on Cocos2d

  - by rraallvv

  I've been looking under the hood of Cocos2d, and I think (please correct me if I'm wrong) that although working with quads is a key feature of the engine, it should't be dificult to make it work with arrays of vertices (aka polygons) instead of quads, being the quads a special case of an array of four vertices by the way, does anyone have any code that makes cocos2d render a texture filled polygon inside a batch node? the code posted here (http://www.cocos2d-iphone.org/forum/topic/8142/page/2#post-89393) does a nice job rendering a texture filled polygon but the class doesn't work with batch nodes

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• Renderbuffer to GLSL shader?

  - by Dan

  I have a software that performs volume rendering through a raycasting approach. The actual raycasting shader writes the raycasted volume depth into a framebuffer object, through gl_FragDepth, that I bind before calling the shader. The problem I have is that I would like to use this depth in another shader that I call later on. I figured out that the only way to do that is to bind the framebuffer once the raycasting has finished, read the depthmap through something like glReadPixels(0, 0, m_winSize.x , m_winSize.y, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_FLOAT, pixels); and write it to a 2D texture as usual glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT24, m_winSize.x, m_winSize.y, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_FLOAT, pixels) and then pass this 2D texture that contains a simple depth map to the other shader. However, I am not entirely sure that what I do is the proper way to do this. Is there anyway to pass the framebuffer that I fill up in my raycasting shader to the other shader?

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• 2.5D action RPG game

  - by Phorden

  I want to make a 2.5D action RPG game in the next say five years. I need to learn a language first and I have started with C#. I haven't gotten too far into learning it and I would like advice on the best way to approach making a game like this in the long run. Work with XNA studios or stop and learn C++ and UDK? Or maybe there is another good way to approach this. I want to learn programming, so just using a visual editor without learning to code is not the way I want to go. I also don't want to write my game engine from scratch. I'm all ears for advice.

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• Slick2D - Entities and rendering

  - by Zarkopafilis

  I have been trying to create my very first game for quite a while, followed some tutorials and stuff, but I am stuck at creating my entity system. I have made a class that extends the Entity class and here it is: public class Lazer extends Entity{//Just say that it is some sort of bullet private Play p;//Play class(State) private float x; private float y; private int direction; public Lazer(Play p, float x , float y, int direction){ this.p = p; this.x = x; this.y = y; this.direction = direction; p.ent.add(this); } public int getDirection(){ return direction; //this one specifies what value will be increased (x/y) at update } public float getX(){ return x; } public float getY(){ return y; } public void setY(float y){ this.y = y; } public void setX(float x){ this.x = x; } } The class seems pretty good , after speding some hours googling what would be the right thing. Now, on my Play class. I cant figure out how to draw them. (I have added them to an arraylist) On the update method , I update the lazers based on their direction: public void moveLazers(int delta){ for(int i=0;i<ent.size();i++){ Lazer l = ent.get(i); if(l.getDirection() == 1){ l.setX(l.getX() + delta * .1f); }else if(l.getDirection() == 2){ l.setX(l.getX() - delta * .1f); }else if(l.getDirection() == 3){ l.setY(l.getY() + delta * .1f); }else if(l.getDirection() == 4){ l.setY(l.getY() - delta * .1f); } } } Now , I am stuck at the render method. Anyway , is this the correct way of doing this or do I need to change stuff? Also I need to know if collision detection needs to be in the update method. Thanks in advance ~ Teo Ntakouris

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• Ogre3d particle effect causing error in iPhone

