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  • What are the benefits of designing a KeyBinding relay?

    - by Adam Naylor
    The input system of Quake3 is handled using a Keybinding relay, whereby each keypress is matched against a 'binding' which is then passed to the CLI along with a time stamp of when the keypress (or release) occurred. I just wanted to get an idea from developers what they considered to be the key benefits of designing your input system around this approach? One thing i don't particularly like is the appending of the timestamp to the bound command. This seems like a bit of a hack to bend the CLI into handling the games input? Also I feel that detecting the keypress only to add the command to a stream of text that gets parsed at a later date to be a slightly latent way of responding to input? (or is this unfounded?) The only real benefit i can see is that it allows you to bind 'complex' commands to keypresses; like 'switch weapon;+fire;' for example. Or maybe for journaling purposes? Thanks for any insights!

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  • Finite state machine in C++

    - by Electro
    So, I've read a lot about using FSMs to do game state management, things like what and FSM is, and using a stack or set of states for building one. I've gone through all that. But I'm stuck at writing an actual, well-designed implementation of an FSM for that purpose. Specifically, how does one cleanly resolve the problem of transitioning between states, (how) should a state be able to use data from other states, and so on. Does anyone have any tips on designing and writing a implementation in C++, or better yet, code examples?

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  • Rotate a particle system

    - by Blueski
    Languages / Libraries in use: C++, OpenGL, GLUT Okay, here's the deal. I've got a particle system which shoots out alpha blended textures to produce a flame. The system only keeps track of very basic things such as, time alive, life, xyz and spread. The direction in which the flames are currently moving in is purely based on other things which are going on in my code ( I assume ). My goal however, is to attach the flame to the camera (DONE) and have the flame pointing in the direction my camera is facing (NOT WORKING). I've tried glRotate for both x,y,z and I can't get it to work properly. I'm currently using gluLookAt to move the camera, and get the flame to follow the XYZ of the camera by calling glTranslatef(camX, camY - offset, camZ); Any suggestions on how I can rotate the direction of the flame with the camera would be greatly appreciated. Heres an image of what I've got: http://i.imgur.com/YhV4w.png Notes: Crosshair depicts where camera is facing if I turn the camera, flame doesn't follow the crosshair Also asked here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9560396/rotate-a-particle-system but was referred here

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  • I prefer C/C++ over Unity and other tools: is it such a big downer for a game developper ?

    - by jokoon
    We have a big game project on Unity at school on which we are 12 to work on. My teacher seems to be convinced it's an important tool to teach students, since it makes students look from the high level to the lower level. I can understand his view, and I'm wondering: Is unity such an important engine in game developping companies ? Are there a lot of companies using it because they can't afford to use something else ? He is talking like Unity is a big player in game making, but I only see it fit small indie game companies who want to do a game as fast as possible. Do you think Unity is that much important in the industry ? Does it endangers the value of C++ skills ? It's not that I don't like Unity, it's just that I don't learn nothing with it, I prefer to achieve little steps with Ogre or SFML instead. Also, we also have C++ practice exercises, but those are just practice with theory, nothing much.

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  • Demystifying "chunked level of detail"

    - by Caius Eugene
    Just recently trying to make sense of implementing a chunked level of detail system in Unity. I'm going to be generating four mesh planes, each with a height map but I guess that isn't too important at the moment. I have a lot of questions after reading up about this technique, I hope this isn't too much to ask all in one go, but I would be extremely grateful for someone to help me make sense of this technique. 1 : I can't understand at which point down the Chunked LOD pipeline that the mesh gets split into chunks. Is this during the initial mesh generation, or is there a separate algorithm which does this. 2 : I understand that a Quadtree data structure is used to store the Chunked LOD data, I think i'm missing the point a bit, but Is the quadtree storing vertex and triangles data for each subdivision level? 3a : How is the camera distance usually calculated. When reading up about quadtree's, Axis-aligned bounding box's are mentioned a lot. In this case would each chunk have a collision bounding box to detect the camera or player is nearby? or is there a better way of doing this? (raycast maybe?) 3b : Do the chunks calculate the camera distance themselves? 4 : Does each chunk have the same "resolution". for example at top level the mesh will be 32x32, will each subdivided node also be 32x32. Example below:

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  • Keeping Aspect Screen Ration While Stays in Center

    - by David Dimalanta
    I sqw and I tried this suggestion on PISTACHIO BRAINSTORMIN* on how to make a good and adaptive screen ration. For every different screen size, let's say I put the perfect circle as a Texture in LibGDX and played it on screen. Here's the blueberry image example and it's perfectly rounded: When I played it on the Google Nexus 7, the circle turn into a slightly oblonng shape, resembling as it was being flatten a bit. Please observe this snapshot below and you can see the blueberry is almost but slightly not perfectly rounded: Now, when I tried the suggested code for aspect ratio, the perfect circle retained but another problem is occured. The problem is that I expecting for a view on center but instead it's been moved to the right offset leaving with a half black screen. This would be look like this: Here is my code using the suggested screen aspect ratio code: Class' Field // Ingredients Needed for Screen Aspect Ratio private static final int VIRTUAL_WIDTH = 720; private static final int VIRTUAL_HEIGHT = 1280; private static final float ASPECT_RATIO = ((float) VIRTUAL_WIDTH)/((float) VIRTUAL_HEIGHT); private Camera Mother_Camera; private Rectangle Viewport; render() // Camera updating... Mother_Camera.update(); Mother_Camera.apply(Gdx.gl10); // Reseting viewport... Gdx.gl.glViewport((int) Viewport.x, (int) Viewport.y, (int) Viewport.width, (int) Viewport.height); // Clear previous frame. Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); show() Mother_Camera = new OrthographicCamera(VIRTUAL_WIDTH, VIRTUAL_HEIGHT); Was this code useful for screen aspect ratio-proportion fixing or it is statically dependent on actual device's width and height? *see http://blog.acamara.es/2012/02/05/keep-screen-aspect-ratio-with-different-resolutions-using-libgdx/#comment-317

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  • Ray Tracing Shadows in deferred rendering

    - by Grieverheart
    Recently I have programmed a raytracer for fun and found it beutifully simple how shadows are created compared to a rasterizer. Now, I couldn't help but I think if it would be possible to implement somthing similar for ray tracing of shadows in a deferred renderer. The way I though this could work is after drawing to the gbuffer, in a separate pass and for each pixel to calculate rays to the lights and draw them as lines of unique color together with the geometry (with color 0). The lines will be cut-off if there is occlusion and this fact could be used in a fragment shader to calculate which rays are occluded. I guess there must be something I'm missing, for example I'm not sure how the fragment shader could save the occlusion results for each ray so that they are available for pixel at the ray's origin. Has this method been tried before, is it possible to implement it as I described and if yes what would be the drawbacks in performance of calculating shadows this way?

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  • Modern techniques for spriting

    - by DevilWithin
    Hello, I would like to know the flow for making modern 2D game artwork. How are the assets made nowadays? Bitmap? Vector-based? Hand-drawn and painted? Drawn digitally? Modeled in 3D and exported to bitmaps? I would like some information on programs as well, for fine looking art. Why does Flash's vector art style look good in most games? How do I make equivalent graphics with external tools? Or equaly good and not vector-based, anyway. Any special hints for animating? An answer oriented towards a one-man-army indie developer with little experience but some artistic sense would be appreciated! Not a complete dummy with paint programs, but also not a master at all, just need efficient ways to achieve results. Thanks. NOTE: Pixel art is not the goal of this question, nothing related to direct pixel manipulation should be brought up here, but you're free to do exactly that :)

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  • How do I handle specific tile/object collisions?