  - by anu

  1) First I have added the Particle Folder from the OgreSDK( Contains Smoke.particle) 2) Added the Smoke.material And smoke.png and smokecolors.ong 3) After this I added the Plugin = Plugin_ParticleFX in the plugins.cfg Here is my code: #Defines plugins to load # Define plugin folder PluginFolder=./ # Define plugins Plugin=RenderSystem_GL Plugin=Plugin_ParticleFX 4) I have added the particle path in the resources.cfg( adding the particle file in this get crash ) #Resource locations to be added to the 'bootstrap' path # This also contains the minimum you need to use the Ogre example framework [Bootstrap] Zip=media/packs/SdkTrays.zip # Resource locations to be added to the default path [General] FileSystem=media/models FileSystem=media/particle FileSystem=media/materials/scripts FileSystem=media/materials/textures FileSystem=media/RTShaderLib FileSystem=media/RTShaderLib/materials Zip=media/packs/cubemap.zip Zip=media/packs/cubemapsJS.zip Zip=media/packs/skybox.zip 6) Finally I did all the settings, my code is here: mPivotNode = OgreFramework::getSingletonPtr()->m_pSceneMgr->getRootSceneNode()->createChildSceneNode(); // create a pivot node // create a child node and attach an ogre head and some smoke to it Ogre::SceneNode* headNode = mPivotNode->createChildSceneNode(Ogre::Vector3(100, 0, 0)); headNode->attachObject(OgreFramework::getSingletonPtr()->m_pSceneMgr->createEntity("Head", "ogrehead.mesh")); headNode->attachObject(OgreFramework::getSingletonPtr()->m_pSceneMgr->createParticleSystem("Smoke", "Examples/Smoke")); 7) I run this, I got the below error: An exception has occurred: OGRE EXCEPTION(2:InvalidParametersException): Cannot find requested emitter type. in ParticleSystemManager::_createEmitter at /Users/davidrogers/Documents/Ogre/ogre-v1-7/OgreMain/src/OgreParticleSystemManager.cpp (line 353) 8) Getting crash at: (void)renderOneFrame:(id)sender { if(!OgreFramework::getSingletonPtr()->isOgreToBeShutDown() && Ogre::Root::getSingletonPtr() && Ogre::Root::getSingleton().isInitialised()) { if(OgreFramework::getSingletonPtr()->m_pRenderWnd->isActive()) { mStartTime = OgreFramework::getSingletonPtr()->m_pTimer->getMillisecondsCPU(); //( getting crash here) Does anyone know what could be causing this?

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• Will having many timers affect my game performance?

  - by iQue

  I'm making a game for android, and earlier today I was trying to add some cool stuff to my game. The problem is this thing needs like 5 timers. I build my timers like this: timer += deltaTime; if(timer >= 2.0f){ doStuff; timer -= 2.0f; } // this timers gets stuff done every 2 secs Will having to many timers like this, getting checked every frame, screw up my games performance? The effect I wanted to add was a crosshair every 2 sec, then remove it after 2 sec and do a timed animation. So an array of crosshairs dependent on a bunch of timers to be exact. This caused my game to shut down when used, so thats why Im wondering if using that many timers causes my game to flip out.

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• Box Collider isn't rotating with Game Object

  - by pek

  I have a method that creates a room by instantiating a prefab, places it in a grid and the re-sizes the collider based on a room definition (location in grid, rotation, width and height). Here is the method: public void CreateRoom(RoomAction action) { GameObject roomGameObject = Instantiate(this.roomPrefab, Vector3.zero, action.RoomPrefab.transform.rotation) as GameObject; roomGameObject.transform.parent = this.transform; roomGameObject.transform.localPosition = new Vector3(action.MansionOffsetX, 0, -action.MansionOffsetY) * this.blockSize; roomGameObject.transform.localPosition += new Vector3((action.Room.Width * this.blockSize) / 2, 0, -((action.Room.Height * this.blockSize) / 2)); BoxCollider roomCollider = roomGameObject.GetComponent<BoxCollider>(); roomCollider.isTrigger = true; roomCollider.center = new Vector3(0, this.height / 2, 0); roomCollider.size = new Vector3(action.Room.Width * this.blockSize, this.height, action.Room.Height * this.blockSize); roomGameObject.transform.RotateAroundLocal(roomGameObject.transform.up, Mathf.Deg2Rad * -90 * action.Rotation); } The problem I'm having is that, while the room rotates correctly, but for some reason, the collider isn't rotating with the game object. Here is a screenshot: Any idea on what am I doing wrong?

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• Animating Tile with Blitting taking up Memory.

  - by Kid

  I am trying to animate a specific tile in my 2d Array, using blitting. The animation consists of three different 16x16 sprites in a tilesheet. Now that works perfect with the code below. BUT it's causing memory leakage. Every second the FlashPlayer is taking up +140 kb more in memory. What part of the following code could possibly cause the leak: //The variable Rectangle finds where on the 2d array we should clear the pixels //Fillrect follows up by setting alpha 0 at that spot before we copy in nxt Sprite //Tiletype is a variable that holds what kind of tile the next tile in animation is //(from tileSheet) //drawTile() gets Sprite from tilesheet and copyPixels it into right position on canvas public function animateSprite():void{ tileGround.bitmapData.lock(); if(anmArray[0].tileType > 42){ anmArray[0].tileType = 40; frameCount = 0; } var rect:Rectangle = new Rectangle(anmArray[0].xtile * ts, anmArray[0].ytile * ts, ts, ts); tileGround.bitmapData.fillRect(rect, 0); anmArray[0].tileType = 40 + frameCount; drawTile(anmArray[0].tileType, anmArray[0].xtile, anmArray[0].ytile); frameCount++; tileGround.bitmapData.unlock(); } public function drawTile(spriteType:int, xt:int, yt:int):void{ var tileSprite:Bitmap = getImageFromSheet(spriteType, ts); var rec:Rectangle = new Rectangle(0, 0, ts, ts); var pt:Point = new Point(xt * ts, yt * ts); tileGround.bitmapData.copyPixels(tileSprite.bitmapData, rec, pt, null, null, true); } public function getImageFromSheet(spriteType:int, size:int):Bitmap{ var sheetColumns:int = tSheet.width/ts; var col:int = spriteType % sheetColumns; var row:int = Math.floor(spriteType/sheetColumns); var rec:Rectangle = new Rectangle(col * ts, row * ts, size, size); var pt:Point = new Point(0,0); var correctTile:Bitmap = new Bitmap(new BitmapData(size, size, false, 0)); correctTile.bitmapData.copyPixels(tSheet, rec, pt, null, null, true); return correctTile; }

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• Multiple render targets and gamma correctness in Direct3D9

  - by Mario

  Let's say in a deferred renderer when building your G-Buffer you're going to render texture color, normals, depth and whatever else to your multiple render targets at once. Now if you want to have a gamma-correct rendering pipeline and you use regular sRGB textures as well as rendertargets, you'll need to apply some conversions along the way, because your filtering, sampling and calculations should happen in linear space, not sRGB space. Of course, you could store linear color in your textures and rendertargets, but this might very well introduce bad precision and banding issues. Reading from sRGB textures is easy: just set SRGBTexture = true; in your texture sampler in your HLSL effect code and the hardware does the conversion sRGB-linear for you. Writing to an sRGB rendertarget is theoretically easy, too: just set SRGBWriteEnable = true; in your effect pass in HLSL and your linear colors will be converted to sRGB space automatically. But how does this work with multiple rendertargets? I only want to do these corrections to the color textures and rendertarget, not to the normals, depth, specularity or whatever else I'll be rendering to my G-Buffer. Ok, so I just don't apply SRGBTexture = true; to my non-color textures, but when using SRGBWriteEnable = true; I'll do a gamma correction to all the values I write out to my rendertargets, no matter what I actually store there. I found some info on gamma over at Microsoft: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb173460%28v=vs.85%29.aspx For hardware that supports Multiple Render Targets (Direct3D 9) or Multiple-element Textures (Direct3D 9), only the first render target or element is written. If I understand correctly, SRGBWriteEnable should only be applied to the first rendertarget, but according to my tests it doesn't and is used for all rendertargets instead. Now the only alternative seems to be to handle these corrections manually in my shader and only correct the actual color output, but I'm not totally sure, that this'll not have any negative impact on color correctness. E.g. if the GPU does any blending or filtering or multisampling after the Linear-sRGB conversion... Do I even need gamma correction in this case, if I'm just writing texture color without lighting to my rendertarget? As far as I know, I DO need it because of the texture filtering and mip sampling happening in sRGB space instead, if I don't correct for it. Anyway, it'd be interesting to hear other people's solutions or thoughts about this.

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• LWJGL Text Rendering

  - by Trixmix

  Currently in my project I am using LWJGL and the Slick2D library to render text onto the screen. Here is a more specific example: Font f = new Font("Times New Roman",Font.BOLD,18); font = new UnicodeFont(f); font.getEffects().add(new ColorEffect(Color.white)); font.addAsciiGlyphs(); try { font.loadGlyphs(); } catch (SlickException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } then i use font.drawString to write onto the screen. This is a quick easy way but it has a lot of disadvantages. for example font.loadGlyphs take a very long time 1-3 seconds. so when i want to change a color or font type then i have to wait 1-3 seconds which means I cannot do it while rendering (ie. cant have different color text on the same screen). My question is what is a better way of drawing multicolored text onto the screen? I use slick2d only for the text rendering so maybe i can fully get rid of the library and draw text some other way... If you have an answer please leave a quick short example. Thanks!

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• What math should all game programmers know?

  - by Tetrad

  Simple enough question: What math should all game programmers have a firm grasp of in order to be successful? I'm not specifically talking about rendering math or anything in the niche areas of game programming, more specifically just things that even game programmers should know about, and if they don't they'll probably find it useful. Note: as there is no one correct answer, this question (and its answers) is a community wiki. Also, if you would like fancy latex math equations, feel free to use http://mathurl.com/.