    - by Thomas William Cannady
    What do I do after the bounding box test against a tile to determine whether there is a real collision against the contents of that tile? And if there is, how should I move the object in response to that collision? I have a small object, and test for collisions against the tiles that each corner of it is on. Here's my current code, which I run for each of those (up to) four tiles: // get the bounding box of the object, in world space objectBounds = object->bounds + object->position; if ( (objectBounds.right >= tileBounds.left) && (objectBounds.left <= tileBounds.right) && (objectBounds.top >= tileBounds.bottom) && (objectBounds.bottom <= tileBounds.top)) { // perform specific test to see if it's a left, top , bottom // or right collision. If so, I check to see the nature of it // and where I need to place the object to respond to that collision... // [THIS IS THE PART THAT NEEDS WORK] // if( lastkey==keydown[right] && ((objectBounds.right >= tileBounds.left) && (objectBounds.right <= tileBounds.right) && (objectBounds.bottom >= tileBounds.bottom) && (objectBounds.bottom <= tileBounds.top)) ) { object->position.x = tileBounds.left - objectBounds.width; } // etc.

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  • Sending a android.content.Context parameter to a function with JNI

    - by Ef Es
    I am trying to create a method that checks for internet connection that needs a Context parameter. The JNIHelper allows me to call static functions with parameters, but I don't know how to "retrieve" Cocos2d-x Activity class to use it as a parameter. public static boolean isNetworkAvailable(Context context) { boolean haveConnectedWifi = false; boolean haveConnectedMobile = false; ConnectivityManager cm = (ConnectivityManager) context.getSystemService( Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE); NetworkInfo[] netInfo = cm.getAllNetworkInfo(); for (NetworkInfo ni : netInfo) { if (ni.getTypeName().equalsIgnoreCase("WIFI")) if (ni.isConnected()) haveConnectedWifi = true; if (ni.getTypeName().equalsIgnoreCase("MOBILE")) if (ni.isConnected()) haveConnectedMobile = true; } return haveConnectedWifi || haveConnectedMobile; } and the c++ code is JniMethodInfo methodInfo; if ( !JniHelper::getStaticMethodInfo( methodInfo, "my/app/TestApp", "isNetworkAvailable", "(android/content/Context;)V")) { //error return; } CCLog( "Method found and loaded!"); methodInfo.env->CallStaticVoidMethod( methodInfo.classID, methodInfo.methodID); methodInfo.env->DeleteLocalRef( methodInfo.classID);

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  • Matrix multiplication - Scene Graphs

    - by bgarate
    I wrote a MatrixStack class in C# to use in a SceneGraph. So, to get the world matrix for an object I am suposed to use: WorldMatrix = ParentWorld * LocalTransform But, in fact, it only works as expected when I do the other way: WorldMatrix = LocalTransform * ParentWorld Mi code is: public class MatrixStack { Stack<Matrix> stack = new Stack<Matrix>(); Matrix result = Matrix.Identity; public void PushMatrix(Matrix matrix) { stack.Push(matrix); result = matrix * result; } public Matrix PopMatrix() { result = Matrix.Invert(stack.Peek()) * result; return stack.Pop(); } public Matrix Result { get { return result; } } public void Clear() { stack.Clear(); result = Matrix.Identity; } } Why it works this way and not the other? Thanks!

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  • multipass shadow mapping renderer in XNA

    - by Nick
    I am wanting to implement a multipass renderer in XNA (additive blending combines the contributions from each light). I have the renderer working without any shadows, but when I try to add shadow mapping support I run into an issue with switching render targets to draw the shadow maps. When I switch render targets, I lose the contents of the backbuffer which ruins the whole additive blending idea. For example: Draw() { DrawAmbientLighting() foreach (DirectionalLight) { DrawDirectionalShadowMap() // <-- I lose all previous lighting contributions when I switch to the shadow map render target here DrawDirectionalLighting() } } Is there any way around my issue? (I could render all the shadow maps first, but then I have to make and hold onto a render target for each light that casts a shadow--is this the only way?)

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  • Tools for assembling textures into DDS files

    - by Nicol Bolas
    There are plenty of tools for making images. I'm not looking for one of those; I have many tools for creating an image. I've got tools for compressing images, generating mipmaps, and even for poking at their basic data format. My issue is with texture assembly. DDS files support cubemaps, array textures, and even cubemap arrays. But I don't know of a tool that can pack a series of images into a cubemap or the like. What tools are available for doing this kind of thing?

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  • Box2D: How to get the Exact Collision Point and ignore the collision (from 2 "ghost bodies")

    - by Moritz
    I have a very basic problem with Box2D. For a arenatype game where you can throw scriptable "missiles" at other players I decided to use Box2D for the collision detection between the players and the missiles. Players and missiles have their own circular shape with a specific size (varying). But I don´t want to use dynamic bodies because the missiles need to move themselve in any way they want to (defined in the script) and shouldnt be resolved unless the script wants it. The behavior I look for is as following (for each time step): velocity of missiles is set by the specific missile script each missile is moved according to that velocity if a collision accurs now, I want to get the exact position of impact, and now I need a mechanism to decide if the missile should just ignore the collision (for example collision between two fireballs which shouldnt interact) or take it (so they are resolved and dont overlap anymore) So is there a way in Box2D to create Ghost bodies and listen to collisions from them, then deciding if they should ignore the collision or should take them and resolve their position? I hope I was clear enough and would be happy about any help!

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  • How can I make video games if I don't like programming?

    - by hoper
    I am studying C++ code in my school (my major is computer programming). Honestly, my grades are not so good, and assignments are really hard. Sometimes I feel sad that I will spend 8-10 hours per day coding (which is stressful) in the future for my job. But I still want to make video games. Maybe this is the only reason why I am taking all of these stressful courses. I always write down plots, stories, characters, fictional gaming worlds... Once, I thought I should study artistic technology such as game design and not computer technology such as C++, C#, etc. However, most of popular game designers (or directors) such as Kojima, Miyamoto, etc. used to be good programmers. Companies actaully assign programmers to directors because they understand how to make a game. I've try to find other colleges or universities where they teach game design programs. However, one article that lists rank 10 game design schools in North America seems untrustful because the survey company only scores it from intervews of students. Once, I tried to attend Art Institute of Vancouver which is rank 7 according to that article. However, one programmer who used to be an instructor in there told me the truth: the employement rate of graduated students is low. How can I have a future making games if I don't like programming?

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  • Slick2D: Animation not being parsed from spritesheet correctly

    - by user2066880
    I have a 960x960 spritesheet with each tile being 192x192. I initialized my spritesheet and animation like so: spritesheet = new SpriteSheet("resources/spritesheets/player.png", 192, 192); walkingLeft = new Animation(spritesheet, 3, 0, 0, 1, true, 20, true); When I attempt to render the animation, I get a java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: -1 error. This error doesn't occur when I'm creating an animation from images in the same row. Therefore, I'm assuming that the error is being caused because of the way Slick is handling horizontal scanning (going to the next row after reaching the end).

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  • How to update a game off a database

    - by James Clifton
    I am currently writing a sports strategy management game (cricket) in PHP, with a MYSQL database, and I have come across one stumbling block - how do I update games where neither player is online? Cricket is a game played between two players, and when they (or one of them) is online then everything is fine; but what if neither player is online? This occurs when championship games are played, and these games need to happen at certain times for game reasons. At the moment I have a private web page that updates every 5 seconds, and each time it loads all games are updated; but then I have the problem that when my private web page stops (for example my computer crashes or my web browser plays up) the game stops updating! Any suggestions?

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  • Collision between sprites in game programming?