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• Best practice settings Effect parameters in XNA

  - by hichaeretaqua

  I want to ask if there is a best practice settings effect parameters in XNA. Or in other words, what exactly happens when I call pass.Apply(). I can imagine multiple scenarios: Each time Apply() is called, all effect parameters are transferred to the GPU and therefor it has no real influence how often I set a parameter. Each time Apply() is called, only the parameters that got reset are transferred. So caching Set-operations that don't actually set a new value should be avoided. Each time Apply() is called, only the parameters that got changed are transferred. So caching Set-operations is useless. This whole questions is bootless because no one of the mentions ways has any noteworthy impact on game performance. So the final question: Is it useful to implement some caching of Set-operation like: private Matrix _world; public Matrix World { get{ return _world;} set { if(value == world)return; _effect.Parameters["xWorld"].SetValue(value); _world = value; } Thanking you in anticipation

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• Unity3D: How To Smoothly Switch From One Camera To Another

  - by www.Sillitoy.com

  The Question is basically self explanatory. I have a scene with many cameras and I'd like to smoothly switch from one to another. I am not looking for a cross fade effect but more to a camera moving and rotating the view in order to reach the next camera point of view and so on. To this end I have tried the following code: firstCamera.transform.position.x = Mathf.Lerp(firstCamera.transform.position.x, nextCamer.transform.position.x,Time.deltaTime*smooth); firstCamera.transform.position.y = Mathf.Lerp(firstCamera.transform.position.y, nextCamera.transform.position.y,Time.deltaTime*smooth); firstCamera.transform.position.z = Mathf.Lerp(firstCamera.transform.position.z, nextCamera.transform.position.z,Time.deltaTime*smooth); firstCamera.transform.rotation.x = Mathf.Lerp(firstCamera.transform.rotation.x, nextCamera.transform.rotation.x,Time.deltaTime*smooth); firstCamera.transform.rotation.z = Mathf.Lerp(firstCamera.transform.rotation.z, nextCamera.transform.rotation.z,Time.deltaTime*smooth); firstCamera.transform.rotation.y = Mathf.Lerp(firstCamera.transform.rotation.y, nextCamera.transform.rotation.y,Time.deltaTime*smooth); But the result is actually not that good.

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• Why does multiplying texture coordinates scale the texture?

  - by manning18

  I'm having trouble visualizing this geometrically - why is it that multiplying the U,V coordinates of a texture coordinate has the effect of scaling that texture by that factor? eg if you scaled the texture coordinates by a factor of 3 ..then doesn't this mean that if you had texture coordinates 0,1 and 0,2 ...you'd be sampling 0,3 and 0,6 in the U,V texture space of 0..1? How does that make it bigger eg HLSL: tex2D(textureSampler, TexCoords*3) Integers make it smaller, decimals make it bigger I mean I understand intuitively if you added to the U,V coordinates, as that is simply an offset into the sampling range, but what's the case with multiplication? I have a feeling when someone explains this to me I'm going to be feeling mighty stupid

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• Checking if an object is inside bounds of an isometric chunk

  - by gopgop

  How would I check if an object is inside the bounds of an isometric chunk? for example I have a player and I want to check if its inside the bounds of this isometric chunk. I draw the isometric chunk's tiles using OpenGL Quads. My first try was checking in a square pattern kind of thing: e = object; this = isometric chunk; if (e.getLocation().getX() < this.getLocation().getX()+World.CHUNK_WIDTH*World.TILE_WIDTH && e.getLocation().getX() > this.getLocation().getX()) { if (e.getLocation().getY() > this.getLocation().getY() && e.getLocation().getY() < this.getLocation().getY()+World.CHUNK_HEIGHT*World.TILE_HEIGHT) { return true; } } return false; What happens here is that it checks in a SQUARE around the chunk so not the real isometric bounds. Image example: (THE RED IS WHERE THE PROGRAM CHECKS THE BOUNDS) What I have now: Desired check: Ultimately I want to do the same for each tile in the chunk. EXTRA INFO: Till now what I had in my game is you could only move tile by tile but now I want them to move freely but I still need them to have a tile location so no matter where they are on the tile their tile location will be that certain tile. then when they are inside a different tile's bounding box then their tile location becomes the new tile. Same thing goes with chunks. the player does have an area but the area does not matter in this case. and as long as the X and Y are inside the bounding box then it should return true. they don't have to be completely on the tile.

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