    - by Lyn Maxino
    I've since just started coding for an android game using eclipse. I've read Beginning Android Game Programming and various other e-books. Recently, I've encountered a problem with collision between sprites. I've used this code template for my program. package com.project.CAI_test; import java.util.Random; import android.graphics.Bitmap; import android.graphics.Canvas; import android.graphics.Rect; public class Sprite { // direction = 0 up, 1 left, 2 down, 3 right, // animation = 3 back, 1 left, 0 front, 2 right int[] DIRECTION_TO_ANIMATION_MAP = { 3, 1, 0, 2 }; private static final int BMP_ROWS = 4; private static final int BMP_COLUMNS = 3; private static final int MAX_SPEED = 5; private GameView gameView; private Bitmap bmp; private int x = 0; private int y = 0; private int xSpeed; private int ySpeed; private int currentFrame = 0; private int width; private int height; public Sprite(GameView gameView, Bitmap bmp) { this.width = bmp.getWidth() / BMP_COLUMNS; this.height = bmp.getHeight() / BMP_ROWS; this.gameView = gameView; this.bmp = bmp; Random rnd = new Random(); x = rnd.nextInt(gameView.getWidth() - width); y = rnd.nextInt(gameView.getHeight() - height); xSpeed = rnd.nextInt(MAX_SPEED * 2) - MAX_SPEED; ySpeed = rnd.nextInt(MAX_SPEED * 2) - MAX_SPEED; } private void update() { if (x >= gameView.getWidth() - width - xSpeed || x + xSpeed <= 0) { xSpeed = -xSpeed; } x = x + xSpeed; if (y >= gameView.getHeight() - height - ySpeed || y + ySpeed <= 0) { ySpeed = -ySpeed; } y = y + ySpeed; currentFrame = ++currentFrame % BMP_COLUMNS; } public void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { update(); int srcX = currentFrame * width; int srcY = getAnimationRow() * height; Rect src = new Rect(srcX, srcY, srcX + width, srcY + height); Rect dst = new Rect(x, y, x + width, y + height); canvas.drawBitmap(bmp, src, dst, null); } private int getAnimationRow() { double dirDouble = (Math.atan2(xSpeed, ySpeed) / (Math.PI / 2) + 2); int direction = (int) Math.round(dirDouble) % BMP_ROWS; return DIRECTION_TO_ANIMATION_MAP[direction]; } public boolean isCollition(float x2, float y2) { return x2 > x && x2 < x + width && y2 > y && y2 < y + height; } } The above code only detects collision between the generated sprites and the surface border. What I want to achieve is a collision detection that is controlled by the update function without having to change much of the coding. Probably several lines placed in the update() function. Tnx for any comment/suggestion.

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  • Sprites as Actors

    - by Scán
    Hello, I'm not experienced in GameDev questions, but as a programmer. In the language Scala, you can have scalable multi-tasking with Actors, very stable, as I hear. You can even habe hundreds of thousands of them running at once without a problem. So I thought, maybe you can use these as a base class for 2D-Sprites, to break out of the game-loop thing that requires to go through all the sprites and move them. They'd basically move themselves, event-driven. Would that make sense for a game? Having it multitasked like that? After all, it will run on the JVM, though that should not be much of a problem nowadays.

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  • How to balance a non-symmetric "extension" based game?

    - by Klaim
    Most strategy games have fixed units and possible behaviours. However, think of a game like Magic The Gathering : each card is a set of rules. Regularly, new sets of card types are created. I remember that the firsts editions of the game have been said to be prohibited in official tournaments because the cards were often too powerful. Later extensions of the game provided more subtle effects/rules in cards and they managed to balance the game apparently effectively, even if there is thousands of different cards possible. I'm working on a strategy game that is a bit in the same position : every units are provided by extensions and the game is thought to be extended for some years, at least. The effects variety of the units are very large even with some basic design limitations set to be sure it's manageable. Each player choose a set of units to play with (defining their global strategy) before playing (like chooseing a themed deck of Magic cards). As it's a strategy game (you can think of Magic as a strategy game too in some POV), it's essentially skirmish based so the game have to be fair, even if the players don't choose the same units before starting to play. So, how do you proceed to balance this type of non-symmetric (strategy) game when you know it will always be extended? For the moment, I'm trying to apply those rules but I'm not sure it's right because I don't have enough design experience to know : each unit would provide one unique effect; each unit should have an opposite unit that have an opposite effect that would cancel each others; some limitations based on the gameplay; try to get a lot of beta tests before each extension release? Looks like I'm in the most complex case?

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  • OpenGL ES Basic Fragment Shader help with transparency

    - by Chris
    I have just spent my first half hour playing with the shader language. I have modified the basic program I have which renders the texture, to allow me to colour the texture. varying vec2 texCoord; uniform sampler2D texSampler; /* Given the texture coordinates, our pixel shader grabs the corresponding * color from the texture. */ void main() { //gl_FragColor = texture2D(texSampler, texCoord); gl_FragColor = vec4(0,1,0,1)*vec4(texture2D(texSampler,texCoord).xyz,1); } I have noticed how this affects my transparent textures, and I believe I am loosing the alpha channel which would explain why previously transparent area's appear totally black. If I use the following line instead, I am shown the transparent area's gl_FragColor = vec4(0,1,0,1)*vec4(texture2D(texSampler,texCoord).aaa,1); How can I retain the transparency after this modification to the colour? I have seen various things about a .w property, and also luminous, but my tweaks with those and the .aaa property are not working XD

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  • 3ds Max error dialog: "Instancing not supported for this action"

    - by monsto
    "Instancing not supported for this action” is the dialog I get. My favorite part is that, according to google and yahoo, apparently i am the only person in the history of mankind to experience these words together in this order, let along get this message from Max. Thanks, autodesk, for putting this dialog in special for me! So I’ve created my model (nws) and was setting up a Skin Wrap. Selected "Face Deformation", added the base-skin for weight, checked “weight all points”. . . clicked “convert to skin” and got that dialog. My model doesn’t have a whole lot of elements to it, I had a left and right appendage that came from a base model (skyrim). so, i did a clonecopy of all 3 of my elements, just to be sure nothing was instanced… and VOILA! Same error message. the only other elements are an imported NIF mesh and skeleton. Any idea where this is coming from or how I can make it go away so that I can export my mesh?

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  • I can't figure out how to animate my loaded model with Assimp

    - by Brendan Webster
    I have loaded in a model to my C++ OpenGL game. It is a COLLADA file type that I have loaded, and I setup an animation under blender for the file. The problem is I don't know how to animate the model. The Assimp documentation didn't really help me out. Their source code didn't use animations, and I can't seem to find anywhere online that someone explains how to animate your loaded model... I'm sorta wondering if someone could link me to a helpful website, or maybe just help me out, so that maybe I will understand how to do animations with assimp.

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  • How can I fade something to clear instead of white?

    - by Raven Dreamer
    I've got an XNA game which essentially has "floating combat text": short-lived messages that display for a fraction of a second and then disappear. I've recently added a gradual "fade-away" effect, like so: public void Update() { color.A -= 10; position.X += 3; if (color.A <= 10) isDead = true; } Where color is the Color int the message displays as. This works as expected, however, it fades the messages to white, which is very noticeable on my indigo background. Is there some way to fade it to transparent, rather than white? Lerp-ing towards the background color isn't an option, as there's a possibility there will be something between the text and the background, which would simply be the inverse of the current problem.

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  • How to I get a rotated sprite to move left or right?

    - by rphello101
    Using Java/Slick 2D, I'm using the mouse to rotate a sprite on the screen and the directional keys (in this case, WASD) to move the spite. Forwards and backwards is easy, just position += cos(ang)*speed or position -= cos(ang)*speed. But how do I get the sprite to move left or right? I'm thinking it has something to do with adding 90 degrees to the angle or something. Any ideas? Rotation code: int mX = Mouse.getX(); int mY = HEIGHT - Mouse.getY(); int pX = sprite.x+sprite.image.getWidth()/2; int pY = sprite.y+sprite.image.getHeight()/2; double mAng; if(mX!=pX){ mAng = Math.toDegrees(Math.atan2(mY - pY, mX - pX)); if(mAng==0 && mX<=pX) mAng=180; } else{ if(mY>pY) mAng=90; else mAng=270; } sprite.angle = mAng; sprite.image.setRotation((float) mAng); And the movement code (delta is change in time): Input input = gc.getInput(); Vector2f direction = new Vector2f(); Vector2f velocity = new Vector2f(); direction.x = (float) Math.cos(Math.toRadians(sprite.angle)); direction.y = (float) Math.sin(Math.toRadians(sprite.angle)); if(direction.length()>0) direction = direction.normalise(); //On a separate note, what does this line of code do? velocity.x = (float) (direction.x * sprite.moveSpeed); velocity.y = (float) (direction.y * sprite.moveSpeed); if(input.isKeyDown(sprite.up)){ sprite.x += velocity.x*delta; sprite.y += velocity.y*delta; }if (input.isKeyDown(sprite.down)){ sprite.x -= velocity.x*delta; sprite.y -= velocity.y*delta; }if (input.isKeyDown(sprite.left)){ //??? }if (input.isKeyDown(sprite.right)){ //??? }

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